JP3917906B2 - Underfloor ant structure and underfloor ant construction method - Google Patents

Underfloor ant structure and underfloor ant construction method Download PDF

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JP3917906B2
JP3917906B2 JP2002188495A JP2002188495A JP3917906B2 JP 3917906 B2 JP3917906 B2 JP 3917906B2 JP 2002188495 A JP2002188495 A JP 2002188495A JP 2002188495 A JP2002188495 A JP 2002188495A JP 3917906 B2 JP3917906 B2 JP 3917906B2
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moisture
ant
proof
layer
granular material
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JP2004027735A (en
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繁夫 吉田
聡 北川
善永 勝沢
忠男 太田
隆信 斎藤
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Panasonic Homes Co Ltd
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Panahome Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、床下防蟻構造および床下防蟻工法に関し、詳しくは、住宅などの建築物の床下空間において、地盤から基礎構造および床上構造物へと白蟻が侵入するのを防ぐ床下防蟻構造と、このような床下防蟻構造を施工する床下防蟻工法とを対象にしている。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建築物の床下空間における白蟻対策として、布基礎や束柱などの基礎構造に対して、周囲の地盤に溝を掘り、この溝に液状や粉体状の防蟻剤を充填しておく技術が知られている。基礎構造を這い上がろうとする白蟻は、周囲の溝を横断するときに防蟻剤に接触することで死滅させられる。
また、基礎構造の周囲の地盤面を、防蟻剤が含浸された防蟻シートで覆ったり、基礎構造の外周側面に防蟻剤を塗工したり、防蟻シートを貼着したりする技術も知られている。
【0003】
これらの技術に使用される防蟻剤としては、ヒ素、コールタール、クロルデン、有機リン系薬剤、合成ピレストロイド剤などが知られている。
近年、住居環境における化学物質の問題に関心が高まり、出来るだけ防蟻剤を使用しない防蟻技術が考えられている。
例えば、特開2000−291170号公報には、ポリアミド樹脂からなる防蟻部材に、白蟻の食害防止機能や忌避効果、蟻道の形成阻害機能があることが示されている。
特開平2000−26218号公報には、白蟻に対して殺虫効果のある天然鉱物であるコレマナイトの粒子を、散布または層状に堆積させておく技術が示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の無薬剤防蟻技術は、防蟻剤を用いた場合に比べて、防蟻効果の点で劣っていたり、施工に手間がかかったりする問題があった。
前記したポリアミド樹脂からなる防蟻部材は、白蟻の食害防止や忌避には有効であるが、白蟻を死滅させるものではない。そのため、防蟻部材を回避して白蟻が侵入する心配がある。
前記したコレマナイト粒子を使用する方法は、粒子径が大きいと、粒子同士の隙間を白蟻が通過してしまって防蟻機能が果たせなくなる。粒子径が小さいと、飛散してしまう。また、地盤の水分を吸湿すると防蟻機能が低下する。天然鉱物であっても、殺虫機能のある成分を含むから、床下に入った作業者などが吸い込んだり接触したりすることは避けなればならない。
【0005】
本発明の課題は、防蟻剤を使用しなくても、防蟻効果に優れ、施工も容易な防蟻技術を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明にかかる床下防蟻構造は、建築物の床下空間における防蟻構造であって、前記床下空間の基礎構造に隣接する地盤面に配置された収容凹部と、前記収容凹部の内面に沿って配置された防湿層と、前記収容凹部の内部で前記防湿層の上に収容された吸放湿性粉体層と、前記収容凹部の内部で前記吸放湿性粉体層の上に配置された重し粒状物層とを備える。
〔床下空間〕
一般住宅や集合住宅など、各種建築物の床下空間に適用できる。
【0007】
床下空間は、建築物の床や壁などの上部構造と、布基礎などの基礎構造と、地盤面とで囲まれた空間である。
基礎構造は、コンクリートあるいは鉄筋コンクリート、コンクリートブロックなどで構築され、布基礎、束基礎などと呼ばれる構造が含まれる。
床下空間には、各種の配管やダクトなどの設備が設置される場合があり、このような設備類も基礎構造の一部とみなせる。
白蟻は、地盤内から床下空間に侵入し、基礎構造を這い上って上部構造へと侵入して食害を及ぼす。
【0008】
〔収容凹部〕
床下空間の基礎構造に隣接する地盤面に配置される。吸放湿性粉体層の収容空間を構成する。
収容凹部は、基礎構造と地盤面との境界線に沿って配置される。布基礎で囲まれた床下空間では、床下空間の全周で布基礎に沿って溝状の収容凹部を設けることができる。束基礎のような独立した基礎構造の場合、基礎構造の外周に沿って環状に収容凹部を設けることができる。
収容凹部は、基礎構造の側面から離れた地盤に独立して設けることもできるが、一方の内側面が基礎構造の側面で構成されるようにしておくことができる。収容凹部が基礎構造の側面に接していれば、収容凹部と基礎構造の隙間を白蟻が通過することが防げる。
【0009】
収容凹部の断面形状は、深さ方向に狭くなる逆台形状、矩形状、三角形状、U字形、半円形状などが採用できる。
収容凹部の深さや幅は、収容する吸放湿性粉体の量に合わせて設定できる。収容凹部を横断する白蟻が確実に吸放湿性粉体と接触できるだけの幅が好ましい。吸放湿性粉体が白蟻に付着して持ち出されても吸放湿性粉体層がなくならないように、十分な深さを有することの望まれる。具体的には、収容凹部の開口側の幅を5〜50cm、深さを2〜50cmの範囲に設定できる。
