JP3908337B2 - Endoscope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an endoscope having an optical system subjected to a hydrophilic treatment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, endoscopes have been widely used in the medical field and the industrial field. For example, in the medical field, it is possible to observe a deep part in a body cavity without performing an incision or to perform a therapeutic treatment with a treatment tool as necessary.
[0003]
Conventional examples of such endoscopes include, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 2-131714 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-56895.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem of Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 2-131714 is that the lens frame member that accommodates the optical lens group and the optical lens are not airtightly held, so that the endoscope is gas-sterilized with ethylene oxide gas, formalin gas, or the like. At the time of treatment with an agent, gas may enter the optical lens group, and the hydrophilic lubricating treatment layer may be altered by the gas, thereby deteriorating optical performance.
[0005]
The problem of JP-A-8-56895 is that the objective optical system is fixed by caulking with a metallic lens frame, and an adhesive is applied only to the caulking part to keep the inside of the lens frame airtight. As described above, when treated with a gas sterilant as described above, even if a part thereof is altered, the hermetic retention effect is lowered, and the hermetic function of this part cannot be retained for a long time. That is, since the adhesive is provided only in the portion exposed to the outside, it is easily changed or deteriorated by the gas sterilizing agent, and it is difficult to maintain the airtight function for a long time.
[0006]
Further, when the lens frame is caulked and fixed, the lens is likely to be damaged.
Furthermore, since the hydrophilic portion is also applied to the bonding area, in the bonding between the lens and the lens frame, the bonding between the lens frame and the water-immersed treatment layer is actually performed. It will not be achieved.
[0007]
In addition, since the hydrophilic processing surface of the objective optical system is also provided on the surface that is not airtightly held by the lens frame, the hydrophilic substance is altered by a gas sterilant or the like, as in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 2-131714. There is a problem that the optical performance of the objective optical system tends to be deteriorated.
[0008]
(Object of invention)
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and even when an endoscope is sterilized with a gas sterilant or the like, the hydrophilic processing portion is not altered by the gas sterilant and long-term observation performance can be obtained. It is an object to provide an endoscope that can be held.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  An endoscope according to an aspect of the present invention is an endoscope that includes a plurality of optical elements, and that has been subjected to a hydrophilic treatment for obtaining affinity for water on at least a surface that is not exposed to the outside of the optical elements. The optical element whose front surface is exposed to the outside and the next optical element are fitted into the fitting portion of the optical element fixing frame, and the side outer peripheral surface of both optical elements and the inner peripheral surface of the optical element fixing frame An air-tight filler is filled and fixed between the space between the two optical elements facing each other as an air-tight space,The refractive index of the optical element that is the base material is substantially the same as the refractive index of the optical element that is the base material only in the visual field range through which the observation light beam passes with respect to the optical element surface that faces the optical element that is exposed to the outside. Was synthesized asProvide a hydrophilic coating layerIt is characterized by that.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
1 and 7 relate to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of an electronic endoscope apparatus provided with the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the tip configuration portion of the electronic endoscope, FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the tip portion, and FIG. 5 is the configuration of the observation optical system. 6 is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion near the first lens and the second lens of the observation optical system, and FIG. 7 shows the first lens on which a hydrophilic coating layer is formed.
[0011]
An electronic endoscope apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an electronic endoscope 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, a light source device 3 that supplies illumination light to the electronic endoscope 2, and the electronic endoscope. 2, a video processor 4 that performs signal processing on the video signal 2, a monitor 5 that displays a video signal output from the video processor 4, a VTR deck 6 and a video disk 7 that are connected to the video processor 4 and record video signals and the like. The video printer 8 and the like for printing out a video signal as a video.
[0012]
The electronic endoscope 2 has an elongated insertion portion 11, and a large-diameter operation portion 12 is formed at the rear end of the insertion portion 11, and a universal cord 13 extends from the operation portion 12. By connecting the connector 14 at the tip of the universal cord 13 to the light source device 3, the white light of the lamp 15 is collected by the condenser lens 16 and supplied to the incident end face of the light guide 17. One connector of the signal cable 18 can be connected to the connector 14, and the connector 19 at the other end is connected to the video processor 4, so that a signal picked up by the electronic endoscope 2 is processed and a predetermined video is obtained. It converts into a signal and outputs it to the monitor 5 etc.
[0013]
The insertion portion 11 is provided with a hard distal end constituting portion 20, a bendable bending portion 21, and a flexible flexible tube portion 22 in order from the distal end side. The operation unit 12 is connected to the rear end.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 2, a gripping portion 23 is provided on the distal end side of the operation portion 12 of the electronic endoscope 2, and a vertical bending operation knob 24 a that performs a bending operation of the bending portion 21 on the rear end side of the gripping portion 23. , A left / right bending operation knob 24b, an up / down bending braking lever 25a, a left / right bending braking lever 25b, an air / water feeding button 26 for controlling the air / liquid feeding function, and a suction button 27 for controlling the suction function. Further, a switch 28 for remotely performing a video recording function, a light amount adjustment and the like is provided at the rear end. In addition, a treatment instrument introduction port 29 for introducing a treatment instrument and the like is provided near the front end of the grip portion 23.
[0015]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the tip constituting unit 20 includes an illumination optical system 31 that irradiates the subject with illumination light, an observation optical system (or objective optical system) 32 that connects the illuminated images of the subject, A nozzle 33 for supplying / feeding air to the outer surface of the observation optical system 32 and a treatment instrument port 34 that functions as an aspiration port for aspirating dirt and the like in the subject and also serves as an outlet of the treatment instrument are provided. Yes. The treatment instrument port 34 communicates with the treatment instrument introduction port 29 via the channel 30 shown in FIG.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 4, the tip component portion 20 is formed of a hard member such as a metal or a hard resin, is formed of a tip component portion main body 35 to which the observation optical system 32 or the like is fixed, and an insulating member such as a resin, It consists of a tip cover 36 that is fitted and fixed to the tip component body 35.
[0017]
A lens frame to which the observation optical system 32 (a part of the observation optical system 32) is attached is fixed to the tip component body 35 with a fixing screw 37. The observation optical system 32 is formed by a plurality of optical element groups 38 (see FIG. 5) formed by a plurality of optical lenses and the like, and a solid-state image pickup device 39 is disposed at an image forming position of these optical element groups 38, and image pickup means. Is forming.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 5, the first lens 41 and the second lens 42 of the observation optical system 32 are attached to a first lens frame 43, and the first lens frame 43 is insulated via an insulating frame 44. The second lens frame 45 to which the third lens and subsequent lenses are attached is connected and fixed.
[0019]
An element frame 47 to which a solid-state image sensor 39 is attached is fitted to the rear end of the second lens frame 45 and is fixed with a screw or an adhesive (not shown).
