JP3916999B2 - Burner - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a burner that injects a flame or high-temperature combustion gas, and more particularly to a burner used in a waste combustion apparatus such as an incinerator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a flame flow of about 1200 m / s is generated from a combustor called a burner at a high temperature of 1000 to 2500 ° C., and industrially, in fields such as rock cutting, crushing, drilling, and pyrolysis of organic matter. It was used.
[0003]
As an example of a conventional burner, a plurality of fuel injectors are provided in the circumferential direction in the middle of the combustion cylinder, and liquid fuel such as kerosene and heavy oil is injected from the fuel injector into the combustion chamber in the form of a mist to supply oxygen gas to the combustion chamber. The above jet stream is ejected from the nozzle at the tip of the combustion cylinder at supersonic speed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned conventional burner has a high performance because the temperature in the combustion gas reaches 2500 ° C. and can obtain an ultra-high temperature. However, the conventional burner has a plurality of fuel injectors, an oxygen gas generator and an oxygen compression unit. Since the turbine and the compressor are provided, the structure is complicated and large, and there is a problem that it takes time and labor for maintenance and inspection.
[0005]
The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and can use a compressed air pipe in a factory to drive a burner to obtain a jet stream having a high temperature of 1500 ° C. or higher. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a burner that is simple and can be miniaturized, is easy to maintain and inspect, and is versatile.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The burner of the present invention has a cylindrical combustion cylinder having an upstream opening for supplying fuel and air and a downstream opening for ejecting high-temperature combustion gas, and a high-pressure fuel is continuously supplied. A fuel injection device that injects fuel into the combustion cylinder in the form of a mist from the upstream opening of the combustion cylinder, and a high-pressure primary air that is disposed around the fuel injection nozzle around the fuel injection apparatus. Primary air supply means for supplying the inside of the combustion cylinder from the upstream side through the upstream opening, and secondary for supplying low-pressure secondary air to the inside of the combustion cylinder from the outside of the primary air supply means through the upstream side opening for main combustion And a combustion air supply means having an air supply means , wherein the combustion cylinder has a flange at the upstream opening thereof, and the secondary air supply means has a flange at the tip thereof. The combustion cylinder and the secondary air supply means have flanges. And it is detachably connected, also combustion cylinder is fitted with a nozzle to change the aperture stop of the downstream side opening detachably.
[0007]
In this burner, the fuel injection device injects liquid fuel from the upstream side opening of the combustion cylinder in a high-pressure mist, and the combustion air supply means uses the compressed air from the compressed air piping of the factory equipment to The sprayed fuel is combusted to form a high-temperature combustion gas of 1500 ° C. or higher in the combustion cylinder, and is injected outward from the downstream opening. In this burner, by controlling the amount of air supplied from the combustion air supply means, a flame jet with a high pressure and a small amount of excess oxygen can be created in the combustion cylinder and injected at a high speed from the downstream opening.
[0008]
The burner of the present invention can process various objects to be processed using a high-temperature flame jet injected from a combustion cylinder, for example, to perform processing such as drying, pulverization, sterilization, decomposition, carbonization, etc. on waste. Can be used in a wide range of applications. In particular, wastes with high water content such as sludge with high water content and garbage can be suitably used for drying, combustion, and decomposition. In addition, the burner of the present invention has the advantage of simplifying the structure and reducing the number of components, and facilitating maintenance and inspection of these components.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the burner of the present invention, the fuel injection device includes a fuel pipe that transports liquid fuel, and a fuel pipe that is opened at the tip of the fuel pipe and sprayed into the combustion cylinder in the center of the upstream opening of the combustion cylinder. And a fuel injection nozzle.
[0010]
Combustion air supply means includes primary air supply means for supplying high pressure primary air from the periphery of the fuel injection nozzle of the fuel injection device to the inside of the combustion cylinder through the upstream opening, and low pressure secondary air for main combustion. And secondary air supply means for supplying the air into the combustion cylinder from the outside of the primary air supply means through the upstream opening.
