JP3953933B2 - Water supply system - Google Patents

Water supply system Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3953933B2
JP3953933B2 JP2002302677A JP2002302677A JP3953933B2 JP 3953933 B2 JP3953933 B2 JP 3953933B2 JP 2002302677 A JP2002302677 A JP 2002302677A JP 2002302677 A JP2002302677 A JP 2002302677A JP 3953933 B2 JP3953933 B2 JP 3953933B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
water
reservoir
water supply
channel
supply system
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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JP2002302677A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004137737A (en
Inventor
文一 熊谷
好子 千代鶴
泰典 橋本
恒雄 小野寺
正 田中
重幸 伊藤
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Mitsubishi Plastics Inc
Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Plastics Inc
Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002302677A priority Critical patent/JP3953933B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、用水の供給システムに関し、詳しくは、地区全体の消費用水量の低減を図れ、温水化機能等も備えた用水の供給システムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図3は、従来の水田への用水供給システムを示す概略系統図であって、河川11から水路12を経て幹線給水路13に導かれた用水は、各給水路14に分取されてそれぞれの水田15に供給されるようになっている。また、水田15の余剰水は、排水路16に排出された後、幹線排水路17を経て河川等に還流される。さらに、幹線給水路13における余剰水も、幹線排水路17を経て河川等に還流されるようになっている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。なお、必要に応じて水路12と幹線給水路13との間に溜池が設けられることがあり、各水路の分岐点には、取水工や配水槽が設けられ、要所には除塵機が設けられている。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−239423号公報(段落番号0002−0003、第6図)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし従来のシステムでは、余剰水をそのまま河川等に排出しているため、水路12に取り込む用水量が多大なものとなっており、給排水システムにおける各設備も、この用水量に応じた機能、能力を有するものを選定する必要があるため、設備コストが嵩むという問題があった。また、水田15に貯留されている状態の用水は、太陽熱によって暖められており、河川11から各水路を経て給水路14に供給される用水は、河川水の温度で、前記貯留水に比べて数℃以上も温度が低いのが普通であるから、大量の用水を水田15に補給すると、低温水による温度差から稲の生育に悪影響を与えることがある。
【0005】
そこで本発明は、設備コストの削減を図りながら消費用水量の低減を図ることができ、しかも、水田に供給する用水の温度差も解消することが可能な用水の供給システムを提供することを目的としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の用水の供給システムは、水路を流れる用水を圃場に供給するための用水の供給システムであって、前記水路に取水工を介して接続する浅水深の貯留池と、該貯留池からあらかじめ設定した範囲の圃場に用水を供給する給水路と、前記貯留池及び前記圃場における余剰水を排出する排水路と、該排水路に排出された余剰水を下流側の貯留池に再供給する用水回収路とを備え、前記貯留池は、その周囲の法面の角度が水平面に対して10〜30度の範囲に形成されているとともに地下に暗渠排水管が敷設されていることを特徴としている。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の一形態例を示す用水の供給システムの概略系統図、図2は貯留池の一例を示す断面図である。まず、図1に示すように、本発明の用水の供給システムは、水路12に取水工21を介して接続する浅水深の貯留池22と、該貯留池22からあらかじめ設定した範囲の圃場(水田15)に用水を供給する給水パイプ(給水路)23と、前記貯留池22及び水田15における余剰水を排出する排水パイプ(排水路)24と、該排水パイプ24に排出された余剰水を、該排水パイプ24から、あるいは、幹線排水路17や支線排水路から下流側の貯留池22に再供給する用水回収パイプ(用水回収路)25とを備えており、各水田15には、各水田に対応して前段に設けられている貯留池22に一時貯留された用水を供給するようにしている。
【0009】
すなわち、河川11から開放型の水路12に分岐した用水は、取水工21から主給水パイプ26に取水されて貯留池22に導かれ、この貯留池22に一旦貯留された状態になる。貯留池22は、図2に示すように、温水効果を得るために水深を最大でも30cm程度とした浅水深の池であって、例えば、水田における一筆分をこの貯留池22に利用することができる。この貯留池22の面積は、水田15が必要とする用水量によって異なるが、通常は、30〜50haの水田に対して1〜2haの貯留池を設置するようにすればよい。
【0010】
また、30cm程度の水深であれば、貯留池周囲の畦畔27も簡単な構造でよく、護岸や転落防止等の工事を省略して工事費用を安価に抑えることができる。この畦畔27からの漏水を防止するためには、畦畔27に遮水シート28を施工すればよい。さらに、畦畔27の角度を10〜30度の範囲の低角度、例えば15度程度に設定しておくことにより、波の浸食作用を回避して護岸工事や補修工事を省略することが可能となる。
【0011】
このような比較的広い面積で浅水深の貯留池22は、砂、泥等の濁質を沈殿分離させる効果を期待でき、落ち葉や草等を分離する効果も期待できるので、他の水田等からの排水を用水回収パイプ25から流入させるようにしても、該貯留池22から水田15に供給する用水にこれらが混入することがほとんどなくなる。また、貯留池22の面積を広くすることにより、降雨等による水位上昇を少なくすることができるので、該貯留池22から給水パイプ23に流入する用水の圧力変化を抑えることができる。
【0012】
