JP3921815B2 - Air conditioner for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner capable of cooling and heating even when the engine is stopped, and is applied to a nap air conditioner such as a truck.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to cool and cool a nap room of a vehicle such as a truck when the vehicle is parked, the engine is idling, heated using exhaust heat from the engine, and cooled by operating the evaporative compression refrigeration cycle with engine power. It was. However, exhaust gas exhaust, fuel consumption and noise due to engine operation become problems, and it is desired to stop the engine during a nap.
[0003]
In order to cope with this, heating by a combustion heater is generally known as a heating means when the engine is stopped.
On the other hand, as a cooling means, an adsorptive cooling apparatus is shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-99731. In the adsorption-type cooling device, the refrigerant adsorbed by the adsorbent is desorbed (desorbed) by heating with an electric heater during traveling. A method of cooling using a latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant due to the adsorption action of the adsorbed adsorbent during nap has been proposed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-99731, the time and capability of nap cooling can depend on the time for desorption and the amount of adsorbed adsorbent, so that very large adsorption is required for long-time cooling. The device must be desorbed for a long time. For this reason, there is a problem that the adsorber becomes large and can only be cooled after traveling for a certain time.
[0005]
In addition, since it is necessary to perform detachment with an electric heater for a long time during traveling, an increase in engine power is required, and deterioration of traveling fuel consumption becomes a problem.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner that enables engine stop cooling / heating for a long time with a small device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner for a vehicle that does not require an increase in power during traveling and enables long-time engine stop cooling and heating.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 of the present invention, the heat exchanger (6) for exchanging heat with the conditioned air and the gas refrigerant are condensed or the liquid refrigerant is evaporated. Condensation evaporation cores (51b, 52b, 51′b) and condensation evaporation cores (51b, 52b, 51′b) are provided corresponding to the condensation evaporation cores (51b, 52b, 51′b). , 51'b) and adsorbing cores (51a, 52a, 51'a) having an adsorbent that adsorbs the refrigerant vaporized in the condensation evaporation cores (51b, 52b, 51'b) by being cooled. A fluid circuit that connects the heat exchanger (6), the condensing and evaporating core (51b, 52b, 51′b), and the adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51′a) so that the fluid can circulate, and a fluid circuit Combustion heater that heats fluid inside 40) and cooling means (21) for cooling the fluid in the fluid circulation path. During heating, the fluid heated by the combustion heater (40) is guided to the heat exchanger (6) to supply conditioned air. At the time of warming and cooling, a desorption process in which the fluid heated by the combustion heater (40) is guided to the adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51′a) to desorb the refrigerant from the adsorbent, and the cooling means (21) The fluid cooled by this is guided to the adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51'a) and the adsorption process in which the vaporized refrigerant is adsorbed by the adsorbent is alternately operated, and the condensation evaporation core (51b, 52b in the adsorption process) , 51′b) is used to cool the conditioned air by introducing the fluid cooled by the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant to the heat exchanger (6).
[0007]
According to this, since heating is performed using the heat of the combustion heater (40) at the time of heating, a long-term heating operation is possible regardless of the traveling state of the vehicle before the air conditioner is operated. In addition, the adsorption and desorption of the adsorbent are alternately operated during cooling, and as long as there is fuel in the combustion heater (40), the cooling operation can be performed. It is not necessary to increase the size of (51a, 52a, 51′a), and it can be operated for a long time with a small adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51′a). Further, since it is not necessary to detach the adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51′a) with a heat source that causes an increase in power such as an electric heater during normal traveling, fuel consumption can be improved.
[0008]
Further, as described in claim 2, the adsorption core desorption process and the adsorption process may be alternately performed using two adsorption cores (51a, 52a). By using two adsorption cores (51a, 52a), when one adsorption core is performing the desorption process, the other adsorption core can perform the adsorption process. Therefore, it is possible to continuously cool the two adsorption cores (51a, 52a) by alternately performing a desorption / adsorption process every predetermined time.
[0009]
In addition, as described in claim 3, the adsorption core desorption process and the adsorption process may be alternately performed by time division by one adsorption core (51'a). At this time, the cooling is intermittent, but the cooling capacity can be secured on average.
