JP3939333B2

JP3939333B2 - Hot water system

Info

Publication number: JP3939333B2
Application number: JP2005369892A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 收田島; 昭藤生
Original assignee: Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date: 2005-12-22
Filing date: 2005-12-22
Publication date: 2007-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2020-01-31
Also published as: JP2006093166A

Description

本発明は、燃料電池発電システムを用いて発電をおこなう際に発生する排熱を回収して貯湯し、給湯する給湯システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a hot water supply system that recovers and stores hot water generated by generating heat using a fuel cell power generation system to store hot water.

近年、燃焼装置で常時加熱した状態で、天然ガス、都市ガス、メタノール等の燃料ガスを化学反応させて水素に改質する改質器と、一酸化炭素を変成するＣＯ変成器と、一酸化炭素を除去するＣＯ除去器と、上記水素によって発電する燃料電池とを備えた固体高分子型燃料電池発電システムが提案されている。この種のものでは、エネルギの有効利用を図るため、固体高分子型燃料電池を用いて発電をおこなう際に発生する排熱を回収した貯湯・給湯システムが考えられる。
特開平０２−０１０６６４号公報特開平０５−０４１２３４号公報特開平０５−３１５００２号公報特開平０６−１４００６６号公報特開平０６−２６０１９８号公報特開平０６−３３３５８３号公報特開平０８−３１５８３８号公報特開平０９−００７６２０号公報特開平０９−０５５２１８号公報特開平０９−２３１９９０号公報特開平１０−００３９３６号公報特開平１０−１０６５９３号公報特開平１０−１７２５９８号公報実願昭５６−１５０５５０（実開昭５８−５５２３０号）のマイクロフィルム特開平０５−１２１０８１号公報特開平０８−０８２４４０号公報特開平１１−０９７０４４号公報特開２０００−０１８７１８号公報 In recent years, a reformer that chemically reacts a fuel gas such as natural gas, city gas, or methanol with hydrogen, and reforms it into hydrogen, a CO converter that transforms carbon monoxide, and monoxide A polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generation system including a CO remover that removes carbon and a fuel cell that generates power using the hydrogen has been proposed. In this type, in order to effectively use energy, a hot water storage / hot water supply system that recovers exhaust heat generated when power is generated using a solid polymer fuel cell can be considered.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-010664 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-041234 JP 05-31002 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-140066 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 06-260198 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-333583 JP-A-08-315838 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-007620 JP 09-055218 A JP 09-231990 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-003936 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-106593 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-172598 Microfilm of actual application No. 56-150550 (No. 58-55230) JP 05-121081 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-084440 JP-A-11-097044 JP 2000-018718 A

しかしながら、従来の貯湯・給湯システムでは、固体高分子型燃料電池の排熱回収時間帯と給湯使用時間帯とが重なり合って、温水を必要とするときに温水が不足して、給湯できないといった問題が発生するおそれがある。そこで、本発明の目的は、上述した従来の技術が有する課題を解消し、給湯を常に可能にした給湯システムを提供することにある。 However, the conventional hot water storage / hot water system has a problem that the exhaust heat recovery time zone of the solid polymer fuel cell overlaps with the hot water usage time zone, and when hot water is needed, the hot water is insufficient and the hot water cannot be supplied. May occur. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a hot water supply system that solves the problems of the conventional techniques described above and always enables hot water supply.

