JP3929413B2 - Pillow - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a sleeper, and more particularly, to preventing vibration generated as a train passes from propagating to a sleeper support structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Since railroad tracks frequently support heavy loads, various problems arise. For example, in bridge tracks where rails are laid on steel girders, noise problems occur due to steel girder resonance, and in tracked floor tracks where rails are laid on ballast, track subsidence due to ballast refinement and flow Occurs. Moreover, in a non-road floor track in which rails are laid on the road bed, there is a problem of track deterioration due to concrete graining or cracking.
[0003]
  Countermeasures for the problems occurring in each of these tracks are common, and conventionally, a method of arranging an elastic material between the vibrating portion and the support portion has been adopted.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
      JP 2001-172901 A
[0005]
  The vibration isolator disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with an elastic material between a sleeper and a road floor or a steel girder to elastically support a train load, and a collision between a rail and a sleeper, It is intended to reduce the vibration of the sleeper that becomes a resonance factor of the road bed and the steel girder by buffering the collision occurring between the road bed and the steel beam. In addition, by disposing the elastic material, the load applied to the sleepers is reduced while the load on the sleepers is reduced, thereby reducing the propagation of vibrations to the roadbed and steel girders and the support structure. Stress fatigue is reduced.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  However, since the vibration isolator disclosed in Patent Document 1 supports a large load accompanying the passage of a train through a soft elastic material such as rubber or urethane elastomer, an elastic material that is likely to deteriorate is periodically added. It had to be exchanged, and the exchange work was forced while lifting the rail. In addition, to prevent the elastic material from shifting due to lateral pressure associated with the passage of the train, a special position method is used to install the elastic material or use a structure that contains the elastic material in a dedicated misalignment prevention device. The cost was high.
[0007]
  Originally, in a structure in which both ends of the sleeper are supported by steel girders, such as a bridge sleeper, or in a structure in which both ends of the sleeper are supported by uneven parts on the road floor, such as a sleeper on a non-road track, the sleeper itself is a train. Has the function of elastically supporting the load. However, no material has been developed that exhibits a sufficient noise suppression effect due to the elasticity of the sleeperwood, and it has been extremely uneconomical to provide a separate elastic material without utilizing the elasticity of the sleeperwood.
  Thus, in order to suppress vibration and noise, railway companies have to spend a great deal of labor and cost, and the development of sleepers that have vibration control and excellent maintainability has been awaited.
[0008]
  This invention is proposed in view of the said situation, and it aims at providing the sleeper which expresses favorable damping nature by the sleeper itself, without arrange | positioning an elastic material etc. on the bottom face of a sleeper.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In the invention according to claim 1 proposed to achieve the above object, one or more rails are placed on any one of the upper end surfaces, and one or more portions of the lower end surface are substantially covered. In a sleeper tree that is supported by another member as a support part, a specific rail placed on the sleeper tree and a maximum load that bears the load of the specific rail among the one or more supported parts most Paying attention to the supported part, assuming a projection path starting from the bottom surface of the rail to the maximum load supported part, 80% or more of the projection path is blocked by the viscous materialIs.
[0010]
  Here, in the present invention, a sleeper having a plurality of supported parts at the lower end surface is directly or indirectly on a steel girder, for example, a sleeper placed across two steel girders in a bridge track or the like. The two parts (plurality) of the lower end surface of the sleeper that abuts on the base material form a supported part. A sleeper with a single supported portion at the lower end surface means that the entire lower end surface of the sleeper abuts against the ballast, such as a sleeper placed on the ballast in a bedded track, etc. It refers to what forms the part.
[0011]
  By the way, pillows made of synthetic wood or concrete sleepers contain finely dispersed material pieces such as glass fibers and iron wires that are easily dispersed in the inside, so that vibration is induced when a load is applied to the sleepers. easy. In addition, ballasts and concrete particles distributed around the sleeper trees are easily excited by vibration. The vibration of these material pieces and elementary grains is considered to propagate to the interior of the sleeper, the surface, and the periphery of the sleeper with the upper end surface of the sleeper on which the rail is placed as the vibration source. In addition to the rigid body vibration, it is thought that the resonance of the steel girder and the minute vibration of the roadbed occur simultaneously.