[0020]
A concave portion 48 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the first lens frame 43, and is fixed to the tip component body 35 with a fixing screw 37 as shown in FIG. In addition, a circumferential groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface near the rear end of the first lens frame 43, and an O-ring 49 is accommodated so that water does not enter deeper than the O-ring 49.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 4, a first bending piece 51 that forms the bending portion 21 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rear end portion main body 35, and the outer side is covered with a sheath tube 53 via a mesh tube 52. The front end of the outer tube 53 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the tip component body 35 with a spool and an adhesive.
[0022]
In the present embodiment, the first lens 41 that is disposed in front of the optical element group 38 that forms the observation optical system 32 and whose front surface is exposed to the outside and the second lens 42 that follows the first lens 41 are the first lens frame. 43 is formed in an annular shape with a small thickness between the outer peripheral surface of the first and second lenses 41 and 42 and the inner peripheral surface of each fitting portion of the first lens frame 43. As shown in FIG. 6, an airtight filler 55 having an airtight function is filled in and fixed to the entire space, and the first lens 41 and the second lens inside thereof are fixed. An air gap space between the air gap 42 and the air gap 42 is an airtight space 56. At this time, the outer peripheral surfaces of the first lens 41 and the second lens 42 are roughened in a grain shape so that the airtight filler 55 can easily adhere to the outer peripheral surface.
[0023]
In addition, the ring-shaped flat portion on the rear surface of the first lens 41 is fixed in a state of being in contact with the abutting surface of the first lens frame 43 via the ring-shaped optical diaphragm 57.
[0024]
The airtightness of the airtight filler 55 is not limited to a silicon-based adhesive having an airtight function, and a metal such as nickel, gold, or silver is used on the side surfaces (outer peripheral surfaces) of the first lens 41 and the second lens 42. A metal film is provided by vapor deposition, and the fitting portion between the outer peripheral surface of the metal film and the inner peripheral surface of the metal first lens frame 43 is brazed or soldered with high-temperature solder to be hermetically fixed. You may do it.
[0025]
In this way, higher airtightness can be maintained over a long period of time, and if a material having high resistance to gas sterilization is used for brazing, etc., it is less likely to deteriorate even for gas sterilization processing, Even if the gas sterilization treatment is repeated, airtightness can be secured for a long period of time.
[0026]
In addition, even when airtightly fixing with an airtight filler 55 made of an adhesive, a material that is particularly resistant to sterilization such as gas sterilization or a disinfectant, or a mixture of materials that are highly resistant such as gold powder is used. By fixing the gas tightly, the gas sterilization process may be repeatedly performed so that the deterioration is small and the gas tightness can be secured over a long period of time.
[0027]
In the present embodiment, the lens portion in the airtight space 56 is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment having affinity for water. That is, as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is provided on the lens portion in the airtight space 56.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the first lens 41 is provided with a hydrophilic coating layer 58 on a spherical concave surface portion 41 a facing the airtight space 56.
[0028]
Also, a hydrophilic coating layer 58 is provided on the front surface of the second lens 42 as shown in FIG. The hydrophilic coating layer 58 may be provided only on at least one of these two surfaces. The hydrophilic coating layer 58 may be made of a material such as an ionic surfactant that dissociates into ions by water or a nonionic surfactant that does not dissociate into ions, or a hydrophilic vinyl compound.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 5, the ring-shaped gap between the rear end of the first lens frame 43 and the second lens frame 45 is also hermetically connected and fixed by an airtight filler 55 ′ around the entire periphery. Further, the fitting portion between the second lens frame 45 and the element frame 47 is also hermetically connected and fixed by filling the entire circumference with an airtight filler 55 '.
[0030]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the side portion of the first lens 41 whose front surface is exposed to the outside is filled with the airtight member over the entire periphery and fixed to the first lens frame 43 to be fixed to the first lens 41. The rear surface side of the first lens frame 43 is hermetically sealed, and the connecting portion between the rear end of the first lens frame 43 and the second lens frame 45 is also hermetically sealed with an airtight member, and the second lens frame 45 and the element frame 47 are further sealed. The connecting portion is also made of an airtight member over the entire circumference.
The optical element group 38 in the optical path of the observation optical system 32 extending from the rear surface of the first lens 41 to the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device 39 is arranged in an airtight space.
[0031]
In this case, since the airtight member is formed to have a small area exposed to the outside and to extend long in an annular shape by filling the airtight member over the entire circumference of the fitting portion, etc. Even if the gas sterilization treatment is performed with a gas sterilizing agent, erosion or the like is difficult to occur, and therefore, airtightness can be maintained for a long period of time.
[0032]
Then, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is provided on the optical element inside (specifically, the first lens 41 and the second lens 42), and the affinity of the hydrophilic coating layer 58 with respect to water is increased for a long time. The observation function is maintained for a long time.
[0033]
FIG. 8 shows a structure in the vicinity of the observation optical system 32 of the distal end constituting portion 20 in a modified endoscope. In the first embodiment, the viewing direction is the direct viewing type in which the insertion direction is the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 11, whereas in this modification, the viewing direction is a direction in which the viewing direction is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion ( Strictly speaking, it is a type in which the lateral direction slightly behind the side is the viewing direction).
[0034]
In the first embodiment, an airtight space 56 is formed by filling the fitting portion between the outer peripheral surface of the side of the first lens 41 and the inner peripheral surface of the first lens frame 43 with the airtight filler 55. In the modification, the first lens 41 is attached to the front side of the first lens frame 43, and is substantially between the outer peripheral surface of the side of the first lens 41 and the inner peripheral surface of the opening provided in the tip component body 35. An airtight filler 55 is filled in the annular gap portion so that the inside thereof has an airtight structure.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 8, the tip component body 35 is provided with an opening that opens to the side, and the first lens frame 43 is attached to the first lens frame 43 with the peripheral edge of the rear surface attached with an adhesive or the like. An airtight filler 55 is filled in a gap portion between the outer peripheral surface of the part and the inner peripheral surface of the opening and is fixed to the front-end component main body 35 so that the rear surface side of the first lens 41 has an airtight structure.
[0036]
A second lens (more specifically, a prism) 42 attached to the first lens frame 43 is disposed on the rear surface of the first lens 41, and a third lens is disposed along the optical path on the rear side of the second lens 42. Etc. are arranged so that an image is formed on the solid-state image sensor 39. The third lens and subsequent lenses are attached to the second lens frame 45 or the element frame 47, and this lens frame 45 is fixed to the tip component body 35 via an insulating frame 44 and a lens frame 43 'outside thereof. .
[0037]
An airtight filler 55 is filled in a ring-shaped gap between the outer peripheral surface of the side portion of the first lens 41 and the inner peripheral surface of the tip constituent body 35 around the first lens 41 to fix the first lens 41 in an airtight manner. The rear side has an airtight structure.
