JP3910256B2 - Defect inspection method for water shielding sheet joints - Google Patents

Defect inspection method for water shielding sheet joints Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3910256B2
JP3910256B2 JP11344997A JP11344997A JP3910256B2 JP 3910256 B2 JP3910256 B2 JP 3910256B2 JP 11344997 A JP11344997 A JP 11344997A JP 11344997 A JP11344997 A JP 11344997A JP 3910256 B2 JP3910256 B2 JP 3910256B2
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joint
shielding sheet
water shielding
hollow
water
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JPH10286885A (en
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悦治 上ノ山
徹 西
陽治 弓削
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Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8246—Pressure tests, e.g. hydrostatic pressure tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/485—Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は遮水シートの欠陥検査方法に係わり、詳しくは接合部に荷重がかかっても検査のための通路を遮断することがなく、正確に接合部の欠陥部分を判断できる検査方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
産業廃棄物や一般廃棄物を貯めておく埋め立て型の廃棄物処分場では、処分場から漏出する汚水が地下に浸透して環境汚染を引き起こす危険性があり、これを防止するために、処分場の底面に遮水工を施すことが義務づけられている。この遮水工として様々なものが挙げられるが、一般に確実性、安全性、施工性、そして経済性の面から樹脂性のシートやゴム製の遮水シートを敷設する方法がしばしば採用されている。
【０００３】
貯水池、溜め池、プール等の凹所に貯水する施設の底面には、漏水を防止するために、廃棄物処分場と同様に遮水シートが敷設される。更に、地中構造物などにおいては、地下水が構造物の内部に漏水するのを防止するために、構造物を覆って遮水シートが敷設される場合がある。
そして、これらの遮水シートは広大な面積を有する廃棄物処分場や貯水池などの貯水施設の底面や構造物の周囲を一枚の遮水シートによって一度に覆うことは施工上困難なため、複数の遮水シートを用いて現場で接合一体化することにより、廃棄物処分場や貯水施設、地下構造物の周囲全域を覆うという工事が行われている。
【０００４】
しかし、このような遮水シートを現場で接合する方法では、現場で接合した接合部分に接合不良を生じる場合があり、この接合不良による欠陥箇所から汚水や貯水が漏出するという問題があった。
従来、遮水シートの接合部の適正検査は抜き取り試験により接合部の接着力試験を行うか、また施工現場において遮水シート接合部の未着部分に空気を圧入し、一定時間、一定圧を保持したのち、圧力の現象がなければ空気の流出が起こらなかったとして、評価されていた。しかし、この方法は塩化ビニル等の合成樹脂製遮水シートにおいて適している反面、ゴム等の弾性に富むシートにおいては接合部分が粘着な状態であること、また比較的低モジュラスであるため、欠陥が生じていなくても圧力の減少が認められることがあり、欠陥部分が正確に判断しにくいという問題があった。
【０００５】
また、他の方法として超音波検査機を接合部に当接させて、欠陥部を検出する方法があるが、この方法においても融着による接合が行われている樹脂シートには適当であるが、異質の接着剤層が介在しているゴムシートの場合には適用できないという問題があった。
更に、本出願人はこれらの問題を改善するために、特公平７−３７０７２号公報に開示しているように、予めつくられた遮水シート接合部の未着部分に煙送風機を具備した針部を挿入し、該針部の貫通孔から煙を送り込んだのち、該煙の上記シートの外部への流出箇所を観察する方法を提案した。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、狭い通路に空気や煙などの気体を送り込む方法の場合、その圧力は遮水シートの接合部が剥がれる方向の力となるため、圧力を上げすぎると接合部が剥がれる恐れがあるので、圧力の大きさには制限があった。圧力に制限があるということは、一度の作業で検査できる接合部の長さに制限があるということにつながり、作業の効率の面ではある一定の限界以上に良くすることはできなかった。また、接合部が遮水シートの自重や施工の際の人の歩行で押さえつけられ、検査のための通路を遮断してしまうという問題もあった。
【０００７】
