JP3909880B2 - High penetration neutral detergent - Google Patents

High penetration neutral detergent Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3909880B2
JP3909880B2 JP29389595A JP29389595A JP3909880B2 JP 3909880 B2 JP3909880 B2 JP 3909880B2 JP 29389595 A JP29389595 A JP 29389595A JP 29389595 A JP29389595 A JP 29389595A JP 3909880 B2 JP3909880 B2 JP 3909880B2
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Prior art keywords
weight
ethylene oxide
carbon atoms
degreasing
oil
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JP29389595A
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JPH09137189A (en
Inventor
博司 小林
政江 小川
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金属、セラミックス、ガラス、プラスチック等の脱脂洗浄に用いる水系の洗浄剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、金属、セラミックス、ガラス、プラスチック等の工業用の脱脂洗浄剤としては、アルカリ洗浄剤を代表とする水系洗浄剤、および1,1,1−トリクロロエタンを代表とする溶剤系洗浄剤が用いられている。
アルカリ洗浄剤は、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルを代表とする非イオン界面活性剤、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを代表とするアニオン界面活性剤等の界面活性剤、炭酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、ホウ酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ塩、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、エチレンジアミンテトラ酢酸塩、ニトリロトリ酢酸塩、グルコン酸塩等のキレート剤、ベンゾトリアゾール、アミン類、アルカノールアミン類、亜硝酸ナトリウム等の防錆剤等を適宜配合したものである。その配合組成は、たとえば、辻薦著「精密洗浄技術」(工学図書刊)第117〜120頁、辻薦編著「精密洗浄技術マニュアル」(新技術開発センター刊)第50〜56頁に記載されているように、洗浄する物品、金属、汚れに応じて種々のものが提案されている。しかし、脱脂力、浸透力は、1,1,1−トリクロロエタン等の塩素系溶剤に比べて劣る為、実際の適用分野としては、簡単な構造を有する物品の洗浄や洗浄後の残存油分量をあまり気にしない分野が主体である。
【0003】
一方、1,1,1−トリクロロエタン等の塩素系溶剤は、脱脂力、浸透力に優れ、切削油、引き抜き油、プレス油等あらゆる脱脂に適用でき、主として、複雑な構造を有する物品や、高い清浄度を要求する精密部品の洗浄分野で用いられている。
ところが、近年、塩素系溶剤による地下水汚染、大気汚染、オゾン層破壊等の環境問題が顕著に現れるようになり、産業界ではこれを代替するための洗浄剤として、従来の水系洗浄剤を適用しつつある。
【0004】
しかしながら、従来の水系洗浄剤は、塩素系溶剤に比べ、脱脂力、浸透力が劣り、特に、切削油、引き抜き油や粘度の高いプレス油等が狭い隙間や細部に付着しているような場合や、部品表面のごく微量の残留油分量を問題にする場合に適用することが難しい。
脱脂力、浸透性を上げるためには、多量の低HLBの非イオン界面活性剤を使用して油乳化力を上げること、洗浄温度を高くして油の粘度を下げることが考えられる。しかし、多量の低HLBの非イオン界面活性剤の配合は、製品としての安定な液体状化を困難とし、かつ、洗浄温度が非イオン界面活性剤の曇点以上になると、浸透性、脱脂性が低下するため、洗浄温度を高くすることが制限される。
【0005】
アニオン界面活性剤は、泡立ちが大きく、工業用の洗浄剤に使用するには問題がある。
また、脱脂力を高めるためにアルカリ塩を増量してpHを高めることが考えられるが、これも、製品として安定な液体状とすることを困難とし、さらに非鉄金属への影響、作業者への安全性の配慮から好ましくない。
【0006】
安定な液体状とする方法としては、たとえば特開昭60−144398号に示される様な、芳香族カルボン酸ナトリウムを使用する方法があるが、芳香族カルボン酸ナトリウムの代表として用いられるパラターシャリーブチル安息香酸ナトリウムは腎臓、肝臓に対する毒性が強いという問題がある。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、芳香族カルボン酸を含まず、安定な液体状で、曇点以上の温度においても脱脂力、浸透性に優れた水系の中性洗浄剤を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するため鋭意検討した結果、アルカノールアミン、特定の非イオン界面活性剤、および脂肪族カルボン酸を組み合わせることにより前記問題が解決でき、特に、曇点以上の温度においても高い脱脂力と高い浸透性を維持することを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、アルカノールアミンを1〜20重量%、炭素数10〜14の直鎖型第2級アルコールのエチレンオキシド付加物であって、エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が5〜10である非イオン界面活性剤を10〜30重量%、炭素数10〜14の直鎖型第2級アルコールのエチレンオキシドおよびプロピレンオキシド付加物であって、エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が5〜9で、プロピレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が4〜8である非イオン界面活性剤を1〜20重量%、炭素数6〜12の脂肪族カルボン酸を1〜20重量%及び水を含み、かつpHが6〜8.5である洗浄剤である。
【0010】
