JP3968607B2 - Three-dimensional processing method for wood - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional processing method of a wooden material that performs curved surface processing using recovery of the wooden material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There is a method using a press die for processing a curved surface of a wood material. At that time, a method of softening the wooden material and processing the curved surface using a press die to fix the deformation has already been made.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the curved surface processing of a wooden material by a press die, breakage such as cracking on the pulling side of the wooden material occurs, so that it is only suitable for a limited shape with a small degree of processing. Further, when the softened wood material is processed into a curved surface by a press die, the degree of freedom of processing is widened. However, the complicated curved surface processing still has problems such as cracking and has a limit to the processing level.
Further, even if the curved surface machining circumferential surfaces such as round timber, a method is conceivable by press die after the softening treatment, the press dies can not clean processed unless less flop perpendicularly to the wood material surface, thus There is a limitation on the die pressing to the rounded peripheral surface, and therefore, it is a problem to process a curved surface equally on the entire peripheral surface.
[0004]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a three-dimensional processing method of a wooden material that enables complex curved surface processing without causing cracks by utilizing the recovery of the compressed wooden material. Is.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above problems, in the invention of the present application , the wood material compressed in a softened state is temporarily fixed, and the wood material is put into a mold and recovered to be molded.
The wood material is a preferable example in that a single material such as a cedar board, a log, a square material and the like is easily compressed, but is not limited thereto.
The softening process may be a boiling process, a chemical process, a microwave or a high frequency process, or may be under high pressure steam. This is because, when placed under high-pressure steam, lignin and hemicellulose are softened by heating under wet conditions, and the microfibrils can be deformed with each other, thereby allowing deformation such as compression.
Compression can be easily performed by pressurizing the fibers in a direction perpendicular to the fiber, and compression up to about 1/3 before compression can be given as an example.
Temporary fixing is possible by drying in a compressed state, this is because the hydrogen bonds formed between the tissue binding on elastic deformation of the microfibrils. If softening is performed under high-pressure steam, temporary fixation is possible for a short time by lowering the temperature. If the wooden material can be put in the mold during this time and transferred to the next step, do not dry it. Temporary fixing may be performed simply by lowering the temperature.
As described above, when the compressed wood material is recovered, it returns to the size before compression, but at this time, when the material is put in the mold and recovered, the expanding wood material recovers while being packed in the unevenness of the mold, so the mold Molded. At this time, no pulling portion is generated, so that no cracking occurs.
[0006]
Further , the mold is pressed during the recovery to assist the mold forming. Since the mold is pressed against the expansion at the same time as the expansion by the recovery, the wooden material is sufficiently packed against the unevenness of the mold.
[0007]
In the invention according to claim 2 , when the curved surface is processed in two directions of X and Y with respect to the plate surface of the wooden plate material (the XY surface), the plate is softened. The surface is compressed and temporarily fixed in an arbitrary width direction (X direction), and a desired bending process is applied as a pre-process in the Y direction, which is different from this. When the front and back plate surfaces of this plate material are pressed by a pair of press dies, the plate material expands corresponding to the curved surface formed by the press die due to recovery in the X direction, so that the curved surface processing in the X direction breaks. It is made without it. Further, in the curved surface processing in the Y direction, part of the final bending is pre-prepared by pre-processing bending, and the remaining bending may be supplemented by press processing, so that less tension is required, and no cracks occur. .
[0008]
In the first aspect of the present invention, a thick wooden material compressed in a state of being treated softening temporarily fixed, it was set to obtain the plate material by cutting the wood material in the compression direction. Although it is difficult to compress the plate material in the width direction of the plate surface, the wood material before cutting out the plate material is compressed in advance and temporarily fixed, and the plate material can be easily cut out from this.
[0009]
In the invention according to claim 3 , the plate material is recovered by providing a blocking wall that prevents recovery of the plate material and / or return of bending around the plate material. For example, a stainless steel vertical tube can be used as a blocking wall, and a plate material that has been subjected to compression processing and bending processing is placed in the vertical tube in a state of being sandwiched between press dies, and the plate material is recovered therein. Depending on the method. At this time, if the peripheral shape of the press mold and the plate material is matched with the inner peripheral shape of the vertical cylinder, the vertical cylinder serves as a blocking wall, and the plate material that expands even if the plate material is recovered protrudes from the gap of the press mold. That is blocked. As a result, the recovery force is directed to the unevenness on the press die, and the unevenness is sufficiently packed and molded well.