さらに、貯留池22の地下に暗渠排水パイプ31を埋設しておき、水閘32を開くことによって貯留池22から排水できるように形成しておくことにより、灌漑終了後の乾田化を図ることができる。また、排水することによって貯留池22内にトラクター等を乗り入れることが可能となるので、草刈り(除草)や耕運を容易に行うことができ、貯留池22の維持管理を機械化することができる。なお、貯留池22からの排水は、前記暗渠排水パイプ31を用いるだけに限るものではなく、一般的な排水経路、排水手段で行うこともできる。
【0013】
加えて、貯留池22の一部、特に中心部に深水部33を設けておくことにより、貯留池22内から排水したときでも、魚類等の生息、繁殖場所を確保することができる。この深水部33は、魚類等が鳥類等の外敵から逃れることができるように、排水後でも50cm以上の水深を確保できるようにしておくことが好ましい。また、深水部33の面積は、貯留池22の面積、魚類の種類や生息数等によって異なるが、一般的には1〜2haの貯留池22に対して100〜150m程度あればよく、正方形であっても良いが、例えば、幅3m、長さ30m程度の細長い形状にしておくことにより、排水時における深水部33の様子を周辺から容易に確認できるので好ましい。
【0014】
前記水路12から貯留池22への給水は、前記取水工21にスクリーンやフィルター等のゴミ除去手段34を介して行うことが好ましい。これにより、空き缶や空き瓶、ポリ袋等が貯留池22内に流入することを防止できる。また、取水工21から主給水パイプ26に取水した用水は、水路12と貯留池22とにおける水位差に応じて適当な方法で貯留池22へ給水することができるが、通常は、フロート弁、ボールタップ等を使用した給水量制御器35を設けておき、貯留池22における水位を一定に保つようにして給水することが好ましい。
【0015】
これにより、必要最小限の用水を貯留池22に給水できるとともに、過剰の用水を供給して貯留池22から用水が溢れ出ることを防止できる。なお、用水回収パイプ25からの給水も同様に給水量制御器35を使用して行うことができるが、用水回収パイプ25からの給水を優先して行うように各給水量制御器35を設定しておくことにより、水田15等から排出された余剰水を、より有効に利用することができる。
【0016】
さらに、降雨時等に貯留池22の水位が上昇したときに備えて、オーバーフロー排水部36を設けておくことにより、洪水が発生するような状況でも、貯留池22から用水が溢れ出ることを防止でき、貯留池内に生息している魚類等を保護することができる。加えて、近隣の排水路や小河川と同水位になる位置に貯留池22を設置して水路を設けておくことにより、これらの排水路や小河川と貯留池22との間での魚類等の往来を可能とし、魚類等の生息、繁殖をより促進することができる。
【0017】
また、貯留池22から水田15への給水は、通常の給水操作と同様に、水田側に設けた水位設定器37を介して行われる。このときの貯留池22からの取水は、通常の取水工を介して行うようにしてもよく、フロート式取水器38を使用して表面の暖かい水を取水するようにしてもよい。なお、水位設定器37には、従来から用いられている各種構造のものを使用することができ、地下灌漑兼用のものを使用することもできる。また、水位設定器37のような給水栓と排水弁とを同一位置のボックス内に収納して用・排水管理を道路(農道)側からの片側操作にすることにより、水田15における用水管理を簡単かつ確実に行えるとともに、無効放流を防止することができる。
【0018】
さらに、貯留池22を浅水深にして太陽熱等による温水化を十分に行えるように形成し、貯留池内の用水温度を水田内の用水と略同じ温度にすることができるので、低温の用水が水田15内に流入することが無くなり、稲の生育に悪影響を及ぼすことがなくなる。加えて、浅水深によって動植物の生息や繁殖を促進することもできるので、いわゆるビオトープ機能も持たせることができ、自然環境の保護も図れるとともに、藻の発生による炭酸同化作用も期待できる。
【0019】
また、上流側の水田で一度使用した排水を再利用したり、山林原野の水も有効活用する反復水利用を基本とするため、地区全体における消費水量の大幅な節水を図ることができるので、水不足の問題も解消でき、河川の上流に設けられる用水確保用のダムの新設や既存のダムの嵩上げ工事等も不要とすることも可能となる。さらに、代掻きを行っている水田15から排出された水を下流側の貯留池22に流入させることにより、河川等への濁水の流入を無くすことが可能であり、河川等の環境保全にも役立つことになる。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の用水の供給システムによれば、浅水深の貯留池を設けて排水を再利用するようにしたので、地区全体の消費水量を大幅に削減することができる。また、浅水深の貯留池による温水化効果によって冷水が水田に流入することもなくなる。さらに、浅水深としたことによって動植物の生息や繁殖を促進することもでき、自然環境の保護も図れる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の一形態例を示す用水の供給システムの概略系統図である。
【図2】 貯留池の一例を示す断面図である。
【図3】 従来の水田への用水供給システムを示す概略系統図である。
【符号の説明】
11…河川、12…水路、15…水田、17…幹線排水路、21…取水工、22…貯留池、23…給水パイプ、24…排水パイプ、25…用水回収パイプ、26…主給水パイプ、27…畦畔、28…遮水シート、31…暗渠排水パイプ、32…水閘、33…深水部、34…ゴミ除去手段、35…給水量制御器、36…オーバーフロー排水部、37…水位設定器、38…フロート式取水器
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water supply system, and more particularly to a water supply system that can reduce the amount of water consumed in the entire district and has a warming function.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 3 is a schematic system diagram showing a conventional water supply system for paddy fields. The water supplied from the river 11 through the water channel 12 to the main water supply channel 13 is divided into the respective water supply channels 14 and is shown in FIG. It is supplied to the paddy field 15. In addition, surplus water in the paddy field 15 is discharged to the drainage channel 16 and then returned to the river or the like through the main drainage channel 17. Furthermore, surplus water in the main water supply channel 13 is also returned to a river or the like through the main water drainage channel 17 (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, a reservoir may be provided between the water channel 12 and the main water supply channel 13 as necessary, and a water intake and a water distribution tank are provided at the branch point of each water channel, and a dust remover is provided at an important point. It has been.