そこで、本発明は一度の作業で検査できる長さがより長く、またたとえ接合部に荷重がかかっても検査のための通路を遮断することがなく、正確に接合部の欠陥部分を判断できる遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法の提供を目的とする。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このような目的を達成するために本願の請求項１記載の発明では、遮水シート接合部における遮水シート同士の重ね合わせ間で、しかも接合部長手方向に通気性をもった伸縮可能な中空紐を介在し、この中空紐を所定長の区画に区分して区画毎に中空紐内を減圧し、減圧後の中空紐内の圧力の変動を検知することにより、遮水シート接合部の欠陥の有無を検査し、次いで欠陥を有する区画において、中空紐内を加圧して欠陥個所を特定する遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法にあり、上記の中空紐を使用しているために接合部に荷重がかかっても検査通路の遮断がなく、また中空紐が伸縮性を有しているため下地地盤の動きと接合部の動きに十分追従できるため、切断することなく、欠陥検査も確実に行うことができる。
更に、通路内を加圧する方法と比べると接合部の剥がれの恐れがなく、大きな圧力差をもって減圧することができるので、所定圧まで減圧する時間が短くなると共に一度に検査する接合部の長さをより長くすることができ、検査作業の効率を向上することができる。
【０００９】
本願の請求項２記載の発明では、中空紐が遮水シート接合部における遮水シート同士の重ね合わせ間に２つの接合層を間隔をあけて接合部長手方向に並列に設置介在させることによって形成された通路内に設置された遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法にある。
【００１０】
本願の請求項３記載の発明では、中空紐内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、中空紐内を加圧し、接合部の膨れ状態の異常を目視で確認することによって、欠陥箇所を特定する中空紐が遮水シート接合部における遮水シート同士の重ね合わせ間に２つの接合層を間隔をあけて接合部長手方向に並列に設置介在させることによって気密性を確保した通路内にあってその長手方向に設置されている遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法にあり、通路内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、通路内を加圧し、接合部の膨れ状態の異常を目視で確認することによって、欠陥箇所を特定することができる。
【００１１】
本願の請求項４記載の発明では、中空紐内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、接合部に石鹸水を塗布して中空紐内を加圧し、泡の発生を目視で確認することによって欠陥箇所を特定する遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法にあり、欠陥箇所を有する区画の特定と区画内の欠陥箇所の特定をそれぞれの状況にあった効率のよい方法を採用していると言え、総合的に早く簡単に欠陥箇所の検査を終えることができる。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、更に本発明の具体的な実施態様を添付図面に従って説明する。
図１は本発明の欠陥検査方法に使用する遮水シート接合部の断面図である。
ここで接合部１では、上側遮水シート２の端部と下側遮水シート３の端部を重ね合わせ、その重ね合わせ間に厚みに等しい２つの接合層５、６を間隔を持って配置介在し、上下側の遮水シート２、３と２つの接合層５、６に囲まれた空間を気密性を有する通路４に形成している。得られた接合部の表面はわずかな段差部７を有している。
そして、この通路４内には、通気性をもった伸縮可能な中空紐８が自由動可能に介在し、接合部１に荷重がかかっても検査のための通路４を遮断することがなくなり、また下地の移動により接合部１が伸張しても中空紐８もこれに追従するために切断することがなく、確実に検査することができる。
【００１３】
図２は本発明の欠陥検査方法に使用する他の遮水シート接合部の断面図であり、この接合部１では、上側遮水シート２の端部と下側遮水シート３の端部を重ね合わせ、その重ね合わせ間に厚さの相違する２つの接合層５、６を間隔を持って配置介在し、上下側の遮水シート２、３と２つの接合層５、６に囲まれた空間を図１に示される空間より容積の小さくなった気密性の通路４にしている。容積の小さくなった通路４を減圧する場合、その時間は短縮できる。
そして、この通路４内には、通気性をもった伸縮可能な中空紐８が自由動可能に介在している。
【００１４】
相違する２つの接合層５、６は、前述のとおりであるが、厚みの小さい接合層５は接着剤や熱融着により接合してもよい。
【００１５】
図３は本発明の欠陥検査方法に使用する更に他の遮水シート接合部の断面図であり、上側遮水シート２の端部と下側遮水シート３の端部を重ね合わせた接合部１間に、厚さの相違する２つの接合層５、６を間隔を持って配置している。
厚さの小さい接合層５は塗布した接着剤のみからなり、一方厚さの大きい接合層６は接着剤の間にポリエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、塩化ビニル等の合成樹脂フィルムからなるシール材６ａを介在し、容積を小さくした気密性の通路４を形成している。上記シール材６ａは接合剤でなく接合部１間に所定空間をもつ通路４を形成させるものであり、シール材６ａの厚みを変えることにより通路４の容積を調節することができる。
そして、この通路４内には、同様に通気性をもった伸縮可能な中空紐８が自由動可能に介在している。
【００１６】
また、図４に示す実施例では、通気性をもった伸縮可能な中空紐８が通路４内を完全に充満した状態で埋設し、位置固定されている。
【００１７】
上記中空紐８は、ナイロン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリエステル繊維、金属繊維を素材とした直径１〜４ｍｍの中空状編み物であり、長手方向に収縮できる特性があり、下地の挙動に追従できる。この中空紐８の引張弾性率は０．１〜１ｋｇｆの範囲が下地の動きに追従するうえで好ましい。
【００１８】