[0011]
The primary air supply means preferably includes a cylindrical primary air supply cylinder that forms a ring-shaped primary air nozzle around the fuel injection nozzle and the outer periphery of the fuel pipe tip. Since the primary air supply cylinder forms a ring-shaped primary air nozzle with the outer periphery of the tip of the fuel pipe, it blows into the combustion cylinder at high speed with high-pressure air, and the liquid fuel is refined to form a mixed airflow be able to. Further, it is preferable to fix the outer periphery of the fuel pipe of the fuel injection device at the upstream end wall of the primary air supply cylinder, and in particular, the one capable of adjusting the position of the fuel pipe in the front-rear direction is preferable. The fuel injection nozzle can be positioned at the upstream opening.
[0012]
On the other hand, the secondary air supply means includes a cylindrical secondary air supply case that penetrates the upstream end wall having an opening at the center and fixes the primary air supply cylinder to surround the primary air supply cylinder. It is preferable that the secondary air supply case forms an annular secondary air nozzle with the tip of the primary air supply cylinder. The secondary air supply case is provided with an upstream end wall having an opening formed in the center, passes through the upstream end wall, fixes the primary air supply cylinder, and surrounds the primary air supply cylinder. Good.
[0013]
In the burner device having such a configuration, the fuel injection nozzle sprays the supplied liquid fuel in a mist state and injects it into the combustion cylinder, and the injected fuel mist is near the upstream opening. First, it is mixed with the primary air injected from the primary air supply cylinder into the combustion cylinder and partly combusted, and further mixed with the secondary air supplied at a low pressure from the outside of the combustion flow area inside the combustion cylinder. Further, the combustion reaction further proceeds to generate a predetermined high-temperature flame flow, and high-temperature combustion gas is jet-injected to the outside from the downstream opening.
[0014]
Here, heavy oil, light oil, kerosene, or gasoline is used as the liquid fuel, and the fuel is pressurized to a range of 10 to 40 kg / cm ² by a compressor, and the liquid fuel is supplied to the fuel pipe. Supplied to the injection nozzle.
[0015]
In the above embodiment, the primary air supply means supplies the primary air to the combustion cylinder from the periphery of the fuel injection nozzle at a high pressure, preferably an internal pressure of the primary air supply cylinder at a pressure of 6 to 11 kg / cm ^2. Supplied inside. The other secondary air supply means supplies the secondary air at a low pressure, preferably a pressure within the secondary air supply case, and a pressure of 1 to 10 kg / cm ² , preferably 1 to 3 kg / cm ² . With pressure, it can be supplied from the primary air supply case to the outside of the primary air for main combustion. Compressed air from the compressed air piping of factory equipment can be used as the primary air and secondary air of the above pressure. Since these air does not require a special air source or oxygen source, the equipment can be simplified.
[0016]
In the burner of the present invention, the combustion cylinder is supplied with primary air at a high speed in the central high-temperature part, but secondary air is supplied to the outer peripheral part of the combustion cylinder. Therefore, the heat resistance structure can be made relatively easy.
[0017]
As described above, when the primary air supply cylinder is arranged inside the secondary air supply case, and when a fuel pipe having an injection nozzle at the tip is arranged inside the primary air supply cylinder, this structure is The upstream opening of the combustion cylinder can be connected to a cylindrical secondary air supply case, and the primary air supply cylinder is cylindrical and penetrates the upstream end wall of the secondary air supply case. The other fuel pipe can be similarly formed as a circular pipe and can be fixed through the upstream end wall of the primary air supply cylinder in a separable manner. In this way, the fuel pipe, the primary air supply cylinder, and the secondary air supply case can be arranged coaxially, and the fuel-air supply system can be made compact and easy to separate and assemble. .