〔防湿層〕
地盤の湿気や水分が、吸放湿性粉体層に吸収されるのを阻止する。
【0010】
防湿層は、収容凹部の内面に沿って配置される。少なくとも吸放湿性粉体と接触する範囲には防湿層を配置する。重し粒状物層の収容部分まで配置しておくことが好ましい。さらに、収容凹部の開口縁よりも外側の地盤の一部や基礎構造の表面の一部までを、防湿層で覆っておくことができる。
防湿層は、合成樹脂などからなる防湿性の液剤を塗工硬化させて形成してもよいし、予めシート状に成形された防湿シートを敷設してもよい。防湿層の材料として、ポリエチレン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、アセチルセルロース樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂などが挙げられる。不織布も使用できる。複数の材料を積層したり複合化したりしたものも使用できる。
【0011】
防湿層の厚みは、湿気や水分を確実に遮断できる厚みがあればよく、材質によっても異なるが、通常は、0.1〜5.0mmの範囲に設定できる。防湿シートの場合、2mm以下であれば、収容凹部の内面に沿って変形させるなどの取り扱いが行い易い。
防湿シートを使用する場合、収容凹部に敷設した防湿シートの上に吸放湿性粉体および重し粒状物を堆積させることで防湿シートを固定することができる。防湿シートを、接着剤や釘などで固定することもできる。防湿シートを基礎構造に固定するには、接着剤や粘着剤で貼りつけることができる。接着テープや粘着テープを使用することもできる。
【0012】
基礎構造の立ち上がり面に防湿シートの端辺を貼着する場合、表面が滑り易く白蟻が這い上がり難い這い上がり防止テープを使用することが有効である。這い上がり防止テープの材料として、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリビニル樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂などの合成樹脂からなるフィルムが使用できる。垂直面に配置された這い上がり防止テープの幅が10cm以上あれば、白蟻が這い上がり防止テープを超えて這い上がることは困難である。また、白蟻が蟻道を作ることも困難である。這い上がり防止テープに、ヒバ油、木酢液その他の天然材料などからなる防蟻剤を含有させておくと、防蟻機能が高まる。
【0013】
〔吸放湿性粉体層〕
収容凹部の内部で防湿層の上に収容される。白蟻に付着したときに、白蟻の体内から水分を奪い取り、最終的に白蟻を死滅させる機能を有する。
吸放湿性粉体層を構成する吸放湿性粉体として、シリカゲル、珪藻土、多孔質鉱物、炭化物などが使用できる。複数の材料を併用することもできる。
吸放湿性粉体は、白蟻の付着し易い微細な粉体が好ましい。具体的には、粒径0.1mm以下に設定できる。
〔重し粒状物層〕
収容凹部の内部で吸放湿性粉体層の上に配置される。微粉状の吸放湿性粉体が飛散するのを防止する重しとして機能する。
【0014】
重し粒状物層を構成する重し粒状物として、シリカゲル、珪藻土、多孔質鉱物、炭化物などが使用できる。複数の材料を併用することもできる。
重し粒状物の粒径は、0.2〜6.5mmの範囲に設定できる。重し粒状物が吸放湿性を有する粒状物であれば、床下空間の空気などに含まれる湿気が吸放湿性粉体に吸収されてしまうのを防いで、吸放湿性粉体の防蟻機能を長期間にわたって良好に維持できる。
重し粒状物層は、重し粒状物が隙間なく密接して堆積している必要はなく、重し粒状物同士の間に隙間があいていてもよい。また、重し粒状物が単層で並んでいてもよい。
【0015】
〔防蟻工法〕
工程(a):床下空間の基礎構造に隣接する地盤面に収容凹部を形成する。収容凹部の断面形状に対応するスコップ状あるいは鋤状の工具を使用し地盤を掘って収容凹部を形成することができる。
工程(b):収容凹部の内面に沿って防湿シートを敷設する。予め帯状に形成された防湿シートを収容凹部に敷き延ばしていくことができる。長尺で巻回された防湿シートを巻き解きながら敷設したり、定寸の防湿シートを一部が重なるように並べることもできる。必要に応じて、防湿シートを基礎構造の表面や地盤に固定する作業を行う。防湿シートとして、予め、這い上がり防止テープや接着テープが貼着されていたり、接着層や粘着層が形成されたりしているものを使用すれば、防湿シートの敷設と固定が容易に行える。勿論、防湿シートを敷設した上から、這い上がり防止テープなどを貼り付けることもできる。
【0016】
工程(c):収容凹部の内部で防湿層の上に吸放湿性粉体を堆積させて吸放湿性粉体層を形成する。吸放湿性粉体は、湿気を侵入させない袋や容器に収容された状態で供給し、袋や容器の一部に設けた供給口から収容凹部に注ぎ込むようにして堆積させることができる。
工程(d):収容凹部の内部で吸放湿性粉体層の上に重し粒状物を並べて重し粒状物層を形成する。重し粒状物は、吸放湿性粉体層の表面がほぼ覆われる程度に散布しておく。吸放湿性粉体層の一部が露出していてもよい。
その他の工程:上記工程に加えて、本発明の作用効果を阻害しない範囲で、通常の防蟻方法や防蟻手段を組み合わせることもできる。例えば、地盤面に防蟻シートを敷設したり、基礎構造に防蟻テープを貼着したりすることができる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔床下防蟻構造〕
図1に示す実施形態は、住宅の床下空間のうち布基礎部分における防蟻構造を示している。
住宅の基礎構造として、断面逆T字形をなすコンクリート枠からなる布基礎10が構築されている。布基礎10の下部は地盤Eに埋設されている。布基礎10は、住宅の外周を囲む周枠状をなすとともに、その内部を複数の区画に仕切って配置されている。布基礎10の上部には、土台12を介して外壁14が施工されたり、根太16を介して床面18が施工されたりして、建築物の上部構造が構築される。床面18と地盤Eとの間で、布基礎10に囲まれた空間が、床下空間Uである。
【0018】
床下空間Uのうち、布基礎10の根元の地盤Eには、断面が逆台形状をなす収容溝20が掘られている。収容溝20は、床下空間Uで布基礎10の全周に連続して設けられている。収容溝20の片側の内側面は、布基礎10の立ち上がり面である側面で構成されている。収容溝20は、断面形状における幅が10cm、深さが10cmに形成されている。