Further, since the bending is prevented from returning before molding, the pre-bending effect of the bending can be maintained as scheduled by pre-bending a part of the bending by press working.
[0010]
In the invention according to claim 4 , after compressing and temporarily fixing a block-like or long woody material from the side, it is compressed from a direction perpendicular to the compression direction while being recovered. At that time, by placing the wood material in the mold of the desired shape, the side surface compressed at the first time is recovered and molded at the mold part corresponding to this side surface, and the second compression is performed. The side to be compressed is usually molded, and as a result, both the side surface and the surface perpendicular thereto are molded.
[0011]
In the invention of claim 5 , a long wood material such as a log material or a square material is softened, and it is compressed and reduced in diameter by press-fitting it into a groove-shaped press die having a tapered cross section. It was made to mold by putting it in a substantially cylindrical mold that can be divided vertically and recovering it. For example, if a log material is used, the bottom of the grooved press die can be formed into a semicircular cross section so as to match the reduced log shape. As a result, when this wooden material is recovered, the diameter increases to the entire circumference, but by placing it in a roughly cylindrical mold in advance, the long wooden surface becomes uneven on the inner periphery of the mold. Corresponding curved surface processing.
[0012]
In the invention of the present application , the above-described molded wood material is fixed . Songs surface processed wood material is in a state of completely not have recovered Incidentally temporarily fixed. Therefore, by fixing this, the re-recovery when wetted or the like is restricted is regulated, and the curved surface processed shape is maintained.
[0013]
Furthermore, in the invention of the present application , the above-described immobilization is obtained by placing a wood material under high-temperature steam, and the immobilization can be performed as a series of processes together with the recovery and curved surface processing.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
Example 1
First, as an embodiment of the invention described in claims 1 and 3 , a process for manufacturing a container used for a container case from a wooden material will be described .
As the raw material of this embodiment, the original material of cedar having a diameter of about 23 cm is cut into a circular shape having a length of about 15 cm, and the left and right sides of the log are sliced to use a wooden material 10 cut into a drum as shown in FIG. . Further, the high-pressure vessel 1 used for processing is provided with a press machine 2 provided above the vessel and pressed downward inside the vessel, as shown in FIG. The inside is set to a desired high temperature and pressure.
[0016]
First, the wooden material 10 that has been cut into drums is placed under the press in the high-pressure vessel, and is placed in a direction in which the sliced surface is a side surface. When the lid of the high-pressure container is closed, the container is filled with water vapor at 100 to 120 ° C., and after about 1 hour, the internal woody material 10 is softened and compressed with a press. As an example, compression to a thickness of about 10 cm with a pressure of 10 to 20 kg / cm 2 can be mentioned. In this case, the compressed wood material 10 ′ has a cubic shape of 15 cm long × 20 cm wide × 10 cm high.
[0017]
Next, the pressure of the high-pressure vessel is reduced while the wooden material is completely compressed, thereby temporarily fixing the wooden material. Next, the temporarily fixed wood material 10 ′ is taken out and sliced vertically at intervals of 15 mm as shown in FIG. Thereby, a large number of plate members 2 having a thickness of about 15 mm can be cut out. Therefore, the plate material 11 is compressed in the width direction X of the plate surface.
[0018]
Next, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, the plate members 11 are set on the tonet 50 one by one, and a desired number of sheets are laminated and bent together. The plate material 11 is bent along a direction Y (mainly the fiber direction) perpendicular to the previous compression direction X. At this time, in this embodiment, the bending process is performed so that the cross section becomes an arc shape by bending in one direction. Therefore, in other words, it is a bending process into a shape in which a cylinder is vertically divided. In the bending process, the laminated plate materials 11, 11,... Are sandwiched between a pair of upper and lower molds 5a, 5b corresponding to the bent shape as shown in the figure, and this is placed in the high-pressure vessel 1 to the press machine 2. set. Subsequently, after the high-pressure vessel 1 is again filled with water vapor at 100 to 120 ° C. and the plate material 11 is softened for about 20 minutes, the die 5b is pressed by the press machine 2 to perform a bending process. Thereafter, the pressure is reduced and the plate material 11 ′ is temporarily fixed in a bent state.
