JP3979821B2 - Medical oxygen concentrator - Google Patents

Medical oxygen concentrator Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3979821B2
JP3979821B2 JP2001340367A JP2001340367A JP3979821B2 JP 3979821 B2 JP3979821 B2 JP 3979821B2 JP 2001340367 A JP2001340367 A JP 2001340367A JP 2001340367 A JP2001340367 A JP 2001340367A JP 3979821 B2 JP3979821 B2 JP 3979821B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
oxygen
concentration
sample gas
ultrasonic
flow rate
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JP2003135601A (en
Inventor
直登志 藤本
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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Priority to JP2001340367A priority Critical patent/JP3979821B2/en
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Priority to ES02802381T priority patent/ES2328911T3/en
Priority to DE60233245T priority patent/DE60233245D1/en
Priority to PT02802381T priority patent/PT1440935E/en
Priority to CNB028042646A priority patent/CN1223510C/en
Priority to AT02802381T priority patent/ATE438587T1/en
Priority to KR1020037008899A priority patent/KR100908583B1/en
Priority to US10/466,612 priority patent/US6960246B2/en
Priority to AU2002363201A priority patent/AU2002363201B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2002/011238 priority patent/WO2003037786A1/en
Priority to EP02802381A priority patent/EP1440935B1/en
Priority to CA2437031A priority patent/CA2437031C/en
Priority to TW091132184A priority patent/TWI259090B/en
Publication of JP2003135601A publication Critical patent/JP2003135601A/en
Priority to HK04107946A priority patent/HK1065023A1/en
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  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、空気中から酸素を分離し濃縮する酸素濃縮装置に関する。更に詳細には、医療目的で使用される酸素濃縮装置から送り出される酸素濃縮空気の酸素濃度を測定する手段を備えた医療用酸素濃縮装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
サンプルガス中を伝播する超音波の伝播速度は、サンプルガスの濃度、温度の関数として表されることが広く知られている。サンプルガスの平均分子量をM、温度をT[K]とすれば、サンプルガス中の超音波伝播速度C[m/sec]は、次式(1)で表される。
【0003】
【数1】

Figure 0003979821
【0004】
ここで、k、Rは定数(k:定積モル比熱と定圧モル比熱の比、R:気体定数)である。すなわち、サンプルガス中の超音波伝播速度C[m/sec]とサンプルガスの温度T[K]が測定できれば、サンプルガスの平均分子量Mを決定できる。該サンプルガスが、例えば酸素と窒素の2分子からなるガスであれば、k = 1.4となることが知られている。該サンプルガスの平均分子量Mは、酸素の分子量をMO2、窒素の分子量をMN2として、例えば酸素100×P[%](0≦P≦1)と窒素100×(1‐P)[%]の場合においては、
M = MO2 P+MN2 (1‐P) ---------- 式(2)
と記述することができ、測定された平均分子量Mから酸素濃度Pを決定できる。
【0005】