アルカノールアミンとしては、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミンおよびこれらのアルキル化物、シクロアルキル化物等のエタノールアミン類、モノプロパノールアミン、ジプロパノールアミン、トリプロパノールアミンおよびこれらのアルキル化物、シクロアルキル化物等のプロパノールアミン類、モノイソプロパノールアミン、ジイソプロパノールアミン、トリイソプロパノールアミンおよびこれらのアルキル化物、シクロアルキル化物等のイソプロパノールアミン類、エチレンジアミンのエチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド付加体等が挙げられる。アルカノールアミンの含有量が1重量%より少ないと洗浄力が低下し、20重量%より多いと非鉄金属、特にアルミニウムに対する腐食性が出て好ましくない。
【0011】
炭素数10〜14の直鎖型第2級アルコールのエチレンオキシド付加物であって、エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が5〜10である非イオン界面活性剤(以下、界面活性剤Aと言う。)は、その含有量が10重量%より少ないと洗浄力が低下し、30重量%より多いと、安定な液体になりにくくなり好ましくない。エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数は、5〜10が好ましく、6〜8がより好ましい。これが5より小さいと曇点以上の高温での浸透性が低下し、10より大きいと脱脂性が低下し好ましくない。
【0012】
炭素数10〜14の直鎖型第2級アルコールのエチレンオキシド及びプロピレンオキシド付加物であって、エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が5〜9で、プロピレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が4〜8である非イオン界面活性剤(以下、界面活性剤Bと言う。)は、その含有量が1〜20重量%が好ましく、1重量%より少ないと泡立ちが多くなり、20重量%より多いと、安定な液体状になりにくくなり好ましくない。
【0013】
界面活性剤A、界面活性剤Bの疎水基は、炭素数10〜14の直鎖型第2級アルコールの構造が好ましく、この構造以外では、曇点以上の温度において、脱脂力、浸透性が低下し好ましくない。
炭素数6〜12の脂肪族カルボン酸は、本発明の洗浄剤を、0℃以下の低温から50℃以上の高温まで幅広い温度範囲で安定な液体状として保つために必要な成分で、具体的には、ヘキサン酸、ヘプタン酸、オクタン酸、2−エチルヘキサン酸、ノナン酸、3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸、デカン酸、ウンデカン酸、ドデカン酸等が挙げられる。炭素数が6より少ないと不快な臭気が強くなり、12より大きいと泡立ちが大きくなり好ましくない。この配合量が1重量%より少ないと安定な液体状に保つことが困難になり、20重量%より多いと脱脂力が低下するようになり好ましくない。
【0014】
水は、アルカノールアミン、非イオン界面活性剤、脂肪族カルボン酸等、洗浄剤有効成分を均一な液体製品とするための溶媒として用いる。その量は、前記洗浄剤有効成分および、後述の公知の添加剤等の量と水の総量が100重量%になるように決められる。
洗浄剤のpHは6〜8.5、好ましくは7〜8に調整される。6より低いと鉄に対する安定性が劣るようになり、8.5より高いとアルミに対する安定性が劣るようになり、また、皮膚に対する刺激が強くなり好ましくない。
【0015】
本発明の洗浄剤を実際の洗浄工程に用いる場合は、水によりさらに希釈して用いる。その時の洗浄剤有効成分濃度は、通常0.05〜10重量%である。この洗浄剤有効成分濃度は、洗浄方法、洗浄物品、汚れ等の条件により適宜調整される。
なお、本発明では、その他の界面活性剤、公知の添加剤、たとえば、グルコン酸塩、エチレンジアミンテトラ酢酸塩、ニトリロトリ酢酸塩等のキレート剤、ベンゾトリアゾール、アミン類、亜硝酸塩等の腐食防止剤、脂肪油、シリコン油等の消泡剤、エチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル等でアルキル基が炭素数1から8の直鎖、分枝、環状であるグリコールエーテル類、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n−プロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール、t−ブタノール、n−アミルアルコール、イソアミルアルコール、s−アミルアルコール、t−アミルアルコール、ベンジルアルコール等のアルコール類、ピロリドン、N−メチルピロリドン等の溶剤を適宜配合して用いることも可能である。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。
なお、本発明の評価は以下の方法により行った。
(1)脱脂力試験
30メッシュのステンレス金網(60mm×30mm)に金属加工油(商品名ユニカットGH35、日本石油株式会社製)を含浸させ、100℃で30分加熱した。これを、表1の洗浄剤の5重量%水溶液で洗浄し、洗浄前後の付着油分量から下記式(1)で脱脂率を計算し、1,1,1−トリクロロエタンによる脱脂と比較評価した。
【0017】

Figure 0003909880
(2)安定性試験
洗浄剤を−5℃、30℃、60℃に保ち、洗浄剤有効成分の分離、沈殿がないか観察した。
(3)浸透性試験
洗浄剤を水で1重量%に希釈した水溶液について、JIS L1096記載の方法で、1cm四方のキャンバス生地を浮かべ、これが沈降するまでの時間を測定した。
【0018】
【実施例1〜5】
表1に示す洗浄剤を配合し、評価試験を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
【0019】
【比較例1〜7】
表1に示す洗浄剤を配合し、評価試験を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
【0020】
【表1】
Figure 0003909880
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 0003909880
【0022】
【発明の効果】
曇点以上の温度でも、塩素系溶剤に匹敵する脱脂力、高い浸透性を有する、安定な液体状の水系の中性洗浄剤が得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aqueous cleaning agent used for degreasing cleaning of metals, ceramics, glass, plastics and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as industrial degreasing cleaners for metals, ceramics, glass, plastics, etc., aqueous cleaners typified by alkaline cleaners and solvent-based cleaners typified by 1,1,1-trichloroethane have been used. ing.
