JP3942031B2 - Gravel crushing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gravel crushing method and apparatus for crushing gravel (especially billi gravel (gravel with a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm) that could only be used for garden paving stones, etc.) into sand (particle size of 5 mm or less). is there.

Until 1955, sand and gravel as aggregates used for concrete for civil engineering and construction were mainly collected from rivers. However, the collection of river gravel started around 1965, and the collection regulations gradually became stricter thereafter, and now the collection of river gravel is prohibited.
On the other hand, in the construction industry, demand for sand and gravel has been increasing. For this reason, gravel and sand were collected from farmland, mountains, sea, etc. around the river as gravel collection areas other than rivers. Furthermore, mountain crushed stones are now being collected.

Gravel and sand are classified according to particle size as follows in a gravel plant factory, while the rough gravel stone is washed with water. That is, a particle size of about 5 mm or less is classified as “sand”, a particle size of about 5 mm to about 10 mm as “billy gravel”, a particle size of about 10 mm to about 25 mm as “gravel”, and others. Of these, sand and gravel are used as aggregates for concrete for civil engineering and construction.
Therefore, in many gravel plant factories, billet gravel having a particle size of about 5 mm to about 10 mm is hardly used and is left in a large pile.
The present inventor has continued research on a method and apparatus for crushing billet gravel into sand, especially since 1993. For example, the inventions of Japanese Patent No. 2568473, Japanese Patent No. 2876567, Japanese Patent No. 2986793, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-370038, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-159537, and the like are made.

Of these, Patent No. 2568473, Patent No. 2876567, and Patent No. 2986793 all bite the crests and troughs of the teeth of a pair of tooth plates provided with a large number of teeth having a concavo-convex shape composed of crests and troughs. In addition, the present invention relates to an invention in which at least one of the tooth plates is vibrated and the billet gravel is crushed by the pressing force of both tooth plates and the impact force caused by the vibration of the tooth plates.
Of these, Japanese Patent Nos. 2568473 and 2876567 perform billi gravel crushing in the atmosphere. Since the falling speed of billi gravel in the atmosphere is as high as about 490 cm per second, when both tooth plates are opened, the billet gravel that falls down uncrushed reaches about 50%.
Furthermore, since crushing was carried out in the air, billet gravel was pressed and clogged in the tooth portions of both tooth plates, and therefore, the clogged gravel and sand were forced to be removed. In addition, since dust is generated at the time of crushing, it not only harms the operator, but also has a drawback of adversely affecting neighboring residents on windy days.

  Japanese Patent No. 2986793 for solving this drawback is to place the crushing parts of both tooth plates in water and crush billi gravel in water. In this patent, since the gravel gravel is crushed in water, problems such as clogging of the tooth portions of both tooth plates and dust are eliminated. Although the falling speed of billet gravel in water was as slow as 240 cm per second compared to the falling speed in the atmosphere, there was still a large amount of falling downward (crushed loss) when both toothboards were uncrushed. Moreover, since the crushing part is located in the water, there is a disadvantage that the apparatus becomes large and rust is generated by water for the convenience of submerging the other parts of the apparatus.

In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-370038 for eliminating this drawback, an openable and closable damper is provided at the lower part of the crushing portion of both tooth plates, thereby preventing uncrushed billet gravel from falling when both tooth plates are opened. At this time, since the opening / closing movement of the damper cannot be performed in water, the gravel gravel is poured into the reservoir formed by the damper and the tooth plate together with water, and only the portion where both tooth plates crush the gravel is submerged in water. It was configured to break up.
By the way, also in the said Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2002-370038, the middle ground or uncrushed billet gravel was still contained in the crushed sand. In addition to the low porosity of billi gravel of about 40%, the gravel gravel fills between the crushing parts of both tooth plates during crushing due to the increase in surface area and volume by crushing billi gravel. Then, there is no gap between the crushing portions, and further crushing cannot be performed. In other words, there is no void in the gravel gravel between the crushing portions of both tooth plates, thereby increasing the density. In this way, a large amount of billet gravel in the center had been split downward or left unbroken. In order to solve this problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-159537 has a configuration in which billet gravel is fed into both tooth plates together with water and a void forming material (for example, styrofoam) and crushed. In this way, since the billet gravel is crushed in a state where a sufficient gap is formed by the gap-forming material, even when the surface area and volume of the crushed billet gravel increase, when densifying at the crushing part between both crushing plates, Sufficient voids are formed. For this reason, the crushing of the billet gravel by the crushing part was facilitated, and the billet gravel in the center part was prevented from being split or falling down without being crushed to generate crushing loss.
However, in the invention disclosed in the above Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-159537, in addition to the fact that the damper is an indispensable constituent requirement, a gap forming material must be introduced separately from the billet gravel. In order to reduce device failures and simplify maintenance, it is preferable to simplify the structure as much as possible and reduce the number of components.

