JP3955586B2 - Fixing device, fixing method, and processing device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for fixing an object when the object is processed by a processing apparatus or the like.

  A processing apparatus for machining parts or the like is provided with a fixing device (jig) for fixing the parts. As a fixing device, a structure is generally used in which parts are manually fixed using screws. However, when processing a large amount of parts, the parts are automatically fixed after setting the parts, and automatically when the processing is completed. In particular, an automated fixing device is required to release the parts. This type of fixing device includes a clamping table on which components are installed, and a pressure contact portion that presses against the components, and the components are clamped and fixed between the clamping table and the pressure contact portions.

  In the conventional fixing device, there is a problem in that the press contact portion cannot accurately contact the component, and the component is inclined at the time of fixing, thereby increasing a processing error. Especially in the precision machining field, even if it seems that the press contact part is in close contact with the part, the processing error increases only by a slight difference in surface pressure within the area in contact with the part. It had the problem of becoming a defective part.

  Further, when the component is inclined for some reason, there is a problem in that the pressure contact portion comes into contact with the inclined component and the component is damaged and cannot be used as a component. For example, stress concentration may occur in the generated scratch, which may reduce the life of the part, and even a small scratch may not be used as a product.

  There has also been a need to improve the working environment of workers by minimizing noise when clamping parts in a fixing device.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a fixing technique capable of accurately fixing components. Another object of the present invention is to improve the working environment by improving the machining accuracy of the parts and further ensuring the quietness of the machining apparatus.

  The above object is achieved by the following means.

(1) A fixing device for fixing an object to be processed at the time of the processing, and the object between the holding table on which the object is abutted and pressed against the object and the holding table A pressure contact part for holding and fixing an object; a holding part for holding the pressure contact part; and a moving part for supporting the holding part and moving the holding part and the pressure contact part integrally. The pressure contact side sliding surface that contacts at least the holding portion during pressure contact is formed in a convex spherical state, and the holding side sliding surface facing the pressure contact side sliding surface is a concave spherical surface in the holding portion. It is formed in a state, by the pressure contact portion through the holding side sliding surface and said pressure side sliding surface slides allows changing the pressure angle of the pressure-contacting portion in accordance with the angular position of the object The pressure contact portion is configured in a ring shape, and the inner space secured by the ring shape is Is an an object can be inserted workable machining mechanism, the fixing device, characterized in that the ring shape of the contact portion are substantially C-shaped.

(2) The fixing device according to (1), wherein the pressure-contact side sliding surface formed at the pressure-contact portion integrally includes a phase difference of at least 180 degrees.

(3) The fixing device according to (1) or (2) , wherein a predetermined gap is formed between the pressure-contact side sliding surface and the holding-side sliding surface.

(4) In the above (3), the fixing device is characterized in that either the pressure contact portion or the holding portion is provided with a gap cover that suppresses entry of foreign matter by covering the gap.

(5) In any one of the above (1) to (4) , a holding pin that communicates the pressure contact portion and the holding portion is provided, and the pressure contact portion is prevented from dropping from the holding portion by the holding pin. A fixing device characterized by that.

(6) The fixing device according to (5) , wherein a predetermined gap is further formed between the holding pin and a pin hole into which the holding pin is inserted in the pressure contact portion.

(7) In any one of the above (1) to (6) , it further includes a rotating mechanism that retreats the pressure contact portion from the object by further supporting the moving portion so as to be rotatable. Fixing device.

(8) In the above (7), the rotating mechanism is connected to the moving part and rotatably supports the moving part, and the rotating shaft is held so as to be movable in the axial direction. A shaft holding part, an axial drive part provided on the turning shaft for reciprocating the turning shaft in the axial direction, two or more cams provided on one of the turning shaft and the shaft holding part, A fixing device comprising: a cam structure having two or more cam followers provided on the other side and rotating the rotation shaft in accordance with the movement of the rotation shaft in the axial direction.

(9) In the above (7), the rotating mechanism is connected to the moving part and rotatably supports the moving part, and holds the rotating shaft movably in the axial direction. A shaft holding portion, a rotation direction driving portion provided on the rotation shaft for rotating the rotation shaft, two or more cams provided on one of the rotation shaft and the shaft holding portion, and the other A fixing device comprising: two or more cam followers provided, and a cam structure that moves the rotation shaft in the axial direction along with the rotation of the rotation shaft.