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-239423 (paragraph numbers 0002-0003, FIG. 6)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional system, surplus water is discharged into the river as it is, so the amount of water to be taken into the water channel 12 is enormous, and each facility in the water supply / drainage system also has functions and capabilities according to this amount of water. Therefore, there is a problem that the equipment cost increases. Moreover, the water in the state of being stored in the paddy field 15 is warmed by solar heat, and the water supplied from the river 11 through each water channel to the water supply channel 14 is the temperature of the river water compared to the stored water. Since the temperature is usually as low as several degrees Celsius or more, if a large amount of water is supplied to the paddy field 15, the growth of rice may be adversely affected by the temperature difference caused by the low temperature water.
[0005]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a water supply system that can reduce the amount of water used while reducing the equipment cost, and can also eliminate the temperature difference of water supplied to paddy fields. It is said.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a water supply system according to the present invention is a water supply system for supplying water flowing through a water channel to a farm, and is a shallow water reservoir connected to the water channel via a water intake. A water supply channel for supplying water from the storage pond to a pre-set range of the field, a drainage channel for discharging excess water in the storage pond and the field, and surplus water discharged to the drainage channel on the downstream side A water recovery channel that is re-supplied to the reservoir, and the reservoir is formed with an angle of a surrounding slope of 10 to 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane, and a culvert drain pipe is laid underground. It is characterized by having.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a water supply system showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a reservoir. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the water supply system of the present invention includes a shallow water reservoir 22 connected to a water channel 12 via a water intake 21, and a farm field (paddy field) set in advance from the reservoir 22. 15) a water supply pipe (water supply channel) 23 for supplying water, a drainage pipe (drainage channel) 24 for discharging excess water in the reservoir 22 and the paddy field 15, and surplus water discharged to the drainage pipe 24. A water recovery pipe (water recovery path) 25 for re-feeding from the drainage pipe 24 or from the main drainage channel 17 or the branch drainage channel to the downstream reservoir 22 is provided. In response to the above, the water temporarily stored in the reservoir 22 provided in the previous stage is supplied.