[0018]
The primary air supply means is preferably throttled so that the tip of the primary air supply cylinder forms an air nozzle with the tip of the fuel pipe, and a high-speed flow of high-pressure primary air is passed through the primary air nozzle to the combustion cylinder. , And is mixed with droplets from the fuel injection nozzle to form a gas-liquid mixed flow that is uniformly dispersed at high speed, and is effective in increasing the combustion speed. Further, as described above, the secondary air supply means is throttled so as to form an annular air nozzle between the tip of the secondary air supply case and the tip of the primary air supply cylinder. Preferably, the secondary air flow for main combustion is jetted around the primary air flow in the vicinity of the upstream side opening of the combustion cylinder through the secondary air nozzle, and the gas-liquid mixed flow dispersed at high speed as described above. It can be burned at a very high speed by supplying oxygen.
[0019]
The primary air supply cylinder is preferably fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion thereof, and includes a plurality of oblique guide vanes protruding into the secondary air nozzle in order to form a swirling flow of the secondary air. preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the fuel pipe has a plurality of oblique guide vanes that are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the tip portion thereof and project into the primary air nozzle to form a swirling flow of the primary air. These guide vanes form a swirl flow in the primary air flow and the secondary air flow to increase the combustion speed by increasing the mixing of air and droplets, and to increase the heat shield against the combustion cylinder wall. is there. In this way, the swirling flow of air is well mixed with the injected fuel and flame at the center of the combustion cylinder to promote complete combustion.
[0020]
In the combustion cylinder, the gas-liquid mixed flow of fuel and air burns violently inside, and combustion gas is injected from the downstream opening at high speed. The downstream opening of the combustion cylinder is preferably provided with a throttle so as to form a tapered nozzle in order to inject a high-speed flow of combustion gas from the combustion cylinder.
[0021]
The inner surface of the combustion cylinder is preferably provided with a bulge on the upstream side in axial symmetry with respect to the axis and tapered toward the downstream opening. The combustion tube, as will become totally vertical section heart-shaped, the longitudinal diameter slightly upstream portion from the intermediate well is to a shape having a bulge rounded so that the maximum diameter, in the bulge of the combustion liner The swirl retention space of the secondary combustion air is enlarged, the distance between the inner surface of the combustion cylinder and the temperature-falling portion is secured, the heat load on the combustion cylinder can be reduced, and the life is extended.
[0022]
In particular, it is preferable to attach the nozzle in a detachable manner in order to make it possible to change the aperture degree of the downstream opening. By changing the nozzle diameter, it is possible to change the speed of the combustion flame emitted from the nozzle, and hence the reach distance. Furthermore, the downstream opening can be a divergent nozzle (Laval nozzle) that gradually expands the diameter of the tip side of the throttle part once throttled. If the divergent nozzle is used, the combustion amount can be adjusted so that the combustion gas internal pressure can be maintained at a high value inside the combustion cylinder, and a supersonic combustion gas flow can be obtained.
[0023]
In addition, the cylinder wall of the combustion cylinder is usually made of heat-resistant steel, but the peripheral wall is lined with refractory to improve the heat resistance of the combustion cylinder and to transfer heat through the combustion cylinder. It is preferable because it suppresses and raises the combustion temperature in the combustion cylinder.
[0024]
Further, the combustion cylinder having a cooling channel on its peripheral wall can be used. Such a cooling flow path can also flow gas, such as water or air, as a coolant, and cools the cylinder wall of a combustion cylinder. The cooling flow path is preferably supplied with high-pressure air from one side to cool the peripheral wall, but the air is led out from the other side of the cooling flow path and used as primary air to provide primary air supply means. Can be supplied via a conduit. By flowing a high pressure primary air at high speed in the cooling flow passage of the peripheral wall of the combustion liner, enhances the cooling effect on the combustion tube, the combustion cylinder primary air heated pressurized to a high temperature while flowing through the correspondingly cooling channel A hot flame jet stream can be generated by preheating the primary air.
