JP3909648B2 - lathe - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lathe capable of automatically changing workpieces and tools.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a lathe that automatically replaces a work on a headstock with a loader and automatically replaces a tool on a tool post with an exchange arm.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the conventional lathe, since there are two exchange devices, the configuration is complicated and the manufacturing cost is high. Further, since the exchange arm requires its own turning space and the installation space for the tool magazine near the machining area, there is a problem that the lathe becomes large.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a lathe that can automatically replace the workpiece and the tool in easy single and compact structure.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a lathe according to the invention of claim 1 includes a headstock for holding a workpiece rotatably, a tool post for holding a tool, a workpiece stocker for stocking a plurality of workpieces, and a plurality of tools. the a lathe that includes a stock for a tool stocker, provided the headstock provided with movable into and out of the machining area, the work stocker and the moving direction of the headstock outside of the tool stocker machining area, the headstock is machined by the movement from the region to the outside of the machining area, while the exchange of the workpiece to hold the workpiece on the work stocker by movement of the machining area outside the working area, through the tool hand moving the tool from the tool rest and a position corresponding to a position opposite to the tool stocker, the tool on the tool held in the tool rest the tool stocker And characterized in that the exchange.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a vertical lathe will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in this vertical lathe, a tool post 2 is fixed to the lower part of the machine frame 1, and a turret 3 is attached to the tool post 2 around an axis extending in the left-right direction (X-axis direction). It is supported so that it can turn. The turret 3 is provided with a plurality of holes 4 (see FIG. 3) for holding the tool T sideways and an automatic tool clamping mechanism (not shown).
[0009]
A slider 6 is supported on the upper part of the machine frame 1 so as to be slidable along the horizontal rail 7 in the X-axis direction. A headstock 8 slides on the slider 6 along the vertical rail 9 in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). Equipped as possible. The horizontal rail 7 extends over substantially the entire length of the machine casing 1, and the headstock 8 is provided so as to be movable in and out of the machining area in the X-axis direction parallel to the turning axis of the turret 3. A spindle 10 is rotatably supported on the spindle stock 8, and a chuck 11 that holds the workpiece W is attached to the lower end thereof.
[0010]
A work stocker 13 and a tool stocker 14 are juxtaposed in the X-axis direction below the machine frame 1 outside the machining area. The workpiece stocker 13 includes a workpiece conveyor 15 extending in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction), and a plurality of workpieces W are stocked on the conveyor 15 at equal intervals via a pallet 16, and are unprocessed by the movement of the workpiece conveyor 15. The workpiece W is carried into an exchange position facing the chuck 11, and the processed workpiece W is carried out from the exchange position. Then, the processed workpiece W on the headstock 8 is exchanged with the unprocessed workpiece W on the workpiece conveyor 15 at an exchange position where the chuck 11 faces the workpiece conveyor 15.
[0011]
The tool stocker 14 includes a tool conveyor 18 that extends in the same direction as the work conveyor 15, and a plurality of tools T are stocked on the conveyor 18 at equal intervals via a pallet 19 and a stand 20. The tool T used for the next machining is indexed to the exchange position facing the chuck 11, and the tool T used in the previous machining is unloaded from the exchange position. The chuck 11 is moved to an exchange position opposite to the tool post 2 and an exchange position opposite to the tool conveyor 18, and the previous tool T on the turret 3 is moved to the next tool T on the tool conveyor 18 via the tool hand 21. It is supposed to be replaced.
[0012]
The tool hand 21 is vertically mounted on all the tools T on the tool conveyor 18 and is transported by the chuck 11 when changing the tool. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the tool hand 21 has an attachment portion 22 gripped by the chuck 11, a pair of sandwiching pieces 23 that sandwich the tool T sideways, and biases the sandwiching pieces 23 in the closing direction. Spring 24 is provided.
[0013]