超音波反射式ガス濃度測定装置の特徴として、サンプルガスの流量に関わらずサンプルガスの濃度を測定することが可能である。すなわち、サンプルガスの流速が0でのサンプルガス中の超音波伝播速度がC[m/sec]であれば、超音波振動子から反射板に向かう方向へのサンプルガスの流速がV[m/sec]であったとき、超音波振動子から反射板に向かう超音波伝播速度は、C+Vとなり、反射板にて反射された超音波が該超音波振動子に戻る方向への超音波伝播速度はC‐Vとなる。超音波反射式の装置にて測定される超音波の伝播速度は、往復する超音波の平均速度となるため、サンプルガスの流速Vはキャンセルされて、サンプルガスの流速が0でのサンプルガス中の超音波伝播速度Cが測定されることになる。
【0006】
該原理を利用し、サンプルガス中を伝播する超音波の伝播速度もしくは伝播時間からサンプルガスの濃度、流量を測定する方法及び装置に関しては、種々の提案が行われている。たとえば、特開平6-213877には、サンプルガスが通る配管中に超音波振動子2つを対向させて配置し、該超音波振動子間を伝播する超音波の伝播時間を計測することによってサンプルガスの濃度及び流量を測定する装置が記載されている。また、たとえばUS Patent No.5060506には、超音波の音速変化を測定することにより、2種類の分子から構成されるサンプルガスの濃度を測定する装置が記載されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような超音波の伝播速度等を用いてサンプルガスの濃度を正確に測定する方法を用いて、酸素濃縮装置から発生する酸素濃縮空気中の酸素濃度を測定する場合においては、酸素と窒素の濃度のみが変化し、酸素と窒素以外の分子がサンプルガス中に存在する場合には、酸素と窒素以外の分子は濃度が常に一定である、もしくは、酸素と窒素以外の分子は、酸素または窒素の濃度と常に一定の比率で存在する必要性があった。すなわち、式(1)からも明らかなように、サンプルガスの温度T、および、音速Cが測定できた場合に導出できる変数はサンプルガスの平均分子量Mであり、平均分子量Mからサンプルガスの濃度を求めるためには、平均分子量は単一の変数のみで表現されなければならなかった。
【0008】
しかしながら、実際に酸素濃縮装置から出力されるサンプルガスには、酸素と窒素以外に、アルゴンが含まれる。さらにアルゴンの濃度は常に一定ではなく、酸素濃縮装置の設定流量に伴って変化するため、従来の超音波式酸素濃度測定手段では、酸素濃度を正確に測定できないという問題点があった。
【0009】
本発明は、サンプルガスの流量に伴うアルゴン濃度を補正する係数を導出し、各流量における酸素濃度を正確に測定可能な超音波式酸素濃度測定手段を備えた酸素濃縮装置を提供することを目的としている。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、かかる目的を達成するために鋭意研究した結果、同一種類の酸素濃縮装置から出力されるサンプルガスに含まれる酸素/アルゴン濃度の比率は、同一サンプルガス流量において、ほぼ等しく、サンプルガス流量からアルゴン濃度の補正係数を導出してフィードバックすることで、アルゴンが存在する場合においても正確に酸素濃度を測定可能であることを見出したものである。
【0011】
すなわち本発明は、空気中から酸素を分離する酸素濃縮手段、酸素濃縮手段の下流の配管中に対向させて配置した超音波を送受信する超音波振動子と反射板、及び温度センサを備えた酸素濃縮装置において、使用者に供給する酸素濃縮空気の設定流量に対する酸素濃縮空気中の酸素、アルゴン比の補正係数テーブルを備え、該補正係数値に基づいて、酸素濃縮空気の酸素濃度を演算する濃度演算手段を備えたことを特徴とする医療用酸素濃縮装置を提供するものである。
【0012】
また本発明は、かかる濃度演算手段が、該超音波振動子から送信された超音波が反射板にて反射され、該超音波振動子にて受信されるまでの伝播速度を検出し、超音波の伝播速度及びガス温度から酸素濃度を演算する手段であることを特徴とするものであり、特に該濃度演算手段が、所定濃度の酸素及び窒素の混合ガスを該配管中に導入した時の、該超音波振動子から送信された超音波が反射板にて反射され、該超音波振動子にて受信されるまでの伝播時間を演算する機能を備え、その結果から超音波振動子と反射板を結ぶ配管の基準長さを演算する演算手段、演算した基準長さの結果を記憶する記憶手段を備えたことを特徴とする医療用酸素濃縮装置を提供するものである。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
酸素濃縮装置から出力される酸素/アルゴン濃度の比率は、該酸素濃縮装置の出力するサンプルガスの流量によって変化するものであり、該酸素/アルゴン濃度比率は、サンプルガス流量の関数として表すことが可能である。
【0014】
本発明は、酸素、窒素、アルゴンから構成されるサンプルガスを出力する酸素濃縮装置に搭載するために好適な超音波式酸素濃度測定手段において、サンプルガス流量からアルゴン濃度の補正係数を導出し、該補正係数を用いることでサンプルガスの酸素濃度を正確に測定できる医療用酸素濃縮装置を提供するものである。
【0015】
以下に実施例を示す。本発明の酸素濃縮装置は、図2に概略フローを示すように、酸素よりも窒素を選択的に吸着する吸着剤として高性能のLi―X型ゼオライトを充填した2本の吸着筒、加圧空気を該吸着筒に供給するコンプレッサ、吸着筒から生成する酸素濃縮空気を使用者に供給する酸素供給手段を備え、吸着塔下流側の配管途中に超音波式酸素濃度測定手段を備える。