[0025]
If such a cooling channel is provided with two layers of the outer side and the inner side, and the two-layer cooling channel is folded back at the downstream opening of the combustion cylinder, the fluid flowing through the outer layer channel is Then, it is folded at the folded portion, and can flow through the cooling channel of the inner layer to be cooled. In such a cooling flow path, the combustion cylinder is formed of a triple pipe, and two layers between the triple pipes are used as the cooling flow path. In another form of the cooling flow path, a metal jacket having a two-layer flow path gap may be covered with the outer surface of the combustion cylinder.
[0026]
A two-layer cooling channel can also be used for preheating the primary air, in which case high pressure air is supplied to the outer layer cooling channel and the primary air is derived from the inner layer cooling channel. Similarly, the primary air supply means may be supplied via a conduit. In this case as well, air is preheated through cooling with air, and heat recovery is enhanced as primary air to generate a higher temperature flame jet stream.
[0027]
In addition, the combustion cylinder can be water-cooled by supplying water as a coolant from the outer layer to the inner and outer two-layer cooling passages and releasing the water from the inner layer to the pipe. Since water has a large heat capacity, the cooling effect on the combustion cylinder can be enhanced.
[0028]
The combustion cylinder is connected to the secondary air supply case via a flange at the upstream opening, and a combustion cylinder with a shape suitable for mounting on various devices and containers according to the application, and a dedicated flange and joint. It can be easily changed to the provided combustion cylinder, and can be easily changed to a combustion cylinder having downstream openings of various opening degrees.
[0029]
Since the burner of this embodiment heats an unprocessed thing with a long combustion flame, the amount of heat transfer from a flame is large, the processing capacity to to-be-processed objects, such as a waste, can be enlarged, and it is a small-scale plant. A large amount of processing is possible.
[0030]
The burner of this embodiment can also be adjusted to a combustion flame that is substantially completely burned substantially free of excess air by adjusting the fuel to air ratio so that the workpiece is not burned during the heat treatment. Can be. Even if the flame temperature is as high as about 1000 to 2000 ° C., the object to be treated is not oxidized and burnt. Therefore, for example, flammable process waste such as sludge from the paper manufacturing process, beer process, and sludge from crude oil can be dried, dehydrated, and carbonized without being incinerated. Is possible.
[0031]
The burner of the present invention can be widely used in a waste treatment or reuse system as described below.
[0032]
The burner of the present invention has an advantage that it can be directly heated by irradiating the workpiece. Since the jet of the high-temperature combustion gas extends for a long time, this burner directly hits the workpiece and heats it, so that the thermal efficiency is good.
[0033]
Furthermore, the combustion gas flow of the burner according to the present invention applies a dynamic pressure to the object to be processed by being injected at a high speed, thereby immersing the burner itself in the deposit or storage containing a considerable amount of water. Even in the state, the combustion gas flow can be used by being injected and discharged. In this case, since the heat transfer amount from the burner body is also directly given to the surrounding object, it is thermally efficient.
[0034]
In the burner of the present invention, the flow of the combustion gas can be increased, so that the processed product that is finely divided when dried or burned can be pulverized and scattered.
[0035]
If the workpiece can be pulverized with a jet stream, the surface area of the fine powder increases, and drying, dehydration, and decomposition also have the advantage of increasing the carbonization reaction and shortening the processing time. In particular, sludge-like waste and raw materials with a high water content can be dried up to the inside of the sludge lump because the surface is crushed as the drying proceeds. For example, even an object to be treated containing 70 to 80% of water can be recovered as a powder having a water content of several% or less by one heat treatment. In many cases, pulverization facilitates handling of the object to be processed.
[0036]
The burner of the present invention enables the scattered matter to be carried out. For example, dried or crushed object to be processed in the processing tank, by accompanying the combustion gas stream of the burner and its exhaust gas, discharged from the processing tank, is conveyed, so cut with recovery, special extraction devices It may not be necessary to provide
[0037]
【Example】
As shown in FIG. 1, the combustion cylinder 10 of the burner 1 of the embodiment according to the present invention includes a downstream opening 16 from which a jet stream G of high-temperature combustion gas is ejected, and an upstream opening on the side for supplying fuel and air. The cylindrical body which has the part 15 at both ends is comprised.