[0012]
  According to the present invention, in the case of the sleeper laid on the bridge track, the projection path from the bottom surface of the specific rail placed on the sleeper to the maximum load supported portion closest to the specific rail. More than 80% is blocked by viscous material. In addition, in the case of a sleeper laying on a roadbed track, 80% or more of the projected path from the bottom surface of a specific rail placed on the sleeper to the supported part formed by the entire lower end surface of the sleeper is viscous. Blocked by substance. Here, the viscous substance is a substance having a property of damping vibration energy and converting it into heat energy. That is, the viscous substance has a function of damping vibration by converting vibration energy into heat energy.
[0013]
  According to the present invention, 80% or more of the projection path serving as a main part of vibration propagation from the vibration source to the maximum load support portion is blocked by the viscous substance. Therefore, the vibration propagating from the rail bottom surface toward the maximum load supported portion through the projection path is attenuated by the viscous material, and the propagation of the vibration to the maximum load supported portion can be substantially blocked. Thereby, it becomes possible to suppress the resonance of the steel girder and the slight vibration of the road bed. The rate at which the projection path is blocked by the viscous material is better as it is closer to 100%. However, by blocking 80% or more, it is possible to generally block vibration propagating from the sleeper to the bearing structure.
[0014]
  The present invention may be applied to a configuration in which the rail is directly placed on the sleeper or may be applied to a configuration in which the rail is placed via a rigid body such as a tie plate. In either case, the starting point of the projection path is the bottom surface of the rail.
[0015]
  According to the second aspect of the present invention, one or more rails are placed on any one of the upper end surfaces via a rigid body, and one or more portions of the lower end surface are substantially supported portions. In the sleeper supported by the member, the particular rail placed on the sleeper and the maximum load supported part that bears the largest load of the specific rail among the one or more supported parts. Assuming a projection path starting from the bottom surface of the rigid body on which the rail is placed and reaching the maximum load supported portion, 80% or more of the projection path is blocked by the viscous materialIs.
[0016]
  This invention limits the mounting structure of the rail in the sleeper of the said Claim 1. In other words, in the present invention, the rail is not placed directly on the sleeper, but is placed on the upper end surface of the sleeper through a rigid body. Here, the rigid body specifically refers to a fixing member such as a tie plate. In the present invention, as the rail is fixed to the upper end surface of the sleeper tree through the rigid body, the starting point of the projection path is the bottom surface of the rigid body. According to the present invention, the same vibration damping effect as that of the sleeper described in claim 1 can be obtained.
[0017]
  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the sleeper tree according to the first or second aspect, all the projection paths are blocked by a viscous material.
[0018]
  According to the present invention, since all of the projection path is blocked by the viscous material, the vibration propagating toward the maximum load support portion using the bottom surface of the rail or the bottom surface of the rigid body fixing the rail as the vibration source is a viscous material. Attenuation is prevented from reaching the maximum load supported part. Thereby, it becomes possible to suppress the resonance of the steel girder and the slight vibration of the road bed.
[0019]
  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the sleeper according to any one of the first to third aspects, the viscous substance is within 100 mm from the mounting surface of the rail or 100 mm from the maximum load supported portion. It is set as the structure by which the said projection path was interrupted | blocked by being provided in between or both.
[0020]
  The present invention defines the arrangement structure of viscous substances in the height direction of sleepers. The viscous material is preferably provided close to the mounting surface of the sleeper rail or the maximum load supported portion. By providing the viscous material in this way, it is possible to effectively block the projection path while reducing the arrangement area of the viscous material. The viscous material is preferably within 100 mm from the mounting surface of the rail or the maximum load supported portion, and optimally within 50 mm.
[0021]
  Further, the viscous material may be provided close to both the mounting surface of the rail and the maximum load supported portion. By providing both, it is possible to further improve the effect of blocking vibration propagation in the projection path. In both cases, the viscous material is preferably within 100 mm from the mounting surface of the rail and the maximum load supported portion, and optimally within 50 mm.