【0016】
超音波式酸素濃度測定手段の構成は図1に示すとおりであり、配管に対向して配置した超音波振動子と反射板、及び温度センサを備える。
【0017】
超音波振動子2と反射板20を結ぶ配管1の基準長さL0を校正する際には、校正用ガスとして酸素濃度100×P[%]、窒素100×(1 - P)[%]のガスをガスボンベ等で準備し、流量設定器等を用いて、流量Q0[m3/sec]で配管1に投入する。このとき、2つの温度センサ3の出力を平均した温度T0[K]を測定しておき、該温度を基準温度として、不揮発性メモリ9に保存しておく。このときの温度T0[K]は、装置の使用温度範囲として設定している温度を逸脱しなければ、何[K]であっても構わない。
【0018】
該校正用ガス投入中において、マイクロコンピュータ7より超音波の送信パルスをドライバ5に送り、送受信切り替え器4を通して超音波振動子2にパルス電圧が印加され、超音波が送信される。超音波送信後、反射板20にて反射された超音波を該超音波振動子2にて受信できるように、送受信切り替え器4にて該超音波振動子2を受信可能状態にする。その後、反射板20にて反射し、該超音波振動子2によって受信された超音波は、送受信切り替え器4、レシーバ6を介してマイクロコンピュータ7に入力され、超音波伝播時間t0[sec]が測定される。
【0019】
酸素濃度100×P[%]、窒素100×(1‐P)[%]、温度T0[K]のガス中の超音波伝播速度C0[m/sec]は、前述の式(1)を用いて、以下のようになる。
【0020】
【数2】
Figure 0003979821
【0021】
該校正用ガスを投入した際に測定された超音波伝播時間はt0[sec]であったため、基準温度T0[K]における超音波振動子と反射板を結ぶ配管1の基準長さをL0[m]とすると、以下の関係が成立する。
【0022】
【数3】
Figure 0003979821
【0023】
すなわち、基準温度T0[K]における基準長さL0[m]は、以下の式で求めることができる。
【0024】
【数4】
Figure 0003979821
【0025】
上記の計算は、マイクロコンピュータ7において実施され、ここで求めた基準長さL0[m]は、不揮発性メモリ9に保存される。
【0026】
以上の方法により、既知濃度の校正用ガス1種類を装置に投入することで、温度T0[K]における超音波振動子2と反射板20を結ぶ配管1の基準長さL0[m]を校正できる。該方法は、装置に校正用ガスを投入中に、装置に装備されたボタンを1回押すだけで実現でき、計算自体も簡便なものなので、瞬時に校正を終えることが可能である。また、装置の経年劣化等により、超音波振動子2と反射板20の位置関係が変わってしまい、超音波の伝播距離が変化してしまった場合等においても、簡単に装置を校正し直し、不揮発性メモリ9に保存された基準温度、基準長さを更新することが可能である。
【0027】
かかる酸素濃縮装置から出力されるサンプルガスの各流量においてガス成分分析を行った結果を表1に示す。ガス成分分析はガスクロマトグラフ法で行なった。
【0028】
【表1】
Figure 0003979821
【0029】
表1に示すように、流量により酸素、アルゴンの比が異なることが明らかになった。表1には、前記酸素濃縮装置1台にて測定された結果を示しているが、同じ種類の酸素濃縮装置においても、出力される酸素濃度には多少のばらつきはあるものの、酸素/アルゴン濃度の比率は同じである。一方、吸着剤の種類や量、吸着筒の形状など機台の種類が異なればかかる酸素/アルゴン比は異なる。
【0030】
表1の結果より、サンプルガス流量に伴うアルゴン濃度の補正係数を導出し、酸素濃度を正確に測定する方法を以下に示す。流量変化に伴うアルゴン濃度の補正を行う方法は様々ある。例えば、表1より、酸素とアルゴンの存在比率を用いて、直接的に式(1)における平均分子量Mを記述する方法が考えられる。すなわち、酸素、窒素、アルゴンの分子量を、それぞれ32、28、40とし、酸素濃度を100×P[%]で表せば、酸素濃縮装置からの出力流量が1.00L/minの時、平均分子量Mは、以下のように式(6)で表すことが可能となる。
【0031】
M = 32P + 40*(6.4/93.5)P + 28(1-P-(6.4/93.5)P) ----- 式(6)
さらに、比熱比kに関しても、2原子分子(酸素、窒素)の比熱比1.4、1原子分子(アルゴン)の比熱比1.67を用いて、次式のように表すことが可能である。
【0032】
k = 1.4*(1-(6.4/93.5)P) + 1.67*(6.4/93.5)P ----- 式(7)
したがって、サンプルガス中の音速、及び温度を測定できれば、式(1)(6)(7)から、未知数はPのみとなり、酸素濃度100×P[%]を求めることができる。
【0033】
上述の例は、サンプルガス流量が1.00L/minの場合であり、その他流量の時には、式(6)、式(7)における(6.4/93.5)とした酸素/アルゴン存在比率を、他の流量における酸素/アルゴン存在比率に置きかえればよい。この場合、酸素/アルゴン存在比率そのものがアルゴン濃度の補正係数となり、サンプルガス流量から該アルゴン濃度補正係数をテーブル参照する、もしくは、あらかじめ測定された流量に対する酸素/アルゴン濃度の比率の関係を近似式で求めておき、該アルゴン濃度補正係数を流量の関数として導出すれば、正確な酸素濃度を測定できる。