[0038]
A fuel injection device 20 is connected to the combustion cylinder 10 having the cylindrical peripheral wall 11, and high-pressure fuel is injected into the combustion cylinder from the upstream opening 15 of the combustion cylinder 10 in the form of a mist.
[0039]
An air supply means is connected to the upstream opening of the combustion cylinder 10, and the air supply means has a high pressure inside the combustion cylinder from the periphery of the fuel injection device 20 through the upstream opening 15 of the combustion cylinder 10. It comprises an inner primary air supply cylinder 30 for supplying primary air A1 and a secondary air supply case 40 for supplying low-pressure secondary air A2 from the outside of the primary air supply cylinder 30.
[0040]
In this embodiment, the primary air supply tube 30 is in the range of 6~11kg / cm ² therein pressure, preferably supplied primary air A1 of 7~10kg / cm ^2, the secondary air supply casing 40, in the inner pressure of 1 to 3 kg / cm ^2, preferably by supplying secondary air A2 of 2 kg / cm ^2. As a result, the burner 1 can also generate a combustion gas flow G that can reach 1 Mach.
[0041]
The upstream opening 15 of the combustion cylinder 10 includes a flange f <b> 1 and is connected to the front end flange f <b> 1 of the secondary air supply case 40. Thereby, the combustion cylinder 10 from which shape and performance differ according to the use of a burner can be selected, and it can connect to the secondary air supply case 40. FIG.
[0042]
A flange f <b> 2 is fixed to the upper part of the cylinder of the combustion cylinder 10, and can be mounted on apparatus equipment that uses the burner 1 as a heat treatment apparatus.
[0043]
The cylinder of the combustion cylinder 10 is formed from a heat resistant steel by a triple pipe, and a refractory (not shown) is lined on the inner surface. The peripheral wall 11 is composed of outer and inner two air flow passages 13 and 14 communicating with each other, and the double air flow passages 13 and 14 are folded and communicated with each other on the downstream opening side.
[0044]
An inlet 13A is connected to the air flow path of the outer layer 13 of the combustion cylinder 10, and high-pressure compressed air A0 is supplied from factory piping. An outlet 14A is connected to the air flow path of the inner layer 14, and is connected to a conduit 19. The air from the outlet 14A is supplied as the primary air A1 to the inlet 31A of the primary air supply cylinder 30 via the conduit 19. Has been. Further, the combustion cylinder 10 is provided with an ignition plug 17 that ignites the fuel atomized by the fuel injection device 20, an ignition monitor sensor 18, a temperature sensor 18a , and a viewing window on the shoulder of the cylinder. ing.
[0045]
In the secondary air supply case 40, the flange f1 for connection to the combustion cylinder 10 is fixed to the lower end of the truncated cone-shaped portion 41 on the downstream side, and the peripheral wall of the cylindrical air chamber portion 42 on the upstream side is fixed. the secondary air inlet 42 a is connected. A flange f4 is provided around the central opening 45 of the upstream end wall 44 for fixing the fuel injection device 20 and the primary air supply cylinder 30.
[0046]
The primary air supply cylinder 30 also has a downstream truncated cone portion 31 and an upstream cylindrical air chamber portion 32, and a primary air inlet 32 </ b> A is connected to the peripheral wall of the upstream cylindrical air chamber portion 32. Has been. The primary air supply cylinder 30 extends from the central opening 45 of the upstream end wall 44 of the secondary air supply case 40 so as to form a ring-shaped secondary air supply opening 46 in the upstream opening 15 of the combustion cylinder 10. It is inserted and fixed inside.
[0047]
A plurality of oblique or spiral guide vanes 37 for turning the secondary air A <b> 2 are attached to the outer surface of the distal end portion of the primary air supply cylinder 30. The primary air inlet 32 a can be extended outside the cylindrical air chamber 42 by making the primary air supply cylinder 30 longer.