前述の接合層５と６に用いる素材は特に限定するものではなく、例えば遮水シートが加硫ゴムシートの場合には環境温度によって加硫する自然加硫型ゴムテープ、合成樹脂フィルムが使用され、遮水シートが熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー等の場合には熱融着により接合しても構わない。また、液状の接着剤としては、自然加硫型、２液混合タイプ、ブチルゴム系接着剤が使用される。
特に、本発明においては遮水シートを現場で接合する場合に作業性が改善され、かつ充分な接合力を有する自然加硫型ゴムテープを用いるのが好ましい。このテープの厚さは０．５〜３．０ｍｍで幅７０〜２００ｍｍの広いものと、１０〜７０ｍｍの狭い２種類のテープを用いる。
【００１９】
ここで使用する遮水シート２、３としては、例えばエチレン・プロピレン・ターポリマー（ＥＰＴ）、ブチルゴム、あるいはＥＰＴとＩＩＲのブレンド物からなる加硫ゴム、塩化ビニル、酢酸ビニル等の熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー、もしくはゴム化アスファルト等からなる。
【００２０】
本発明方法で用いられる真空ポンプ９の例としては、図５に示すようなものであり、手動または電動のポンプ本体１０を作動させて接合部の区画にホースや金属製の中空棒や針などからなる挿入管１１を漏れが起こらないようにシールして挿入する。挿入する位置は接合部１の区画の端部であってもよく、また挿入管１１が針の場合には途中の任意の位置であってもよい。ポンプ本体１０と挿入管１１の間はホース１２で連結されており、中間位置に圧力ゲージ１３を配置している。
【００２１】
以上のような構成で設けた接合部１は、接合部の欠陥箇所を検査すべく使用される。すなわち、かかる検査方法を行うにはまず接合部の延長方向に沿って、接合部を所定長、例えば数ｍ〜数１０ｍ程度が一つの区画に区分され、両端部は気密性を持たせるために接合層５と接合層６のあいだに不定形シール材１４を充填したり、図示はしないがグリッププライヤーなどを用いて挟み込んた状態となっている。その区画の端部において、図６に示すように、減圧するための真空ポンプ９の挿入管１１を中空紐８に挿入する。
【００２２】
そして、真空ポンプ９で中空紐８内を吸引し、減圧状態にする。その後減圧状態で所定時間経過後、圧力ゲージ１３を読み取り、圧力に変化が生じていると、その区画のどこかに接合欠陥箇所があることがわかる。
【００２３】
気密性を有する幅及び高さは前記の接合層５、６の配置及び厚みで決定されるが、接合層５、６の厚みを０．５〜３．０ｍｍとしたのは、０．５ｍｍ未満であると接合強度が不十分であり、３．０ｍｍより大きくすると接合層５、６を介在した接合部１の段差が大きくなってしまうので好ましくないからである。
【００２４】
減圧は１０〜６０ｃｍＨｇの範囲内とする。１０ｃｍＨｇよりも小さい値にすると、大気圧との圧力差が小さいので、接合部１に欠陥があっても圧力の変化が検知しにくくなり、６０ｃｍＨｇよりも大きな値にすると接合部１において必要以上に遮水シート２、３が伸ばされるので好ましくない。
【００２５】
このように、接合部１に設けた中空紐８内を減圧することによって接合部の欠陥箇所を検査する方法を採れば、従来、接合部の剥がれを恐れて圧力を上げれないために、一つの検査区画が最長でも１５ｍ程度が限界であったのを１００ｍ以上まで長くすることが可能になるので、検査の効率を上げることができる。
欠陥箇所のある区画を特定することができたら、次にその区画のどの部分に欠陥箇所があるかを調べる工程に進む。
【００２６】
欠陥箇所を特定することができる一つの方法としては、欠陥箇所を含む区画内の接合部１の通路４内を、通路４が外から見て膨らむぐらいに加圧する。そして、接合部１の状態を観察し、図７に示すような本来接着しているはずのところが膨らんでいる異常箇所１５を発見すればその箇所が欠陥箇所であることがわかる。
【００２７】
もう一つの方法としては、欠陥箇所を含む区画内の接合部１全域に石鹸水を塗布し、通路４内を加圧する。そして、接合部１の状態を観察し、石鹸水の泡発生を箇所を発見すれば、その箇所が欠陥箇所であることがわかる。通路４内を加圧するために、加圧用のポンプを用いる必要があるが、前記の真空ポンプを加圧用のポンプに取り替えて使用してもよいし、元々減圧と加圧とを切り替えることのできるポンプを用いてもよい。
【００２８】
【実施例】
次に本発明の検査方法の具体例を説明する。
厚さ１．５ｍｍのＥＰＴを主成分とする遮水シートの接合部（幅１５０ｍｍ）に、厚さ１．０〜１．５ｍｍ、幅１００ｍｍの自然加硫タイプの粘着テープと、同じ厚みで幅５０ｍｍの自然加硫タイプの粘着テープとを幅２０ｍｍの間隔をおいて設置し、そしてポリプロピレン繊維からなる直径約２．０ｍｍの中空紐を幅の広い粘着テープの端面に近接する状態で介在して空間上の通路を形成した。
【００２９】
そして、接合部をローラにより転圧（線圧０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ）で圧着して長さ１５ｍの接合部を得た。通路の長さ方向の両端は不定形シール材によってシールし、同時にシートの外部と通路とが連通するように欠陥部をあえて設けた。該接合部を減圧した後に加圧する方法によって欠陥部を特定する検査を行った。
【００３０】
減圧及び加圧をするポンプの挿入管を、接合部の中空紐の端部に取り付け、欠陥部はその端部から１３ｍ離れた箇所に設けている。減圧、加圧ともに圧力を変えて行った。
【００３１】
この結果、圧力を上昇しすぎると接合部が剥がれてしまうので、０．０１ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 程度までしか加圧することができないため、接合部の全長を均一な圧力にするまでの時間がかかり、減圧する方法に比べると検査時間が著しく長くなってしまう。
また、減圧の場合にも１０ｃｍＨｇより小さくすると、大気圧との圧力差が小さく接合部に欠陥があっても圧力の変化が検知しにくくなる。そして、減圧を６０ｃｍＨｇより大きくすると、接合部において遮水シートが必要以上に伸ばされるので好ましくない。