収容溝20の外側の地盤E表面から、収容溝20の内面を経て、布基礎10の側面にかけて、ポリエチレン製の防湿シート22が敷かれている。
布基礎10の側面においては、防湿シート22の端辺が、幅10cmのナイロン製で粘着剤付きの這い上がり防止テープ28で、布基礎10に貼着されている。したがって、布基礎10と防湿シート22との間には白蟻が侵入できる隙間はない。防湿シート22の反対側の端辺は、地盤Eに金具などで止め付けておいてもよいが、止め付けておかなくても、収容溝20に吸放湿性粉体層24や重し粒状物層26を配置することで、防湿シート22の浮き上がりは防止できる。
【0019】
防湿シート22の上には、平均粒径0.02mmの微細な粉体状をなすシリカゲルが堆積して、吸放湿性粉体層24を構成している。吸放湿性粉体層24と地盤Eとの間には、防湿シート22が存在するので、吸放湿性粉体24が地盤Eの湿気を吸って吸湿機能が低下することが防止される。吸放湿性粉体層24は、収容凹部20の上端開口近くまで配置されている。
吸放湿性粉体層24の表面は、吸放湿性粉体層24で使用されているものよりも大きな平均粒径2.0mmの粒状シリカゲルからなる重し粒状物層26で覆われている。重し粒状物層26は、重し粒状物26が、ほぼ吸放湿性粉体層24を覆う程度に並んでおり、重し粒状物26同士の間には、ある程度の隙間があいている。
【0020】
〔防蟻作用〕
図1の防蟻構造で、白蟻が、床下空間Uの地盤Eから布基礎10を経て上部構造12〜18へと侵入しようとする。
白蟻は、防湿シート22の上から重し粒状物層22あるいは吸放湿性粉体層24の上を這って行かなれば、布基礎10へと移れない。
吸放湿性粉体層24の上を移動する白蟻の身体には、微細な粉体からなる吸放湿性粉体24が付着する。白蟻の身体に付着した吸放湿性粉体24は白蟻の体内から水分を吸い出して吸収保持する。吸放湿性粉体24に吸収された水分は、周囲の空気中に放出される。その結果、白蟻の体内から水分が無くなり、白蟻は死滅する。
【0021】
なお、白蟻は、吸放湿性粉体層24に接触して直ちに水分を奪い取られて死滅するのではない。したがって、吸放湿性粉体24を付着させたまま、吸放湿性粉体層24を横切って布基礎10側に到達する白蟻も存在する。しかし、白蟻に付着した吸放湿性粉体24は、継続的に、白蟻の体内から水分を奪って空気中に放出する作用を行うので、巣に戻った白蟻も、徐々に水分が減少して死滅してしまう。吸放湿性粉体24が付着した白蟻が、巣に戻って他の白蟻と接触すると、吸放湿性粉体24の一部が別の白蟻にも移行して死滅に至らせる作用もある。
吸放湿性粉体層24に触れずに重し粒状物層22を這う白蟻も存在するが、粒状の重し粒状物22の表面に沿って移動する白蟻は、どうしても、重し粒状物22の下面側から吸放湿性粉体24に触れる位置を通過することになる。白蟻の習性として、粒状物を通過しようとする際には、粒状物の下側にもぐり込もうとするので、重し粒状物22の下の吸放湿性粉体24に触れる可能性が高い。隣り合う重し粒状物22の間をわたる際に、吸放湿性粉体24に触れる機会もある。したがって、白蟻が、吸放湿性粉体24には全く触れずに、重し粒状物22の上だけを這って、布基礎10まで到達することは、ほぼ不可能である。
【0022】
さらに、吸放湿性粉体24が付着した白蟻が、吸放湿性粉体層24を横切って、布基礎10側に到達することがあっても、防湿シート22の端辺に存在する這い上がり防止テープ28の滑り易い表面を、垂直に這い登ることはできない。白蟻は、這い上がり防止テープ28から重し粒状物層22または吸放湿性粉体層24に落下して、吸放湿粉体24が付着してしまうことになる。
吸放湿性粉体24が付着した白蟻が、まれに、這い上がり防止テープ28を超えて布基礎10の上部まで到達できたとしても、経時的に水分を奪われて生命力が低下した白蟻は、住宅のうちの布基礎10よりも上部構造に食害を及ぼしたり繁殖したりすることはできない。
【0023】
吸放湿性粉体層24の上面が、吸放湿性を有する重し粒状物層22で覆われていると、床下空間Uの湿気が吸放湿性粉体層24に吸収される前に、重し粒状物層22に吸収されてしまう。その結果、吸放湿性粉体層24を常に乾燥状態に保って、白蟻へと付着性、水分吸収機能を良好に発揮させる。また、床下空間Uの環境全体を、白蟻の嫌う乾燥状態にすることで、床下空間Uへの白蟻の侵入を阻止する効果もある。
〔性能評価試験〕
本発明の防蟻構造による防蟻効果を評価する試験を行なった。
【0024】
下記3種類の試験構造に対して、(社)日本木材保存協会規格第17号「防蟻剤処理非木質製品の室内防蟻効力試験法及び性能基準」に準じて試験を行なった。
<試験構造1>
コンクリート製試験支持体の周りに、支持体の外面より10cmの幅で深さ10cmの収容溝を形成した。収容溝の底に厚さ200μmのポリエチレン製の防湿シートを敷いた。防湿シートの上に、シリカゲルB形(富士株式会社製)を擂り潰した粉末(平均粒径0.02mm)からなる吸放湿粉体を、収容溝の長さ方向1m当たり2kgの量で堆積させた。
【0025】
<試験構造2>
コンクリート製試験支持体の周りに、支持体の外面より10cmの幅で深さ10cmの収容溝を形成した。収容溝の底に厚さ150μmのポリエチレン製の防湿シートを敷いた。防湿シートの上に、シリカゲルB形(富士株式会社製)を擂り潰した粉末(平均粒径0.02mm)からなる吸放湿粉体を、収容溝の長さ方向1m当たり2kgの量で堆積させた。
吸放湿粉体層の上には、重し粒状物層として、稚内珪藻土の粒状物(平均粒径2.0mm)を、収容溝の長さ方向1m当たり3kgの量で堆積させた。
【0026】
<試験構造3>
コンクリート製試験支持体だけを用いた。防湿シートや吸放湿粉体層、重し粒状物層は使用しない。
<試験結果>
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0003917906
【0028】
<評価>
(1) コンクリート製試験支持体のみからなる試験構造3では、1週間で既に白蟻の這い上がりが始まり、3週間後には全面で白蟻が這い上がってしまい、食害も進んでしまっている。
(2) 吸放湿性粉体層を有する試験構造1および試験構造2では、4週間を経ても、白蟻の這い上がりは認められず、当然、白蟻の食害も発生していない。
(3) 試験構造2では、重し粒状物層が吸放湿性粉体層の上を覆っているが、防蟻機能の上では、全く問題が無いことが判る。
【0029】