本発明の給湯システムは、水素と酸素との電気化学反応により発電を行う燃料電池本体と、原燃料から前記水素を生成するとともに前記燃料電池本体に水素を供給する水素供給装置と、前記燃料電池本体および／または前記水素供給装置より発生する熱によって水を昇温する熱交換器と、前記熱交換器によって昇温された水を貯える貯湯手段と、外部から前記貯湯手段へ水を供給する水供給手段と、前記貯湯手段から外部へ前記昇温された水を供給する温水供給手段と、を有する給湯システムにおいて、前記水供給手段と前記温水供給手段との間に設けられ、前記貯湯手段を経由しないバイパス経路と、前記バイパス経路に設けられ、ガスバーナを用いて水を昇温する昇温手段と、前記昇温された水を、前記貯湯手段から外部へ供給するか、前記昇温手段から外部へ供給するかを切り替える切替手段と、前記貯湯手段に設けられ、前記貯湯手段に貯えられた水の温度を検出する第１の温度検出手段と、前記貯湯手段であって前記第１の温度検出手段よりも下部に設けられ、前記貯湯手段に貯えられた水の温度を検出する第２の温度検出手段と、を有することを特徴とする。また、請求項２記載の給湯システムは、請求項１記載の給湯システムにおいて、前記第１の温度検出手段により検出された水温が第１の所定の温度以上であって、前記第２の温度検出手段により検出された水温が第２の所定の温度以下であったときに、前記切替手段を切り替えないことを特徴とする。これによれば、給湯を常に可能にした給湯システムを提供することができる。 The hot water supply system of the present invention includes a fuel cell main body that generates power by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, a hydrogen supply device that generates hydrogen from raw fuel and supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell main body, and the fuel cell. A heat exchanger for raising the temperature of the water by heat generated from the main body and / or the hydrogen supply device, hot water storage means for storing water heated by the heat exchanger, and water for supplying water from the outside to the hot water storage means and supplying means, wherein the hot water supply means for the hot water storage means to the outside the heating water to supply feed, the hot water system having, arranged between the hot water supply unit and the water supply means, said hot water storage unit A bypass path that does not pass through, a temperature raising means that is provided in the bypass path and raises the temperature of the water using a gas burner, and the heated water is supplied to the outside from the hot water storage means, A switching means for switching whether to supply from the temperature raising means to the outside, a first temperature detecting means provided in the hot water storage means for detecting the temperature of the water stored in the hot water storage means, and the hot water storage means, And a second temperature detecting means provided below the first temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the water stored in the hot water storage means. Also, hot water supply system of claim 2 wherein the claim in hot water supply system of claim 1, wherein the first temperature detected by the temperature detection means is not more the first predetermined temperature or higher, the second temperature The switching means is not switched when the water temperature detected by the detection means is equal to or lower than a second predetermined temperature . According to this, it is possible to provide a hot water supply system that always allows the hot water supply.

本発明では、燃料電池発電システムの排熱回収時間帯と給湯使用時間帯とが重なり合って温水が不足した場合、追焚き器が動作して、この追焚き器の温水が利用されるので、常に給湯が可能になる。 In the present invention, when the exhaust heat recovery time zone of the fuel cell power generation system overlaps with the hot water supply usage time zone and the hot water is insufficient, the reheater operates and the hot water of this reheater is used. Hot water can be supplied.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図１において、符号１００は建家を示しており、この建家１００には低圧電灯線１０１、電力量計１０２、および分電盤１０３を経て、商用電源が供給されている。この商用電源は、細線で示した第１のケーブル１０４を経て、エアコン１０５、テレビジョン１０６等に供給されている。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 100 indicates a building, and commercial power is supplied to the building 100 via a low piezoelectric lamp wire 101, a watt hour meter 102, and a distribution board 103. The commercial power is supplied to the air conditioner 105, the television 106, and the like via the first cable 104 indicated by a thin line.

一方、本実施形態では、家庭用小型電源システムを構成する固体高分子型燃料電池発電システム（ポリマ・エレクトロライト・フューエル・セル：ＰＥＦＣ装置）Ｓが、建家１００の外に設置されている。この家庭用小型電源システムＳは、図２に示すように、ＰＥＦＣ装置のほかに熱回収装置を含んでいる。この熱回収装置は、貯湯タンク１１２とイオン交換樹脂１２５とを有し、このイオン交換樹脂１２５には水道管を通じて市水が供給される。この市水はイオン交換樹脂１２５で純水にされて、後述する水タンク２１（図３）に供給される。ＰＥＦＣ装置は、燃料供給装置（脱硫器、改質器、ＣＯ変成器、ＣＯ除去器）１２１を有している。この燃料供給装置１２１には天然ガス、都市ガス、メタノール、ＬＰＧ、ブタン等の燃料ガスが供給され、ここにはさらに後述する水タンク２１（図３）からの水が供給されて、水素が生成される。この水素は燃料電池６に供給されて、ここで水素と空気中の酸素とを化学反応させて発電が行われる。１２３は発電制御を司る制御装置である。 On the other hand, in the present embodiment, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generation system (polymer electrolite fuel cell: PEFC device) S constituting a small household power supply system is installed outside the building 100. As shown in FIG. 2, this small household power supply system S includes a heat recovery device in addition to the PEFC device. This heat recovery apparatus has a hot water storage tank 112 and an ion exchange resin 125, and city water is supplied to the ion exchange resin 125 through a water pipe. This city water is made pure water with an ion exchange resin 125 and supplied to a water tank 21 (FIG. 3) described later. The PEFC device has a fuel supply device (desulfurizer, reformer, CO converter, CO remover) 121. This fuel supply device 121 is supplied with fuel gas such as natural gas, city gas, methanol, LPG, butane, etc., and further supplied with water from a water tank 21 (FIG. 3) described later to generate hydrogen. Is done. This hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell 6 where the hydrogen and oxygen in the air are chemically reacted to generate electricity. Reference numeral 123 denotes a control device that controls power generation control.