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本願の請求項１〜２記載の発明では、遮水シート接合部における遮水シート同士の重ね合わせ間で、しかも接合部長手方向に通気性をもった伸縮可能な中空紐を介在し、この中空紐を所定長の区画に区分して区画毎に中空紐内を減圧し、減圧後の中空紐内の圧力の変動を検知することにより、遮水シート接合部の欠陥の有無を検査し、次いで欠陥を有する区画において、中空紐内を加圧して欠陥個所を特定する方法であり、上記の中空紐を使用しているために接合部に荷重がかかっても検査通路の遮断がなく、また中空紐が伸縮性を有しているため下地地盤の動きと接合部の動きに充分追従できるため、切断することがなく、欠陥検査も確実に行うことができる。
更に、通路内を加圧する方法と比べると接合部の剥がれの恐れがなく、大きな圧力差をもって減圧することができるので、所定圧まで減圧する時間が短くなると共に一度に検査する接合部の長さをより長くすることができ、検査作業の効率を向上することができる。
【００３３】
本願の請求項３記載の発明では、中空紐内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、中空紐内を加圧し、接合部の膨れ状態の異常を目視で確認することによって、欠陥箇所を特定する中空紐が遮水シート接合部における遮水シート同士の重ね合わせ間に２つの接合層を間隔をあけて接合部長手方向に並列に設置介在させることによって気密性を確保した通路内にあってその長手方向に設置されている遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法にあり、通路内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、通路内を加圧し、接合部の膨れ状態の異常を目視で確認することによって、欠陥箇所を特定することができる。
【００３４】
本願の請求項４記載の発明では、中空紐内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、接合部に石鹸水を塗布して中空紐内を加圧し、泡の発生を目視で確認することによって、欠陥箇所を特定する遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法にあり、欠陥箇所を有する区画の特定と区画内の欠陥箇所の特定をそれぞれの状況にあった効率のよい方法を採用していると言え、総合的に早く簡単に欠陥箇所の検査を終えることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の欠陥検査方法に使用する遮水シート接合部の断面図である。
【図２】本発明の欠陥検査方法に使用する他の遮水シート接合部の断面図である。
【図３】本発明の欠陥検査方法に使用する更に他の遮水シート接合部の断面図である。
【図４】本発明の欠陥検査方法に使用する更に他の遮水シート接合部の断面図である。
【図５】気密性を有する通路の減圧に用いるポンプ斜視図である。
【図６】本発明の検査方法を実施している様子を示す平面図である。
【図７】遮水シート接合部の異常箇所を示す断面斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 接合部
２ 遮水シート
３ 遮水シート
４ 通路
５ 接合層
６ 接合層
６ａ シール材
８ 中空紐
９ 真空ポンプ
１０ ポンプ本体
１１ 挿入管
１２ ホース
１３ 圧力ゲージ
１４ 不定形シール材
１５ 欠陥箇所[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a defect inspection method for a water shielding sheet, and more particularly to an inspection method that can accurately determine a defective portion of a joint without blocking a passage for inspection even when a load is applied to the joint.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In landfill-type waste disposal sites where industrial waste and general waste are stored, there is a risk that sewage leaking from the disposal site may penetrate into the basement and cause environmental pollution. It is obliged to provide a water-impervious work on the bottom of the building. There are various types of water-impervious work, but in general, a method of laying a resinous sheet or a rubber impermeable sheet is often used in terms of reliability, safety, workability, and economy. .
[0003]
In order to prevent water leakage, a water-impervious sheet is laid on the bottom of a facility that stores water in a recess such as a reservoir, reservoir, or pool. Furthermore, in underground structures and the like, a water shielding sheet may be laid over the structure in order to prevent groundwater from leaking into the structure.