なお、試験構造1では、風などで吸放湿性粉体が飛散することがあったが、試験構造2では、吸放湿性粉体の飛散は全く起こらなかった。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明にかかる床下防蟻構造および床下防蟻工法は、基礎構造に隣接する地盤面の収容凹部に、防湿層、吸放湿性粉体層および重し粒状物層を備えている。
基礎構造に這い上がろうとする白蟻に、微細な粉体からなる吸放湿性粉体が付着し、白蟻の体内から水分を奪い取って空気中に放出してしまう。水分を奪い取られた白蟻は死滅してしまう。吸放湿性粉体と地盤との間には防湿層が存在するので、吸放湿性粉体が地盤の湿気などを吸って防蟻機能が損なわれてしまうことが、確実に防止できる。風などで飛散し易い吸放湿性粉体層の上に重し粒状物層が配置されているので、吸放湿性粉体層が飛散して散逸してしまい防蟻機能が損なわれてしまうことも防げる。その結果、吸放湿性粉体層の防蟻機能が長期間にわたって確実に発揮される。重し粒状物は、吸放湿性粉体層を完全に塞いでしまうことがないので、白蟻は、重し粒状物層の上だけを通過してしまうことはなく、確実に吸放湿性粉体と接触する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の実施形態を表す床下防蟻構造の断面図
【符号の説明】
10 布基礎
20 収容溝
22 防湿シート
24 吸放湿性粉体層
26 重し粒状物層
E 地盤
U 床下空間[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an underfloor ant structure and an underfloor ant construction method, and more particularly, to an underfloor ant structure that prevents white ants from invading from the ground to a foundation structure and an overfloor structure in an underfloor space of a building such as a house. The present invention is directed to an underfloor ant construction method for constructing such an underfloor ant structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a countermeasure against white ants in the underfloor space of a building, there is a technology that digs a groove in the surrounding ground for a foundation structure such as a fabric foundation or a bundle pillar, and fills this groove with liquid or powdery ant protection agent. Are known. White ants trying to scoop up the foundation structure are killed by contacting the ant-repellent agent when crossing the surrounding grooves.
Technology to cover the ground surface around the foundation structure with an ant-proof sheet impregnated with an ant-proofing agent, or to apply an ant-proofing agent to the outer peripheral side of the foundation structure, or to attach an ant-proofing sheet Is also known.
[0003]
As ant-preventing agents used in these techniques, arsenic, coal tar, chlordane, organophosphorus drugs, synthetic pyrethroid agents, and the like are known.
In recent years, interest in the problem of chemical substances in the residential environment has increased, and ant protection techniques that do not use as much as possible are considered.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-291170 shows that an ant-proof member made of polyamide resin has a function of preventing white ants from eating damage, a repelling effect, and a function of inhibiting the formation of ant tracts.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-26218 discloses a technique in which particles of colemanite, which is a natural mineral having an insecticidal effect on white ants, are dispersed or deposited in layers.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional chemical-free ant-proofing technique has a problem that it is inferior in terms of the ant-proofing effect as compared with the case where an ant-proofing agent is used, and it takes a lot of work.