(10) In the above (8) or (9), the rotation mechanism includes a proximity sensor capable of detecting the approach / separation of the cam follower in the cam structure, and the proximity sensor detects the rotation shaft. A fixing device characterized in that a rotation state can be detected.

(11) A processing apparatus that processes an object, comprising: a processing mechanism that processes the object; and the fixing device according to any one of (1) to (10) that fixes the object. A processing apparatus characterized by that.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to satisfactorily fix the object to be processed, and to increase the processing accuracy of the part. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of contact scratches on the parts during processing, and to improve the quality of the product.

  Hereinafter, examples of embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a processing apparatus 1 for processing a workpiece 10. The processing apparatus 1 includes a fixing device (jig) 2 for fixing the object 10 and a processing mechanism 3 for processing the component 10 fixed to the fixing device 2. The processing mechanism 3 is provided with a drill, a cutter or the like as appropriate, and cuts the object 10, opens a hole, or cuts it.

  The fixing device 2 includes a holding table 20 on which the object 10 is abutted and arranged so as to set a processing reference plane, a pressing portion 22 that holds and fixes the object 10 in cooperation with the holding table 20, and this pressing A holding portion 24 that holds the portion 22, a moving arm 26 that is connected to the holding portion 24 and moves the pressing portion 22 and the holding portion 24 integrally, and a pressing portion that rotatably supports the moving arm 26. A rotation mechanism 50 for retracting 22 from the object 10 is provided.

  As shown in an enlarged view in the top view of FIG. 2, the bottom view of FIG. 3, and the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, the press contact portion 22 is configured in a ring shape. Accordingly, the machining mechanism 3 such as a drill is inserted into the internal space N so that the component 10 can be machined. More specifically, when the pressure contact portion 22 is viewed as a whole, the ring shape has a shape in which a partial region thereof is missing, that is, a substantially C shape. Therefore, in general, the machining mechanism 3 is often lowered with respect to the component 10 from above, but the machining mechanism 3 may be inserted in the horizontal direction from the lacked region. Similarly, the holding portion 24 for holding the pressure contact portion 22 has a substantially C-shaped ring shape.

  As shown in FIG. 3, three press contact protrusions 22 </ b> B are provided on the lower surface of the press contact portion 22 (the surface facing the component 10). Actually, the pressing protrusion 22B comes into contact with the component 10 and is fixed. Thereby, the contact range with the component 10 is reduced, and the component 10 is prevented from being damaged. Furthermore, when the upper surface of the component 10 (the surface facing the pressure contact portion 22) is not a flat surface and there are irregularities, the amount of protrusion of each pressure contact projection 22B should be set appropriately according to the irregularities. Is also preferable.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the pressure contact portion 22 is formed with a pressure contact side sliding surface 22 </ b> A in contact with the holding portion 24 in a spherical state. On the other hand, the holding side sliding surface 24A is formed in a spherical state in the holding portion 24 so as to face the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A. The pressure-contact-side sliding surface 22A is a spherical surface that protrudes outward, and the opposing holding-side sliding surface 24A is a spherical surface that is concave. Accordingly, when the holding portion 24 moves downward and the component 10 is fixed via the pressure contact portion 22, the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A and the holding side sliding surface 24A come into contact with each other. At that time, the holding angle of the pressure contact portion 22 can be automatically changed by sliding the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A with reference to the holding side sliding surface 24A. As a result, according to the angle state of the upper surface of the component 10, the press contact portion 22 is pressed at an optimum angle.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, in the ring shape of the pressure contact portion 22, the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A formed on the outer periphery integrally includes a phase difference T exceeding at least 180 degrees. Is set to As shown in FIG. 4, when the pressure contact portion 22 is held by the holding portion 24, holding forces H1 and H2 are generated from the holding side sliding surface 24A to the pressure contact portion 22. If the pressure-contact-side sliding surface 22A integrally includes a phase difference of 180 degrees or more, the horizontal component forces in the holding forces H1 and H2 can be canceled in the pressure-contact portion 22. become. As a result, the posture of the pressure contact portion 22 can be stabilized when the component 10 is sandwiched.