[0022]
  A fifth aspect of the present invention is the sleeper according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the viscous substance is distributed in a band shape.
[0023]
  Here, the configuration in which the viscous substance is distributed in the form of a band in the present invention is formed by a set of viscous substances subdivided into an appropriate shape as well as a configuration in which the viscous substance is arranged in a plane like a band. Including a band-like form. In addition, the arrangement of the viscous material includes a configuration in which the viscous material itself is disposed directly inside the sleeper, and a configuration in which the viscous material is impregnated or inserted into the laminated material and disposed in the sleeper.
  According to the present invention, it is possible to uniformly block the projection path while reducing the necessary amount of the viscous material by distributing the viscous material in a band shape.
[0024]
  As a configuration example in which the viscous material is arranged in a strip shape, a configuration in which a strip-like opening is opened in the sleeper and the viscous material is filled therein, or the viscous material is closely attached to the inner wall thereof can be adopted. According to this configuration, the propagation of vibration in the projection path can be effectively blocked by the viscous material filled or closely attached to the band-shaped opening, and the necessary amount of the viscous material can be reduced.
[0025]
  In a configuration in which a viscous material is impregnated or inserted into the laminate and placed inside the sleeper, the laminated material to be impregnated or inserted with the viscous material is appropriately selected from hard resin, glass, metal, hard rubber, fiber reinforced composite, wood, etc. The hard material can be suitably used. These laminates are made of fibrous materials having an entangled structure such as non-woven fabrics, flat mats, wire meshes, glass mats, and sheets with grooves or irregularities on the surface in order to impregnate or insert viscous materials. What was processed into the shape etc. is good.
[0026]
  The invention described in claims 1 and 2A plurality of cylindrical holes extending in the width direction on the side surface of the sleeper are arranged in a band shape, and a viscous substance is arranged in close contact with the inner wall of the hole.
[0027]
  In the present invention, the viscous substance may be disposed in close contact only with the inner wall of the hole, or may be filled in the hole. The hole may be a through hole penetrating in the width direction of the sleeper. According to this configuration, it is possible to easily block 80% or more of the projection path by the viscous material by narrowing the interval between the adjacent holes within the allowable range of the stress according to the material of the sleeper. In addition, by arranging two or more rows of holes in a zigzag pattern and forming a set of holes in a band shape, the gap between adjacent holes is secured and the stress is maintained within an allowable range. It is also possible to further increase the blocking ratio of the projection path by the substance. In particular, when the sleeper body is required to elastically support the rail load, such as a bridge sleeper, a structure in which a plurality of such through holes are arranged is advantageous in strength compared to a structure in which a strip-shaped opening is provided. is there.
[0028]
  In the above-described present invention, the viscous substance is a substance that develops viscosity as a single substance or a dispersible substance, and the larger the index indicating viscosity, that is, the loss coefficient tan δ indicating dynamic viscoelasticity, the more vibration is generated. On the other hand, a great damping effect is obtained.
  When the loss factor tan δ of the viscous material is less than 0.1, the viscosity is small and the vibration damping effect due to the provision of the viscous material does not appear. In view of the vibration damping effect, the loss factor tan δ of the viscous material is preferably 0.1 or more, and the loss coefficient tan δ of the viscous material is optimally 1 or more.
[0029]
  When the viscous material is composed of a single material, a gel material is used. Here, the gel in the present invention refers to a crosslinkable polymer material in which molecules between crosslinks have a soft polymer structure. For example, a linear polymer with few branches such as soft urethane and polyolefin corresponds to the gel. On the other hand, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and the like do not correspond to gels even in the same linear type. In general, whether or not the polymer is a soft polymer is determined by whether or not an alkylene group having 2 or more carbon atoms is contained in the polymer unit of the main chain. For example, if ethylene or propylene is contained in the main chain, there is a high possibility that the polymer becomes a soft polymer. On the other hand, if a conjugated ring such as a benzene ring is included, the possibility is low.