The alkaline detergent is a nonionic surfactant represented by polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, a surfactant such as anionic surfactant represented by sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium borate, Alkaline salts such as sodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, chelating agents such as sodium tripolyphosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, nitrilotriacetate, gluconate, benzotriazole, amines, alkanolamines, sodium nitrite A rust preventive agent such as Its composition is described, for example, in “Recommendation of Precision Cleaning” (published by Engineering Books), pages 117-120, and in “Recommendation of Precision Cleaning Technique” (published by New Technology Development Center), pages 50-56. As described above, various products have been proposed depending on the article to be cleaned, metal, and dirt. However, the degreasing power and penetrating power are inferior to chlorinated solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Therefore, as an actual application field, the amount of oil remaining after washing or washing of an article having a simple structure is used. Mainly in fields that don't care much.
[0003]
On the other hand, chlorinated solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane are excellent in degreasing power and penetrating power, and can be applied to all types of degreasing such as cutting oil, drawing oil, and press oil. Mainly, articles having a complicated structure and high It is used in the field of precision parts that require cleanliness.
However, in recent years, environmental problems such as groundwater contamination, air pollution, and ozone depletion due to chlorinated solvents have become prominent, and the conventional water-based cleaning agents have been applied as cleaning agents to replace them. It's getting on.
[0004]
However, conventional water-based cleaning agents are inferior in degreasing and penetrating power compared to chlorinated solvents, especially when cutting oil, drawing oil or highly viscous press oil adheres to narrow gaps or details. In addition, it is difficult to apply when a very small amount of residual oil on the surface of the component is a problem.
In order to increase the degreasing power and the permeability, it is conceivable to increase the oil emulsifying power by using a large amount of a low HLB nonionic surfactant and to increase the washing temperature to lower the viscosity of the oil. However, the formulation of a large amount of low HLB nonionic surfactant makes it difficult to make a stable liquid as a product, and when the washing temperature is higher than the cloud point of the nonionic surfactant, the permeability and degreasing properties are reduced. As a result, the cleaning temperature is limited.