【0034】
または、計算を簡単にするため、次のような方法も考えられる。すなわち、サンプルガスの成分は酸素と窒素のみから構成されるものと仮定し、式(2)を用いて酸素濃度を計算する。ここで得られる酸素濃度はアルゴンの存在を無視した値であるため、実際の酸素濃度とは異なる値となる。しかしながら、特定流量における酸素とアルゴンの存在比率が分かっているため、一旦計算された酸素濃度の値に特定の係数を乗じることで、正確な酸素濃度を近似して求めることが可能である。この場合においては、該特定の係数がアルゴン濃度の補正係数となる。
【0035】
例えば、サンプルガスの流量が1.00L/minの場合、式(2)を用い、比熱比k=1.4としてアルゴンの存在を無視して酸素濃度を計算した時、酸素濃度は102.8[%]と計算されてしまう。しかしながら、実際の酸素濃度は93.5[%]であることがあらかじめ分かっていれば、1.00L/minの際のアルゴン濃度補正係数として(93.5/102.8)を求めることができ、サンプルガス流量が1.00L/minの時には式(2)で求まる酸素濃度にアルゴン濃度補正係数(93.5/102.8)を乗じることで、正確に酸素濃度を測定できる。
【0036】
1.00L/min以外の時にも同様に、あらかじめアルゴン濃度補正係数を求めておけば、サンプルガス流量から該アルゴン濃度補正係数をテーブル参照する、もしくは、流量に対するアルゴン濃度補正係数を近似式で求めておけば、各流量におけるアルゴン濃度補正係数を決定することが可能であり、正確な酸素濃度を測定できる。
【0037】
図1に装置の構成を示す概略図を示す。超音波振動子2と反射板20を結ぶ部分の配管1は円筒形状をしており、超音波振動子2と反射板20は、サンプルガスの流れる配管1の中に対向させて配置する。温度センサ3は、超音波伝播経路上のガスの流れを乱すことのないように、サンプルガスの出入り口付近に2つ配置する。2つの温度センサ3を配管1の出入り口に配置することで、配管1を流れるサンプルガスの平均温度を測定できるようにしている。サンプルガスの温度変化が大きくない場合には、温度センサ3は1つでも良い。超音波振動子2は、超音波の送受信が可能であり、送受信の切り替えは送受信切り替え器4によって実施される。不揮発性メモリ9には、前述された流量vsアルゴン濃度補正係数テーブルが保存されている。表示器8は、測定されたサンプルガスの酸素濃度を表示する。
【0038】
サンプルガスの流量は、流量測定器21によって測定され、流量測定値はマイクロコンピュータ7に入力される。
【0039】
サンプルガスの音速Cs[m/sec]、温度Ts[℃]、及び、サンプルガス流量からアルゴン濃度補正係数が分かれば、先述したいずれかの方法を用いて酸素濃度を正確に求めることが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の医療用酸素濃縮装置の超音波式酸素濃度測定手段の構成を示す概略図。
【図2】本発明の医療用酸素濃縮装置の概略構成図。
【符号の説明】
1 配管
2 超音波振動子
3 温度センサ
4 送受信切り替え器
5 ドライバ
6 レシーバ
7 マイクロコンピュータ
8 表示器
9 不揮発性メモリ
10 医療用酸素濃縮装置
11 吸着筒
12 コンプレッサ
13 フィルタ
14 切り替え弁
15 逆止弁
16 製品タンク
17 調圧弁
18 超音波式酸素濃度測定手段
19 製品フィルタ
20 反射板
21 流量測定器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oxygen concentrator that separates and concentrates oxygen from the air. More specifically, the present invention relates to a medical oxygen concentrating device having means for measuring the oxygen concentration of oxygen-enriched air sent out from an oxygen concentrating device used for medical purposes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is widely known that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves propagating in a sample gas is expressed as a function of the concentration and temperature of the sample gas. If the average molecular weight of the sample gas is M and the temperature is T [K], the ultrasonic propagation velocity C [m / sec] in the sample gas is expressed by the following equation (1).