[0019]
The tonet 50 is removed from the plate material 11 ′, the bent plate material 11 ′ is taken out, and one of the plates is sandwiched between a pair of opposed press dies 6a and 6b that are molded into a container shape as shown in FIGS. In a vertical cylinder 60 as a blocking wall made of stainless steel while maintaining a horizontal posture. At this time, the press dies 6a and 6b and the plate material 11 ′ have the same peripheral shape, and the inner peripheral shape of the vertical cylinder 60 is also matched. The plate material 11 ′ sandwiched between the press dies 6 a and 6 b and put in the vertical cylinder 60 is placed in the high-pressure vessel 1 and set in the press machine 2.
[0020]
Next, the high-pressure vessel 1 is filled with water vapor at 100 to 120 ° C., and the plate material 11 ′ is softened over about 2 hours. The plate material 11 ′ temporarily fixed as it softens begins to recover, but the press dies 6a and 6b are pressed in accordance with this recovery, and the plate material 11 ′ is thereby molded into a bowl shape.
This molding involves bending the plate surface 11 'in the XY direction. If the compression direction is assumed to be the X direction, recovery / expansion of the plate material in the X direction follows the X direction bending of the press die. Therefore, it is easy to bend in this direction.
Further, if the bending direction is the Y direction, the bending in the Y direction formed by the press dies 6a and 6b is preliminarily performed by the bending of the plate material 11 ', so that the bending in this direction is facilitated. Therefore, the bending process performed in advance does not have to be a shape corresponding to the final molded shape, and the length of the concave curved surface side of the bending is approximately the length of the concave surface side of the final product. To do.
[0021]
The role of the vertical cylinder 60 as a blocking wall is as follows.
First, the plate material 11 ′ expands in the recovery direction X, but expansion from the periphery of the press dies 6a and 6b to the outside is blocked by the vertical cylinder 60, and the recovery force corresponding to the unevenness on the press dies 6a and 6b. As a result, the unevenness is sufficiently packed and molded well.
When the width of the plate material 11 ′ in the compression direction X is shorter than that of the press dies 6a and 6b, when any of the plate materials 11 ′ recovers in a state of being caught by the press dies 6a and 6b, the plate material 11 ′ expands around the caught portion. However, there is an inconvenience that the plate 11 'expands to only one side when it is caught in a biased manner and protrudes from the press dies 6a and 6b, and thus is formed out of the press dies 6a and 6b. Even in such a case, since the vertical cylinder prevents the protrusion, the plate material is placed in a predetermined position with respect to the press dies 6a and 6b, and is molded into a desired vessel shape.
Further, although the plate material 11 ′ before being molded is in a state of being bent, the bending may return before being molded in the process of softening over time. In this case, if the bending direction width Y of the plate member 11 ′ is made equal to the passing width of the corresponding vertical cylinder 60, it can be supported by the vertical cylinder 60 and the return of bending can be prevented.
[0022]
When mold forming is performed as described above, the inside of the high-pressure vessel 1 is filled with 180 ° C. steam while being pressed, and a fixing process is performed for about 10 minutes. Thereafter, natural cooling is performed together with decompression, and when the mold is removed, a container A for small items illustrated in FIG. 9 is completed.
[0023]
In addition, the specific method of temporary fixing formed in each said place can be selected with the waiting time from temporary fixing to the following process. For example, if the waiting time is short, the softening temperature may be temporarily fixed so that the softening temperature does not recover at about room temperature by processing at a relatively high temperature of about 120 to 150 ° C. Treat at low temperature and temporarily fix by drying for 1 day.
In addition, immobilization may be omitted if the molded product is not exposed to water like an interior member in the room and there is no possibility of recovery even in a temporarily fixed state.
[0024]
Next, although another Example is described, in the following Examples 2-4, description of a part similar to the above, such as a high-pressure vessel and a softening method, is abbreviate | omitted and demonstrated.
[0025]
(Example 2)
First, as an embodiment of the invention as set forth in claim 2 , a process for manufacturing a container used for small items from wooden materials will be described. After or not a plate material (12 mm thickness × 200 mm width × 300 mm length) was softened with steam under the same manner as described above 120 ° C., subjected to bending processing in the longitudinal direction by Thonet, inner diameter 36.5mm as shown in FIG. 10 Make it cylindrical. The cylindrical plate member 20 is placed in a stainless steel double cylinder (not shown). At this time, the cylindrical plate member 20 is compressed while being guided by being sandwiched between the inner tube and the outer tube. Specifically, the cylindrical plate member 20 is softened. In this state, it is compressed to about 1/3 of the width direction (cylinder length direction) and temporarily fixed. Moreover, one plate member 20 ′ obtained by vertically dividing the plate 20 ′ is set in a pair of press dies 7a and 7b as shown in FIG. 11 forming a female mold and a male mold, and recovered under steam at 100 ° C. Press while pressing. After forming into a bowl shape, the plate thickness is halved by re-compression and fixed under steam at 180 ° C. to finally obtain bowl A ′.