この電力はＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ１２４を経て、１８０Ｖにまで昇圧され、系統連系インバータ１１１に送られ、ここから、図１に太線で示した第２のケーブル１０７を通じて、パソコン１０８、照明１０９、冷蔵庫１１０等に供給されている。この燃料電池発電システムＳは、系統連系インバータ１１１を介して商用電源に接続されている。この小型電源システムＳでは、発電の過程で熱が発生するので、この熱を利用して市水から温水を生成し、この温水を、図２に示すように、貯湯槽１１２に蓄える。この温水は、図１に示すように、風呂１１３、キッチン１１４等に供給される。この貯湯槽１１２は、建家１００の外に設置される。 This electric power is boosted to 180V through the DC / DC converter 124 and sent to the grid interconnection inverter 111. From here, the personal computer 108, the lighting 109, the refrigerator through the second cable 107 shown by a thick line in FIG. 110 or the like. This fuel cell power generation system S is connected to a commercial power source via a grid interconnection inverter 111. In this small power supply system S, heat is generated in the process of power generation, so hot water is generated from city water using this heat, and this hot water is stored in the hot water tank 112 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, this hot water is supplied to a bath 113, a kitchen 114, and the like. This hot water tank 112 is installed outside the building 100.

つぎに、本実施形態に係る固体高分子型燃料電池発電システム（家庭用小型電源システム）Ｓについて、図３を参照して説明する。この家庭用小型電源システムＳでは、天然ガス、都市ガス、メタノール、ＬＰＧ、ブタン等の燃料ガス１が脱硫器２に供給され、ここで燃料ガスから硫黄成分が除去される。この脱硫器２を経た燃料ガスは、昇圧ポンプ１０で昇圧されて改質器３に供給される。この改質器３では、水素、二酸化炭素、および一酸化炭素を含む改質ガスが生成される。この改質器３を経たガスは、ＣＯ変成器４に供給され、ここでは改質ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素が二酸化炭素に変成される。このＣＯ変成器４を経たガスは、ＣＯ除去器５に供給され、ここではＣＯ変成器４を経たガス中の未変成の一酸化炭素が酸化されて二酸化炭素になる。このＣＯ除去器５を経て、一酸化炭素濃度が１０ｐｐｍ以下に低減された水素リッチガスが、固体高分子型の燃料電池６に供給される。この燃料電池６は、燃料極（アノード）６ａと空気極（カソード）６ｂと冷却部６ｃとを備え、上記水素リッチガスは、アノード６ａに供給される。この水素リッチガス中の水素と、上記ファン１１を経て、カソード６ｂに供給された空気中に含まれる酸素とが反応し、電力が発生する。 Next, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generation system (small household power supply system) S according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In this small household power supply system S, a fuel gas 1 such as natural gas, city gas, methanol, LPG, or butane is supplied to a desulfurizer 2 where sulfur components are removed from the fuel gas. The fuel gas that has passed through the desulfurizer 2 is boosted by the booster pump 10 and supplied to the reformer 3. In the reformer 3, a reformed gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide is generated. The gas that has passed through the reformer 3 is supplied to a CO converter 4 where carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is converted into carbon dioxide. The gas that has passed through the CO converter 4 is supplied to the CO remover 5, where unconverted carbon monoxide in the gas that has passed through the CO converter 4 is oxidized into carbon dioxide. Through this CO remover 5, a hydrogen rich gas whose carbon monoxide concentration is reduced to 10 ppm or less is supplied to the solid polymer fuel cell 6. The fuel cell 6 includes a fuel electrode (anode) 6a, an air electrode (cathode) 6b, and a cooling unit 6c, and the hydrogen-rich gas is supplied to the anode 6a. Hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich gas reacts with oxygen contained in the air supplied to the cathode 6b through the fan 11 to generate electric power.