Japanese Patent No. 2568473 Japanese Patent No. 2876567 Japanese Patent No. 2986793 JP 2002-370038 A JP 2003-159537 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and its purpose is to regulate that the gravel gravel falls down unbroken when both tooth plates are opened even when the damper is not present. In addition, the present invention is to provide a billet gravel crushing method and an apparatus therefor, which regulate the falling of the billet gravel at the center of both tooth plates while falling or not being crushed and having as few components as possible.

Means, action, and effect of invention for solving the problems

  As a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has found that the above problem can be solved by setting the maximum separation distance between a pair of crushing plates for crushing billet gravel to a predetermined size, and basically completes the present invention. It came to do. That is, if the maximum separation distance is set to be large, the falling speed of the billet gravel becomes too high, so that the billet gravel that is not crushed when the crushing plate is opened passes through and generates a crushing loss. On the other hand, if the maximum separation distance is too small, the gravel is not supplied to the crushing part between the two crushing plates, and the crushing operation is not performed. Therefore, the present inventor conducted a study on the maximum separation distance. When the size was set to about 30 mm or less and enough to allow the billet gravel to enter (about 5 mm or more), both of the above problems were solved at once. I found that it can be solved. That is, (1) it is possible to prevent the passage of billet gravel without using a damper, and (2) the cracking of billet gravel is regulated without using a gap forming material (styrene foam). Found that is possible. This is because, by optimizing the maximum separation distance, the gravel gravel supplied between the two crushing plates can be pressed down to about 2 rows at the maximum, so that the middle cracks (not the crushing plate but the pressure from both adjacent gravel gravels) It seems that the entire amount could be crushed into sand without causing a cracking phenomenon).

In this way, the gravel crushing apparatus for solving the above-described problems is a pair of crushing plates, vibration means for vibrating one crushing plate, and pressing and separating the crushing plate on the other side against the crushing plate on the other side. Rocking means for rocking in the direction, and crushing the gravel by the clamping force of both crushing plates while supplying gravel and water from above to a crushing portion provided between the crushing plates, When the other crushing plate swings, the maximum separation distance in the crushing portion that crushes gravel in both crushing plates is about 30 mm or less.
Moreover, the gravel crushing method for solving the said subject WHEREIN: In a pair of crushing board provided mutually opposed, the crushing board of one side is vibrated, and the crushing board of the other side is made with respect to the crushing board of the other party. A method of crushing gravel while supplying gravel and water between both crushing plates while swinging in both directions of pressing and separating, and when the crushing plate on the other side swings, the both crushing plates The maximum separation distance in the crushing part that crushes gravel is about 30 mm or less.

In both inventions, “gravel” includes gravel (particle size of about 10 mm to about 25 mm) in addition to billi gravel (particle size of about 5 mm to about 10 mm). Among these, a preferable object is billi gravel. In addition, in a pair of crushing board, it is preferable to provide the unevenness | corrugation which can mutually be fitted in the surface of the crushing part which crushes gravel.
The maximum separation distance is preferably about 30 mm or less, more preferably about 25 mm or less, more preferably about 20 mm or less, and further preferably about 15 mm or less. The lower limit of the maximum separation distance is about 5 mm, preferably about 10 mm.
According to the present invention, the crushing plate is rocked by the rocking means while gravel and water are supplied from above between the pair of crushing plates. This crushing plate crushes gravel while swinging in a direction of pressing and separating against the crushing plate on the other side. At this time, since the maximum separation distance of the crushing part where both crushing plates crush gravel is set to a predetermined width, gravel (especially billi gravel) does not pass through and without causing a middle crack, Smooth crushing work can be performed.

  If the maximum separation distance is set small as in the present invention, the amount of gravel that can be crushed at one time is reduced. For this reason, by setting the length of the crushing portion capable of crushing gravel, the working speed can be increased and the work efficiency can be increased. Thus, in the present invention, the length of the crushing portion in both crushing plates is set to about 10 cm or more along the direction in which the gravel falls, and the upper portion of the crushing portion is opened outward. It is preferable to adopt a configuration in which it is used. At this time, the upper limit of the length of the crushing part is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 cm or less, more preferably about 50 cm or less, and still more preferably about 30 cm or less.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, and various forms are possible without changing the gist of the invention. Can be implemented. Further, the technical scope of the present invention extends to an equivalent range.