[0030]
  Further, these gels may be used together with a non-volatile liquid substance having high compatibility with each polymer, thereby improving the viscosity. For example, liquid polyol is used in combination with soft urethane, and oil or the like is used in combination with polyolefin. In particular, by using a gel material obtained by mixing and curing a polyol and an isocyanate in a viscous substance, the loss factor tan δ is large, weather resistance and chemical resistance are excellent, and it is optimal as a viscous substance.
[0031]
  A viscous substance is not limited to a single substance, but may be a dispersible substance that develops viscosity by dispersing minerals, minerals, metals, composites, etc. of any shape in the matrix substance. good. For example, bearings, sand, fly ash, aerosil, iron powder, mica, glass fiber, clay mineral, etc. are used as the dispersing material. Further, the dispersion material may be extremely small, such as a clay mineral whose shape cannot be confirmed without using a microscope.
[0032]
  Soft elastic materials such as rubber and urethane elastomer, which are widely used as anti-vibration materials, also fall under the above-mentioned crosslinkable polymer materials, but those that can be obtained at low cost lack viscosity and are not suitable as viscous materials. Is appropriate. If a linear polymer component is increased in the synthesis stage or combined with a non-volatile liquid substance, a viscosity corresponding to a gel appears even if it does not function as an elastic material. In addition, exceptionally high-molecular-weight linear polymers such as polynorbornene are rubbers and have high viscosity. These are expensive, but can be used as viscous substances in the present invention
[0033]
  In addition, when a viscous substance is used in combination with a dispersible substance, if the substance serving as a matrix is a gel, the vibration suppressing effect is great, but it is not necessarily a gel. This is because the dispersible substance itself has an effect of increasing the loss coefficient tan δ. For example, particles having plate-like crystals such as mica are said to express tan δ of 0.1 or more when dispersed in a matrix, and a large damping effect can be expected. Therefore, even if it is a soft elastic material such as rubber or urethane elastomer, if these substances can be dispersed, a large damping effect may be obtained. Usually, in consideration of dispersibility, a non-volatile liquid substance or gel is used for the matrix.
[0034]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Embodiments of the present invention will be sequentially described below with reference to the drawings. Prior to the description of the embodiment, projection paths assumed when rails are laid on a bridge track and a bedded track will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the sleeper tree 10 is laid on a bridge track, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the sleeper tree 10 is laid on a roadbed track.
[0035]
  When the sleeper 10 is laid on the bridge track, rails R are fixed to the left and right of the upper end surface 10a via tie plates T, and the lower end surfaces 10c on both ends of the sleeper 10 are I-shaped steel girders that are directed to the support member 16. It is supported at 15. Accordingly, the portion of the lower end surface 10c that contacts the support member 16 provided on the left and right I-shaped steel beams 15 forms the supported portion 10d.
[0036]
  Here, paying attention to the rail R fixed to the right side of the sleeper 10, the supported part 10 d that bears the largest load applied from the right rail R is the supported part 10 d located on the right side of the sleeper 10. . That is, the supported portion 10d located on the right side of the sleeper 10 becomes the maximum load supported portion 10d of the right rail R.
[0037]
  Accordingly, a projection path A (a part surrounded by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1) starting from the bottom surface of the tie plate (rigid body) T fixed to the upper end surface 10a of the sleeper tree 10 and reaching the right maximum load supported portion 10d. Can be assumed. A similar projection path A can be assumed for the left rail R. The projection path A is a main propagation path of vibration propagated toward the maximum load supported portion 10d using the bottom surface of the tie plate T that fixes the rail R as a vibration source. In the present invention, the vibration path in the projection path A is In order to cut off the propagation, a structure in which a viscous substance is arranged at an appropriate part of the sleeper 10 is adopted.
[0038]
  On the other hand, a projection path assumed when the sleeper tree 10 is laid on a bedded floor track will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, when the sleeper 10 is laid on the roadbed track, the rail R is fixed to the left and right of the upper end surface 10 a via the tie plate T, and the entire lower end surface 10 c of the sleeper 10 is in contact with the ballast S. Accordingly, the entire lower end surface 10c in contact with the ballast S becomes the supported portion (10c), and the maximum load supported portions of the right and left rails R of the sleeper 10 are all the same as the lower end surface 10c.