As described in claim 4, as the cooling means, a radiator (21) for cooling the vehicle travel engine (20) can be used.
[0010]
In addition, the code | symbol in the above-mentioned parenthesis shows the correspondence with the specific means of embodiment description later mentioned.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment shown in the drawings of an air conditioner of the present invention will be described.
(First embodiment)
1 to 4 show a first embodiment of an air conditioner of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an air conditioning unit for nap, FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of the air conditioner, and FIG. 3 is an adsorption refrigeration. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the mounting position of the nap air conditioning unit on the vehicle.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, the nap air conditioning unit 1 has an air inlet 4 at the lower portion and an air outlet 5 at the upper portion, and an air conditioning passage is formed by the unit case 2. As shown in FIG. 2, an indoor heat exchanger 6 is arranged in the air conditioning passage. And heat exchange with the air suck | inhaled by the air blower 3 arrange | positioned in the downstream and the cooling water which flows through the inside of the indoor heat exchanger 6 is performed. As shown in FIG. 4, the nap air conditioning unit 1 is disposed on a side surface that does not block the rear view from the driver of the nap room 101 at the rear of the truck driver's seat 100.
[0013]
The indoor heat exchanger 6 is connected to the combustion heater 40 through a four-way valve 35, 36 via a cooling water circuit. And it is comprised so that the cooling water heated with the combustion type heater 40 by the electric water pump 32 may circulate.
The indoor heat exchanger 6 is also connected to the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50 via a four-way valve 35, 36 in a cooling water circuit. The adsorption refrigeration cycle 50 is configured such that the cooling water heated by the combustion heater 40 is also circulated by the electric water pump 33 via the four-way valves 35 and 36. Further, the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50 is configured such that the cooling water can be circulated by the electric water pump 34 to the radiator 21 that cools the engine 20 during traveling. Note that the amount of cooling water sent from the engine 20 to the radiator 21 is controlled by the thermostat 22, and the cooling water in the radiator 21 is cooled by blowing air from the blower 21 a.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 3, the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50 includes a first adsorber 51, a second adsorber 52, and flow path switching four-way valves 53 to 56. The first adsorber 51 includes a first adsorbing core 51a and a first evaporating / condensing core 51b in a sealed container whose inside is maintained in a substantially vacuum state.
The 1st adsorption core 51a and the 1st evaporation condensation core 51b have a heat exchange part. And adsorbent (for example, silica gel, zeolite, etc.) adheres around the heat exchange part of the 1st adsorption core 51a, and the heat exchange part of the 1st evaporation condensation core 51b is enclosed in the inside of an airtight container. It is submerged in a fixed amount of refrigerant (eg water).
[0015]
The first adsorption core 51a and the second adsorption core 52a are switchably connected to a cooling water circuit connected to the combustion heater 40 and a cooling water circuit connected to the radiator 21 by four-way valves 53 and 56.
The first evaporative condensation core 51b and the second evaporative condensation core 52b are switchably connected to a cooling water circuit connected to the radiator 21 and a cooling water circuit connected to the indoor heat exchanger 6 by the four-way valves 54 and 55. Has been.
[0016]
The four-way valves 35, 36, 53 to 56, the electric water pumps 32 to 34 and the like are energized and controlled by the air conditioning control device 60. This air conditioning control device 60 is an electronic control device composed of a microcomputer and its peripheral circuits, and the four-way valves 35, 36, 53 to 56 according to the cooling and heating operation modes set by the occupant on the operation panel 70. In addition to the electric water pumps 32 to 34, drive control of the blowers 3 and 21a and capacity control of the combustion heater 40 are also performed.
[0017]
Next, the operation of the air conditioner will be described.
(1) During nap heating operation First, when the nap heating operation is selected by the occupant on the operation panel 70, the cooling water heated by the combustion heater 40 is led to the indoor heat exchanger 6 and the air flowing in the air conditioning passage And the cooling water in the indoor heat exchanger 6 are subjected to heat exchange, and the nap room 101 is heated.