[0009]
That is, the water branched from the river 11 to the open water channel 12 is taken from the intake pipe 21 to the main water supply pipe 26, led to the reservoir 22, and temporarily stored in the reservoir 22. As shown in FIG. 2, the reservoir 22 is a shallow depth pond with a maximum water depth of about 30 cm in order to obtain a warm water effect. For example, a portion of a paddy field can be used for the reservoir 22. it can. The area of the reservoir 22 varies depending on the amount of water required by the paddy field 15, but usually a 1-2 pond reservoir may be installed for a 30-50 ha paddy field.
[0010]
In addition, if the water depth is about 30 cm, the shore 27 around the reservoir may have a simple structure, and construction costs such as revetment and fall prevention can be omitted to keep construction costs low. In order to prevent water leakage from the shore 27, a water shielding sheet 28 may be installed on the shore 27. Furthermore, by setting the angle of the shore 27 to a low angle in the range of 10 to 30 degrees, for example, about 15 degrees, it is possible to avoid the erosion action of the waves and omit the revetment work and the repair work. Become.
[0011]
Such a relatively large area and shallow water reservoir 22 can be expected to have the effect of precipitating and separating turbidity such as sand and mud, and can also be expected to have the effect of separating fallen leaves and grass. Even if the waste water is allowed to flow in from the water recovery pipe 25, these are hardly mixed into the water supplied from the reservoir 22 to the paddy field 15. Further, by increasing the area of the storage pond 22, it is possible to reduce the rise in water level due to rainfall or the like, and therefore it is possible to suppress the pressure change of the water flowing into the water supply pipe 23 from the storage pond 22.
[0012]
Furthermore, by burying a culvert drainage pipe 31 in the basement of the storage pond 22 and forming it so that it can be drained from the storage pond 22 by opening the water tank 32, it is possible to achieve a dry rice field after the end of irrigation. . Moreover, since it becomes possible to put a tractor etc. in the storage pond 22 by draining, mowing (weeding) and plowing can be performed easily and the maintenance management of the storage pond 22 can be mechanized. The drainage from the storage pond 22 is not limited to the use of the culvert drainage pipe 31 but can be performed by a general drainage path or drainage means.
[0013]
In addition, by providing the deep water portion 33 in a part of the reservoir 22, particularly in the center, it is possible to secure a habitat and breeding place for fish and the like even when drained from the reservoir 22. It is preferable that the deep water portion 33 be able to secure a water depth of 50 cm or more even after draining so that fish and the like can escape from external enemies such as birds. Moreover, although the area of the deep water part 33 changes with the area of the storage pond 22, the kind of fish, the number of inhabitants, etc., generally it should just be about 100-150m < 2 > with respect to the storage pond 22 of 1-2ha, and is square. However, it is preferable to use a long and narrow shape having a width of about 3 m and a length of about 30 m, for example, because the state of the deep water portion 33 during drainage can be easily confirmed from the periphery.
[0014]
It is preferable that water supply from the water channel 12 to the storage pond 22 is performed to the water intake 21 through a dust removing means 34 such as a screen or a filter. Thereby, empty cans, empty bottles, plastic bags and the like can be prevented from flowing into the reservoir 22. Further, the water taken from the intake pipe 21 to the main water supply pipe 26 can be supplied to the reservoir 22 by an appropriate method according to the water level difference between the water channel 12 and the reservoir 22. It is preferable to provide a water supply amount controller 35 using a ball tap or the like so as to keep the water level in the reservoir 22 constant.
[0015]
As a result, the minimum necessary amount of water can be supplied to the reservoir 22, and excess water can be supplied to prevent the reservoir from overflowing from the reservoir 22. In addition, although the water supply from the water collection pipe 25 can be similarly performed using the water supply amount controller 35, each water supply amount controller 35 is set so that the water supply from the water collection pipe 25 is given priority. Thus, surplus water discharged from the paddy field 15 and the like can be used more effectively.
[0016]
Furthermore, by providing an overflow drain 36 in preparation for when the water level of the storage pond 22 rises during rain or the like, water can be prevented from overflowing from the storage pond 22 even in situations where flooding occurs. It is possible to protect fish and the like living in the reservoir. In addition, by installing a reservoir 22 at a position where the water level is the same as that of nearby drainage channels and small rivers, fish between these drainage channels and small rivers and the reservoir 22 etc. , And can further promote the habitat and breeding of fish.