[0005]
Anionic surfactants have large foaming and are problematic for use in industrial cleaners.
In order to increase the degreasing power, it is conceivable to increase the pH by increasing the amount of alkali salt, but this also makes it difficult to obtain a stable liquid form as a product. It is not preferable because of safety considerations.
[0006]
As a method for obtaining a stable liquid, there is a method using sodium aromatic carboxylate as disclosed in, for example, JP-A-60-144398. Paratertiary used as a representative of sodium aromatic carboxylate. Sodium butylbenzoate has a problem that it is highly toxic to the kidney and liver.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous neutral detergent that does not contain an aromatic carboxylic acid, is in a stable liquid form, and has excellent degreasing power and permeability even at temperatures above the cloud point. .
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors can solve the above problems by combining alkanolamines, specific nonionic surfactants, and aliphatic carboxylic acids, and in particular, temperatures above the cloud point. In addition, the inventors have found that high degreasing power and high permeability are maintained, and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the present invention is an ethylene oxide adduct of a linear secondary alcohol having 1 to 20% by weight of alkanolamine and 10 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the average addition mole number of ethylene oxide is 5 to 10 10-30 wt% of a surfactant and an ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adduct of a linear secondary alcohol having 10 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the average addition mole number of ethylene oxide is 5 to 9, and the average of propylene oxide 1 to 20% by weight of a nonionic surfactant having an added mole number of 4 to 8, 1 to 20% by weight of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and water, and a pH of 6 to 8.5. Is a cleaning agent.
[0010]
Examples of alkanolamines include ethanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and their alkylated products and cycloalkylated products, monopropanolamine, dipropanolamine, tripropanolamine and their alkylated products and cycloalkylated products. Propanolamines, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine and isopropanolamines such as alkylated products and cycloalkylated products thereof, ethylenediamine ethylene oxide, propylene oxide adducts and the like. When the content of alkanolamine is less than 1% by weight, the detergency is reduced, and when it is more than 20% by weight, corrosiveness to nonferrous metals, particularly aluminum, is not preferable.
[0011]
A nonionic surfactant (hereinafter referred to as “surfactant A”), which is an ethylene oxide adduct of a linear secondary alcohol having 10 to 14 carbon atoms and having an average addition mole number of ethylene oxide of 5 to 10. If the content is less than 10% by weight, the detergency is reduced. If the content is more than 30% by weight, it becomes difficult to form a stable liquid. 5-10 are preferable and, as for the average added mole number of ethylene oxide, 6-8 are more preferable. When this is smaller than 5, the permeability at a high temperature above the cloud point is lowered, and when it is larger than 10, the degreasing property is lowered, which is not preferable.
[0012]
An ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adduct of a linear secondary alcohol having 10 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the average addition mole number of ethylene oxide is 5 to 9, and the average addition mole number of propylene oxide is 4 to 8. The content of the ionic surfactant (hereinafter referred to as “surfactant B”) is preferably 1 to 20% by weight, and if it is less than 1% by weight, foaming increases, and if it is more than 20% by weight, a stable liquid is obtained. This is not preferable because it becomes difficult to form a shape.
[0013]
The hydrophobic group of the surfactant A and the surfactant B preferably has a structure of a linear secondary alcohol having 10 to 14 carbon atoms. Other than this structure, the degreasing power and permeability are at temperatures above the cloud point. Decreasing and not preferable.
The aliphatic carboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is a component necessary for maintaining the cleaning agent of the present invention as a stable liquid in a wide temperature range from a low temperature of 0 ° C. or lower to a high temperature of 50 ° C. or higher. Examples include hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid and the like. When the number of carbon atoms is less than 6, unpleasant odor becomes strong, and when the number is more than 12, foaming increases, which is not preferable. If the blending amount is less than 1% by weight, it is difficult to maintain a stable liquid state. If the blending amount is more than 20% by weight, the degreasing power is lowered, which is not preferable.
[0014]
Water is used as a solvent for making the active ingredient of the cleaning agent, such as alkanolamine, nonionic surfactant and aliphatic carboxylic acid, into a uniform liquid product. The amount thereof is determined so that the total amount of water and the amount of the cleaning agent active ingredient and the known additives described later and the total amount of water is 100% by weight.