The bowl A ′ can be manufactured by the method of the first embodiment, so that it will be briefly described although not shown. First, the plate material is compressed in the plate surface width direction and temporarily fixed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, bent in a direction different from the compression direction, and bent in the same cylindrical half shape as in FIG. The plate material in this state is set in the press mold of the bowl in the same manner as in the first half of the present embodiment, and is pressed while being recovered for molding.
[0026]
(Example 3)
Next, as an embodiment of the invention described in claim 4, a manufacturing process of, for example, a Buddhist image or other figurine from a wooden material will be described. This embodiment also serves as the embodiment of claims 1 and 2. First, the wood material 30 made of cedar square is softened under water vapor at 100 to 120 ° C. As shown in FIG. 13 after being softened, it is compressed and temporarily fixed by the press machine 2 from the side face in the fiber direction. Next, the wood material 30 ′ is inserted into a mold 8 having an insertion port as shown in FIG. 14 and having a female mold space 8y of a desired shape inside the insertion port 8x. At that time, the insertion port 6x is formed in a shape having a width corresponding to the thickness of the compressed wood material. Mold 8 is degradable form, obtaining thereby demolding to ornament B of Figure 15, which is processed into a desired shape.
In the present embodiment, the three-dimensional processing is shown using a wood material of a square as a raw material, but it is not limited to a square and may have any shape.
[0027]
Example 4
As an embodiment according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a process of manufacturing a handrail, a table leg, a figurine, and the like from a long wooden material will be described.
First, in a state in which a long wood material 40 such as a log material or a square material is softened, it is reduced in diameter by being pressed into a grooved press die 9 having a tapered cross section as shown in FIG. The grooved press die 9 has a groove 9a that forms the bottom of the taper that forms the inner surface of a half-cylinder, and the press-fitting die 9b that press-fits also forms the inner surface of the half-cylinder, and is long when pressed. The wooden material 40 is compressed almost uniformly toward the axis. Further, the grooved press die 9 can be divided vertically so that the compressed wood material 40 can be easily removed. The long wood material 40 'compressed in this way is temporarily fixed and, as shown in FIG. 17, is put in a substantially cylindrical mold 80 having a desired inner surface shape and capable of being vertically divided, and recovered. An example of such processing includes a table leg B ′ shown in FIG. If the desired shape is a concentric cross-section, it can be easily manufactured by the conventional method of cutting by rotating the log, but if the cross-section is non-concentric or the surface is uneven, such a conventional method It is difficult. In this regard, according to the manufacturing method of the present application, it can be manufactured easily and with a good finish, and can be used as a substitute for a precisely engraved wooden engraving.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present patent application of the invention, since the restoring put compressed wood material in the mold, the wood material to be expanded by recovery it can be packaged in unevenness of the mold, thereby facilitating a three-dimensional processing of wood material. Further, at this time, since no tensile portion is generated, cracking does not occur and processing with a high degree of freedom is possible.
[0029]
Further , since the mold is pressed during the recovery to assist the mold forming, the wooden material is more fully filled with the unevenness of the mold, and the processing degree is promoted.
[0030]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the three-dimensional processing of the plate material is facilitated, and the manufacture of the wood product represented by the container shape and the container shape is facilitated.
[0031]
According to invention of Claim 1, the difficulty of the operation | work accompanying the compression to the board surface direction of a board | plate material is removable.
[0032]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to draw sufficient scheduled effect of the invention of claim 1 or 2, wherein, to convert the push stuffed into the mold without releasing the expansion force such as by the recovery, a press-type Can be used for 3D processing without missing the bending caused by the bending process.
[0033]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the wood material is recovered, compression is performed from a direction perpendicular to the recovery direction, so that the expansion by the recovery is assisted and the mold is sufficiently formed. Molding is also performed by the compression performed at the time of recovery.
[0034]
According to invention of Claim 5 , it is excellent in the surrounding surface process of a long wooden material.
[0035]
Further , according to the invention of the present application , since the molded product described above is fixed, even if moisture is absorbed by water wetting or the like, compression is not recovered, and shape maintenance is excellent.