[0017]
Further, water supply from the reservoir 22 to the paddy field 15 is performed through a water level setting device 37 provided on the paddy field side, as in a normal water supply operation. Water intake from the reservoir 22 at this time may be performed through a normal water intake, or warm water on the surface may be taken in using the float-type water intake unit 38. The water level setting device 37 can be of various structures conventionally used, and can also be used for underground irrigation. Moreover, the water supply management in the paddy field 15 is carried out by storing the water tap and the drain valve such as the water level setting device 37 in the box at the same position and making the operation / drainage management one side operation from the road (farm road) side. While being able to be performed easily and reliably, invalid discharge can be prevented.
[0018]
Further, the reservoir 22 is formed to have a shallow water depth so that it can be sufficiently warmed by solar heat or the like, and the temperature of the water in the reservoir can be made substantially the same as the water in the paddy field. No longer flows into the area 15 and does not adversely affect the growth of rice. In addition, the inhabiting and breeding of animals and plants can be promoted by shallow water depth, so that a so-called biotope function can be provided, the natural environment can be protected, and carbon dioxide assimilation by the generation of algae can be expected.
[0019]
In addition, since the wastewater once used in the paddy field on the upstream side is reused, and the repeated use of water that effectively uses the water of the mountain forest field, it is possible to greatly save water consumption in the entire district. The problem of water shortage can also be solved, and it is possible to eliminate the need for new dams for securing water to be provided upstream of rivers and for raising existing dams. Furthermore, by flowing the water discharged from the paddy paddy field 15 that is being scraped into the reservoir 22 on the downstream side, it is possible to eliminate the inflow of muddy water into the river and the like, which is also useful for environmental conservation of the river and the like. It will be.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the irrigation water supply system of the present invention, since the drainage is reused by providing a shallow water reservoir, the water consumption of the entire district can be greatly reduced. In addition, cold water does not flow into the paddy field due to the warming effect of the shallow water reservoir. Furthermore, the shallow water depth can promote the inhabiting and breeding of animals and plants, and can protect the natural environment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a water supply system showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a reservoir.
FIG. 3 is a schematic system diagram showing a conventional water supply system for paddy fields.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... River, 12 ... Waterway, 15 ... Paddy field, 17 ... Main drainage channel, 21 ... Water intake, 22 ... Reservoir, 23 ... Water supply pipe, 24 ... Drainage pipe, 25 ... Water recovery pipe, 26 ... Main water supply pipe, 27 ... Waterfront, 28 ... Water shielding sheet, 31 ... Underdrain pipe, 32 ... Water tank, 33 ... Deep water part, 34 ... Dust removal means, 35 ... Water supply controller, 36 ... Overflow drain part, 37 ... Water level setting device , 38 ... Float type water intake

Claims (1)

水路を流れる用水を圃場に供給するための用水の供給システムであって、前記水路に取水工を介して接続する浅水深の貯留池と、該貯留池からあらかじめ設定した範囲の圃場に用水を供給する給水路と、前記貯留池及び前記圃場における余剰水を排出する排水路と、該排水路に排出された余剰水を下流側の貯留池に再供給する用水回収路とを備え、前記貯留池は、その周囲の法面の角度が水平面に対して10〜30度の範囲に形成されているとともに地下に暗渠排水管が敷設されていることを特徴とする用水の供給システム。A water supply system for supplying water flowing through a water channel to a field, and supplying the water to a shallow water reservoir connected to the water channel via a water intake, and to a field in a predetermined range from the water reservoir A reservoir for draining surplus water in the storage pond and the field, and a water recovery channel for resupplying the surplus water discharged to the drain to a downstream reservoir. Is a water supply system characterized in that the angle of the surrounding slope is formed in the range of 10 to 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane, and a culvert drainage pipe is laid in the basement .
JP2002302677A 2002-10-17 2002-10-17 Water supply system Expired - Lifetime JP3953933B2 (en)

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CN114960569A (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-08-30 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Tail water branch pipe structure for preventing sundries in flow channel from wearing pumping and storing power station unit and pipeline

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JP2863479B2 (en) * 1995-01-25 1999-03-03 株式会社パディ研究所 Water management system for sloping paddy fields
JP3698279B2 (en) * 1995-06-28 2005-09-21 株式会社パディ研究所 Paddy water management system
JPH10271921A (en) * 1997-03-31 1998-10-13 Hitachi Eng & Services Co Ltd Irrigation apparatus for paddy field
JP2000073348A (en) * 1998-09-02 2000-03-07 Padei Kenkyusho:Kk Waterproof structure for paddy
JP4301691B2 (en) * 2000-03-31 2009-07-22 株式会社日立製作所 Rice field irrigation system
JP2002262677A (en) * 2001-03-08 2002-09-17 Padei Kenkyusho:Kk Water distribution system for terrace paddy field

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