[0048]
The fuel injection device 20 includes a fuel pipe joint screw 21 at the upstream end of the fuel pipe 23, a small diameter fuel injection nozzle 22 at the rounded tip of the fuel pipe 23, and an upstream opening of the combustion cylinder 10. 15 is set. From the fuel injection nozzle 22, the fuel pipe receives supply of high-pressure liquid fuel of 30 kg / cm ² and injects into the combustion cylinder in the form of a mist at the center position of the upstream opening 15 of the combustion cylinder 10.
[0049]
The fuel pipe 22 has a mounting flange f <b> 5 at the top and is connected to the flange f <b> 4 of the central opening 45 of the upstream end wall 44 of the secondary air supply case 40, so that the upstream opening 15 of the combustion cylinder 10. Are mounted from the central opening 35 at the upper end of the primary air supply cylinder 30 so as to form a ring-shaped primary air supply opening 36. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of oblique or spiral guide vanes 25 for turning the primary air A <b> 1 are attached to the outer surface of the distal end portion of the fuel pipe 23.
[0050]
The means for fixing the fuel injection device 20 and the primary air supply cylinder 30 to the secondary air supply case 40 is not limited to the above embodiment, and the primary air supply cylinder is mounted after the fuel injection device 20 is mounted on the primary air supply cylinder 30. 30 can also be mounted on the secondary air supply case 40.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a burner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a tip portion of a fuel pipe used in a burner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Burner 10 Combustion cylinder 11 Perimeter wall 13 Inner layer air flow path 14 Outer layer air flow path 15 Upstream opening 16 Downstream opening 20 Fuel injection device 30 Primary air supply cylinder 40 Secondary air supply case A1 Primary air A2 Secondary air
f1 flange
f2 flange

Claims (6)

A combustion cylinder having an upstream opening for supplying liquid fuel and air and a downstream opening from which a high-temperature combustion gas flow is jetted, and atomizing the liquid fuel from the upstream opening of the combustion cylinder into the combustion cylinder a fuel injection device for injecting, disposed around the fuel injectors, high-pressure primary air primary air supply means for supplying to the internal combustion cylinder through the upstream opening portion from the periphery of the fuel injection nozzle of the fuel injection device A combustion air supply means having a secondary air supply means for supplying the low-pressure secondary air for main combustion from the outside of the primary air supply means to the inside of the combustion cylinder through the upstream opening . ,
The combustion cylinder has a flange at its upstream opening, and the secondary air supply means has a flange at its tip, so that the combustion cylinder and the secondary air supply means can be separated via the flange. are connected, also the combustion barrel, characterized by being removably attached to the nozzle to change the aperture stop of the downstream opening burner. The combustion cylinder is provided with a cooling flow path for circulating air on its peripheral wall, the outlet of the cooling flow path is connected to the primary air supply means via a conduit, and the high pressure air is supplied to the inlet of the cooling flow path for cooling. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the air flowing through the flow path is supplied as primary air from the outlet to the primary air supply means. The cooling channel is formed in two layers, an outer side and an inner side, which surround almost the entire peripheral wall of the combustion cylinder, is folded at the downstream opening of the combustion cylinder, and is supplied from the inlet of the outer cooling channel to the inner layer The burner according to claim 2, wherein the burner is discharged from an outlet of the cooling channel. The combustion cylinder has a generally heart-shaped longitudinal section. The bulge is provided on the upstream side in a symmetrical manner with respect to the axis so that the diameter of the upstream portion is slightly larger than the middle in the longitudinal direction and has a bulge and is tapered toward the downstream opening. The burner according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the burner is characterized. The burner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustion cylinder has a flange mounted on an apparatus facility using the burner fixed to an upper portion of the cylinder. The fuel injection device has a fuel pipe, and the fuel pipe has a mounting flange on the upper part, and is connected to the flange of the central opening of the upstream end wall of the secondary air supply means, and is upstream of the combustion cylinder. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the burner is mounted inside from the central opening at the upper end of the primary air supply means so as to form a ring-shaped primary air supply opening in the opening.

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