上記改質器３は、バーナ１２を有し、ここにはパイプ１３を介して燃料が供給され、ファン１４を介して空気が供給され、パイプ１５を介して、アノード６ａを経た未反応水素が供給される。システム起動時には、バーナ１２に、パイプ１３を介して燃料が供給されると共に、ファン１４を介して空気が供給され、起動後、システムが安定した場合には、燃料の供給が断たれて、バーナ１２に、パイプ１５を介して、アノード６ａを経た未反応水素が供給される。上記した改質器３、ＣＯ変成器４、ＣＯ除去器５、燃料電池６では、所定の反応温度を有する化学反応が行われる。改質器３における化学反応は吸熱反応であるので、バーナ１２によって常時加熱しながら化学反応を行う。また、ＣＯ変成器４、ＣＯ除去器５で行われる化学反応は発熱反応であるので、例えばＣＯ除去器５では、システム起動時のみバーナ（図示せず）を燃焼させて、燃焼ガスを発生させ、このとき発生した燃焼ガスの熱でＣＯ除去器５の温度を反応温度まで昇温し、この反応温度まで昇温した後には、発熱反応の熱により反応温度以上に昇温しないように冷却が行われる。 The reformer 3 has a burner 12 to which fuel is supplied via a pipe 13, air is supplied via a fan 14, and unreacted hydrogen passed through an anode 6 a is supplied via a pipe 15. Supplied. When the system is started, fuel is supplied to the burner 12 via the pipe 13 and air is supplied via the fan 14. When the system is stabilized after startup, the fuel supply is cut off and the burner is turned off. 12 is supplied with unreacted hydrogen via the anode 6 a via the pipe 15. In the above reformer 3, CO converter 4, CO remover 5, and fuel cell 6, a chemical reaction having a predetermined reaction temperature is performed. Since the chemical reaction in the reformer 3 is an endothermic reaction, the chemical reaction is performed while always being heated by the burner 12. In addition, since the chemical reaction performed in the CO converter 4 and the CO remover 5 is an exothermic reaction, for example, the CO remover 5 burns a burner (not shown) only when the system is started to generate combustion gas. The temperature of the CO remover 5 is raised to the reaction temperature by the heat of the combustion gas generated at this time, and after the temperature is raised to the reaction temperature, cooling is performed so as not to raise the temperature beyond the reaction temperature due to the heat of the exothermic reaction. Done.

燃料電池６では、電気化学反応が行われ、この電気化学反応時の活性化過電圧、濃度過電圧、抵抗過電圧により熱が発生する。上記した改質器３とＣＯ変成器４間、ＣＯ変成器４とＣＯ除去器５間、ＣＯ除去器５と燃料電池６間および燃料電池６の排気系２６には、それぞれ熱交換器１８，１９，２０，２７が接続されている。そして、各熱交換器１８，１９，２０には水タンク２１の水が、ポンプ２３，２４，２５を介して循環し、これらの水で、改質器３、ＣＯ変成器４、ＣＯ除去器５を経たガスがそれぞれ冷却される。熱交換器２７には上記貯湯タンク１１２（図２）の水が、ポンプ２８を介して循環する。燃料電池６の冷却部６ｃには、ポンプ４８を介して、水タンク２１の水が循環し、この水で、燃料電池６が冷却される。 In the fuel cell 6, an electrochemical reaction is performed, and heat is generated by the activation overvoltage, concentration overvoltage, and resistance overvoltage during the electrochemical reaction. The heat exchanger 18, the CO converter 4, the CO remover 5, the CO remover 5 and the fuel cell 6, and the exhaust system 26 of the fuel cell 6 are respectively connected to the reformer 3 and the CO converter 4. 19, 20, and 27 are connected. The water in the water tank 21 is circulated through the heat exchangers 18, 19 and 20 through the pumps 23, 24 and 25. With these waters, the reformer 3, the CO converter 4, the CO remover. Each of the gases having passed through 5 is cooled. Water in the hot water storage tank 112 (FIG. 2) circulates in the heat exchanger 27 via a pump 28. Water in the water tank 21 circulates in the cooling unit 6c of the fuel cell 6 via the pump 48, and the fuel cell 6 is cooled with this water.