And since these water-impervious sheets are difficult in construction, it is difficult to cover the bottom of a water storage facility such as a waste disposal site or a reservoir having a vast area or around the structure with a single water-impervious sheet at a time. Construction is being carried out to cover the entire area around waste disposal sites, water storage facilities, and underground structures by joining and integrating on-site using water-proof sheets.
[0004]
However, in the method of joining such a water shielding sheet in the field, there is a case where a joint failure occurs in the joint part joined in the field, and there is a problem that sewage or stored water leaks from a defective portion due to the joint failure.
Conventionally, the proper inspection of the joint part of the water shielding sheet has been carried out by conducting an adhesion test of the joint part by a sampling test, or by injecting air into the unattached part of the water shielding sheet joint part at the construction site, and applying a constant pressure for a certain period of time After holding, it was evaluated that air would not flow out if there was no pressure phenomenon. However, this method is suitable for water shielding sheets made of synthetic resin such as vinyl chloride, but in the case of elastic sheets such as rubber, the bonded portion is in a sticky state and has a relatively low modulus. There is a problem that a decrease in pressure may be recognized even if no defect occurs, and it is difficult to accurately determine the defective portion.
[0005]
As another method, there is a method in which an ultrasonic inspection machine is brought into contact with the joint portion to detect a defective portion, but this method is also suitable for a resin sheet that is joined by fusion bonding. In the case of a rubber sheet in which a foreign adhesive layer is interposed, there is a problem that it cannot be applied.
Furthermore, in order to improve these problems, the applicant of the present invention has disclosed a needle provided with a smoke blower in a non-attached portion of a preliminarily formed water shielding sheet joint as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-37072. A method has been proposed in which a portion is inserted and smoke is sent from the through-hole of the needle portion, and then the outflow portion of the smoke to the outside of the sheet is observed.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of a method of sending gas such as air or smoke into a narrow passage, the pressure becomes a force in the direction in which the joint portion of the water shielding sheet is peeled off, so if the pressure is increased too much, the joint portion may be peeled off. There was a limit to the size of. The fact that the pressure is limited means that there is a limit to the length of the joint that can be inspected in one operation, and the efficiency of the operation cannot be improved beyond a certain limit. In addition, there is a problem that the joint portion is pressed by the weight of the water-impervious sheet or a person walking during construction, and the passage for inspection is blocked.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention has a longer length that can be inspected in a single operation, and even if a load is applied to the joint, the passage for inspection is not blocked, and a defective portion of the joint can be accurately determined. The object is to provide a defect inspection method for water sheet joints.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve such an object, in the invention according to claim 1 of the present application, a stretchable hollow having a breathability in the longitudinal direction of the joint portion between the water shield sheets in the water shield sheet joint portion. By interposing a string, the hollow string is divided into sections of a predetermined length, the inside of the hollow string is depressurized for each section, and the fluctuation of the pressure in the hollow string after depressurization is detected. In the defect inspection method for the water shielding sheet joint, in which the inside of the hollow cord is pressurized and the defective portion is identified in the section having the defect in the section having a defect, since the hollow cord is used, the joint portion Even if a load is applied, the inspection path is not blocked, and the hollow string is elastic so that it can sufficiently follow the movement of the ground and the joint, so inspection of defects can be ensured without cutting. It can be carried out.
Furthermore, compared with the method of pressurizing the inside of the passage, there is no risk of peeling of the joint portion, and the pressure can be reduced with a large pressure difference. Therefore, the time for reducing the pressure to the predetermined pressure is shortened and the length of the joint portion to be inspected at one time Can be made longer and the efficiency of the inspection work can be improved.
[0009]
In the invention according to claim 2 of the present application, the hollow string is formed by arranging and interposing two joining layers in parallel in the joint longitudinal direction with a gap between the water shielding sheets in the water shielding sheet joining portion. The present invention is in a defect inspection method for a water shielding sheet joint installed in a passage.
[0010]
In the invention of claim 3 of the present application, after reducing the pressure inside the hollow string and confirming that there is a fluctuation in pressure, pressurizing the inside of the hollow string, and visually confirming the abnormality of the swollen state of the joint, A passage in which a hollow string for identifying a defective portion ensures airtightness by interposing two joining layers in parallel with each other in the longitudinal direction of the joining portion with a gap between the water shielding sheets in the water shielding sheet joining portion. It is in the defect inspection method of the water shielding sheet joint installed in the longitudinal direction in the inside, and the inside of the passage is depressurized, and after confirming that the pressure fluctuates, the inside of the passage is pressurized and the joint By visually confirming the abnormality in the swollen state, the defective portion can be identified.
[0011]
In the invention according to claim 4 of the present application, after depressurizing the inside of the hollow string and confirming that the pressure fluctuates, soap water is applied to the joint and the inside of the hollow string is pressurized, and the generation of bubbles is visually observed. It is in the defect inspection method of the water shielding sheet joint part that identifies the defective part by confirming, adopting an efficient method for identifying the section having the defective section and identifying the defective section in the section in each situation However, it is possible to complete the inspection of the defective part comprehensively quickly and easily.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water shielding sheet joint used in the defect inspection method of the present invention.