[0003]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003979821
[0004]
Here, k and R are constants (k: ratio of constant volume molar specific heat and constant pressure molar specific heat, R: gas constant). That is, if the ultrasonic propagation velocity C [m / sec] in the sample gas and the temperature T [K] of the sample gas can be measured, the average molecular weight M of the sample gas can be determined. For example, if the sample gas is a gas composed of two molecules of oxygen and nitrogen, it is known that k = 1.4. Average molecular weight M of the sample gas, the molecular weight of oxygen M O2, the molecular weight of the nitrogen as M N2, for example, oxygen 100 × P [%] (0 ≦ P ≦ 1) and nitrogen 100 × (1-P) [ % ],
M = M O2 P + M N2 (1-P) ---------- Formula (2)
The oxygen concentration P can be determined from the measured average molecular weight M.
[0005]
As a feature of the ultrasonic reflection type gas concentration measuring device, it is possible to measure the concentration of the sample gas regardless of the flow rate of the sample gas. That is, if the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity in the sample gas when the flow velocity of the sample gas is 0 is C [m / sec], the flow velocity of the sample gas in the direction from the ultrasonic transducer toward the reflector is V [m / sec], the ultrasonic propagation velocity from the ultrasonic transducer toward the reflector is C + V, and the ultrasonic propagation velocity in the direction in which the ultrasonic wave reflected by the reflector returns to the ultrasonic transducer is CV. The propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave measured by the ultrasonic reflection type device is the average velocity of the reciprocating ultrasonic wave, so the sample gas flow velocity V is canceled and the sample gas flow velocity is zero in the sample gas. Is measured.
[0006]
Various proposals have been made regarding methods and apparatuses for measuring the concentration and flow rate of a sample gas from the propagation speed or propagation time of an ultrasonic wave propagating in the sample gas using the principle. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-2187777, two ultrasonic transducers are arranged facing each other in a pipe through which a sample gas passes, and a sample is measured by measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic waves propagating between the ultrasonic transducers. An apparatus for measuring gas concentration and flow rate is described. For example, US Patent No. 5060506 describes an apparatus for measuring the concentration of a sample gas composed of two types of molecules by measuring a change in the speed of ultrasonic waves.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When measuring the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air generated from the oxygen concentrator using a method for accurately measuring the concentration of the sample gas using the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves, etc., When only the concentration changes and molecules other than oxygen and nitrogen are present in the sample gas, the concentration of molecules other than oxygen and nitrogen is always constant, or molecules other than oxygen and nitrogen are oxygen or nitrogen. There was always a need to be present at a constant ratio with the concentration of. That is, as is clear from equation (1), the variable that can be derived when the temperature T of the sample gas and the speed of sound C can be measured is the average molecular weight M of the sample gas, and the concentration of the sample gas from the average molecular weight M. In order to determine the average molecular weight had to be expressed with only a single variable.
[0008]
However, the sample gas actually output from the oxygen concentrator includes argon in addition to oxygen and nitrogen. Furthermore, since the concentration of argon is not always constant and varies with the set flow rate of the oxygen concentrator, there is a problem that the conventional ultrasonic oxygen concentration measuring means cannot measure the oxygen concentration accurately.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide an oxygen concentrator equipped with an ultrasonic oxygen concentration measuring means capable of deriving a coefficient for correcting an argon concentration associated with a flow rate of a sample gas and accurately measuring the oxygen concentration at each flow rate. It is said.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve such an object, the present inventors have found that the ratio of the oxygen / argon concentration contained in the sample gas output from the same type of oxygen concentrator is almost equal at the same sample gas flow rate. It has been found that the oxygen concentration can be accurately measured even when argon is present by deriving and feeding back a correction coefficient for the argon concentration from the sample gas flow rate.
[0011]
That is, the present invention relates to an oxygen concentrating unit that separates oxygen from the air, an ultrasonic transducer that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves disposed opposite to a pipe downstream of the oxygen concentrating unit, a reflecting plate, and an oxygen provided with a temperature sensor. The concentration device includes a correction coefficient table for oxygen and argon ratios in oxygen-enriched air with respect to a set flow rate of oxygen-enriched air supplied to the user, and a concentration for calculating the oxygen concentration of oxygen-enriched air based on the correction coefficient value The present invention provides a medical oxygen concentrator provided with a calculation means.