[0036]
Further , according to the invention of the present application, the high pressure vessel used for the softening process and the recovery process can be shared, so that the equipment burden is reduced, and the process from the recovery process to the immobilization can be continued. Further, since an adhesive or the like is unnecessary, a step of adding the adhesive or a synthetic adhesive that is generally used when discarding a molded product is not included, so that it is easy to dispose of decay and incineration.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is one of FIGS. 1 to 9 according to the first embodiment, and is a perspective view of a drum-cut wood material obtained by slicing the left and right sides of a log obtained by slicing the original cedar. .
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for compressing the wood material shown in FIG. 1 in a high-pressure vessel.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a wood material compressed by the method shown in FIG. 2 is sliced in the compression direction X.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which a plate material to which a tonet is attached is bent, and shows a state of bending in a direction Y perpendicular to the compression direction X.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a plate material is bent in a high-pressure vessel.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a plate material that has been subjected to compression treatment and bending treatment is set in a container-type press die and is put into a vertical cylinder as a blocking wall.
7 is an explanatory diagram for setting and molding each member of FIG. 6, and shows a cross section cut in the X direction of FIG.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of setting and molding each member of FIG. 6, and shows a cross section cut in the Y direction of FIG.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a molded vessel.
FIG. 10 is one of FIGS. 10 to 12 according to the second embodiment, and is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the cylinder is compressed, also serving as a perspective view of the cylinder made of a bent plate material.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a state in which a plate material subjected to compression processing and bending processing is set in a bowl-shaped press die.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a completed bowl.
FIG. 13 is one of FIGS. 13 to 15 according to the third embodiment, and is an explanatory view of a state in which a side surface of a square bar is compressed.
FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of standing up a square bar compressed by the press shown in FIG.
FIG. 15 is a view of the finished product after demolding.
FIG. 16 is one of FIGS. 16 to 18 according to Example 4, and is a partial perspective view of a state in which a long wood material is press-fitted into a groove-shaped press die. It also shows how the mold can be disassembled for demolding.
FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of a state in which a long wooden material whose diameter has been compressed is placed in a substantially cylindrical mold that can be divided vertically.
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a table leg obtained by molding.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High-pressure vessel 2 Press machine 5a, 5b Mold 6a, 6b, Press mold 7a, 7b Press mold 8 Mold 9 Press mold 11, 11 ', 20, 20' Plate material 30, 30 ', 40, 40' Wood material 50 Tonetto 60 Vertical cylinder as blocking wall A A container for small items A 'Porridge B Figurine B' Table leg

Claims (5)

( a ) A wood material compressed in a softened state is temporarily fixed by hydrogen bonds formed between tissues constraining elastic deformation of microfibrils, and the wood material is cut in the compression direction to Compression processing to obtain a plate material;
( b ) bending the plate material in a direction different from the compression direction;
In this order,
While expanding to recover the applied plate material, press and mold with a pair of opposed press dies,
Furthermore, the three-dimensional processing method of the wood material characterized by having fixed this molded wood material under high temperature steam . For wooden boards
(a) a compression treatment in which the hydrogen bond formed between the tissues is compressed in the softened state and temporarily fixed to constrain the elastic deformation of the microfibril;
(b) performing a bending process in the plate width direction different from the compression direction, regardless of the processing order;
While expanding to recover the applied plate material, press and mold with a pair of opposed press dies ,
Furthermore, the three-dimensional processing method of the wood material characterized by having fixed this molded wood material under high temperature steam . 3. The three-dimensional processing of a woody material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an expansion for recovering the plate material and / or a blocking wall for preventing the return of bending is provided around the plate material for expansion. Method. After compressing the wood material in the softened state from one side and temporarily fixing the hydrogen bond formed between the tissues to restrain the elastic deformation of the microfibril, it is positioned in the mold of the desired shape, Compressed and molded from the side of the direction perpendicular to the compression direction while expanding for recovery ,
Furthermore, the three-dimensional processing method of the wood material characterized by having fixed this molded wood material under high temperature steam . The softened wood material having a posture in which the long direction is aligned with the groove direction of a grooved press die having a tapered cross section in a state in which a long wood material such as a log or a square is softened , and the groove It is reduced in diameter by press-fitting into a cylindrical press die, and the hydrogen bonds formed between the tissues are temporarily fixed to constrain the elastic deformation of the microfibrils, making this wooden material into a substantially cylindrical die that can be divided vertically. Molded by inflating to recover by putting in,
Furthermore, the three-dimensional processing method of the wood material characterized by having fixed this molded wood material under high temperature steam .

Images