In FIG. 1, the outline | summary of the gravel crushing apparatus 1 (henceforth "the apparatus 1" only) of this embodiment was shown.
The apparatus 1 includes a pair of crushing plates 19, 21, a vibration motor 27 that vibrates one crushing plate 19 (corresponding to the vibration means in the present invention), and a crushing plate 21 on the other side. A mechanism (described in detail later) is provided that swings in the direction of pressing and separating from the crushing plate 19. By driving the apparatus 1, gravel 45 (particularly billi gravel) and water W are supplied from above between the both crushing plates 19, 21, and the gravel 45 is moved to both the crushing plates 19 by swinging the crushing plate 21. , 21 can be crushed by the clamping force.

  In the length direction of the crushing plates 19 and 21, as shown in FIG. 2, a large number of tooth portions 15 including a peak portion 11 and a valley portion 13 are provided. The peak portion 11 of the tooth portion 15 is inclined so that both end sides in the length direction are lowered, and the central portion is raised by a flat portion 77. Among these, the part installed in the downward part of the mountain part 11 is made into the crushing part 17 which crushes gravel by pinching | interposing the both crushing plates 19 and 21. FIG. The crushing portion 17 is about 20 cm along the length direction. By providing the flat part 77 in the center of the length direction of the mountain part 11, the upper opening part (formed by the other inclined to the mountain shape) when both the crushing plates 19 and 21 are installed is expanded. Expand and improve gravel supply. In addition, gravel having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm as well as gravel having a particle size of 10 mm to 25 mm can be crushed between the flat portions 77 and then crushed between the crushing portions 17.

Further, by supplying the gravel 45 to the flat portion 77, it is possible to prevent the tooth portions 15 of the upper crushing plates 19 and 21 not used as the crushing portion 17 from being worn. Furthermore, the gravel 45 can be easily poured into the tooth portion 15 used as the crushing portion 17, and the supply performance of the gravel 45 can be further improved. In addition, since each crushing plate 19 and 21 is made into the mountain shape, when one crushing part 17 is worn, each crushing plate 19 and 21 can be reversed and used.
The crushing plate 19 on one side is attached to the surface side (left side in FIG. 1) of the mounting plate 25 that is attached to the base 23 so that the crushing portion 17 faces downward. The mounting plate 25 is suspended from the upper plate 24 of the base 23. Further, a support plate 22 is suspended vertically downward from the lower surface side of the upper plate 24, and the mounting plate 25 is fixed to the support plate 22 via a vibration isolating rubber 26. A vibration motor 27 that vibrates the crushing plate 19 is provided on the back side of the mounting plate 25. The vibration motor 27 is mounted on a base portion 28 that protrudes horizontally from a position lower than the middle position of the crushing plate 19 on the back surface side of the mounting plate 25.

  The lower end edge of the pedestal 28 extends to the lower end of the mounting plate 25, and in particular, vibrates the crushing part 17 and its vicinity. A compression spring 30 is provided on the back side of the lower portion of the mounting plate 25. The compression spring 30 is provided between a receiving plate portion 32 extending from the base 23 side. When the device 1 is driven, the other crushing plate 21 is pressed toward the crushing plate 19. At this time, the interval between the two crushing plates 19 and 21 is set to zero, and the crushing plate 19 is pushed slightly further. Here, the compression spring 30 is pushed slightly in the compression direction so as to counter the pressing force. A compression spring 59 is similarly provided above the vibration motor 27 between the base 23 side and the mounting plate 25. The compression spring 59 prevents vibration from the vibration motor 27 from being directly conducted to the base 23 and improves vibration efficiency.