[0038]
In this modification, the observation optical system 32 and the solid-state imaging device 39 can be made to have an airtight structure by airtightly fixing the outer peripheral surface of the side portion of the first lens 41 with an airtight filler 55.
[0039]
In the modification of FIG. 8, the first lens 41 attached to the first lens frame 43 may be hermetically fixed to the opening of the tip component body 35 with the airtight filler 55, The first lens 41 that is not yet attached to the lens frame 43 may be fixed to the first lens frame 43 when the first lens 41 is hermetically fixed to the opening of the tip component body 35 with the airtight filler 55. .
[0040]
In the latter case, the tip component body 35 has a lens frame function. Therefore, the lens frame to which the first lens 41 is attached includes the case of the tip component body 35.
[0041]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
When the insertion portion 11 is inserted into the body cavity, the observation optical system 32 shown in FIG. 4 is warmed through the distal end cover 36 and the distal end configuration portion main body 35.
When the observation optical system 32 is warmed, the airtight space 56 surrounded by the first lens 41, the second lens 42, and the first lens frame 43 is also warmed.
[0042]
Thereafter, when air is supplied / liquid supplied to the surface exposed to the outside of the first lens 41, the first lens 41 is rapidly cooled, and the air in the airtight space 56 on the rear surface of the first lens 41 is cooled. Condensation occurs on the surface facing this airtight space due to moisture inside.
[0043]
However, due to the hydrophilic function of the hydrophilic coating layer 58, the water generated by the dew condensation phenomenon does not form water droplets but forms a thin water film on the entire surface.
As a result, the moisture generated by the dew condensation phenomenon on the surface of the hydrophilic coating layer 58 does not hinder light passing through the first lens 41.
[0044]
Further, since the airtight space 56 is an airtight and hermetically sealed space with the airtight filler 55, the electronic endoscope 2 may be treated with a gas sterilant using a gas such as ethylene oxide or formalin. The gas sterilant does not enter the airtight space 56 in which the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is provided, and the hydrophilic coating layer 58 provided on the rear surface of the first lens 41 facing the airtight space 56 is a gas sterilant. There is no deterioration by.
[0045]
In this case, even when the hydrophilic coating layer 58 has a characteristic of reducing optical performance such as coloring with a gas sterilant or the like, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is provided only on the surface facing the airtight space 56. The conductive coating layer 58 does not deteriorate.
[0046]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, since the airtight filler 55 is disposed on the entire periphery of the portion where the first lens 41 and the second lens 42 are fitted to the first lens frame 43, a gas sterilant or the like is provided. Therefore, even if the end exposed to the outside deteriorates, the deterioration does not easily reach the airtight filler 55 on the deep side of the fitting portion, and the airtight performance of the airtight space 56 over a long period of time. Kept.
[0047]
Further, in the case of the modification shown in FIG.
Therefore, the present embodiment and its modifications have the following effects.
Even when the first lens 41 is rapidly cooled during air / water feeding and condensation occurs on the inner surface of the first lens 41, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is provided by the hydrophilic treatment so that the visual field is not obstructed. And even if it is a hydrophilic processing layer of the characteristic which deteriorates when it exposes to this gas sterilant with a gas sterilant, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 given to the surface which faces the airtight space 56 deteriorates. Because there is no, it is always possible to ensure a clear field of view.
[0048]
Even when the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is made of a material that is deteriorated and discolored by the gas sterilant, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is provided only on the surface facing the airtight space 56. The field of view can always be kept clear without deterioration.
[0049]
Further, since the airtight filler 55 is disposed on the entire circumference of the portion where the first lens 41 and the second lens 42 are fitted to the first lens frame 43, the end exposed to the outside with a gas sterilizing agent or the like. Even if the portion deteriorates, the deterioration does not easily reach the airtight filler 55 on the deep side of the fitting portion, and the airtight performance of the airtight space 56 is maintained for a long time. The hydrophilic coating layer 56 can maintain the observation function for a long period of time.
[0050]
Further, when the gas sterilization treatment is repeatedly performed by using a material having high resistance to the gas sterilizing agent as the airtight filler 55 or by providing a metal film on the outer peripheral surface of the lens and airtightly fixing by brazing or the like. However, the airtight performance of the airtight space 56 can be maintained over a long period of time, and therefore the observation function can be maintained over a long period of time by the hydrophilic coating layer 56 in the airtight space 56.
[0051]
For example, in FIG. 6, when the outer peripheral surface of the first lens 41 and the inner peripheral surface of the first lens frame 43 are filled with the hermetic filler 55 and the first lens 41 is hermetically fixed, the hermetic filling is performed in an annular shape. In this case, for example, a metal ring that is colored in the middle or a metal ring that is not easily corroded (for example, a gold ring) may be embedded.
[0052]
In this way, when the gas-tight filler 55 is gradually chipped off or dropped off from the front portion facing the outside by repeated gas sterilization treatment, and a part of the metal ring is exposed, the colored portion or the like If the airtight filler 55 and the like are further replenished in this state, the airtight function can be maintained.
In addition, if a layered structure is formed by embedding a metal ring such as a gold ring, the resistance to gas sterilization can be increased, and the airtight function can be maintained for a long time.
[0053]
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 coated on the first lens 41 has a refractive index that is substantially the same as the refractive index of the first lens 41 that is the base material. It is synthesized.
[0054]
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the thickness d of the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is much smaller than the thickness D of the first lens 41 that is the base material. For example, the thickness d is 1 / 100th of the thickness D. It is as follows.
Further, the base material of the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is not limited to the first lens 41 but may be any lens as long as it is a lens configured in an endoscope.
[0055]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
In addition to the action of the first embodiment, the influence of the variation in film thickness (Δd = dd ′) occurs when the refractive index of the hydrophilic coating layer 58 and the refractive index of the first lens 41 are substantially the same. Since it is a variation with respect to the thickness including the base material, Δd / d >> Δd / D, and the influence of the variation is reduced as expressed in the above equation.
[0056]
According to the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, even if the coating unevenness of the hydrophilic coating layer 58 occurs and the film thickness varies, the influence on the image is small.
[0057]
(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 10 shows the first lens in the third embodiment, and FIG. 11 shows the configuration of the observation optical system.
In the present embodiment, in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, a precoat layer 61 is applied to the surface of the first lens 41 toward the airtight space 56 by vapor deposition or the like.
[0058]
The precoat layer 61 is formed of a coating agent having a component having a high affinity with the hydrophilic coating layer 58. When the precoat layer 61 is applied to the first lens 41 by vapor deposition or the like, the first lens 41 is irradiated with an observation beam. Is covered with a thin film sealant and the like, and after the deposition of the precoat layer 61 is completed, the unnecessary precoat layer 61 is removed together with the thin film sealant.