[0039]
  Therefore, a projection path B (part surrounded by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 2) starting from the bottom surface of the tie plate (rigid body) T fixed to the upper end surface 10a of the sleeper 10 is assumed. The A similar projection path B is assumed for the left rail R. The projection path B serves as a main propagation path of vibration propagated toward the maximum load supported portion 10c using the bottom surface of the tie plate T that fixes the rail R as a vibration source.
  1 and 2, even if the rail R is fixed to the sleeper body 10 via a tie plate, the projection paths A and B can be assumed with the bottom surface of the rail R as a base point. is there.
[0040]
  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a front view showing the structure of the sleeper according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of the projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 3 is laid on the bridge track. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view and a perspective view showing the structure of the sleeper according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of the projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 5 is laid on the bridge track. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of the projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 5 is laid on a roadbed track. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view, a partially enlarged view, and a perspective view showing the structure of the sleeper according to the third embodiment. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of the projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 8 is laid on the bridge track. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the structure of the sleeper according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of the projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 10 is laid on a roadbed track.
[0041]
  As shown in FIG. 3, the sleeper tree 2 of the first embodiment has a large number of cylindrical through holes 20 that penetrate in the width direction on the side surface 10 b of a prismatic sleeper tree (a sleeper body) 10. The structure is filled with viscous material.
  As shown in FIG. 4, the through hole 20 covers a range from a portion where the tie plate T is fixed to the upper end surface 10a of the sleeper body 10 to a portion where the support member 16 of the I-shaped steel beam 15 contacts the lower end surface 10c. As shown in the figure, the side surface 10b is arranged in a strip shape in two vertical rows at the center in the height direction. Each through-hole 20 is positioned so that the central axis of the lower row of through-holes 20 is positioned between the central axes of adjacent upper-row through-holes 20 so that the central axes of the upper and lower through-holes 20 are It is arranged in a staggered pattern so as not to overlap.
[0042]
  Each through hole 20 is filled with the viscous material 12. In the present embodiment, a urethane gel obtained by mixing two types of liquids having the following formulation is employed as a viscous substance. In order to fill the through holes 20 with the viscous substance 12, polyol and isocyanate are mixed and injected into each through hole 20, and the both sides of the through hole 20 are covered and aged for several days, and then cured by reaction. As a result, the urethane gel is filled into the through hole 20, and the urethane gel is brought into close contact with and integrated with the inner wall of the through hole 20. At this time, the loss factor tan δ of the viscous material (urethane gel) 12 is approximately 1. The sleeper tree 2 of the first embodiment is completed by the above manufacturing procedure.
[0043]
(Prescription example of viscous material)
  Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd. polyol (Product name: STP-00EC07) ... 92 parts by weight
  Isocyanate manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd. (Product name: ST-0397) 8 parts by weight
[0044]
  When the completed sleeper 2 is laid on the bridge track, the lower end surfaces 10c on both ends of the sleeper main body 10 are supported by the left and right I-shaped steel beams 15 directed to the support member 16 as shown in FIG. A portion of the lower end surface 10 c that comes into contact with the member 16 becomes the supported portion 21. Accordingly, a projection path A (a portion surrounded by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 4) starting from the bottom surface of the tie plate T fixed to the upper end surface 10a of the sleeper body 10 and reaching the right maximum load supported portion 21 is assumed. be able to. A similar projection path A can be assumed for the left rail R. This projection path A becomes the main propagation path of vibration.
[0045]
  The sleeper tree 2 has a structure in which the plurality of through holes 20 are arranged in a band shape at a portion crossing the projection path A, and thus the projection path A is blocked by the viscous material 12 filled in the through holes 20. Therefore, the vibration propagating from the bottom surface of the tie plate T toward the maximum load supported portion 21 through the projection path A is converted into thermal energy by the viscous material 12 and is attenuated. Thereby, the vibration which propagates to the I-type steel beam 15 which supports the sleeper 2 is reduced, and it becomes possible to prevent generation of noise due to resonance.