  Further, a predetermined gap 30 is formed between the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A and the holding side sliding surface 24A, and a gap cover 32 is provided so as to cover the gap 30 on the surface. Yes. The gap 30 is provided in this way when the pressure contact portion 22 descends and comes into contact with the component 10 and at the same time the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A and the holding side sliding surface 24A come into contact with each other. The pressure contact portion 22 can automatically adjust the posture together with the component 10 within a very short time. That is, in the present embodiment, the posture of the pressure contact portion 22 is optimized as much as possible within the time when the gap 30 is closed, and thereafter, fine adjustment can be performed by sliding on the sliding surfaces 22A and 24A. As a result, the component 10 can be fixed extremely quietly and stably. The gap cover 32 covers the gap 30 from above, thereby preventing foreign matter from entering the gap 30 during processing.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in order to prevent the pressure contact portion 22 from falling off the holding portion 24, a holding pin 34 communicates the pressure contact portion 22 and the holding portion 24. Specifically, two holding pins 34 are arranged with a phase difference of 180 degrees, and each holding pin 34 has a through hole 24 </ b> B formed in the holding portion 24 and a pin hole 22 </ b> C formed in the press contact portion 22. Is inserted continuously. A retaining cover 38 that covers the through hole 24B is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the holding portion 24 to prevent the holding pin 34 itself housed in the through hole 24B from dropping off.

  Further, a predetermined pin gap 36 is secured between the holding pin 34 and the pin hole 22 </ b> C in the press contact portion 22. This is because, as already described with reference to the gap 30, it is preferable to ensure free movement of the pressure contact portion 22 within the range of the gap 30. Therefore, the holding pin 34 is not intended to completely fix the pressure contact portion 22 but functions as an engaging member for preventing the drop-off, and by ensuring a sufficient pin gap 36, the free angle of the pressure contact portion 22 can be secured. Allowing change.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the rotation mechanism 50 in the fixing device 2 includes a rotation shaft 52, a cylindrical shaft holding portion 54, and an axial direction drive portion 56 installed on the lower end side of the rotation shaft 52. A cam structure 58 formed between the rotary shaft 52 and the shaft holding portion 54 and an external cover 60 that covers the shaft holding portion 54 from the outside are provided. The rotation shaft 52 is arranged so that the axis line coincides with the vertical direction, and the moving arm 26 is connected to the upper end of the rotation shaft 52. Therefore, it is possible to support the movable arm 26 so as to be rotatable (or swingable) by its own rotational movement. The shaft holding portion 54 is adapted to guide the rotation shaft 52 in the axial direction by accommodating the rotation shaft 52 inside the cylinder. The axial drive unit 56 includes a piston 56A that is specifically fixed to the lower end of the rotation shaft 52, and a piston case 56B that forms a pressure chamber 56C by accommodating the piston 56A inside. Hydraulic pressure is introduced into the pressure chamber 56C, and the rotary shaft 52 is urged in the axial direction to reciprocate.

  The cam structure 58 includes a cam groove 58A formed in the shaft holding portion 54, and a cam follower 58B that is installed on the rotating shaft 52 and is movable along the cam groove 58A. As specifically shown in FIG. 6, the shaft holding portion 54 is formed with two cam grooves 58A, and a cam follower 58B is inserted into each of the cam grooves 58A. The two sets of cam structures 58 are prepared in this way, the balance of the external force acting on the rotating shaft 52 is made uniform, the inclination of the rotating shaft 52 is prevented, and the error in fixing the component 10 is minimized. This is to reduce.

  Returning to FIG. 5, the outer cover 60 covers the shaft holding portion 54 and the cam mechanism 58 to prevent foreign matter from entering the cam mechanism 58. Further, two proximity sensors 62 are disposed in the outer cover 60 at positions corresponding to the internal cam grooves 58A. The proximity sensor 62 detects the rotating state of the rotating shaft 52 by detecting the cam follower 58B moving in the cam groove 58A. This detection information is transmitted to a hydraulic control device (not shown) so as to control the drive state of the axial drive unit 56. Thus, by directly detecting the cam follower 58B by the proximity sensor 62, highly accurate and reliable positioning control is possible.