[0059]
Thereafter, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is coated on the first lens 41 provided with the precoat layer 61.
The above configuration may be applied not only to the first lens 41 but also to all optical lenses that coat the hydrophilic coating layer 58.
Further, the precoat layer 61 may be a coating agent having a performance of preventing irregular reflection of light at the interface with the first lens 41.
[0060]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
Since the precoat layer 61 is applied to the first lens 41 by vapor deposition or the like, the adhesion between the first lens 41 and the precoat layer 61 is good.
[0061]
Further, since the hydrophilic coating layer 58 has a high affinity for the precoat layer 61, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is more closely adhered to the first lens 41 than when the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is directly coated on the first lens 41. Get better.
[0062]
Further, since the precoat layer 61 is deposited only in a range where the observation light beam passes through the first lens 41, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is difficult to be coated in a range where the precoat layer 61 is not deposited.
[0063]
Therefore, it is easy to coat the hydrophilic coating layer 58 only in the visual field range, and the hydrophilic coating layer 58 does not adhere to the range where the first lens 41 is fitted to the first lens frame 43.
[0064]
In the case where the precoat layer 61 is a coating agent that has the ability to prevent irregular reflection of light, as shown in FIG. 11, the scattered light 62 that has entered the first lens 41 from the outside does not pass through the observation light. And it will not be reflected and jump into the field of view.
[0065]
The present embodiment has the following effects.
In addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the operation of coating the hydrophilic coating layer 58 only within the visual field range is simplified.
Since the hydrophilic coating layer 58 is not coated on the fitting portion between the first lens 41 and the first lens frame 43, the airtight filler 55 filled in this portion is the interface between the first lens 41 and the first lens frame 43. It is surely filled and airtightness is kept high. Since the coating for preventing irregular reflection is provided outside the field of view, the influence of the scattered light on the observation image is reduced.
[0066]
In each of the above-described embodiments (including modifications), for example, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 may be provided on the rear surface of the second lens 42 or the other lens surface, or the precoat layer 61 is interposed. Alternatively, the hydrophilic coating layer 58 may be provided.
[0067]
In each of the above-described embodiments, the first lens 41 having a lens function (light refraction function) has been described as the first optical element with the front surface of the observation optical system (objective optical system) 32 facing outside. For example, an optical element such as a cover glass that protects an optical element such as a lens disposed inside the lens without having a lens function may be used.
[0068]
Further, the optical element fixing frame on which the first optical element is hermetically fixed is not limited to the first lens frame 43, and the tip component body 35 is provided with the function (specifically, FIG. 8).
[0069]
In the above-described embodiment, the case of the observation optical system (objective optical system) 32 of the electronic endoscope has been described. However, an optical optical system in which an image guide is disposed as an image transmission unit on the imaging plane of the observation optical system 32. The present invention can also be applied to an endoscope (fiber scope), and is an optical endoscope (specifically, a rigid endoscope having a rigid insertion portion) that transmits an optical image of the observation optical system 32 through a relay optical system. It can also be applied to cases.
Further, the present invention can also be applied to an eyepiece optical system disposed in an eyepiece portion of an optical endoscope.
[0070]
(Fourth embodiment)
Next, the fourth and subsequent embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the fourth and subsequent embodiments, the observation optical system is not described except in the case of the seventh embodiment, but in that case, it is the same as the first to third embodiments. In addition, since the operation and effect in this case are the same as those in the first to third embodiments, different parts will be described.
[0071]
First, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 shows the structure near the curved portion, FIG. 12 (A) shows the state in which the outer tube is removed, FIG. 12 (B) shows the outer tube, and FIG. 13 shows a predetermined length portion of the outer tube. The length range of the curved part to be covered is shown, and FIG. 14 shows a curved state.
[0072]
The present embodiment has a flexible insertion portion and an outer tube that covers at least the outer periphery of the curved portion of the insertion portion, and the inner diameter of the both ends of the outer tube is the outer diameter of the endoscope with which it abuts. The inner diameter of the other outer tube is formed to be substantially the same as the outer diameter of the plurality of node rings constituting the bending portion, and both end portions of the outer tube are formed at the tips in the vicinity of both end portions of the bending portion. In the endoscope which is waterproof and fixed to the component part and the insertion part soft tube,
The distance in the longitudinal direction of the inner diameter portion, which is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the plurality of node rings constituting the curved portion of the outer tube, is shorter than the length of the curved portion of the curved portion.
[0073]
As shown in FIG. 12, the bending portion 21 of the electronic endoscope 2 is formed by knitting a plurality of bending pieces (also referred to as node rings) 51 sequentially connected from the tip, and strands made of polymer or metal in an annular shape. The mesh tube 52 is made up of a stretchable outer tube 53 made of rubber or elastomer. The mesh tube 52 is arranged so as to be in close contact with the bending piece 51, and the outer tube 53 is arranged so as to be covered with the mesh tube 52. It is arranged in.
[0074]
The bending pieces 51 are connected to each other by a connecting pin (or rivet) 63 so as to be rotatable, and the most advanced bending piece 51 is fixed to a hard tip component main body 35 that is a part of the tip component 20, and The bending piece 51 at the rear end is integrally fixed to a flexible tube portion (also referred to as a soft tube portion) 22. The flexible tube portion 22 is covered with a flexible tube skin tube 64.
[0075]
The length of the portion where the bending portion 21 is bent is the distance from the most distal end to the end of the connection pin 63 that rotatably connects the plurality of bending pieces 51 constituting the bending portion 21. ing.
[0076]
A first attachment portion 66 to which a first restricting portion 65 (see FIG. 12B) with a reduced diameter on the front end side of the outer tube 53 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the tip constituting portion main body 35 of the tip constituting portion 20. Further, a second attachment portion 68 is provided at the front end of the flexible tube portion 22 to which a second restriction portion 67 with a reduced diameter on the rear end side of the outer tube 53 is attached.
[0077]
12B, the outer tube 53 has a full length (A + B ″ + C ′) substantially the same as the full length (a + b + c) of the curved portion 21 shown in FIG. The ranges of the narrowed portions 65 and 67 at both ends A and C ′ are formed such that the smaller inner diameter (also referred to as a small inner diameter portion) is smaller than the inner diameter of the intermediate portion B ″. Is smaller than the outer diameters d1 and d2 of the part to be externally fitted, more specifically, about 85% or less. The inner diameter of the outer tube 53 other than both end portions A and C ′ is in the range of 90 to 110% of the outer diameter of the curved portion to which the outer tube 53 is attached (attached).