Here, in the joint portion 1, the end portion of the upper water-impervious sheet 2 and the end portion of the lower water-impervious sheet 3 are overlapped, and two joining layers 5 and 6 having the same thickness are arranged with an interval between the overlaps. A space surrounded by the upper and lower water shielding sheets 2 and 3 and the two bonding layers 5 and 6 is formed in the airtight passage 4. The surface of the obtained joint has a slight step 7.
And, in this passage 4, a stretchable hollow string 8 with air permeability is interposed so as to be freely movable, and even if a load is applied to the joint 1, the passage 4 for inspection is not blocked, Further, even if the joint portion 1 extends due to the movement of the base, the hollow string 8 follows the same, so that it can be reliably inspected without being cut.
[0013]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another water shielding sheet joint used in the defect inspection method of the present invention. In this joint 1, the end of the upper water shielding sheet 2 and the end of the lower water shielding sheet 3 are connected. The two bonding layers 5 and 6 having different thicknesses are arranged with an interval between them, and are surrounded by the upper and lower water shielding sheets 2 and 3 and the two bonding layers 5 and 6. The space is an airtight passage 4 having a smaller volume than the space shown in FIG. When decompressing the passage 4 having a reduced volume, the time can be shortened.
In this passage 4, a stretchable hollow string 8 having air permeability is interposed so as to be freely movable.
[0014]
The two different bonding layers 5 and 6 are as described above, but the thin bonding layer 5 may be bonded by an adhesive or heat fusion.
[0015]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of still another water shielding sheet joint used in the defect inspection method of the present invention, in which the end of the upper water shielding sheet 2 and the end of the lower water shielding sheet 3 are overlapped. Two bonding layers 5 and 6 having different thicknesses are arranged with a gap between them.
The bonding layer 5 having a small thickness is composed only of the applied adhesive, while the bonding layer 6 having a large thickness is provided with a sealing material 6a formed of a synthetic resin film such as polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, or vinyl chloride between the adhesives. Thus, an airtight passage 4 having a reduced volume is formed. The sealing material 6a is not a bonding agent, but forms a passage 4 having a predetermined space between the joint portions 1, and the volume of the passage 4 can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the sealing material 6a.
In the passage 4, a stretchable hollow string 8 having air permeability is interposed so as to be freely movable.
[0016]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a stretchable hollow string 8 having air permeability is buried in a state in which the inside of the passage 4 is completely filled and fixed in position.
[0017]
The hollow string 8 is a hollow knitted fabric having a diameter of 1 to 4 mm made of nylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, or metal fiber, and has a property of contracting in the longitudinal direction, and can follow the behavior of the ground. The tensile elastic modulus of the hollow cord 8 is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1 kgf in order to follow the movement of the ground.
[0018]
The material used for the bonding layers 5 and 6 is not particularly limited. For example, when the water-impervious sheet is a vulcanized rubber sheet, a natural vulcanized rubber tape or a synthetic resin film that is vulcanized according to environmental temperature is used. When the water shielding sheet is a thermoplastic resin, a thermoplastic elastomer, or the like, it may be joined by thermal fusion. As the liquid adhesive, a natural vulcanization type, a two-component mixed type, and a butyl rubber adhesive are used.
In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a natural vulcanization type rubber tape that has improved workability and has a sufficient joining force when joining the water shielding sheet on site. The tape has a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, a wide width of 70 to 200 mm, and a narrow tape of 10 to 70 mm.
[0019]
Examples of the water-impervious sheets 2 and 3 used here are vulcanized rubber made of ethylene / propylene / terpolymer (EPT), butyl rubber, or a blend of EPT and IIR, thermoplastic resins such as vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, It consists of thermoplastic elastomer or rubberized asphalt.
[0020]
As an example of the vacuum pump 9 used in the method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, a manual or electric pump body 10 is operated to form a hose, a metal hollow bar, a needle, etc. The insertion tube 11 is sealed and inserted so as not to leak. The insertion position may be the end of the section of the joint 1 or may be an arbitrary position in the middle when the insertion tube 11 is a needle. The pump body 10 and the insertion tube 11 are connected by a hose 12 and a pressure gauge 13 is disposed at an intermediate position.
[0021]
The joint 1 provided in the above configuration is used for inspecting a defective portion of the joint. That is, in order to carry out such an inspection method, first, in order to make the joints have a predetermined length, for example, about several meters to several tens of meters, are divided into one section along the extending direction of the joints, and both ends have airtightness. An indeterminate sealing material 14 is filled between the bonding layer 5 and the bonding layer 6 or is sandwiched by grip pliers or the like (not shown). At the end of the compartment, as shown in FIG. 6, the insertion tube 11 of the vacuum pump 9 for decompressing is inserted into the hollow string 8.