  Next, the overall operation of the fixing device 2 in the processing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, FIG. 7 shows a state in which the fixing device 2 opens the component 10. When the axial drive unit 56 moves the rotation shaft 52 to the uppermost position, the rotation shaft 52 is rotated by the action of the cam structure 58. As a result, the moving arm 26 is fixed in a state of being rotated about 90 degrees with respect to the direction in which the component 10 is arranged. The pressure contact portion 22 for fixing the component 10 is disposed in a state of being retracted upward and horizontally with respect to the component 10.

  On the other hand, when the hydraulic control is switched and the axial drive unit 56 moves the rotation shaft 52 to the lowermost position, the rotation shaft 52 is rotated by the action of the cam structure 58 as shown in FIG. As a result, the moving arm 26 moves downward while moving to the component 10 side. Finally, the pressing portion 22 abuts on the upper surface of the component 10, so that the component 10 is moved in cooperation with the clamping table 20. Fix it. At that time, as already described with reference to FIG. 4 and the like, the pressure contact portion 22 adapts its angle to the component 10. Even if the pressure contact portion 22 is inclined with respect to the horizontal state, the pressure contact portion 22 is held by the holding portion 24 via the spherical pressure contact side sliding surface 22A and the holding side sliding surface 24A. Thus, the clamping force can be effectively transmitted to the component 10. In particular, since the pressure contact portion 22 can adjust its own posture without load by the gap 30 secured between the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A and the holding side sliding surface 24A, it is possible to suppress damage to the component 10. The

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the case where the press contact portion 22 abuts against the component 10 from above is shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, as in the processing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 9, the clamping table 120 may be fixedly arranged on the upper side, and the component 110 may be clamped by raising the pressure contact part 122. In this case, in a state where the pressure contact portion 122 is separated from the clamping table 120, the component 110 is arranged on the pressure contact portion 122 in advance, and the moving arm 126 rotates and rises to convey the component 110 to the clamping table 120. It becomes possible to fix. That is, the fixing device 102 also functions as a conveying device for the component 110. In addition, regarding parts / members or the like that are the same as or similar to the processing apparatus 1 that has already been described, the last two digits of the reference numerals are made to match those of the processing apparatus 1, so that individual descriptions are omitted.

  Moreover, in these embodiments, although the case where the shape of the press-contact part 22 was substantially C-shaped was shown, this invention is not limited to it. Within the range in which the object of the present invention can be realized, the pressure contact portion 22 may be formed of a plurality of members, or may have a shape other than the ring. In the present embodiment, the pressure-contact-side sliding surface 22A formed in the pressure-contact portion 22 includes the entire 180 ° angle range as one surface, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, even if the pressure-contact side sliding surface 22A is partially divided (divided), when the divided pressure-contact side sliding surface 22A is viewed comprehensively, it is about 180 degrees. If it includes a phase difference, it is within the same concept. In short, when the pressure contact portion 22 is held by the holding portion 24, horizontal component forces (for example, H1, H2, and H3 in FIG. 10) acting on the pressure contact side sliding surface 22A cancel out in the pressure contact portion 22. This means that it is preferable that the situation be

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the rotational shaft is moved in the axial direction by the axial direction drive unit and the rotational motion is generated using the cam structure, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the rotational axis may be positively rotated by the rotational direction drive unit, and an axial motion may be added to the rotational motion by using a cam structure. Although the case where hydraulic pressure is used as the power source of the axial drive unit is shown here, other power sources other than the hydraulic pressure, for example, air pressure or an electric motor can be used.

  In the present embodiment, a case where a strict spherical surface (partial spherical surface) is employed as the sliding surface is shown. However, it is practical to require a very strict spherical surface in consideration of the processing accuracy limit and manufacturing cost. Not. In short, even if the angle of the pressure contact portion 22 changes, as long as the holding portion 24 is in a spherical state within a range in which the pressure contact portion 24 can be firmly held by spherical contact, the object of the present invention is achieved regardless of the accuracy. Is achieved.