Next, the operation of the lathe configured as described above will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, during machining, the spindle 10 rotates the workpiece W, the spindle stock 8 moves in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, and the tool T on the turret 3 turns the workpiece W. When machining is completed, the headstock 8 moves to the outside of the machining area, moves up and down above the work stocker 13, and the chuck 11 replaces the processed workpiece W on the spindle stock 8 with an unprocessed workpiece W on the work conveyor 15. To do.
[0014]
Here, when the tool change command is output, first, as shown in FIG. 6A, the headstock 8 moves from the work stocker 13 to the tool stocker 14 side, and moves up and down above the tool conveyor 18. The chuck 11 holds the empty tool hand 21. Next, as shown in (B), the headstock 8 moves from the tool stocker 14 toward the tool post 2 and descends toward the turret 3, and the chuck 11 attaches the tool hand 21 to the front tool T. Then, as shown in (C), the chuck 11 extracts the front tool T from the turret 3 by the X-axis movement of the headstock 8.
[0015]
Next, as shown in (D), the headstock 8 moves to the tool stocker 14 side and descends toward the tool conveyor 18, the chuck 11 releases the tool hand 21, and the front tool T is placed on the tool conveyor 18. Unload to. Subsequently, as shown in (E), the headstock 8 stands by above the tool conveyor 18, and during that time, the tool conveyor 18 indexes the next tool T and its tool hand 21 to positions facing the chuck 11. Thereafter, the chuck 11 places the next tool T on the headstock 8 via the tool hand 21, the headstock 8 moves along the path opposite to that during unloading, and after the next tool T is mounted on the turret 3, the machining start position To complete one tool change cycle.
[0016]
Therefore, according to this vertical lathe, the chuck 11 automatically exchanges the workpiece W and the tool T as the headstock 8 moves, so that unlike the conventional case, it is not necessary to equip two exchange devices, and the configuration The manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced. In particular, since the work stocker 13 and the tool stocker 14 are arranged side by side outside the machining area, there is no need to install an exchange arm or a tool magazine around the machining area, and there is an advantage that the lathe can be configured in a small size.
[0017]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, for example, or using an endless conveyor circulating in a vertical plane in the engineering tool stocker, or so as to stock the stocker tool hand alone, workpiece and the tool In addition, the shape and configuration of each part are appropriately set within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention, such as mixing and stocking a tool hand in a single conveyor stocker or applying to a horizontal lathe with a horizontal spindle. It is also possible to change and implement.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the lathe of the present invention, the headstock moves from the machining area to the outside of the machining area , exchanges the work to be held and the work on the work stocker, and passes through the tool hand. the tool is moved from the tool rest and a position corresponding to a position opposite to the tool stocker and to replace the tool on the tool and the tool stocker held on the tool rest Te. As described above, since the headstock is provided with the work changing function and the tool changing function, it is possible to automatically change the work and the tool with a simple and small configuration.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a vertical lathe showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the lathe of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the lathe of FIG.
4 is an enlarged view of the tool hand of FIG. 1. FIG.
5 is a side view of the main part of FIG. 4;
6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a tool changing operation by the lathe of FIG. 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Machine frame, 2 ... Tool post, 3 ... Turret, 8 ... Spindle base, 10 ... Spindle, 11 ... Chuck, 13 ... Work stocker, 14 ... Tool stocker, 15 ... Work conveyor , 18 ... Tool conveyor, 21 ... Tool hand, T ... Tool, W ... Work.

Claims (1)

A headstock for rotatably holding the workpiece, and tool rest for holding a tool, a stocker for stocking a plurality of workpieces, a lathe and a tool stocking a plurality of tools stocker,
The spindle stock is provided movably in and out of the machining area, and the work stocker and tool stocker are provided in the movement direction of the spindle stock outside the machining area,
The headstock is machined by the movement from the region to the outside of the machining area, while the exchange of the workpiece to hold the workpiece on the work stocker by movement of the machining area outside the working area, through the tool hand moving the tool from the tool rest and a position corresponding to a position opposite to the tool stocker, lathe, characterized in that the exchange of the tool on the tool held in the tool rest the tool stocker.

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