The above-mentioned ant-proof member made of polyamide resin is effective in preventing or repelling white ants, but does not kill white ants. Therefore, there is a concern that white ants may invade while avoiding the ant protection members.
In the method using the above-described colemanite particles, if the particle size is large, white ants pass through the gaps between the particles and the ant protection function cannot be performed. If the particle size is small, it will scatter. Moreover, when the moisture of the ground is absorbed, the ant-proof function is lowered. Even natural minerals contain components that have insecticidal functions, so workers who enter the floor must avoid inhaling or touching them.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide an ant-proofing technique that is excellent in ant-proofing effect and easy to construct without using an ant-proofing agent.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The underfloor ant structure according to the present invention is an ant structure in an underfloor space of a building, and includes an accommodation recess disposed on a ground surface adjacent to the foundation structure of the underfloor space, and an inner surface of the accommodation recess. A moisture-proof layer disposed, a moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer accommodated on the moisture-proof layer inside the accommodating recess, and a weight disposed on the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer inside the accommodating recess. And a granular material layer.
[Underfloor space]
It can be applied to under-floor spaces of various buildings such as ordinary houses and apartment houses.
[0007]
The underfloor space is a space surrounded by an upper structure such as a floor or wall of a building, a foundation structure such as a cloth foundation, and the ground surface.
The foundation structure is constructed of concrete, reinforced concrete, concrete blocks, and the like, and includes structures called cloth foundations and bundle foundations.
Various equipment such as various pipes and ducts may be installed in the underfloor space, and such equipment can be regarded as a part of the foundation structure.
White ants enter the space under the ground from inside the ground, crawl up the basic structure, enter the upper structure, and cause damage.
[0008]
[Receiving recess]
Located on the ground surface adjacent to the foundation structure of the underfloor space. A housing space for the hygroscopic powder layer is formed.
The housing recess is arranged along the boundary line between the foundation structure and the ground surface. In the underfloor space surrounded by the cloth foundation, a groove-shaped accommodation recess can be provided along the cloth foundation all around the underfloor space. In the case of an independent foundation structure such as a bundle foundation, an accommodation recess can be provided annularly along the outer periphery of the foundation structure.
The housing recess can be provided independently on the ground away from the side surface of the foundation structure, but one inner side surface can be constituted by the side surface of the foundation structure. If the housing recess is in contact with the side surface of the foundation structure, white ants can be prevented from passing through the gap between the housing recess and the foundation structure.
[0009]
As the cross-sectional shape of the housing recess, an inverted trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, a U shape, a semicircular shape, or the like that narrows in the depth direction can be adopted.
The depth and width of the housing recess can be set in accordance with the amount of moisture absorbing / releasing powder to be housed. A width that allows the white ants crossing the housing recesses to reliably contact the hygroscopic powder is preferable. It is desirable to have a sufficient depth so that the hygroscopic powder layer does not disappear even if the hygroscopic powder adheres to the white ants and is taken out. Specifically, the width of the opening side of the housing recess can be set to a range of 5 to 50 cm and the depth can be set to a range of 2 to 50 cm.
[Dampproof layer]
It prevents the moisture and moisture of the ground from being absorbed by the hygroscopic powder layer.
[0010]
The moisture-proof layer is disposed along the inner surface of the housing recess. A moisture-proof layer is disposed at least in a range where the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder is in contact. It is preferable to arrange up to the accommodating portion of the weighted granular material layer. Furthermore, a part of the ground outside the opening edge of the housing recess and a part of the surface of the foundation structure can be covered with a moisture-proof layer.
The moisture-proof layer may be formed by coating and curing a moisture-proof liquid agent made of a synthetic resin or the like, or a moisture-proof sheet previously formed into a sheet shape may be laid. Examples of the material of the moisture-proof layer include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polypropylene, polyamide resins, polyester resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, acetyl cellulose resins, polyurethane resins and the like. Nonwoven fabrics can also be used. A material obtained by laminating or compounding a plurality of materials can also be used.
[0011]
The thickness of the moisture-proof layer only needs to be a thickness that can reliably block moisture and moisture, and varies depending on the material, but can usually be set in a range of 0.1 to 5.0 mm. In the case of the moisture-proof sheet, if it is 2 mm or less, it is easy to handle such as deformation along the inner surface of the housing recess.
When the moisture-proof sheet is used, the moisture-proof sheet can be fixed by depositing moisture-absorbing and releasing powder and weighted granular material on the moisture-proof sheet laid in the housing recess. The moisture-proof sheet can be fixed with an adhesive or a nail. In order to fix the moisture-proof sheet to the basic structure, it can be attached with an adhesive or an adhesive. An adhesive tape or an adhesive tape can also be used.
[0012]
When sticking the edge of the moisture-proof sheet to the rising surface of the foundation structure, it is effective to use an anti-cracking tape that is slippery and difficult to crawl on white ants. As a material for the creeping prevention tape, a film made of a synthetic resin such as polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyamide resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, or polyurethane resin can be used. If the width of the scooping prevention tape disposed on the vertical surface is 10 cm or more, it is difficult for white ants to scoop over the scooping prevention tape. It is also difficult for white ants to make ant trails. If the anti-cracking tape is made to contain an anti-anticide made of hiba oil, wood vinegar or other natural materials, the anti-ant function is enhanced.