[0078]
The length represented by A + B ″ of the outer tube 53 is such that the space of the adjacent bending piece 51 from the rear end of the tip cover 36 shown in FIG. The connecting pin 63 is formed so as to have a distance M or more and a distance N from the rear end of the front end cover 36 to the bending piece 51 at the rearmost end of the bending portion 21 on the flexible tube portion 22 side.
At this time, the spaces P1 and P2 of the adjacent bending pieces 51 have a relationship of P1> P2.
[0079]
Next, the operation will be described.
When the outer tube 53 is molded, the length variation of B ″ increases, and even if B ″ becomes longer, C ′ can be arranged at least at the position of the second mounting portion 68 of the curved portion 21. .
[0080]
Therefore, it becomes possible to arrange and attach A and C ′ having a smaller inner diameter of the outer tube 53 at the positions of the first attachment portion 66 and the second attachment portion 68 of the bending portion 21. The waterproofness can be secured.
[0081]
In addition, since the small inner diameter portion of the outer tube 53 is disposed on the side where the intervals P1 and P2 between the adjacent bending pieces 51 are narrow, the net tube 52 and the outer tube 53 are less likely to fall due to the tightening of the outer tube 53.
[0082]
Further, since the small inner diameter portion of the outer tube 53 is arranged on the flexible tube portion 22 side of the bending portion 21, the drop of the net tube 52 and the outer tube 53 to P2 causes the rotation resistance of the bending piece 51 in this part. Thus, the distal end side of the curve is easily bent, and as shown in FIG. 14, the swing width of the bending portion 21 is shortened from X indicated by a two-dot chain line to Y indicated by a solid line.
[0083]
The effect of this embodiment is as follows.
Due to the variation in the overall length of the outer tube 53 due to molding, there is no decrease in waterproofness at the both ends fixing portion of the outer tube 53 and the bending performance is not deteriorated.
In addition, since the swing width of the bending portion 21 is shortened, the target site can be reliably observed even in a narrow lumen.
[0084]
(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 15 shows the configuration of the bending portion with the outer tube removed, and FIG. 16 shows the bending portion.
In the present embodiment, in addition to the configuration of the fourth embodiment, the network tube 52 is impregnated or dipped with a soft resin 69 which is a resin having elasticity.
[0085]
Here, the soft resin 69 is made of RTV rubber, urethane, silicon, or the like, and the range of distribution is about 50, which is a distance L from the connection pin 63 disposed at the forefront of the bending portion 21 to the connection pin 63 at the end. % Distance L ′, and L ′ is a range from the rearmost connection pin 63 toward the front end side.
[0086]
Next, the operation will be described.
In addition to the operation of the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, when the bending portion 21 is bent, the soft resin 69 disposed in the mesh tube 52 becomes the rotational resistance of the bending piece 51, and the soft resin 69 Is preferentially rotated from the bending piece 51 in the range where no is arranged.
[0087]
Further, since the soft resin 69 opposes the tightening by the C ′ portion of the outer tube 53, it does not fall between the mesh tube 52 and P 2 of the outer tube 53.
In addition to the effect of the fourth embodiment, this embodiment does not drop between the bending piece 51 of the net tube 52 and the outer tube 53 and the deterioration at this portion is reduced.
[0088]
(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 shows an outer tube in the sixth embodiment.
[0089]
In the present embodiment, the bending piece shown in FIG. 12A is covered with an outer tube 53 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 17, the outer tube 53 has first and second throttle portions 65 and 67 formed at both ends, which are substantially the same as the first and second attachment portions 66 and 68 formed at the curved portion 21. The distance B ″ ′ between the first and second restricting portions 65 and 67 is shorter than the distance b shown in FIG.
[0090]
In this configuration, when the outer tube 53 is attached to the endoscope, the first and second throttle parts 65 and 67 are extended to the positions of the first and second attachment parts 66 and 68.
Other configurations are the same as those in the fourth embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
[0091]
The operation of the present embodiment is as follows.
Even when the outer tube 53 is formed due to the variation in the distance of B ″, the first tube of the outer tube 53 is assembled at the time of assembly because the distance of B ″ ′ is shorter than b. And by extending | stretching between the 2nd aperture | diaphragm | squeeze parts 65 and 67, the outer skin tube 53 can be arrange | positioned and attached to a desired fixed position.
Thereby, the waterproofness of a fixed position is securable.
[0092]
The present embodiment has the following effects.
Setting the overall length of the mold of the outer tube 53 is simple.
Due to the variation in the overall length at the time of molding, there is no adverse effect on the waterproofness of the attachment portion of the outer tube 53.
[0093]
(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 18 is an overall view of the endoscope, FIG. 19A is a front view from the distal end side of the distal end portion of the endoscope, and FIG. 19B is taken along the line A-O-B in FIG. FIG. 20 shows a detailed structure of the nozzle, FIG. 21 shows an enlarged part of the nozzle, and FIGS. 22 and 23 show nozzle molds (manufactured simply as a mold). FIG. 24 is an explanatory view of the function of this mold.
[0094]
As shown in FIG. 18, an endoscope 81 according to the seventh embodiment includes an elongated insertion portion 82, an operation portion 83 provided at the rear end thereof, a universal cord 84 extended from the operation portion 83, and And a connector 85 provided at the end of the universal cord 84.
[0095]
The insertion portion 82 includes a distal end constituting portion 86, a bendable bending portion 87, and a flexible flexible tube portion 88. The bending portion 87 operates a bending operation knob 89 provided in the operation portion 83. Can be curved.
[0096]
As shown in FIG. 19, the distal end constituting portion 86 is formed of a metal distal end constituting portion main body 90, and the distal end constituting portion main body 90 passes through the endoscope 81 and an external air supply source (not shown), An air / water supply conduit 91 connected to a water supply tank (not shown) is connected, and a suction conduit (not shown) connected to an external suction source (not shown) is connected.
[0097]
In addition, a tip cover member 92 made of an insulating member such as resin is externally inserted into the tip component main body 90 in order to electrically insulate the tip component main body 90.
An objective lens system 94 that forms an image of a subject in the body cavity on an image sensor 93 built in the distal end configuration portion 86 is provided on the distal end surface of the distal end configuration portion 86. Further, the tip constituting portion 86 communicates with the air / water supply conduit 91, and a nozzle 95 for cleaning the objective lens system 94 by jetting liquid or gas to the outer surface of the objective lens system 94 has its nozzle outlet at the objective lens. It is provided to face the outer surface of the system 94.
[0098]
The first lens 101 and the second lens 102 of the objective lens system 94 are fixed to the tip component main body 90 via the first lens frame 103, and the first lens 101 and the second lens 102 are first sealed using an airtight filler. By fixing to one lens frame 103, an airtight space is formed in the facing portion of the first lens 101 and the second lens 102, and the rear surface of the first lens 101 and the front surface of the second lens 102 facing the airtight space are formed. Is provided with a hydrophilic coating layer 104.