上記改質器３の排気系３１には、熱交換器１７が接続され、水タンク２１の水が、ポンプ２２を介して供給されると、この熱交換器１７で水蒸気化し、この水蒸気が、脱硫器２、ポンプ１０を通った原燃料と混合して改質器３に供給される。上記の排気系３１には、熱交換器１７の他に、さらに別の熱交換器３２が接続され、この熱交換器３２には、上記貯湯タンク１１２の水が、ポンプ３３を介して循環し、排熱回収が行われる。 The heat exchanger 17 is connected to the exhaust system 31 of the reformer 3, and when water in the water tank 21 is supplied via the pump 22, the heat exchanger 17 vaporizes the water vapor. The raw fuel that has passed through the desulfurizer 2 and the pump 10 is mixed and supplied to the reformer 3. In addition to the heat exchanger 17, another heat exchanger 32 is connected to the exhaust system 31, and water in the hot water storage tank 112 is circulated through the pump 33 to the heat exchanger 32. Then, exhaust heat recovery is performed.

本システムでは、プロセスガス（ＰＧ）バーナ３４を備える。本システムの起動時には、改質器３、ＣＯ変成器４、ＣＯ除去器５を経た改質ガスの組成が安定していないので、それが安定するまでは、このガスを燃料電池６に供給することができない。そこで、各反応器の温度が安定するまでは、不安定なガス組成状態にあるガスを、このＰＧバーナ３４に導いて燃焼させる。そして、各反応器が安定した後、燃料電池６に導入して発電を行う。燃料電池６での発電に使用できなかった未反応ガスは、当初ＰＧバーナ３４に導いて燃焼し、燃料電池６の温度が安定した後は、この未反応ガスをパイプ１５を通じて、改質器３のバーナ１２に導入して燃焼させる。 The system includes a process gas (PG) burner 34. At the start of the system, the composition of the reformed gas that has passed through the reformer 3, the CO converter 4, and the CO remover 5 is not stable, and this gas is supplied to the fuel cell 6 until it is stabilized. I can't. Therefore, until the temperature of each reactor is stabilized, the gas in an unstable gas composition state is guided to the PG burner 34 and burned. And after each reactor is stabilized, it introduces into the fuel cell 6 and performs electric power generation. Unreacted gas that could not be used for power generation in the fuel cell 6 is initially guided to the PG burner 34 and combusted. After the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is stabilized, the unreacted gas is passed through the pipe 15 through the reformer 3. It is introduced into the burner 12 and burned.

ＰＧバーナ３４の制御系を説明すると、本システムの起動後、各反応器が温度的に安定するまでは、開閉弁９１が閉じられ、開閉弁３６が開かれる。これによって、改質ガスは管路３５および開閉弁３６を通じてＰＧバーナ３４に供給される。各反応器が温度的に安定した場合、今度は、燃料電池６の温度が安定するまで、開閉弁９１、３９が開かれ、開閉弁３６、９２が閉じられて、改質ガスが管路３８および開閉弁３９を通じてＰＧバーナ３４に供給され、そこで燃焼される。燃料電池６の温度が安定し、連続して発電が行われる場合、開閉弁９１，９２が開かれ、開閉弁３６，３９が閉じられて、燃料電池６を経た未反応ガスは管路１５を経てバーナ１２に供給される。ＰＧバーナ３４の排気系４５には、熱交換器４６が接続され、この熱交換器４６には、ポンプ４７を介して、貯湯タンク１１２の水が循環する。 The control system of the PG burner 34 will be described. After the activation of this system, the on-off valve 91 is closed and the on-off valve 36 is opened until each reactor is stabilized in temperature. As a result, the reformed gas is supplied to the PG burner 34 through the pipe line 35 and the on-off valve 36. When each reactor is stabilized in temperature, the on-off valves 91 and 39 are opened and the on-off valves 36 and 92 are closed until the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is stabilized. And, it is supplied to the PG burner 34 through the on-off valve 39 and burned there. When the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is stable and power generation is performed continuously, the on-off valves 91 and 92 are opened, the on-off valves 36 and 39 are closed, and unreacted gas passing through the fuel cell 6 passes through the pipe line 15. Then, it is supplied to the burner 12. A heat exchanger 46 is connected to the exhaust system 45 of the PG burner 34, and water in the hot water storage tank 112 is circulated through the heat exchanger 46 via a pump 47.