[0022]
And the inside of the hollow string 8 is attracted | sucked with the vacuum pump 9, and it is set as the pressure reduction state. Thereafter, after a predetermined time has passed in a reduced pressure state, the pressure gauge 13 is read, and if a change occurs in the pressure, it can be seen that there is a joint defect portion somewhere in that section.
[0023]
The width and height having airtightness are determined by the arrangement and thickness of the bonding layers 5 and 6, but the thickness of the bonding layers 5 and 6 is 0.5 to 3.0 mm, which is less than 0.5 mm. This is because the bonding strength is insufficient if it is, and if it is larger than 3.0 mm, the step of the bonding portion 1 with the bonding layers 5 and 6 interposed therebetween becomes large, which is not preferable.
[0024]
The reduced pressure is in the range of 10 to 60 cmHg. When the value is smaller than 10 cmHg, the pressure difference from the atmospheric pressure is small, so even if the joint 1 has a defect, it is difficult to detect a change in pressure. When the value is larger than 60 cmHg, the joint 1 is more than necessary. Since the water shielding sheets 2 and 3 are extended, it is not preferable.
[0025]
Thus, if the method of inspecting the defective part of a junction part by depressurizing the inside of the hollow string 8 provided in the junction part 1, conventionally, since one could not raise the pressure because of fear of peeling of the junction part, Since the maximum length of the inspection section is about 15 m, it can be increased to 100 m or more, so that the inspection efficiency can be increased.
If a section having a defective portion can be specified, the process proceeds to a step of examining which portion of the section has the defective portion.
[0026]
As one method for identifying the defective portion, the inside of the passage 4 of the joint 1 in the section including the defective portion is pressurized so that the passage 4 swells when viewed from the outside. And if the state of the junction part 1 is observed and the abnormal location 15 where the place which should be originally adhere | attached as shown in FIG. 7 is discovered, it will be understood that the location is a defective location.
[0027]
As another method, soap water is applied to the entire joint portion 1 in the section including the defective portion, and the inside of the passage 4 is pressurized. And if the state of the junction part 1 is observed and a bubble generation | occurrence | production location is discovered, it will be understood that the location is a defective location. In order to pressurize the inside of the passage 4, it is necessary to use a pressurizing pump. However, the vacuum pump may be replaced with a pressurizing pump, or the pressure reduction and pressurization can be switched originally. A pump may be used.
[0028]
【Example】
Next, a specific example of the inspection method of the present invention will be described.
The same thickness and width as a natural vulcanization type adhesive tape with a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 mm and a width of 100 mm at the joint (width 150 mm) of a water shielding sheet mainly composed of EPT with a thickness of 1.5 mm A 50 mm natural vulcanization type adhesive tape is placed at an interval of 20 mm in width, and a hollow string made of polypropylene fiber having a diameter of about 2.0 mm is interposed in the state close to the end face of the wide adhesive tape. A passage in the space was formed.
[0029]
And the joined part was crimped | bonded by the rolling pressure (linear pressure 0.5kg / cm) with the roller, and the joined part of length 15m was obtained. Both ends in the lengthwise direction of the passage were sealed with an irregular sealing material, and at the same time, a defective portion was intentionally provided so that the outside of the sheet communicated with the passage. An inspection for identifying a defective portion was performed by a method of pressurizing the joint after decompressing.
[0030]
An insertion tube of a pump for depressurization and pressurization is attached to the end of the hollow string at the joint, and the defective portion is provided at a position 13 m away from the end. Both pressure reduction and pressurization were performed by changing the pressure.
[0031]
As a result, if the pressure is increased too much, the joint will be peeled off, so it can only be pressurized up to about 0.01 kg / cm 2, so it takes time to make the entire length of the joint uniform, and the pressure is reduced. Compared to the method, the inspection time is significantly increased.
Also, in the case of reduced pressure, if the pressure is smaller than 10 cmHg, the pressure difference from the atmospheric pressure is small, and even if the joint has a defect, it is difficult to detect a change in pressure. And if decompression is made larger than 60 cmHg, since a water shielding sheet will be extended more than needed in a junction part, it is unpreferable.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the invention according to claims 1 and 2 of the present application, the stretchable hollow string having air permeability in the longitudinal direction of the joint portion is interposed between the water shield sheets in the water shield sheet joint portion. The hollow string is divided into sections of a predetermined length, the inside of the hollow string is depressurized for each section, and the presence or absence of a defect in the water shielding sheet joining portion is detected by detecting the pressure fluctuation in the hollow string after depressurization. It is a method of inspecting and then identifying the defective part by pressurizing the inside of the hollow string in the defective section, and since the hollow string is used, the inspection path is blocked even if a load is applied to the joint. In addition, since the hollow string has elasticity, it can sufficiently follow the movement of the base ground and the movement of the joint portion, so that it is not cut and the defect inspection can be performed reliably.