[0099]
The operations and effects of the objective lens system 94 are the same as those in the first embodiment. In addition, as shown in FIG. 19A, an illumination lens 107, a treatment instrument channel 108, and the like are provided on the distal end surface of the distal end configuration portion 86.
[0100]
FIG. 20 shows details of the nozzle 95. 20A is a left side view seen from the top (front end) side of the nozzle 95 in FIG. 20B, FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle 95, and FIG. 20C is FIG. 20B. 20D is a right side view seen from the rear end side of the nozzle 95, and FIG. 20D is a bottom view seen from the lower end side of the nozzle 95 of FIG.
[0101]
A hollow portion 96 is provided inside the nozzle 95, and the hollow portion 96 includes an axial hole 97 extending in the axial direction and a radial hole 98 communicating with the tip of the axial hole 97 and toward the objective lens. Become. That is, the hollow portion 96 is composed of two holes that communicate with each other and extend in two different directions, specifically, elbow-shaped holes 97 and 98 formed in an approximately L shape.
[0102]
FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of the elbow portion of the hollow portion 96, and the axial hole 97 and the radial hole 98 intersect at an acute angle or a right angle.
When the nozzle 95 having the hollow portion 96 is manufactured by molding with resin, the hollow portion 96 is formed by abutting a mold for forming the axial hole 97 and the radial hole 98 at the elbow portion. .
[0103]
22 and FIGS. 23A and 23B show this mold 118 (the molds other than the hollow portion 96 are omitted). FIG. 23A shows the mold 118 in a longitudinal section, and FIG. 23B shows a CC section thereof.
The mold 118 includes a core pin 119 that forms an axial hole 97 and a slide 120 that forms a radial hole 98.
[0104]
The core pin 119 has a cylindrical shape, and the slide 120 has a plate shape. The front end side of the slide 120 has a square cross section, and the front end surface 121 and the adjacent side surface 122 at the front end of the slide 120 form a flat surface.
[0105]
Further, the core pin 119 is provided with a flat portion 123 that abuts the tip surface 121 with the surface and a step portion 124 that abuts the side surface 122 with the surface. The tip surface 121, the two surfaces of the flat surface portion 123, the two surfaces of the side surface 122, and the stepped portion 124 serve as the contact portion 125 with which the core pin 119 and the slide 120 abut.
An R chamfered portion 127 is provided at the edge 126 of the core pin 119.
[0106]
Next, the operation will be described.
At a position where the core pin 119 and the slide 120 are in contact with each other as shown in FIG. 23B, resin is injected around the mold 118 from the position D, for example, as shown in FIG. In this case, the resin flows as indicated by an arrow, and resin pressure is applied to the core pin 119 and the slide 120. In particular, the slide 120 receives pressure from both directions, and if there is a difference between the pressures, the slide 120 receives tilt. At this time, the resin pressure from the F side and the E side may be the same, but it is not easy.
[0107]
However, since the abutting portion 125 is composed of two surfaces, that is, the tip surface 121 and the flat surface portion 123, and the side surface 122 and the stepped portion 124, the sliding pressure can be increased by intentionally increasing the resin pressure on the E side rather than the F side. 120 is pressed against the stepped portion 124, and the slide 120 comes into firm contact with the core pin 119.
[0108]
This is easily implemented by providing a gate position for resin injection closer to the tip side. In addition, since the front end surface 121, the side surface 122, the flat surface portion 123, and the step portion 124 are flat surfaces, they are in close contact with each other without gaps.
[0109]
The present embodiment has the following effects.
Since the core pin 119 and the slide 120 are provided with the abutment portion 125 having two surfaces, the core pin 119 and the slide 120 can be combined with high accuracy by using the resin pressure, which is strong against the resin pressure. As a result, burrs are hardly generated, the dimensional accuracy is good, and the nozzle 95 can be formed.
[0110]
Further, since the front end surface 121 and the flat surface portion 123, and the side surface 122 and the stepped portion 124 are flat surfaces, a gap is less likely to be formed on both surfaces than in the case where the curved surfaces are in contact with each other.
[0111]
In particular, as shown in FIG. 38 or 39, when the core pin 119 ′ and the slide 120 ′ are formed by simple contact with one side at the side surface of the core pin 119 ′, the slide 120 ′ is subjected to a tilt due to the resin pressure. In this case, the position where the slide 120 'abuts against the core pin 119' shifts, and the dimension of the elbow portion cannot be obtained as a desired value. 39A shows a longitudinal section of a conventional mold, and FIG. 39B shows a GG section of FIG. 39A.
[0112]
Further, since the mating surfaces of the core pin 119 ′ and the slide 120 ′ are curved surfaces, a gap is likely to occur and burrs are likely to occur. However, this embodiment can solve such drawbacks.
[0113]
In the configuration of the core pin 119 and the slide 120, in order to ensure the strength of the slide 120 and prevent positional displacement with respect to the core pin 119, a recess 28 into which the slide 120 fits may be provided on the core pin 119 side as shown in FIG. In this case, however, the core pin 119 protrudes in the axial direction by a length l.
[0114]
Thus, the fact that the core pin 119 protrudes causes a large step in the bent portion of the nozzle 95, and thus liquid does not easily remain at the step. Further, since the nozzle 95 is also elongated toward the tip side, the inside of the body cavity may be damaged. This embodiment has an effect of preventing this.
[0115]
Further, as shown in FIG. 25 (A), the slide 120 may be provided so that the side surface 134 in the radial cross section of the slide 120 forms a tangent to the circle in the radial cross section of the core pin 119 as shown in FIG. In addition, the diameter of the core pin 119 may be narrower, and the side surface 134 may be provided so as to form an extension line of a circular chord of the core pin 119.
[0116]
(Eighth embodiment)
In the seventh embodiment as well, an R chamfered portion 127 is applied to the edge 126 of the tip of the core pin 119 at a portion other than the contact portion 125 of the core pin 119. However, in this embodiment, a different R chamfered portion 127 is provided. Is provided.
[0117]
In this embodiment, the R chamfered portion 127 is shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 (in FIG. 27, the contact portion 125 on the slide 120 side is omitted). As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the R chamfered portion 127 is provided with an R chamfer so that a certain amount of roundness is provided on the entire surface of the edge 126 other than the contact portion 125 (that is, the R chamfered portion 127 in FIG. 23). Instead, the R chamfering amount is 0 (FIG. 27A) at the portion where the edge 126 intersects the flat portion 123, and the R chamfering amount is maximum at the radial cross section perpendicular to the flat portion 123 (FIG. 27B). The other portions are provided by being sequentially changed in the radial direction as shown in FIG.