[0013]
[Hygroscopic powder layer]
It is accommodated on the moisture-proof layer inside the accommodating recess. When attached to a white ant, it has a function of taking water from the body of the white ant and finally killing the white ant.
As the hygroscopic powder constituting the hygroscopic powder layer, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, porous mineral, carbide and the like can be used. A plurality of materials can be used in combination.
The hygroscopic powder is preferably a fine powder to which white ants are easily attached. Specifically, the particle size can be set to 0.1 mm or less.
[Heavy granular material layer]
It arrange | positions on a moisture absorption / release powder layer inside an accommodation recessed part. It functions as a weight that prevents the fine powder moisture-absorbing / releasing powder from scattering.
[0014]
Silica gel, diatomaceous earth, porous minerals, carbides and the like can be used as the weighted granular material constituting the weighted granular material layer. A plurality of materials can be used in combination.
The particle size of the weighted granular material can be set in the range of 0.2 to 6.5 mm. If the weighted granular material has moisture absorption / release properties, moisture contained in the air under the floor is prevented from being absorbed by the moisture absorption / release powder, and the ant-proof function of the moisture absorption / release powder. Can be maintained well over a long period of time.
In the weight granular material layer, it is not necessary that the weight granular material is closely deposited without a gap, and there may be a gap between the weight granular materials. Moreover, the weight granular material may be located in a single layer.
[0015]
[Anti-ant protection method]
Process (a): An accommodation recessed part is formed in the ground surface adjacent to the foundation structure of underfloor space. The storage recess can be formed by digging the ground using a scoop-like or bowl-shaped tool corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the storage recess.
Step (b): A moisture-proof sheet is laid along the inner surface of the housing recess. A moisture-proof sheet formed in a strip shape in advance can be spread over the housing recess. It is also possible to lay the moisture-proof sheet wound in a long length while unwinding it, or to arrange the moisture-proof sheets of a fixed size so as to partially overlap each other. If necessary, work to fix the moisture-proof sheet to the surface or ground of the foundation structure. If a moisture-proof sheet is used in which a scooping-up prevention tape or an adhesive tape is attached in advance or an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer is formed, the moisture-proof sheet can be easily laid and fixed. Of course, after the moisture-proof sheet is laid, a scooping-up preventing tape or the like can be attached.
[0016]
Step (c): A moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer is formed by depositing a moisture-absorbing / releasing powder on the moisture-proof layer inside the housing recess. The hygroscopic powder can be supplied in a state where it is contained in a bag or container that does not allow moisture to enter, and can be deposited by pouring into a housing recess from a supply port provided in a part of the bag or container.
Step (d): A granular material layer is formed by placing and overlapping the particulate matter on the moisture absorbing / releasing powder layer inside the accommodating recess. The weighted granular material is spread to such an extent that the surface of the hygroscopic powder layer is almost covered. A part of the hygroscopic powder layer may be exposed.
Other steps: In addition to the above steps, ordinary ant-proofing methods and ant-proofing means can be combined within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. For example, an ant-proof sheet can be laid on the ground surface, or an ant-proof tape can be attached to the foundation structure.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Underfloor ant structure]
The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 shows an ant proof structure in a cloth foundation portion in a floor space of a house.
As a foundation structure of a house, a fabric foundation 10 made of a concrete frame having an inverted T-shaped cross section is constructed. The lower part of the fabric foundation 10 is embedded in the ground E. The fabric foundation 10 has a peripheral frame shape surrounding the outer periphery of the house, and the interior is partitioned into a plurality of compartments. On the upper part of the fabric foundation 10, the outer wall 14 is constructed via the base 12, or the floor surface 18 is constructed via the joists 16, whereby the upper structure of the building is constructed. A space surrounded by the fabric foundation 10 between the floor surface 18 and the ground E is an underfloor space U.
[0018]
An accommodation groove 20 having a reverse trapezoidal cross section is dug in the ground E at the base of the fabric foundation 10 in the underfloor space U. The accommodation groove 20 is continuously provided on the entire circumference of the fabric foundation 10 in the underfloor space U. The inner side surface on one side of the accommodation groove 20 is configured as a side surface that is a rising surface of the fabric foundation 10. The accommodation groove 20 is formed with a cross-sectional shape having a width of 10 cm and a depth of 10 cm.
A polyethylene moistureproof sheet 22 is laid from the surface of the ground E outside the housing groove 20 to the side surface of the fabric foundation 10 through the inner surface of the housing groove 20.
On the side surface of the fabric foundation 10, the edge of the moisture-proof sheet 22 is attached to the fabric foundation 10 with a scooping prevention tape 28 made of nylon having a width of 10 cm and having an adhesive. Therefore, there is no gap between the fabric foundation 10 and the moisture-proof sheet 22 in which white ants can enter. The opposite end of the moisture-proof sheet 22 may be fastened to the ground E with a metal fitting or the like, but even if it is not fastened, the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer 24 and the weighted granular material are placed in the housing groove 20. By disposing the layer 26, the moisture-proof sheet 22 can be prevented from being lifted.
[0019]
On the moisture-proof sheet 22, silica gel in the form of a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.02 mm is deposited to constitute the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer 24. Since the moisture-proof sheet 22 exists between the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer 24 and the ground E, the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder 24 is prevented from sucking moisture from the ground E and the moisture-absorbing function is lowered. The hygroscopic powder layer 24 is disposed up to the upper end opening of the housing recess 20.