水タンク２１と貯湯タンク１１２間には、熱交換器４１が接続され、この熱交換器４１には、ポンプ４２を介して水タンク２１の水が循環し、ポンプ４３を介して貯湯タンク１１２の水が循環する。この熱交換器４１での熱交換によって、貯湯タンク１１２の水の温度が上昇し、水タンク２１の水の温度が低下する。 A heat exchanger 41 is connected between the water tank 21 and the hot water storage tank 112, and water in the water tank 21 circulates through the heat exchanger 41 via a pump 42. Water circulates. By the heat exchange in the heat exchanger 41, the temperature of the water in the hot water storage tank 112 rises and the temperature of the water in the water tank 21 falls.

以上の構成では、家庭用小型電源システムＳが、コージェネレーションシステムの形態をとるので、エネルギの有効活用が図られる。従って、高い総合熱効率が得られるので、原燃料の消費量が減少し、二酸化炭素の排出量が低減される。 With the above configuration, the small household power supply system S takes the form of a cogeneration system, so that energy can be effectively utilized. Accordingly, high overall thermal efficiency is obtained, so that the amount of raw fuel consumed is reduced and the amount of carbon dioxide emitted is reduced.

本実施形態では、図４に示すように、貯湯タンク１１２の下部に接続された水供給管６１を通じて、貯湯タンク１１２内に市水が供給される。この貯湯タンク１１２に供給された市水は、燃料電池発電システム（家庭用小型電源システムＳ）の排熱を回収して所定温度まで昇温され、この昇温された温水は、開閉弁Ａおよび温水供給管６２を通じて外部に給湯される。この温水供給管６２は貯湯タンク１１２の天板に接続されている。上記した排熱回収は、貯湯タンク１１２内の温水を、ポンプＰ（例えば、図３のポンプ２８，３３，４２，４３，４７）を介して循環させることにより行われる。熱交換器２７でも排熱が回収される。水供給管６１と温水供給管６２との間には、貯湯タンク１１２をバイパスして温水を流すための、開閉弁Ｂおよびガスバーナを用いた追焚き器６３が接続され、さらに貯湯タンク１１２には、高水位における水温Ｔ１を検出する高水位温度センサ６５と、この高水位温度センサ６５よりも低水位における水温Ｔ２を検出する低水位温度センサ６６とが付設されている。 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, city water is supplied into the hot water storage tank 112 through the water supply pipe 61 connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 112. The city water supplied to the hot water storage tank 112 recovers exhaust heat from the fuel cell power generation system (small household power supply system S) and is heated to a predetermined temperature. Hot water is supplied to the outside through the hot water supply pipe 62. The hot water supply pipe 62 is connected to the top plate of the hot water storage tank 112. The exhaust heat recovery described above is performed by circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank 112 via a pump P (for example, pumps 28, 33, 42, 43, and 47 in FIG. 3). The heat exchanger 27 also recovers exhaust heat. Between the water supply pipe 61 and the hot water supply pipe 62, a reheating device 63 using an on-off valve B and a gas burner for bypassing the hot water storage tank 112 and flowing hot water is connected. A high water level temperature sensor 65 for detecting the water temperature T1 at the high water level and a low water level temperature sensor 66 for detecting the water temperature T2 at a lower water level than the high water level temperature sensor 65 are additionally provided.

つぎに、この貯湯・給湯システムの動作を説明する。図５に示すように、まず、高水位温度センサ６５によって、貯湯タンク１１２内の高水位における水温Ｔ１を検出し（Ｓ１）、この水温Ｔ１が例えば６０℃以上か否かを判定する（Ｓ２）。この水温Ｔ１が６０℃以下であれば、この貯湯タンク１１２内に貯湯されたお湯は外部への給湯に適さないため、開閉弁Ａを閉じ、開閉弁Ｂを開いて、追焚き器６３を動作させ、この追焚き器６３で生成された６０℃以上の温水を、温水供給管６２を通じて外部に給湯する（Ｓ３）。この水温Ｔ１が例えば６０℃以上であれば、今度は、低水位温度センサ６６によって、貯湯タンク１１２内の低水位における水温Ｔ２を検出し（Ｓ４）、この水温Ｔ２が６０℃以下か否かを判定する（Ｓ５）。この水温Ｔ２が６０℃以上であれば、貯湯タンク１１２内に貯湯されたお湯の量は豊富であるため、開閉弁Ｂを閉じ、開閉弁Ａを開いて、貯湯タンク１１２のお湯を温水供給管６２を通じて外部に給湯する（Ｓ６）。 Next, the operation of this hot water storage / hot water supply system will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, first, the water temperature T1 at the high water level in the hot water storage tank 112 is detected by the high water temperature sensor 65 (S1), and it is determined whether or not the water temperature T1 is, for example, 60 ° C. or higher (S2). . If the water temperature T1 is 60 ° C. or less, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 112 is not suitable for hot water supply to the outside, so the on-off valve A is closed and the on-off valve B is opened to operate the reheating device 63. Then, hot water of 60 ° C. or higher generated by the reheating device 63 is supplied to the outside through the hot water supply pipe 62 (S3). If the water temperature T1 is 60 ° C. or higher, for example, the low water level temperature sensor 66 detects the water temperature T2 at the low water level in the hot water storage tank 112 (S4), and determines whether the water temperature T2 is 60 ° C. or lower. Determine (S5). If the water temperature T2 is 60 ° C. or higher, the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 112 is abundant. Therefore, the open / close valve B is closed and the open / close valve A is opened to supply hot water from the hot water storage tank 112 to the hot water supply pipe. Hot water is supplied to the outside through 62 (S6).