The crushing plate 21 on the other side is attached to the swinging portion 29 with the crushing portion 17 facing downward. The swing part 29 is provided with a swing plate 33 attached to the eccentric shaft 31. The swing plate 33 moves in the upper left and lower right directions in FIG. 1 by rotating a drive motor 69 connected to the eccentric shaft 31 via the belt 34. When the rocking plate 33 moves to the upper left, the crushing plate 21 moves so as to press against the crushing plate 19 on the other side, and crushes the gravel 45 (see FIG. 4). On the other hand, when the rocking plate 33 moves to the lower right, the crushing plate 21 is separated from the crushing plate 19 on the other side, the crushing portion 17 is opened, and the crushed gravel 45 (that is, sand 46) is discharged downward. (See FIGS. 1 and 3). The moving distance of the vertical and horizontal movements of the swing plate 33 is about 20 mm in the vertical direction and about 15 mm in the horizontal direction. The movement is performed 3 to 4 times per second.
A toggle plate 63 is provided between the lower end of the swing plate 33 and the base 20 to control the swing of the swing plate 33. A tension rod 65 that connects the base 20 and the swing plate 33 is provided above the toggle plate 63. In the tension rod 65, a spring 61 that controls the swinging force of the swinging plate 33 is provided on the base 20 side. Thus, in this embodiment, the swinging means is mainly constituted by the drive motor 69, the belt 34, the eccentric shaft 31, and the swing plate 33.

As shown in FIG. 2, the two crushing plates 19 and 21 are installed so that the crests 11 and the troughs 13 are engaged with each other in the crushing part 17 on the lower side. Moreover, both the crushing plates 19 and 21 are installed so that a space | interval narrows from upper direction to the downward direction, and both the crushing parts 17 face substantially vertically downward. In addition, it is preferable to comprise the inclination angle of both the crushing plates 19 and 21 so that adjustment is possible.
A gravel hopper 39 is installed above the crushing plates 19 and 21. The gravel hopper 39 is provided with an impeller 41 for supplying a predetermined amount of gravel 45 between the crushing plates 19 and 21. It is preferable that the gravel supply by the impeller 41 is stopped when excessive gravel is supplied between both the crushing plates 19 and 21. Further, a water supply port 51 for supplying water W is provided in the vicinity of a supply site of the gravel 45 by the gravel hopper 39. The water W is supplied through the water supply pipe 55. During driving of the apparatus 1, gravel 45 is supplied together with the water W between the crushing plates 19 and 21.
A water tank 53 is installed at the bottom of the base 23. Inside the water tank 53, a sand carry-out mechanism 71 in which spiral wings are extended from the shaft body is provided. By driving a motor 72 provided at the upper end of the sand unloading mechanism 71, the sand 46 accumulated at the bottom of the water tank 53 can be unloaded outward.

Next, a method for crushing the gravel 45 using the apparatus 1 will be described.
First, gravel 45 is continuously put into the gravel hopper 39. Next, the crushing plate 19 is vibrated by driving the vibration motor 27, and the crushing plate 21 is rocked via the rocking portion 29 by driving the drive motor 69.
Next, while turning the impeller 41 of the gravel hopper 39, the gravel 45 is supplied to the crushing part 17 between the crushing plates 19 and 21 by a predetermined amount. At the same time, water W is supplied from the water supply port 51.

  When the crushing plate 21 moves to the lower right along with the swinging of the swinging portion 29, the crushing portion 17 of both the crushing plates 19 and 21 is opened, and gravel 45 and water W enter the crushing portion 17 (FIG. 3). At this time, the space between both the crushing plates 19 and 21 is the most open and the maximum separation distance L is obtained. This maximum separation distance L is set to be about 15 mm. With such a separation distance, the gravel 45 is considered to be at most two rows between the two crushing plates 19 and 21, and it is considered that there are few three rows. For this reason, when both the crushing plates 19 and 21 are pressed, almost all of the gravel 45 is crushed while being in contact with one of the crushing plates. Disappears.

When the crushing plate 21 moves to the upper left, the crushing portions 17 of both the crushing plates 19 and 21 are closed (FIG. 4). Then, the gravel 45 is crushed in the water W. At this time, the crushing plate 19 vibrates, and the crushing plate 19 is crushed and turned into sand by the impact force of the vibration and the pressing force of both the crushing plates 19 and 21. Since the surface of the crushed sand particles is coated with water W, the pressure-bonding of the sand particles to the tooth portions 15 of the crushed portion 17 is suppressed, and clogging does not occur.
Next, when the crushing plate 21 moves to the lower right, the crushed gravel 45 is discharged downward, and the next gravel 45 enters the crushing portion 17 as described above. The sand discharged downward settles in the water tank 53 and is taken out of the water by the sand carry-out mechanism 71 (illustrated, right side of the water tank 53).