The surface of the hygroscopic powder layer 24 is covered with an overlapping granular material layer 26 made of granular silica gel having an average particle diameter of 2.0 mm larger than that used in the hygroscopic powder layer 24. The weighted granular material layer 26 is arranged so that the weighted granular material 26 substantially covers the hygroscopic powder layer 24, and a certain amount of gap is left between the weighted granular material 26.
[0020]
[Anti-antagonism]
In the ant proof structure of FIG. 1, white ants try to enter the upper structures 12 to 18 from the ground E in the underfloor space U through the fabric foundation 10.
The white ants cannot move to the fabric base 10 if they are piled on the moisture-proof sheet 22 and crawl on the granular material layer 22 or the hygroscopic powder layer 24.
The hygroscopic powder 24 made of fine powder adheres to the body of a white ant that moves on the hygroscopic powder layer 24. The moisture-absorbing / releasing powder 24 adhering to the body of the white ants sucks out moisture from the body of the white ants and absorbs it. Moisture absorbed by the hygroscopic powder 24 is released into the surrounding air. As a result, water disappears from the body of the white ants, and the white ants die.
[0021]
The white ants are not killed by being immediately deprived of moisture upon contact with the hygroscopic powder layer 24. Therefore, there is a white ant that crosses the hygroscopic powder layer 24 and reaches the cloth base 10 side with the hygroscopic powder 24 attached. However, the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder 24 attached to the white ants continuously performs the action of taking moisture from the body of the white ants and releasing it into the air. It will be killed. When the white ants to which the hygroscopic powder 24 adheres return to the nest and come into contact with other white ants, a part of the hygroscopic powder 24 also moves to another white ant and causes death.
There is a white ant that overlaps the granular material layer 22 without touching the hygroscopic powder layer 24, but a white ant that moves along the surface of the granular weight granular material 22 inevitably has a weight of the granular material 22. It passes through the position where it touches the hygroscopic powder 24 from the lower surface side. As a behavior of white ants, when trying to pass through the granular material, it tends to touch the lower side of the granular material, so that there is a high possibility of touching the hygroscopic powder 24 under the weighted granular material 22. There is also an opportunity to touch the hygroscopic powder 24 when crossing between the adjacent overlapping granular materials 22. Therefore, it is almost impossible for the white ants to reach the cloth foundation 10 without touching the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder 24 and only over the weighted granular material 22.
[0022]
Furthermore, even if the white ants to which the moisture absorbing / releasing powder 24 adheres crosses the moisture absorbing / releasing powder layer 24 and reaches the cloth base 10 side, the creeping prevention present on the edge of the moisture-proof sheet 22 is prevented. The slippery surface of the tape 28 cannot be climbed vertically. The white ants are weighted from the scooping prevention tape 28 and fall to the granular material layer 22 or the hygroscopic powder layer 24, and the hygroscopic powder 24 adheres.
Even if the white ants to which the hygroscopic powder 24 adheres can rarely reach the upper part of the fabric base 10 beyond the scooping prevention tape 28, the white ants whose life force has been reduced due to the removal of moisture over time, It is impossible to cause damage to the upper structure or breed more than the cloth foundation 10 in the house.
[0023]
If the upper surface of the hygroscopic powder layer 24 is covered with the heavy particulate layer 22 having hygroscopic properties, the moisture in the underfloor space U is absorbed before the hygroscopic powder layer 24 absorbs the moisture. Then, it is absorbed by the granular material layer 22. As a result, the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer 24 is always kept in a dry state, and the adhesion to the white ants and the moisture absorption function are exhibited well. Further, by bringing the entire environment of the underfloor space U into a dry state that the white ants dislike, there is also an effect of preventing the white ants from entering the underfloor space U.
[Performance evaluation test]
The test which evaluates the ant-proof effect by the ant-proof structure of this invention was done.
[0024]
The following three types of test structures were tested according to Japan Wood Preservation Association Standard No. 17 “Testing method and performance criteria for indoor ant protection for non-wood products treated with ant control agents”.
<Test structure 1>
An accommodation groove having a width of 10 cm and a depth of 10 cm from the outer surface of the support was formed around the concrete test support. A polyethylene moisture-proof sheet having a thickness of 200 μm was laid on the bottom of the housing groove. On the moisture-proof sheet, a moisture-absorbing and releasing powder made of powder (average particle size 0.02 mm) obtained by grinding silica gel B type (manufactured by Fuji Co., Ltd.) is deposited in an amount of 2 kg per meter in the length direction of the housing groove. I let you.
[0025]
<Test structure 2>
An accommodation groove having a width of 10 cm and a depth of 10 cm from the outer surface of the support was formed around the concrete test support. A polyethylene moisture-proof sheet having a thickness of 150 μm was laid on the bottom of the housing groove. On the moisture-proof sheet, a moisture-absorbing and releasing powder made of powder (average particle size 0.02 mm) obtained by grinding silica gel B type (manufactured by Fuji Co., Ltd.) is deposited in an amount of 2 kg per meter in the length direction of the housing groove. I let you.
On the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer, Wakkanai diatomaceous earth particles (average particle size: 2.0 mm) were deposited as a weighted granular material layer in an amount of 3 kg per meter in the length direction of the housing groove.
[0026]
<Test structure 3>
Only concrete test supports were used. Do not use moisture-proof sheets, moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layers, or heavy particulate layers.