[0018]
Specifically, the electric water pump 32 is operated with the four-way valves 35 and 36 at the positions indicated by broken lines in FIG. The cooling water exiting the electric water pump 32 passes through the four-way valve 36, flows into the combustion heater 40, and is heated by the combustion heat. The heated cooling water flows from the combustion heater 40 through the four-way valve 35 into the indoor heat exchanger 6 and exchanges heat with the air sucked from the air inlet 4. The heated air is blown out from the air outlet 5 to the nap room 101 by the blower 3 to heat the nap room 101. The cooling water exiting the indoor heat exchanger 6 returns to the electric water pump 32 again.
[0019]
The capacity of the combustion heater 40 is controlled by the air conditioning controller 60 so that the cooling water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 41 provided immediately after the combustion heater 40 is about 80 to 90 ° C. ing.
(2) During nap cooling operation Next, when the nap cooling operation is selected by the occupant on the operation panel 70, the four-way valves 35 and 36 are set to the solid line positions in FIG. Then, the cooling water heated by the combustion heater 40 is used for desorption of the adsorbent of one adsorption core in the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50, and is cooled by adsorption of the adsorbent of the other adsorption core in the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50. The cooled cooling water is guided to the indoor heat exchanger 6 to exchange heat with the air flowing in the air conditioning passage to cool the nap room 101.
[0020]
Hereinafter, the operation of the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50 will be specifically described.
In the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50, the first adsorption core 51a performs the adsorption process, the second adsorption core 52a performs the desorption process, the first adsorption core 51a performs the desorption process, and the second adsorption core 52a performs the adsorption process. The second step is alternately performed every predetermined time (for example, 60 seconds).
First, the first stroke is performed by setting the four-way valves 53 to 56 to the solid line positions in FIG. In this first stroke, the cooling water circulated by the electric water pump 33 passes through the four-way valve 36 and flows into the combustion heater 40 to be heated. Then, since the heated cooling water flows into the second adsorption core 52a through the four-way valves 35 and 53, the refrigerant adsorbed on the adsorbent of the second adsorption core 52a is heated and desorbed. Thereafter, the cooling water passes through the four-way valve 56 and returns to the electric water pump 33 again.
[0021]
Also at this time, the coolant temperature in the combustion heater 40 is detected by the water temperature sensor 41 provided immediately after the combustion heater 40. And the capability control of the combustion type heater 40 is performed so that a cooling water temperature is heated to about 80-90 degreeC.
The coolant circulated by the electric water pump 34 is sent to the radiator 21 that is not used for cooling the engine 20 because the engine 20 is stopped. Then, the cooling water in the radiator 21 is cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air taken in by the blower 21a, passes through the four-way valve 54, flows into the second evaporative condensation core 52b, and cools the second evaporative condensation core 52b. As a result, the gaseous refrigerant desorbed from the adsorbent is condensed (liquefied) by the evaporative condensation core 52b. Thereafter, the cooling water exiting the evaporative condensation core 52b passes through the four-way valve 55 and returns to the electric water pump 34 again.
[0022]
On the other hand, since the cooling water cooled by the radiator 21 circulates in the first adsorption core 51a as well, the first adsorption core 51a is cooled and the gaseous refrigerant is adsorbed by the adsorbent. Thereby, the liquid refrigerant in the first adsorber 51 evaporates. Then, the coolant circulated by the electric water pump 32 flows into the first evaporative condensation core 51b through the four-way valves 36 and 54. The cooling water in the first evaporative condensation core 51b is cooled by the evaporation heat when the refrigerant is adsorbed on the first adsorption core 51a. This cooling water flows into the indoor heat exchanger 6 through the four-way valves 55 and 35. And heat exchange is performed between the air sucked from the air inlet 4 and the air is cooled and dehumidified. The cooled and dehumidified air is blown out to the nap room 101 by the blower 3 to cool the nap room 101. The cooling water exiting the indoor heat exchanger 6 returns to the electric water pump 32 again.
[0023]
Even during the nap cooling operation, the combustion heater 40 is controlled by the air conditioning controller 60 so that the cooling water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 41 provided immediately after the combustion heater 40 is about 80 to 90 ° C. Control is taking place.