[0118]
The radial cross sections of the contact portion 125 of the nozzle 95 formed by the core pin 119 and the slide 120 are as shown in FIGS. Here, FIG. 28A shows a cross-sectional shape along the axial direction of the nozzle 95, and FIGS. 28B and 28C are cross-sectional views taken along lines HH and II in FIG. Is shown.
[0119]
Next, the operation will be described.
By providing the R chamfered portion 127 at the tip of the core pin 119, a corner portion that stagnates at the bent portion of the axial hole 97 and the radial hole 98 does not occur. Therefore, the liquid inserted through the nozzle 95 does not easily remain at the bent portion of the axial hole 97 and the radial hole 98, and the liquid smoothly passes from the axial hole 97 to the surface of the objective lens system 94 through the radial hole 98. Discharged.
[0120]
This embodiment has the following effects.
Since the liquid does not easily remain in the nozzle 95 by the R chamfered portion 127, the liquid in the nozzle 95 due to the liquid remaining, or the liquid remaining at the time of air supply is discharged from the radial hole 98 to the objective lens system 94, and the lens surface It can be prevented from adhering to and obstructing the field of view.
[0121]
Furthermore, by providing the R chamfered portion 127 so that it is maximum at the center only in one radial direction and 0 at the edge portion, the tip surface 121 and the flat surface portion 123 can be provided in a quadrangular cross section.
[0122]
That is, when the chamfering amount is not changed, an R chamfered portion 128 that is the same as the R chamfered portion 127 is required for the slide 120 as shown in FIG. 28D in order to prevent a step difference between the core pin 119 and the slide 120. . In this case, the strength of the slide 120 is lower than that of the quadrangular section, but this can also be prevented.
[0123]
In the present embodiment, the R chamfered portion 127 at the tip of the core pin 119 does not change in the radial direction as shown in FIG. 27, but may be provided as Rθ that changes in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. . FIG. 29A shows a longitudinal section along the axial direction of the core pin 119, and FIG. 29B shows a section taken along line LL of FIG.
[0124]
Rθ changes every time the angle θ rotates about the central axis of the core pin 119 from the plane portion 123. When θ = 0, the portion that contacts the edge portion 126 and the plane portion 123 has an edge at Rθ = 0 and θ = 90 degrees. It is assumed that the portion 126 is provided so as to satisfy Rθ = Rmax at the portion farthest from the plane portion 123. Also in this case, the same effect as the R chamfered portion 127 described above can be obtained.
[0125]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the contact portion 125 is not a contact by two surfaces, but a protrusion 135 having a plurality of surfaces and a recess 136 are provided as shown in FIG. It may be done by. In this case, the combination of the core pin 119 and the slide 120 is improved, and the mutual positions are not easily displaced. As a result, there is an effect that gaps are less likely to occur and flash is less likely to occur.
[0126]
As shown in FIG. 31, a plurality of locking portions 129 for engaging and fixing the nozzle 95 to the tip constituting portion 86 by the engaging member 130 made of a screw or a pin may be provided on the side surface of the nozzle 95.
[0127]
Here, FIG. 31A shows a view as seen from a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the nozzle 95, and FIGS. 31B and 31C show the JJ and JJ of the nozzle 95 shown in FIG. KK sectional drawing is shown.
[0128]
FIG. 32 is a view showing a radial cross section of the tip constituting portion 86 at 29 of the nozzle 95. The engaging member 130 is inserted or screwed into a through hole 132 formed by a hole or screw hole provided through the nozzle housing hole 131 through which the nozzle 95 provided in the tip component main body 90 fits from the side surface direction to engage. By engaging the member 130 with the locking portion 129, the nozzle 95 is fixed to the tip configuration portion 86.
[0129]
1 has a built-in object such as a suction tube and an image sensor, and a layout of the built-in object varies depending on the thickness, the thinness, and the observation site. Therefore, 32 positions and directions with respect to 30 are different. In this proposal, by providing a plurality of 29 corresponding to various models on the side surface of the nozzle 95, the types of the nozzles 95 can be unified or reduced, and the cost of the nozzles 95 can be reduced.
[0130]
Since the nozzle 95 protrudes from the distal end surface of the distal end configuration portion 86, it is necessary to give consideration to safety in order to round the edge on the distal end side of the nozzle 95. For this reason, it is desirable to have as large a roundness as possible. However, the nozzle 95 has a radial hole 98, and if the roundness extends to this portion, the opening 33 which is the open end of the radial hole 98 has a sufficient thickness around it. Cannot be formed with sufficient thickness. If it does so, the intensity | strength of the nozzle 95 will fall and the danger of a breakage will come out.
[0131]
Therefore, R2 around the tip of the R chamfer 34 provided to have a rounded edge at the tip of the nozzle 95, and R2 near the tip edge of the tip constituting portion 86 are set so that R2 <R1. And
[0132]
As a result, the tip of the nozzle 95 on the edge side of the tip surface of the tip constituting portion 86 has a large roundness, so that it is safe without cornering when inserted, and a small roundness in the vicinity of 33 is sufficient. 33 can be formed, and the strength is not reduced.
[0133]
The seventh and eighth embodiments have the following effects.
By providing the two-sided mold contact portion 125, there is an effect that burrs are hardly generated, the dimensional accuracy is good, and the nozzle 95 can be formed.
[0134]
In addition, since the two surfaces are flat, a gap is less likely to be generated on both surfaces than in the case where the curved surfaces are in contact with each other.
Furthermore, since the two surfaces are in contact with each other, the bent portion can be reduced, and as a result, the amount of protrusion from the tip of the nozzle can be kept small.
[0135]
By providing the R chamfered portion 127 at the portion that is bent by the mold contact from two directions, the liquid does not easily remain in the nozzle 95, and the liquid remains in the nozzle 95 due to the liquid remaining, or when air is supplied. It is possible to prevent the liquid from being discharged from the radial hole 98 to the objective lens system 94, adhering to the lens surface and obstructing the field of view.
Note that embodiments and the like configured by partially combining the above-described embodiments and the like also belong to the present invention.
[0136]
[Appendix]
1. In an endoscope configured by one or a plurality of optical lenses, and having a hydrophilic treatment for obtaining affinity for water on all or part of the surface not exposed to the outside of the optical lens,
At least two or more optical lenses are hermetically fixed to the lens frame,
An endoscope characterized in that the hydrophilic treatment is applied to an optical lens surface directed to a space formed hermetically by a lens frame.
[0137]
2. The endoscope according to appendix 1, wherein the optical lens disposed in an airtight manner is an optical lens that exposes one surface to the outside of the endoscope and an optical lens disposed at least adjacent to the optical lens.
(Operation of Supplementary Notes 1-2)
When the endoscope is treated with a gas sterilizing agent such as ethylene oxide gas or formalin gas, gas does not enter the optical lens group, and the hydrophilic treatment layer applied to the optical lens does not deteriorate for a long time. It always exhibits good optical performance and hydrophilic performance.