  The technology relating to the present invention can be used in various jigs in a processing apparatus. In particular, it can be used in situations where it is desired to fix the member with high accuracy.

Overall view showing a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention Top view partially showing a fixing device in the processing apparatus Bottom view partially showing a fixing device in the processing apparatus IV-IV arrow sectional view in FIG. Assembly drawing showing the structure of the rotation mechanism in the processing device The expanded view which shows the shape of the shaft holding part in the rotation mechanism in an enlarged manner Partial sectional view showing a state in which parts are opened in the fixing device The fragmentary sectional view which shows the state which is fixing the components in the fixing device Overall view showing an example of another processing apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention Top and side views showing the structure of another press-contact part in the fixing device

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing apparatus 2 Fixing apparatus 3 Processing mechanism 10 Parts 20 Clamping base 22 Pressure contact part 22C Pin hole 24 Holding part 26 Moving arm 30 Gap 32 Gap cover 34 Holding pin 36 Pin gap 50 Turning mechanism 52 Turning shaft 54 Shaft holding part 56 Axial drive 58 cam structure

Claims (11)

A fixing device for fixing an object to be processed at the time of the processing,
A clamping table on which the object is placed in contact;
A pressure-contact portion that is pressed against the object and clamps and fixes the object between the holding table;
A holding part for holding the pressure contact part;
A moving part that supports the holding part and moves the holding part and the pressure contact part integrally;
The pressure contact portion is formed with at least a pressure contact side sliding surface in contact with the holding portion during pressure contact in a convex spherical state, and the holding portion has a holding side sliding surface facing the pressure contact side sliding surface. Is formed in a concave spherical state,
The pressure contact portion slides through the pressure contact side sliding surface and the holding side sliding surface, so that the pressure contact angle of the pressure contact portion can be changed according to the angle state of the object ,
The pressure contact portion is configured in a ring shape, and a processing mechanism capable of processing the object can be inserted into an internal space secured by the ring shape.
The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the ring shape of the press contact portion is substantially C-shaped. In claim 1,
The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-contact-side sliding surface formed in the pressure-contact portion integrally includes a phase difference of at least 180 degrees. In claim 1 or 2,
A fixing device, wherein a predetermined gap is formed between the pressure contact side sliding surface and the holding side sliding surface. In claim 3 ,
Either the pressure contact part or the holding part is provided with a gap cover that covers the gap and prevents entry of foreign matter. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 ,
A fixing device comprising a holding pin that communicates the pressure contact portion and the holding portion, and the holding pin prevents the pressure contact portion from falling off the holding portion. In claim 5 , further:
A fixing device, wherein a predetermined gap is formed between the holding pin and a pin hole into which the holding pin is inserted in the pressure contact portion. In any one of claims 1 to 6, by supporting freely further rotating the moving part, locking device characterized in that it comprises a turning mechanism for retracting the pressure contact portion from the object. The rotation mechanism according to claim 7 ,
A rotating shaft coupled to the moving part and rotatably supporting the moving part;
A shaft holding part for holding the rotating shaft movably in the axial direction;
An axial drive unit provided on the rotation shaft to reciprocate the rotation shaft in the axial direction;
It has two or more cams provided on one of the rotation shaft and the shaft holding portion and two or more cam followers provided on the other, and the rotation shaft rotates with the movement of the rotation shaft in the axial direction. A cam structure
A fixing device comprising: The rotation mechanism according to claim 7 ,
A rotating shaft coupled to the moving part and rotatably supporting the moving part;
A shaft holding section for holding the rotating shaft movably in the axial direction;
A rotation direction drive unit provided on the rotation shaft to rotate the rotation shaft;
It has two or more cams provided on one of the rotating shaft and the shaft holding portion and two or more cam followers provided on the other, and moves the rotating shaft in the axial direction as the rotating shaft rotates. A cam structure
A fixing device comprising: The rotation mechanism according to claim 8 or 9 ,
A fixing device comprising: a proximity sensor capable of detecting the approach / separation of the cam follower in the cam structure, wherein the rotation state of the rotation shaft can be detected by the proximity sensor. A processing device for processing an object,
A processing mechanism for processing the object;
The fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , which fixes the object;
A processing apparatus comprising:

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