The second stroke is performed by setting the four-way valves 53 to 56 to the positions indicated by broken lines in FIG. In this second stroke, only the adsorption and desorption, evaporation and condensation in the first stroke described above are interchanged, and therefore the description of the operation in the second stroke is omitted.
[0024]
Therefore, by alternately performing the first stroke and the second stroke every predetermined time (for example, 60 seconds), the nap chamber 101 can be continuously cooled using the heat of the combustion heater 40. .
From the above, in the present invention, the heat of the combustion heater 40 is used to perform cooling and heating during a nap, so that a long-time nap cooling and heating operation is possible regardless of the running state of the vehicle before the nap operation is performed. .
[0025]
Further, during the cooling, the adsorption and desorption of the adsorbent are alternately operated, and can be continuously operated as long as the combustion heater 40 has heat. Therefore, even if the nap cooling operation time becomes long, the adsorber 51, The size of 52 need not be increased.
Further, since power for nap cooling is not consumed during normal traveling, fuel efficiency during traveling is also improved.
[0026]
(Second embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a system configuration diagram of an adsorption refrigeration cycle for performing cooling by performing time division on adsorption and desorption with a single adsorber in the nap cooling operation and alternately operating the system of FIG. .
In the air conditioner of the second embodiment, the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50 includes an adsorber 51 ′ composed of an adsorption core 51 ′ a, an evaporation condenser 51 ′ b, four-way valves 57 and 58, and a three-way valve 59.
[0027]
About the action | operation at the time of nap heating operation, since it is the same as that of 1st embodiment, a detail is abbreviate | omitted.
During the nap cooling operation, the four-way valves 35 and 36 are set to the solid line positions in FIG. 2 as in the first embodiment. In the adsorption refrigeration cycle 50, the adsorption (cooling) operation and the desorption operation are performed by time division (for example, at intervals of 60 seconds).
[0028]
First, at the time of adsorption (cooling) operation, the four-way valves 57 and 58 and the three-way valve 59 are set to the broken line positions in FIG. The cooling water circulated by the electric water pump 34 is sent to the radiator 21 that is not used for cooling the engine 20 because the engine 20 is stopped. Then, the cooling water in the radiator 21 is cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air taken in by the blower 21a, passes through the four-way valve 58, flows into the adsorption core 51'a, and cools the adsorption core 51'a. Thereafter, the cooling water passes through the four-way valve 57 and returns to the electric water pump 34.
[0029]
Since the adsorption core 51'a is cooled, the gaseous refrigerant is adsorbed by the adsorbent. As a result, the liquid refrigerant in the adsorber 51 'evaporates. Then, the cooling water circulated by the electric water pump 32 passes through the four-way valves 36 and 58 and flows into the evaporation condenser 51'b, and is cooled by the heat of evaporation when the refrigerant is adsorbed to the adsorption core 51'a. . This cooling water flows into the indoor heat exchanger 6 through the four-way valve 57, the three-way valve 59, and the four-way valve 35. Then, heat is exchanged with the air sucked from the air suction port 4 to cool and dehumidify the air. The cooled and dehumidified air is blown out again from the air outlet 5 to the nap room 101 by the blower 3 to cool the nap room 101. The cooling water exiting the indoor heat exchanger 6 returns to the electric water pump 32 again.
[0030]
During the adsorption (cooling) operation, the electric water pump 33 is stopped, and the combustion heater 40 is operated in order to increase the cooling water temperature that has decreased during the stop or desorption operation.
Next, during the detachment operation, the four-way valves 57 and 58 and the three-way valve 59 are set to the solid line positions in FIG. Then, the cooling water circulated by the electric water pump 33 passes through the four-way valve 36 and flows into the combustion heater 40 and is heated, and passes through the four-way valves 35 and 58 and flows into the adsorption core 51'a. The refrigerant adsorbed on the adsorbent 51'a is heated and desorbed. Thereafter, the cooling water returns to the electric water pump 33 through the four-way valve 57 and the three-way valve 59.