[0046]
  In particular, in the sleeper 2, since the through holes 20 are arranged in a staggered manner in two upper and lower rows as described above, a gap is generated between adjacent through holes 20 against vibration propagating through the projection path A. Absent. As a result, the projection path A can be almost completely blocked by the viscous material 12, and the propagation of vibration to the I-shaped steel beam 15 can be effectively prevented. Note that the sleeper tree 2 of the present embodiment is not particularly referred to the material of the sleeper body 10, but can be manufactured using ordinary wood or synthetic wood.
[0047]
  Next, the sleeper 3 of the second embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the sleeper 3 is formed with a narrow recess 32 and a wide recess 33 by providing two steps on the upper end surface 10 a in the vicinity of both longitudinal ends of the sleeper main body 10 over the entire length in the width direction. Then, the viscous member 30 impregnated with the viscous substance 12 is disposed in the concave portion 32, and the lid 31 is fitted from above.
[0048]
  The sleeper tree main body 10 and the lid 31 are made of synthetic wood (trade name “Eslon Neo Lumber FFU” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., specific gravity 0.74) made of long glass fiber reinforced hard resin foam. In addition, the viscous member 30 is a member obtained by impregnating a continuous mat with a viscous substance (same as the viscous substance employed in the first embodiment) and shaping and hardening it in a flat plate shape.
  The viscous member 30 adjusts the number of continuous mats so that the height at the time of the closest compression accompanying the load application substantially coincides with the depth of the recess 32, and the viscous member 30 is applied when a train load is applied. A structure is employed in which the load is supported on the entire surface and stress is prevented from concentrating locally on the lid 31.
[0049]
  When the sleeper 3 is laid on the bridge track, as shown in FIG. 6, the lower end surfaces 10 c of the longitudinal end portions of the sleeper main body 10 are supported by I-shaped steel beams 15 directed to the support members 16, A portion of the lower end surface 10c that comes into contact forms the supported portion 34. Therefore, starting from the bottom surface of the tie plate T fixed to the upper end surface 10a of the sleeper main body 10, the projection path A (portion surrounded by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 6) reaching the maximum load supported portion 34 on the right side is vibrated. It is assumed as the main propagation path. A similar projection path A is assumed for the left rail R.
[0050]
  In the sleeper tree 3, the viscous member 30 is disposed at a site crossing the projection path A, and thus the projection path A is completely blocked by the viscous material 12 as shown in FIG. 6. Therefore, the vibration propagating from the bottom surface of the tie plate T toward the maximum load supported portion 21 through the projection path A is attenuated by the viscous material 12 and the vibration propagating to the I-shaped steel girder 15 supporting the sleeper 3 is reduced. It becomes possible to do.
[0051]
  When the sleeper tree 3 is laid on the roadbed track, as shown in FIG. 7, the entire lower end surface 10c of the sleeper body 10 is supported by ballast, and the lower end surface 10c becomes a supported portion (cider-weighted supported portion) 10c. . Therefore, the projection path B (part surrounded by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 7) starting from the bottom surface of the tie plate T fixed to the upper end face 10a is assumed as the main propagation path of vibration. The A similar projection path B is assumed for the left rail R.
[0052]
  The sleeper tree 3 has a structure in which the viscous path 30 is substantially blocked by the viscous material 12 because the viscous member 30 is disposed at a position crossing the projected path B. Therefore, the vibration propagating from the bottom surface of the tie plate T toward the maximum load supported portion 10c through the projection path B is attenuated by the viscous material 12, and the vibration propagating to the ballast S can be reduced. The accompanying ballast S can be prevented from flowing out.
[0053]
  As described above, the sleeper tree 3 of the present embodiment can express a vibration damping effect even in a bridge track or a bedded track, and the lid 31 made of the same material is fitted on the upper surface of the sleeper body 10. The appearance is the same as a normal sleeper. Moreover, by providing the viscous member 30, vibration excitation of the glass fiber contained in the synthetic wood can be effectively suppressed, and the vibration damping effect is great.