  Thus, according to this embodiment, the crushing plate 21 is rocked by driving the rocking motor 69 while supplying the gravel 45 and the water W from above between the pair of crushing plates 19 and 21. The crushing plate 21 crushes the gravel 45 in water while swinging in a direction of pressing and separating against the crushing plate 19 on the other side. At this time, since the maximum separation distance L of the crushing portion 17 where both the crushing plates 19 and 21 crush the gravel 45 is set to a predetermined width (about 15 mm), the gravel 45 does not pass through and is cracked. Smooth crushing work can be performed without causing any problems.

Moreover, since the length of the crushing part 17 capable of crushing the gravel 45 is set as large as about 20 cm, the working speed can be increased and the work efficiency can be improved.
Further, the sand to be pressure-bonded to the tooth portion 15 of the crushing portion 17 is completely peeled off by the vibration action of the water W and the both crushing plates 19 and 21, and clogging is eliminated. This eliminates crushing loss, clogged sand and gravel removal work, and can improve crushing efficiency.
Further, since the crushing is performed in a state where water W is stored between the crushing plates 19 and 21, there is no generation of dust and dust pollution that occurred during gravel crushing in the atmosphere. And it will not adversely affect the residents in the neighborhood by dust.
In addition, since water only needs to be poured into the crushing part 17, the apparatus can be reduced in size, and it is not necessary to immerse the other parts of the apparatus, and the possibility that rust is generated by water is reduced.

In the present embodiment, a damper for preventing the gravel 45 from passing is not provided below the crushing portion 17, but those having such a configuration are also included in the technical scope of the present invention. is there.
Moreover, in this embodiment, although only the method of crushing the gravel 45 into sand is demonstrated, since the side cross section is formed in the mountain shape so that the crushing plates 19 and 21 open upward in the apparatus 1, It can also be used for crushing gravel having a particle size of about 10 mm or more into sand.
Moreover, although the tooth | gear part 15 which consists of the peak part 11 and the trough part 13 is provided in the crushing plates 19 and 21 of this embodiment, according to this invention, a tooth | gear part 15 like a tooth | gear part 15 is provided. It is good also as a smooth state, without providing an unevenness | corrugation.
Further, although the meshing interval of the teeth 15 of the crushing portion 17 of both the crushing plates 19 and 21 is preferably adjustable by an interval adjusting mechanism or the like, it may not be adjustable.
The configuration of the rocking means of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the crushing plate 21 may be directly rocked by a rocking motor provided with an eccentric shaft, for example. In addition, those skilled in the art can give various configurations using conventional techniques.

It is a block diagram which shows the outline | summary of a gravel crushing apparatus. It is a perspective view of a crushing plate. It is a sectional side view which shows a mode when both the crushing plates open | released. It is a sectional side view which shows a mode when both the crushing plates close.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gravel crusher 17 ... Crushing part 19,21 ... Crush plate 27 ... Vibration motor (vibration means)
31 ... Eccentric shaft (oscillating means)
33 ... Oscillating plate (oscillating means)
45 ... Gravel 63 ... Toggle plate (rocking means)
69 ... Drive motor (swinging means)
L ... Maximum separation distance W ... Water

Claims (2)

A pair of crushing plates, a mounting plate provided on one side of the crushing plate on the front side, a spring provided on the back side of the mounting plate and having one end connected to the base side, and the one side A vibration motor that is a vibrating means that vibrates the crushing plate through the vibration of the spring, and an eccentric shaft that is a rocking means that rocks the crushing plate on the other side against the crushing plate on the other side in a direction of pressing and separating. The gravel is crushed by the sandwiching force of both crushing plates and the particle size is 5 mm or less while supplying billet gravel and water having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm from above to a crushing portion provided between the two crushing plates. A gravel crusher for producing sand,
When the other crushing plate swings, the maximum separation distance in the crushing portion that crushes gravel in both crushing plates is about 30 mm or less, and the vibration motor is on the back side of the crushing plate. A gravel crushing device , wherein the crushing plate is suspended vertically and suspended vertically downward at an upper portion of the spring . In the pair of crushing plates provided opposite to each other, the crushing plate on one side is hung downward and suspended vertically and supported, and on the back side with respect to the crushing plate at the top of the spring and the spring A vibration motor mounted in the vertical direction is provided and vibrated, and the other side crushing plate is swung in both directions to be pressed against and separated from the other side crushing plate, while the particle size is 5 mm between both crushing plates. A method for producing sand having a particle size of 5 mm or less by crushing the gravel while supplying 10 mm of billet gravel and water,
A gravel crushing method characterized in that when the other crushing plate swings, a maximum separation distance in a crushing portion for crushing gravel in both crushing plates is about 30 mm or less.

Images