[0012]
Further, according to the present invention, the concentration calculating means detects the propagation speed until the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer is reflected by the reflector and received by the ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic wave is detected. Is a means for calculating the oxygen concentration from the propagation speed of the gas and the gas temperature, and particularly when the concentration calculating means introduces a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen of a predetermined concentration into the pipe, The ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer is reflected by the reflector and has a function of calculating the propagation time until it is received by the ultrasonic transducer. From the result, the ultrasonic transducer and the reflector The present invention provides a medical oxygen concentrating device comprising a calculating means for calculating a reference length of a pipe connecting pipes and a storage means for storing a result of the calculated reference length.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The ratio of the oxygen / argon concentration output from the oxygen concentrator varies depending on the flow rate of the sample gas output from the oxygen concentrator, and the oxygen / argon concentration ratio can be expressed as a function of the sample gas flow rate. Is possible.
[0014]
The present invention derives a correction factor for the argon concentration from the sample gas flow rate in an ultrasonic oxygen concentration measuring means suitable for mounting on an oxygen concentrator that outputs a sample gas composed of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, A medical oxygen concentrator that can accurately measure the oxygen concentration of a sample gas by using the correction coefficient is provided.
[0015]
Examples are shown below. The oxygen concentrator of the present invention has two adsorption cylinders filled with high-performance Li-X zeolite as an adsorbent that selectively adsorbs nitrogen rather than oxygen, as shown in a schematic flow in FIG. A compressor for supplying air to the adsorption cylinder, an oxygen supply means for supplying oxygen-enriched air generated from the adsorption cylinder to the user, and an ultrasonic oxygen concentration measurement means in the middle of the pipe on the downstream side of the adsorption tower are provided.
[0016]
The configuration of the ultrasonic oxygen concentration measuring means is as shown in FIG. 1, and includes an ultrasonic transducer, a reflector, and a temperature sensor arranged facing the pipe.
[0017]
When calibrating the reference length L 0 of the pipe 1 connecting the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflector 20, the oxygen concentration is 100 × P [%] and the nitrogen is 100 × (1−P) [%]. Is prepared in a gas cylinder or the like, and is introduced into the pipe 1 at a flow rate Q 0 [m 3 / sec] using a flow rate setting device or the like. At this time, a temperature T 0 [K] obtained by averaging the outputs of the two temperature sensors 3 is measured and stored in the nonvolatile memory 9 using the temperature as a reference temperature. The temperature T 0 [K] at this time may be any [K] as long as it does not deviate from the temperature set as the operating temperature range of the apparatus.
[0018]
While the calibration gas is being supplied, an ultrasonic transmission pulse is sent from the microcomputer 7 to the driver 5, a pulse voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 2 through the transmission / reception switch 4, and an ultrasonic wave is transmitted. After the ultrasonic transmission, the ultrasonic transducer 2 is set in a receivable state by the transmission / reception switch 4 so that the ultrasonic transducer 2 can receive the ultrasonic wave reflected by the reflecting plate 20. Thereafter, the ultrasonic wave reflected by the reflector 20 and received by the ultrasonic transducer 2 is input to the microcomputer 7 via the transmission / reception switch 4 and the receiver 6, and the ultrasonic propagation time t 0 [sec]. Is measured.
[0019]
The ultrasonic wave propagation velocity C 0 [m / sec] in the gas having an oxygen concentration of 100 × P [%], nitrogen 100 × (1-P) [%], and temperature T 0 [K] is expressed by the above equation (1). Is used as follows.
[0020]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003979821
[0021]
Since the ultrasonic propagation time measured when the calibration gas was introduced was t 0 [sec], the reference length of the pipe 1 connecting the ultrasonic transducer and the reflector at the reference temperature T 0 [K] was determined. Assuming L 0 [m], the following relationship holds.
[0022]
[Equation 3]
Figure 0003979821
[0023]
That is, the reference length at the reference temperature T 0 [K] L 0 [ m] can be obtained by the following equation.
[0024]
[Expression 4]
Figure 0003979821
[0025]
The above calculation is performed in the microcomputer 7, and the reference length L 0 [m] obtained here is stored in the nonvolatile memory 9.
[0026]
The reference length L 0 [m] of the pipe 1 connecting the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflecting plate 20 at the temperature T 0 [K] is obtained by introducing one kind of calibration gas having a known concentration into the apparatus by the above method. Can be calibrated. This method can be realized by simply pressing a button provided in the apparatus while the calibration gas is being supplied to the apparatus, and since the calculation itself is simple, the calibration can be completed instantaneously. In addition, even when the positional relationship between the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflection plate 20 changes due to aging degradation of the device, and the propagation distance of the ultrasonic waves changes, the device is simply recalibrated, It is possible to update the reference temperature and the reference length stored in the nonvolatile memory 9.