Ｓ４で、水温Ｔ２が６０℃以下の場合、貯湯タンク１１２内に貯湯されたお湯の量は豊富でなく、６０℃以上の温水は高水位の部分にしか溜まっていない。この場合、本実施形態では、開閉弁Ａ，Ｂの開閉をおこなわず、現状態をそのまま維持する（Ｓ７）。すなわち、貯湯タンク１１２内のお湯を利用しているときは、そのまま継続して、貯湯タンク１１２内のお湯を利用し続け、追焚き器６３で生成された温水を利用しているときは、そのまま継続して、追焚き器６３で生成された温水を利用し続ける。 In S4, when the water temperature T2 is 60 ° C. or lower, the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 112 is not abundant, and hot water of 60 ° C. or higher is accumulated only in the high water level. In this case, in this embodiment, the on-off valves A and B are not opened and closed, and the current state is maintained as it is (S7). That is, when the hot water in the hot water storage tank 112 is used, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 112 is continuously used, and when the hot water generated by the reheating device 63 is used, Continuously, the hot water generated by the reheating device 63 is continuously used.

本実施形態では、燃料電池発電システムの排熱回収時間帯と給湯使用時間帯とが重なり合って温水が不足した場合、追焚き器６３が動作して、追焚き器６３の温水が利用されるので、常に給湯が可能になる。また、上述した制御ループの中で、開閉弁Ａ，Ｂの開閉をおこなわず、現状態をそのまま維持するステップ（Ｓ７）が設けられるので、貯湯タンク１１２内のお湯の温度変化が頻繁に起こっても、開閉弁Ａ，Ｂの開閉は頻繁におこなわれず、そのチャタリングが防止される。 In this embodiment, when the exhaust heat recovery time zone of the fuel cell power generation system overlaps with the hot water use time zone and the hot water is insufficient, the reheating device 63 operates and the hot water of the reheating device 63 is used. , Always allowing hot water supply. In addition, in the control loop described above, a step (S7) is provided in which the on-off valves A and B are not opened and closed and the current state is maintained as it is, so that the temperature change of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 112 frequently occurs. However, the on-off valves A and B are not frequently opened and closed, and chattering is prevented.

以上、一実施形態に基づいて本発明を説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものでないことは明らかである。 As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on one Embodiment, it is clear that this invention is not limited to this.

本発明による固体高分子型燃料電池発電システムを家庭に設置した場合の系統図である。1 is a system diagram when a polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention is installed in a home. 図１の屋外部分を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outdoor part of FIG. 固体高分子型燃料電池発電システムの一実施形態を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generation system. 貯湯・給湯システムを示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows a hot water storage and hot water supply system. 貯湯・給湯システムのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart of a hot water storage / hot water supply system.