[0054]
  Next, the sleeper 4 of the third embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8C, the sleeper tree 4 is formed with a recess 40 that is notched upward over the entire length in the width direction on the lower end surface 10 c in the vicinity of both longitudinal ends of the sleeper body 10. A viscous member 41 in which the viscous substance 12 is housed and a support member 42 are fitted.
[0055]
  The sleeper main body 10 and the support member 42 are made of synthetic wood made of a long glass fiber reinforced hard resin foam. As shown in FIG. 8B, the viscous member 42 is a member obtained by superposing plate bodies 41 made of hard rubber, and a plurality of grooves 41b having a semi-elliptical cross section are arranged in parallel on the inner surface of the plate body 41. The groove 41b is filled with a viscous material (same as the viscous material employed in the first embodiment).
[0056]
  When the sleeper 4 is laid on the bridge track, as shown in FIG. 9, the support member 42 of the sleeper body 10 is supported in contact with the I-shaped steel girder 15, and the upper surface 42a of the support member 42 is supported by the supported portion (maximum load support portion). ) 42a. Therefore, starting from the bottom surface of the tie plate T fixed to the upper end surface 10a of the sleeper body 10, the projection path A (enclosed by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 9) as a main propagation path of vibration reaching the maximum load supported portion 42a on the right side. Is assumed). A similar projection path A is assumed for the left rail R.
[0057]
  The sleeper 4 has a structure in which the projection path A is completely blocked by the viscous substance 12 because the viscous member 41 is disposed at a site crossing the projection path A. Therefore, the vibration propagating from the bottom surface of the tie plate T toward the maximum load supported portion 21 through the projection path A is attenuated by the viscous material 12 to reduce the vibration propagating to the I-shaped steel beam 15 that supports the sleeper 4. It becomes possible to do.
[0058]
  In addition, the sleeper 4 of the present embodiment is such that the hard rubber of the viscous member 41 also functions as an elastic material for the sleeper main body 10, so that the wooden sleeper or synthetic sleeper placed on a steel girder or roadbed that cannot be spanned is used. Even expresses high damping force. Further, since the viscous member 41 is disposed at a site where the shear stress is large, a stable elastic effect can be obtained even when the spring constant of the hard rubber is high.
[0059]
  Next, the sleeper 5 of the fourth embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the sleeper tree 5 is provided with a groove 50 that retreats over the entire length along the longitudinal direction on the lower end surface 10 c of the sleeper body 10, and the viscous material 12 (see The same structure as that of the viscous material employed in the embodiment is filled. The width of the groove 50 is slightly narrower than the width of the sleeper body 10. In the present embodiment, beech material is used for the sleeper main body 10. Although the viscous substance 12 is a liquid before gelation, it is cured and integrated into the groove 50 of the sleeper body 10 so that it does not flow out or peel off even when placed downward as shown in FIG. .
[0060]
  When the sleeper 4 is laid on the roadbed track, as shown in FIG. 11, the entire lower end surface 10c (viscous substance 12) of the sleeper main body 10 is supported by ballast, and the lower end surface 10c is supported portion (maximum load supported portion) 10c. It becomes. Accordingly, a projection path B (a part surrounded by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 10) is assumed as a main propagation path of vibration reaching the maximum load supported part 10c, starting from the bottom surface of the tie plate T fixed to the upper end face 10a. be able to.
[0061]
  The sleeper tree 4 has a structure in which the projection path B is completely blocked by the viscous substance 12 because the viscous substance 12 is disposed at the lower end surface 10 c of the sleeper body 10, that is, at a site crossing the projection path B. Therefore, the vibration propagating in the projection path B toward the maximum load supported portion 10c using the bottom surface of the tie plate T as the vibration source is attenuated by the viscous material 12, and the vibration propagating to the ballast S can be reduced. .
[0062]
  Moreover, when the sleeper tree 4 of the present embodiment is laid on a roadbed track, the ballast S is placed in a state where the ballast S has bitten into the viscous material 12 provided on the lower end surface 10c. Further, when the sleeper 4 is laid on a non-road floor track that fixes the sleeper by placing concrete, the concrete particles are placed in a state where the concrete particles have bitten into the viscous material 12. Thereby, it is possible to dampen the minute vibrations of the ballast S and the concrete elementary particles by damping them with the viscous material. Moreover, when the ballast S and the concrete grain bite into the viscous material 12, the unevenness of the support portion can be absorbed and the load can be dispersed, and the stability of the sleeper 4 is improved.