<Test results>
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003917906
[0028]
<Evaluation>
(1) In test structure 3 consisting only of a concrete test support, white ants began to creep up in one week, and white ants creeped up on the entire surface in three weeks, and the damage to the food also progressed.
(2) In Test Structure 1 and Test Structure 2 having a moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer, no white ants creeped up even after 4 weeks, and naturally no white ants were damaged.
(3) In Test Structure 2, the heavy particulate layer covers the hygroscopic powder layer, but it can be seen that there is no problem in terms of the ant-proof function.
[0029]
In the test structure 1, the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder may be scattered by wind or the like, but in the test structure 2, the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder was not scattered at all.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The underfloor ant structure and the underfloor ant construction method according to the present invention are provided with a moisture-proof layer, a moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer, and a weighted granular material layer in an accommodation recess on the ground surface adjacent to the foundation structure.
Moisture-absorbing and releasing powder composed of fine powder adheres to the white ants trying to crawl up on the basic structure, and moisture is taken from the body of the white ants and released into the air. White ants that have been deprived of water will die. Since a moisture-proof layer exists between the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder and the ground, it is possible to reliably prevent the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder from absorbing the moisture of the ground and damaging the ant-proof function. Since the particulate layer is placed on top of the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer that is easily scattered by the wind, etc., the moisture-absorbing / releasing powder layer is scattered and dissipated, and the ant-proof function is impaired. You can also prevent. As a result, the function of preventing moisture of the moisture absorbing / releasing powder layer is reliably exhibited over a long period of time. Since the weight granular material does not completely block the moisture absorbing / releasing powder layer, the white ants do not pass only on the weight granular material layer, and the moisture absorbing / releasing powder is surely Contact with.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an underfloor ant structure that represents an embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cloth foundation 20 Accommodating groove 22 Moisture-proof sheet 24 Moisture-absorbing and releasing powder layer 26 Weighted granular material layer E Ground U Underfloor space

Claims (4)

建築物の床下空間における防蟻構造であって、
前記床下空間の基礎構造に隣接する地盤面に配置された収容凹部と、
前記収容凹部の内面に沿って配置された防湿層と、
前記収容凹部の内部で前記防湿層の上に収容された吸放湿性粉体層と、
前記収容凹部の内部で前記吸放湿性粉体層の上に配置された重し粒状物層と
を備える床下防蟻構造。
An ant-proof structure in the underfloor space of a building,
An accommodation recess disposed on the ground surface adjacent to the foundation structure of the underfloor space;
A moisture-proof layer disposed along the inner surface of the housing recess;
A hygroscopic powder layer housed on the moisture-proof layer inside the housing recess;
An underfloor ant structure comprising a weight granular material layer disposed on the moisture absorbing / releasing powder layer inside the housing recess.
前記吸放湿性粉体層を構成する吸放湿性粉体が、シリカゲル、珪藻土、多孔質鉱物、炭化物からなる群から選ばれる何れか1種であって、粒径0.1mm以下の粉体であり、
前記重し粒状物層を構成する重し粒状物が、シリカゲル、珪藻土、多孔質鉱物、炭化物からなる群から選ばれる何れか1種であって、粒径0.2〜6.5mmの吸放湿性を有する粒状物である
請求項1に記載の床下防蟻構造。
The hygroscopic powder constituting the hygroscopic powder layer is any one selected from the group consisting of silica gel, diatomaceous earth, porous mineral, and carbide, and is a powder having a particle size of 0.1 mm or less. Yes,
The weighted granular material constituting the weighted granular material layer is any one selected from the group consisting of silica gel, diatomaceous earth, porous mineral, and carbide, and has a particle size of 0.2 to 6.5 mm. The underfloor ant structure according to claim 1, which is a granular material having wettability.
前記防湿層が、前記収容凹部の内面に沿って敷設された防湿シートであり、
前記防湿シートの端辺を前記基礎構造の立ち上がり面に貼着する這い上がり防止テープをさらに備える
請求項1または2に記載の床下防蟻構造。
The moisture-proof layer is a moisture-proof sheet laid along the inner surface of the housing recess,
The underfloor ant structure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a scooping prevention tape for adhering an end side of the moisture-proof sheet to a rising surface of the foundation structure.
建築物の床下空間における防蟻工法であって、
前記床下空間の基礎構造に隣接する地盤面に収容凹部を形成する工程(a)と、
前記収容凹部の内面に沿って防湿シートを敷設する工程(b)と、
前記収容凹部の内部で前記防湿層の上に吸放湿性粉体を堆積させて吸放湿性粉体層を形成する工程(c)と、
前記収容凹部の内部で前記吸放湿性粉体層の上に重し粒状物を並べて重し粒状物層を形成する工程(d)と
を含む床下防蟻工法。
An ant-proofing method in the under-floor space of a building,
Forming a housing recess in the ground surface adjacent to the foundation structure of the underfloor space; and
Laying a moisture-proof sheet along the inner surface of the housing recess (b),
A step (c) of forming a moisture absorbing / releasing powder layer by depositing a moisture absorbing / releasing powder on the moisture-proof layer inside the accommodating recess;
An underfloor ant-preventing method comprising a step (d) of forming a granular material layer by overlapping and placing particulate matter on the hygroscopic powder layer inside the accommodating recess.
JP2002188495A 2002-06-27 2002-06-27 Underfloor ant structure and underfloor ant construction method Expired - Lifetime JP3917906B2 (en)

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