The pH of the cleaning agent is adjusted to 6 to 8.5, preferably 7 to 8. If it is lower than 6, the stability to iron becomes inferior, and if it is higher than 8.5, the stability to aluminum becomes inferior, and the skin irritation becomes strong, which is not preferable.
[0015]
When the cleaning agent of the present invention is used in an actual cleaning process, it is further diluted with water. The concentration of the cleaning agent active ingredient at that time is usually 0.05 to 10% by weight. The concentration of the cleaning agent active ingredient is appropriately adjusted depending on conditions such as a cleaning method, a cleaning article, and dirt.
In the present invention, other surfactants, known additives, for example, chelating agents such as gluconate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, nitrilotriacetate, corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, amines, nitrite, Antifoaming agent such as fatty oil, silicone oil, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether, triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, triethylene glycol monophenyl ether, propylene glycol mono Alkyl ether, propylene glycol monophenyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoalkyl ether, dipropylene glycol monophenyl ether, tripropylene glycol Glycol monoalkyl ethers, tripropylene glycol monophenyl ethers, etc., where the alkyl group is a linear, branched or cyclic glycol ether having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso An alcohol such as butanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, s-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, or a solvent such as pyrrolidone or N-methylpyrrolidone can also be appropriately used. is there.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
The evaluation of the present invention was performed by the following method.
(1) Degreasing power test A 30-mesh stainless steel wire mesh (60 mm × 30 mm) was impregnated with a metal processing oil (trade name: Unicut GH35, manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.) and heated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes. This was washed with a 5% by weight aqueous solution of the cleaning agent in Table 1, and the degreasing rate was calculated from the amount of attached oil before and after the washing by the following formula (1), and compared with degreasing by 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
[0017]
Figure 0003909880
(2) Stability test The cleaning agent was kept at -5 ° C, 30 ° C and 60 ° C, and it was observed whether there was any separation or precipitation of the cleaning agent active ingredient.
(3) Permeability test With respect to an aqueous solution obtained by diluting a detergent to 1% by weight with water, a 1 cm square canvas fabric was floated by the method described in JIS L1096, and the time until it settled was measured.
[0018]
Examples 1-5
The cleaning agent shown in Table 1 was blended and an evaluation test was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0019]
[Comparative Examples 1-7]
The cleaning agent shown in Table 1 was blended and an evaluation test was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003909880
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003909880
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
Even at temperatures above the cloud point, a stable liquid aqueous neutral detergent having degreasing power comparable to that of chlorinated solvents and high permeability can be obtained.

Claims (1)

アルカノールアミンを1〜20重量%、炭素数10〜14の直鎖型第2級アルコールのエチレンオキシド付加物であって、エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が5〜10である非イオン界面活性剤を10〜30重量%、炭素数10〜14の直鎖型第2級アルコールのエチレンオキシドおよびプロピレンオキシド付加物であって、エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が5〜9で、プロピレンオキシドの平均付加モル数が4〜8である非イオン界面活性剤を1〜20重量%、炭素数6〜12の脂肪族カルボン酸を1〜20重量%及び水を含み、かつpHが6〜8.5である洗浄剤。1 to 20% by weight of an alkanolamine and an ethylene oxide adduct of a linear secondary alcohol having 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and a nonionic surfactant having an average addition mole number of ethylene oxide of 5 to 10 30% by weight of an ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adduct of a linear secondary alcohol having 10 to 14 carbon atoms having an average addition mole number of ethylene oxide of 5 to 9 and an average addition mole number of propylene oxide of 4 to 4 A detergent comprising 1 to 20% by weight of a nonionic surfactant which is 8; 1 to 20% by weight of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and water having a pH of 6 to 8.5.
JP29389595A 1995-11-13 1995-11-13 High penetration neutral detergent Expired - Lifetime JP3909880B2 (en)

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JP3464593B2 (en) * 1997-07-08 2003-11-10 ライオン株式会社 Liquid detergent composition
JP2000336391A (en) * 1999-05-27 2000-12-05 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Liquid detergent having good oil-separation and penetration properties
JP2006193653A (en) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-27 Kusunoki Kagaku Kk Cleaner for cleaning metal part and cleaning method
JP5247104B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2013-07-24 小林製薬株式会社 Liquid cleaning composition

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