[0063]
  As mentioned above, although Embodiment 1-4 of this invention was demonstrated, the sleeper of this invention is not restricted to the structure of the said embodiment. In other words, the viscous substance 12 provided on the sleeper can be formed in an appropriate shape at an appropriate part of the sleeper within an allowable range of stress according to the material of the sleeper main body 10 as long as a part or all of the projection path can be cut off. It is possible to arrange.
[0064]
  Further, in the sleepers 2 and 4 shown in the above embodiment, the viscous substance 12 is filled in the through holes and the recesses of the sleeper body, but the structure in which the viscous substance 12 is in close contact with the inner walls of the through holes and the recesses is adopted. It is also possible.
[0065]
  Further, the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiment, and the present invention can also be applied to a wooden sleeper, a synthetic sleeper, or a concrete sleeper.
  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the vibration-damping sleeper is used as a bridge sleeper has been described as an example, but the same applies to the case where the both ends are supported by the uneven support part on the road floor. There is a vibration control effect.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
  According to the sleeper of the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent the vibration caused by the load applied to the sleeper from propagating to the support structure of the sleeper, and to generate noise due to resonance of the support structure in the bridge track and in the roadbed track. It is possible to effectively prevent the outflow of the ballast or the concrete granulation in the non-road track. Thereby, it is possible to greatly reduce the labor and cost required for maintenance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a projection path on a bridge track.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a projection path in a bedded track.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the sleeper tree according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of a projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 3 is laid on a bridge track.
5A is an exploded perspective view of a sleeper according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a perspective view of FIG. 5A.
6 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of a projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 5 is laid on a bridge track. FIG.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of a projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 5 is laid on a bedded track.
8A is an exploded perspective view of a sleeper according to a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8B is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 8A, and FIG. 8C is a perspective view of FIG.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of a projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 8 is laid on a bridge track.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a sleeper tree according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a blocking state of a projection path when the sleeper shown in FIG. 10 is laid on a bedded track.
[Explanation of symbols]
2,3,4,5 pillow
10a Upper end surface
10c Lower end surface
10c, 10d, 21, 34, 42a Supported parts
10c, 10d, 21, 34, 42a Maximum load supported part
12 Viscous substances
A, B projection path
R rail
T rigid body (tie plate)

Claims (5)

One or more rails are placed on any of the upper end surfaces, and one or more portions of the lower end surface are substantially supported parts and are supported by other members. Pay attention to the specified specific rail and the maximum load supported portion that bears the largest load of the specific rail among the one or more supported portions, and the maximum load supported from the bottom surface of the rail 80% or more of the projection path is blocked by a viscous substance, and a plurality of columnar holes extending in the width direction are arranged in a strip shape on the side surface of the sleeper and are in close contact with the inner wall of the hole The sleeper is characterized in that the viscous substance is arranged. In the sleeper where one or more rails are placed on any one of the upper end surfaces via a rigid body, and one or more parts of the lower end surface are substantially supported by other members, Paying attention to the specific rail placed on the sleeper and the maximum load supported portion that bears the load of the specific rail the largest among the one or more supported portions, the rigid body on which the rail is placed Assuming a projection path from the bottom surface to the maximum load supported portion, 80% or more of the projection path is blocked by the viscous material, and a plurality of cylindrical holes extending in the width direction on the side surface of the sleeper A sleeper characterized in that the viscous material is arranged in close contact with the inner wall of the hole.   The sleeper according to claim 1 or 2, wherein all of the projection paths are blocked by a viscous substance.   The viscous material is provided within 100 mm from the mounting surface of the rail, or within 100 mm from the maximum load supported portion, or both, and the projection path is blocked. The sleeper tree according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The sleeper tree according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the viscous substance is distributed in a band shape.

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