Explanation of symbols

１…燃料ガス、２…脱硫器、３…改質器、４…ＣＯ変成器、５…ＣＯ除去器、６…燃料電池、６ａ…燃料極（アノード）、６ｂ…空気極（カソード）、６ｃ…冷却部、１０…昇圧ポンプ、１１…ファン、１２…バーナ、１３…パイプ、１４…ファン、１５…パイプ、１７…熱交換器、１８…熱交換器、１９…熱交換器、２０…熱交換器、２１…水タンク、２２…ポンプ、２３…ポンプ、２４…ポンプ、２５…ポンプ、２６…排気系、２７…熱交換器、２８…ポンプ、３１…排気系、３２…熱交換器、３３…ポンプ、３４…プロセスガスバーナ、３５…管路、３６…開閉弁、３８…管路、３９…開閉弁、４１…熱交換器、４２…ポンプ、４３…ポンプ、４５…排気系、４６…熱交換器、４７…ポンプ、４８…ポンプ、６１…水供給管、６２…温水供給管、６３…追焚き器、６５…高水位温度センサ、６６…低水位温度センサ、９１…開閉弁、９２…開閉弁、１００…建家、１０１…低圧電灯線、１０２…電力量計、１０３…分電盤、１０４…第１のケーブル、１０５…エアコン、１０６…テレビジョン、１０７…第２のケーブル、１０８…パソコン、１０９…照明、１１０…冷蔵庫、１１１…系統連系インバータ、１１２…貯湯タンク、１１３…風呂、１１４…キッチン、１２１…燃料供給装置（脱硫器、改質器、ＣＯ変成器、ＣＯ除去器）、１２３…制御装置、１２４…ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ、１２５…イオン交換樹脂、Ａ…開閉弁、Ｂ…開閉弁、Ｐ…ポンプ、Ｓ…家庭用小型電源システム
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fuel gas, 2 ... Desulfurizer, 3 ... Reformer, 4 ... CO converter, 5 ... CO remover, 6 ... Fuel cell, 6a ... Fuel electrode (anode), 6b ... Air electrode (cathode), 6c DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Cooling part, 10 ... Boost pump, 11 ... Fan, 12 ... Burner, 13 ... Pipe, 14 ... Fan, 15 ... Pipe, 17 ... Heat exchanger, 18 ... Heat exchanger, 19 ... Heat exchanger, 20 ... Heat Exchanger, 21 ... water tank, 22 ... pump, 23 ... pump, 24 ... pump, 25 ... pump, 26 ... exhaust system, 27 ... heat exchanger, 28 ... pump, 31 ... exhaust system, 32 ... heat exchanger, 33 ... Pump, 34 ... Process gas burner, 35 ... Pipe, 36 ... Open / close valve, 38 ... Pipe, 39 ... Open / close valve, 41 ... Heat exchanger, 42 ... Pump, 43 ... Pump, 45 ... Exhaust system, 46 ... Heat exchanger, 47 ... pump, 48 ... pump, 61 ... water supply pipe, 62 ... warm Supply pipe, 63 ... reheating device, 65 ... high water temperature sensor, 66 ... low water temperature sensor, 91 ... open / close valve, 92 ... open / close valve, 100 ... building, 101 ... low piezoelectric lamp wire, 102 ... watt hour meter, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 103 ... Distribution board, 104 ... 1st cable, 105 ... Air conditioner, 106 ... Television, 107 ... 2nd cable, 108 ... Personal computer, 109 ... Lighting, 110 ... Refrigerator, 111 ... Grid connection inverter, 112 ... Hot water storage tank, 113 ... bath, 114 ... kitchen, 121 ... fuel supply device (desulfurizer, reformer, CO converter, CO remover), 123 ... control device, 124 ... DC / DC converter, 125 ... ion exchange resin A ... Open / close valve, B ... Open / close valve, P ... Pump, S ... Small household power supply system

Claims

A fuel cell main body that generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, a hydrogen supply device that generates hydrogen from raw fuel and supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell main body, the fuel cell main body and / or the hydrogen supply A heat exchanger for raising the temperature of the water by heat generated from the apparatus, a hot water storage means for storing the water heated by the heat exchanger , a water supply means for supplying water from the outside to the hot water storage means, and the hot water storage means the hot water system having a hot water supply means for supply feeding the heating water to the outside from
A bypass path provided between the water supply means and the hot water supply means, not via the hot water storage means;
A temperature raising means for raising the temperature of water using a gas burner provided in the bypass path;
Switching means for switching whether to supply the heated water from the hot water storage means to the outside or from the temperature raising means to the outside;
First temperature detection means provided in the hot water storage means for detecting the temperature of the water stored in the hot water storage means;
A second temperature detection means for detecting a temperature of water stored in the hot water storage means, the hot water storage means being provided below the first temperature detection means;
A hot water supply system characterized by comprising:

In hot water supply system according to claim 1,
When the water temperature detected by the first temperature detection means is not less than a first predetermined temperature and the water temperature detected by the second temperature detection means is not more than a second predetermined temperature, A hot water supply system, wherein the switching means is not switched .