[0027]
Table 1 shows the results of the gas component analysis performed at each flow rate of the sample gas output from the oxygen concentrator. The gas component analysis was performed by gas chromatography.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003979821
[0029]
As shown in Table 1, it became clear that the ratio of oxygen and argon was different depending on the flow rate. Table 1 shows the results measured with one oxygen concentrator, but even in the same type of oxygen concentrator, the output oxygen concentration varies somewhat, but the oxygen / argon concentration The ratio is the same. On the other hand, the oxygen / argon ratio varies depending on the type of machine, such as the type and amount of the adsorbent and the shape of the adsorption cylinder.
[0030]
From the results in Table 1, a method for deriving a correction coefficient for the argon concentration associated with the sample gas flow rate and measuring the oxygen concentration accurately will be described below. There are various methods for correcting the argon concentration accompanying the flow rate change. For example, from Table 1, a method of directly describing the average molecular weight M in the formula (1) using the abundance ratio of oxygen and argon can be considered. That is, if the molecular weights of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon are 32, 28, and 40, respectively, and the oxygen concentration is expressed as 100 × P [%], the average molecular weight M is obtained when the output flow rate from the oxygen concentrator is 1.00 L / min. Can be expressed by equation (6) as follows.
[0031]
M = 32P + 40 * (6.4 / 93.5) P + 28 (1-P- (6.4 / 93.5) P) ----- Formula (6)
Furthermore, the specific heat ratio k can also be expressed by the following equation using the specific heat ratio of diatomic molecules (oxygen, nitrogen) of 1.4 and the specific heat ratio of 1.67 atoms (argon).
[0032]
k = 1.4 * (1- (6.4 / 93.5) P) + 1.67 * (6.4 / 93.5) P ----- Equation (7)
Therefore, if the sound speed and temperature in the sample gas can be measured, the unknown is only P and the oxygen concentration 100 × P [%] can be obtained from the equations (1), (6), and (7).
[0033]
In the above example, the sample gas flow rate is 1.00 L / min. When the flow rate is other than that, the oxygen / argon abundance ratio of (6.4 / 93.5) in Equation (6) and Equation (7) is set to other flow rates. The oxygen / argon abundance ratio may be replaced. In this case, the oxygen / argon abundance ratio itself becomes a correction factor for the argon concentration, and the argon concentration correction factor is referred to the table from the sample gas flow rate, or the relation of the ratio of the oxygen / argon concentration to the flow rate measured in advance is an approximate expression. If the argon concentration correction coefficient is derived as a function of the flow rate, an accurate oxygen concentration can be measured.
[0034]
Alternatively, the following method can be considered to simplify the calculation. That is, assuming that the component of the sample gas is composed only of oxygen and nitrogen, the oxygen concentration is calculated using equation (2). Since the oxygen concentration obtained here is a value ignoring the presence of argon, the oxygen concentration is different from the actual oxygen concentration. However, since the abundance ratio of oxygen and argon at a specific flow rate is known, it is possible to approximate the accurate oxygen concentration by multiplying the oxygen concentration value once calculated by a specific coefficient. In this case, the specific coefficient is a correction coefficient for the argon concentration.
[0035]
For example, when the flow rate of the sample gas is 1.00 L / min, the oxygen concentration is calculated to be 102.8 [%] when the oxygen concentration is calculated using formula (2) and ignoring the presence of argon with the specific heat ratio k = 1.4. It will be. However, if it is known in advance that the actual oxygen concentration is 93.5 [%], (93.5 / 102.8) can be obtained as the argon concentration correction factor at 1.00 L / min, and the sample gas flow rate is 1.00 L At / min, the oxygen concentration can be accurately measured by multiplying the oxygen concentration obtained by equation (2) by the argon concentration correction coefficient (93.5 / 102.8).
[0036]
Similarly, if the argon concentration correction coefficient is obtained in advance at other times than 1.00 L / min, the argon concentration correction coefficient is referred to the table from the sample gas flow rate, or the argon concentration correction coefficient for the flow rate is obtained by an approximate expression. In this case, it is possible to determine an argon concentration correction coefficient at each flow rate, and an accurate oxygen concentration can be measured.
[0037]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the apparatus. The pipe 1 at the portion connecting the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflecting plate 20 has a cylindrical shape, and the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflecting plate 20 are arranged facing each other in the pipe 1 through which the sample gas flows. Two temperature sensors 3 are arranged near the entrance and exit of the sample gas so as not to disturb the gas flow on the ultrasonic wave propagation path. By arranging two temperature sensors 3 at the entrance and exit of the pipe 1, the average temperature of the sample gas flowing through the pipe 1 can be measured. When the temperature change of the sample gas is not large, one temperature sensor 3 may be used. The ultrasonic transducer 2 can transmit / receive ultrasonic waves, and transmission / reception switching is performed by the transmission / reception switch 4. The non-volatile memory 9 stores the aforementioned flow rate vs. argon concentration correction coefficient table. The indicator 8 displays the measured oxygen concentration of the sample gas.