[0031]
The cooling water circulated by the electric water pump 34 is sent to the radiator 21 that is not used for cooling the engine 20 because the engine 20 is stopped. And the cooling water in the radiator 21 is cooled by heat exchange with the outside air taken in by the blower 21a. Thereafter, the cooling water passes through the four-way valve 58 and flows into the evaporative condensation core 51'b to cool the evaporative condensation core 51'b. As a result, the gaseous refrigerant desorbed from the adsorbent is condensed and liquefied by the evaporative condensation core 51'b. Thereafter, the cooling water exiting the evaporative condensation core 51 ′ b passes through the four-way valve 57 and returns to the electric water pump 34 again.
[0032]
Also at this time, the capacity control of the combustion heater 40 is performed so that the coolant temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 41 provided immediately after the combustion heater 40 is about 80 to 90 ° C. Moreover, the electric water pump 32 and the blower 3 that send cooling water to the indoor heat exchanger 6 are stopped.
Considering the point of air conditioning during a nap, even if intermittent cooling is performed for 60 seconds and then stopped for 60 seconds, if the average capacity can be secured, it is considered that there is no particular problem as a nap cooling operation. The nap operation can be performed by the adsorber 51 '.
[0033]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an air conditioning unit for nap of an air conditioner according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of an air conditioner showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a system configuration diagram of an adsorption refrigeration cycle in an air conditioner showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a mounting position of a nap air conditioning unit on a vehicle in the air conditioner of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a system configuration diagram of an adsorption refrigeration cycle in an air conditioner showing another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Air-conditioning unit for nap, 2 ... Unit case, 3 ... Blower,
4 ... Air inlet, 5 ... Air outlet, 6 ... Indoor heat exchanger, 20 ... Engine,
21 ... Radiator, 21a ... Blower, 22 ... Thermostat,
32, 33, 34 ... water pump, 35, 36 ... four-way valve,
40 ... combustion heater, 41 ... water temperature sensor, 50 ... adsorption refrigeration cycle,
60: Air conditioning control device, 70: Operation panel.

Claims (4)

A heat exchanger (6) for exchanging heat with conditioned air;
A condensing and evaporating core (51b, 52b, 51′b) for condensing gaseous refrigerant or evaporating liquid refrigerant;
Provided corresponding to the condensation evaporation cores (51b, 52b, 51'b), and when heated, the refrigerant is desorbed and discharged to the condensation evaporation cores (51b, 52b, 51'b) and cooled. An adsorbent core (51a, 52a, 51'a) having an adsorbent that adsorbs the refrigerant vaporized by the condensation evaporation core (51b, 52b, 51'b),
A fluid circulation path for fluidly connecting the heat exchanger (6), the condensation evaporation core (51b, 52b, 51′b) and the adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51′a);
A combustion heater (40) for heating the fluid in the fluid circulation path using the combustion heat of the fuel;
Cooling means (21) for cooling the fluid in the fluid circulation path,
At the time of heating, the fluid heated by the combustion heater (40) is led to the heat exchanger (6) to warm the conditioned air,
At the time of cooling, a desorption process in which the fluid heated by the combustion heater (40) is guided to the adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51′a) to desorb the refrigerant from the adsorbent, and the cooling means ( 21) The fluid cooled by 21) is led to the adsorption core (51a, 52a, 51′a) and the adsorption process in which the vaporized refrigerant is adsorbed by the adsorbent is alternately operated, and the condensation evaporation core in the adsorption process A vehicle air conditioner characterized in that the fluid cooled by the evaporation heat of the refrigerant in (51b, 52b, 51'b) is led to the heat exchanger (6) to cool the conditioned air. 2. The vehicle air conditioning according to claim 1, wherein cooling is continuously performed by alternately operating the adsorption core desorption process and the adsorption process using two adsorption cores (51 a, 52 a). apparatus. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the cooling process is intermittently performed by alternately operating the adsorption core desorption process and the adsorption process by dividing the time by one adsorption core (51 ′ a). Air conditioner. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cooling means uses a radiator (21) for cooling the vehicle travel engine (20).

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