Furthermore, compared with the method of pressurizing the inside of the passage, there is no risk of peeling of the joint portion, and the pressure can be reduced with a large pressure difference. Therefore, the time for reducing the pressure to the predetermined pressure is shortened and the length of the joint portion to be inspected at one time Can be made longer and the efficiency of the inspection work can be improved.
[0033]
In the invention according to claim 3 of the present application, after reducing the pressure inside the hollow string and confirming that there is a fluctuation in pressure, pressurizing the inside of the hollow string, and visually confirming the abnormality in the swollen state of the joint, A passage in which a hollow string for identifying a defective portion ensures airtightness by interposing two joining layers in parallel with each other in the longitudinal direction of the joining portion with a gap between the water shielding sheets in the water shielding sheet joining portion. It is in the defect inspection method of the water shielding sheet joint installed in the longitudinal direction in the inside, and the inside of the passage is depressurized, and after confirming that the pressure fluctuates, the inside of the passage is pressurized and the joint By visually confirming the abnormality in the swollen state, the defective portion can be identified.
[0034]
In the invention according to claim 4 of the present application, after depressurizing the inside of the hollow string and confirming that the pressure fluctuates, soap water is applied to the joint and the inside of the hollow string is pressurized, and the generation of bubbles is visually observed. It is in the defect inspection method of the water shielding sheet joint part that identifies the defective part by checking, adopting the efficient method suitable for the identification of the section having the defective part and the defective part in the section in each situation It can be said that the inspection of the defective part can be completed quickly and easily.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet joining portion used in a defect inspection method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another water shielding sheet joint used in the defect inspection method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of still another waterproof sheet joining portion used in the defect inspection method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of still another waterproof sheet joining portion used in the defect inspection method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a pump used for decompressing a passage having airtightness.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a state in which the inspection method of the present invention is performed.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing an abnormal portion of a water shielding sheet joining portion.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Junction part 2 Impermeable sheet 3 Impervious sheet 4 Passage 5 Joining layer 6 Joining layer 6a Sealing material 8 Hollow string 9 Vacuum pump 10 Pump body 11 Insertion pipe 12 Hose 13 Pressure gauge 14 Indeterminate sealing material 15 Defect location

Claims (4)

遮水シート接合部における遮水シート同士の重ね合わせ間で、しかも接合部長手方向に通気性をもった伸縮可能な中空紐を介在し、この中空紐を所定長の区画に区分して区画毎に中空紐内を減圧し、減圧後の中空紐内の圧力の変動を検知することにより、遮水シート接合部の欠陥の有無を検査し、次いで欠陥を有する区画において、中空紐内を加圧して欠陥個所を特定することを特徴とする遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法。A stretchable hollow cord having air permeability in the longitudinal direction of the joining portion is interposed between the water shielding sheets in the water shielding sheet joining portion, and the hollow cord is divided into compartments of a predetermined length. The inside of the hollow cord is depressurized and the pressure inside the hollow cord after depressurization is detected to inspect the presence or absence of defects in the water shielding sheet joint , and then the inside of the hollow cord is pressurized in the defective section. A defect inspection method for a water shielding sheet joint, characterized in that a defective part is identified . 中空紐が、遮水シート接合部における遮水シート同士の重ね合わせ間に２つの接合層を間隔を開けて接合部長手方向に並列に設置介在させることによって形成された通路内に設置された請求項１記載の遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法。  The hollow string is installed in a passage formed by interposing two joining layers in parallel with each other in the longitudinal direction of the joint part with a gap between the two water-impervious sheets at the joint part of the waterproof sheet. Item 8. A method for inspecting defects in a water shielding sheet joint according to Item 1. 中空紐内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、中空紐内を加圧し、接合部の膨れ状態の異常を目視で確認することによって、欠陥箇所を特定する請求項１〜２記載の遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法。  The inside of the hollow string is depressurized, and after confirming that there is a fluctuation in pressure, the inside of the hollow string is pressurized, and the defect portion is specified by visually confirming an abnormality in the swollen state of the joint portion. The defect inspection method of the water-shielding sheet junction as described. 中空紐内を減圧し、圧力の変動のあることを確認した後、接合部に石鹸水を塗布して中空紐内を加圧し、泡の発生を目視で確認することによって欠陥箇所を特定する請求項１、２、または３記載の遮水シート接合部の欠陥検査方法。  After depressurizing the inside of the hollow string and confirming that the pressure fluctuates, applying soapy water to the joint, pressurizing the inside of the hollow string, and identifying the defective part by visually confirming the generation of bubbles Item 4. A method for inspecting defects in a water shielding sheet joint according to item 1, 2 or 3.
JP11344997A 1997-04-14 1997-04-14 Defect inspection method for water shielding sheet joints Expired - Fee Related JP3910256B2 (en)

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