[0038]
The flow rate of the sample gas is measured by the flow rate measuring device 21, and the flow rate measurement value is input to the microcomputer 7.
[0039]
If the argon concentration correction factor is known from the sample gas sound velocity C s [m / sec], temperature T s [° C.], and the sample gas flow rate, the oxygen concentration can be accurately determined using any of the methods described above. Is possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of ultrasonic oxygen concentration measuring means of a medical oxygen concentrator of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a medical oxygen concentrator according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Piping 2 Ultrasonic vibrator 3 Temperature sensor 4 Transmission / reception switching device 5 Driver 6 Receiver 7 Microcomputer 8 Display device 9 Non-volatile memory 10 Medical oxygen concentrator 11 Adsorption cylinder 12 Compressor 13 Filter 14 Switching valve 15 Check valve 16 Product Tank 17 Pressure regulating valve 18 Ultrasonic oxygen concentration measuring means 19 Product filter 20 Reflecting plate 21 Flow rate measuring device

Claims (1)

空気中から酸素を分離する酸素濃縮手段、酸素濃縮手段の下流の配管中に対向させて配置した超音波を送受信する超音波振動子と反射板、及び温度センサを備えた酸素濃縮装置において、使用者に供給する酸素濃縮空気の設定流量に対する酸素濃縮空気中の酸素、アルゴン比(Ar/O2)の補正係数テーブルを備え、該超音波振動子から送信された超音波が反射板にて反射され、該超音波振動子にて受信されるまでの酸素濃縮空気中の伝播速度(C)と酸素濃縮空気の温度(T)および該補正係数値に基づいて、式(1)により酸素濃縮空気の酸素濃度(P)を演算する濃度演算手段を備えたことを特徴とする酸素濃縮装置。
(式1)C=√(kRT/M)
但し、M=32×P + 40×(Ar/O2)×P + 28×(1-P-(Ar/O2)×P)
k=1.4×(1-(Ar/O2)×P) + 1.67×(Ar/O2)×P
Oxygen concentrating means for separating oxygen from the air, used in an oxygen concentrating apparatus comprising an ultrasonic transducer and reflector for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves disposed opposite to a pipe downstream of the oxygen concentrating means, and a temperature sensor A correction coefficient table of oxygen and argon ratio (Ar / O2) in the oxygen-enriched air for the set flow rate of oxygen-enriched air supplied to the user is provided, and the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer are reflected by the reflector Based on the propagation speed (C) in the oxygen-enriched air until it is received by the ultrasonic transducer, the temperature (T) of the oxygen-enriched air, and the correction coefficient value, the equation (1) An oxygen concentrating apparatus comprising a concentration calculating means for calculating an oxygen concentration (P).
(Formula 1) C = √ (kRT / M)
However, M = 32 x P + 40 x (Ar / O2) x P + 28 x (1-P- (Ar / O2) x P)
k = 1.4 x (1- (Ar / O2) x P ) + 1.67 x (Ar / O2) x P
JP2001340367A 2001-10-30 2001-11-06 Medical oxygen concentrator Expired - Lifetime JP3979821B2 (en)

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JP2001340367A JP3979821B2 (en) 2001-11-06 2001-11-06 Medical oxygen concentrator
EP02802381A EP1440935B1 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen enriching device
PT02802381T PT1440935E (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen enriching device
CNB028042646A CN1223510C (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen concentrating apparatus
AT02802381T ATE438587T1 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 OXYGEN ENRICHMENT DEVICE
KR1020037008899A KR100908583B1 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen Concentrator
US10/466,612 US6960246B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen concentrating apparatus
AU2002363201A AU2002363201B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen enriching device
ES02802381T ES2328911T3 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 ENRICHMENT DEVICE IN OXYGEN.
DE60233245T DE60233245D1 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 OXYGEN ENRICHMENT DEVICE
CA2437031A CA2437031C (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen concentrating apparatus
PCT/JP2002/011238 WO2003037786A1 (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-29 Oxygen enriching device
TW091132184A TWI259090B (en) 2001-10-30 2002-10-30 An oxygen concentrator
HK04107946A HK1065023A1 (en) 2001-10-30 2004-10-14 Oxygen enriching device

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