[0138]
3. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic treatment for obtaining affinity for water is performed only on the inner surface of the optical lens that exposes one surface to the outside of the endoscope.
(Operation of Appendix 3)
In order to remove dirt adhered to the outermost surface of the objective lens, when air / water is supplied to the objective lens surface, even if a significant temperature difference occurs between the inner and outer surfaces due to cooling, fog or water droplets are formed on the inner surface of the optical lens. It means that the screen is clear without generating.
[0139]
(Effects of Supplementary Notes 1-3)
Solves the problem that the hydrophilic treatment agent of the prior art is deteriorated and altered by gas sterilant, etc., and the effect of hydrophilic treatment and optical performance is reduced. The effect is to eliminate.
[0140]
4). The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein a film made of a material having a high affinity with the hydrophilic polymer material is previously formed on the optical lens surface to be subjected to the hydrophilic treatment by vapor deposition or the like. (Purpose of Supplementary Notes 1-4)
Even when the endoscope is sterilized with a gas sterilizing agent, the hydrophilic substance layer applied inside the endoscope objective optical lens is not altered by the gas sterilizing agent. The objective is to provide an endoscope optical system capable of maintaining performance.
[0141]
(Operation of Appendix 4)
The adhesive force between the hydrophilic polymer material and the optical lens is improved by a material having a high affinity with the hydrophilic polymer material.
(Effects of Appendix 4)
In addition to the effects according to appendices 1 to 3, there is an effect of improving the adhesion of the hydrophilic treatment agent to the optical lens surface.
[0142]
5. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic treatment is performed only on a visual field range (optical effective range) on the optical lens surface.
(Purpose of Appendix 5)
This is to securely bond the endoscope objective optical lens and the lens frame.
(Operation of Appendix 5)
Since the hydrophilic treatment layer is not provided outside the optical effective range of the optical lens, the adhesive portion is removed at the portion where the optical lens and the lens frame are fitted, and the deterioration of the bonded portion due to the gas sterilant, gas sterilant, etc. Only the edge that is exposed to the surface is kept, and the entire adhesive surface is not deteriorated.
[0143]
(Effects of Appendix 5)
The hydrophilic treatment layer of the conventional optical lens and the lens frame are bonded to solve the problem that the optical lens and the lens frame cannot be fixed, and the generation of water droplets and fog that occur in the optical lens and obstruct the field of view is eliminated. effective.
[0144]
6). The endoscope according to appendix 5, wherein an antireflection film is formed in advance on the optical lens surface, and the hydrophilic polymer material includes a molecular material having a high affinity with the antireflection film. .
(Operation of Appendix 6)
The antireflection coating prevents irregular reflection of light rays on the surface outside the visual field range of the optical lens and suppresses ghosts and flares that occur within the visual field range.
[0145]
7). The endoscope according to appendix 1, wherein the hydrophilic treatment agent is made of a polymer material having a refractive index substantially the same as the refractive index of the optical lens.
(Purpose of Appendices 6 and 7)
It is to suppress a decrease in optical characteristics of the optical lens due to the hydrophilic substance layer.
(Operation of Appendix 7)
The optical effect of the thickness of the hydrophilic treatment agent is not the amount of change with respect to the thickness of the treatment layer, but the amount of change including the thickness of the optical lens. Becomes smaller.
(Effects of Appendix 6 and 7)
In addition to the above effects, there is an effect that the performance of the optical lens by the hydrophilic treatment agent is not deteriorated.
[0146]
8. In an endoscope configured by one or a plurality of optical elements and having a hydrophilic treatment for obtaining affinity for water on at least a surface of the optical elements that is not exposed to the outside,
The entire circumference of the side of the first optical element with one surface exposed to the outside is airtightly fixed to the optical element fixing frame by an airtight means to form an airtight space on the other surface side of the first optical element. An endoscope, wherein a hydrophilic treatment is applied to the other surface of the first optical element facing the airtight space or one surface of the second optical element facing the other surface.
9. In an endoscope configured by one or a plurality of optical elements, and having a hydrophilic treatment for obtaining affinity for water on at least a surface of the optical elements that is not exposed to the outside,
The entire circumference of the side of the first optical element with one surface exposed to the outside is hermetically fixed by an airtight means resistant to sterilization to form an airtight space on the other surface side of the first optical element. An endoscope, wherein the other surface of the first optical element facing the airtight space or one surface of the second optical element facing the other surface is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment.
[0147]
10. It has a flexible insertion portion and an outer tube that covers at least the outer periphery of the curved portion of the insertion portion, and the inner diameter of both ends of the outer tube is smaller than the outer diameter of the endoscope with which it abuts. The other inner diameter of the outer tube is formed to be substantially the same as the outer diameter of the plurality of node rings constituting the bending portion, and both end portions of the outer tube are arranged at the distal end configuration portion and the insertion portion in the vicinity of both end portions of the bending portion. In an endoscope that is waterproof and fixed to a flexible tube,
An endoscope characterized in that a distance in a longitudinal direction of an inner diameter portion, which is substantially the same as an outer diameter of a plurality of node rings constituting a bending portion of an outer tube, is made shorter than a length of a bending portion of the bending portion.
[0148]
11. Appendix 10 wherein the inner diameter of the small-diameter portion formed in the outer tube is about 85% or less of the outer diameter of the distal end configuration portion of the endoscope to be attached and the outer diameter of the insertion portion soft tube. mirror.
12 The endoscope according to claim 10, wherein the inner diameter of the outer tube outside the small-diameter portion is in a range of 90% to 110% of the outer diameter of the curved portion to which the outer tube is attached.
[0149]
13. The endoscope according to claim 10, wherein the thickness of the small inner diameter portion is increased during molding so that the thickness of the outer tube is substantially uniform when attached to the curved portion of the endoscope.
14 In Supplementary Note 10, the length of the curved portion of the bending portion is
An endoscope characterized in that the distance is from the most distal end side to the rearmost end side of a rivet that rotatably connects a plurality of node rings constituting a bending portion.
[0150]
15. In Supplementary Note 10, one of the small diameter portions of the outer tube is disposed in the vicinity of the uncurved end portion of the curved portion, and the other is disposed in the narrow portion where the space formed by the adjacent node rings is disposed in the curved portion. Features an endoscope.
16. The endoscope according to appendix 15, wherein the side where the space formed by adjacent node rings is narrow is formed on the operation portion side of the bending portion.
[0151]
(Operation of Appendix 16)
The small-diameter portion of the outer tube is sandwiched between the spaces between the node rings, and serves as a rotational resistance of the adjacent node ring at this position.
As a result, the bending portion is driven from a portion where the rotational resistance between the node rings is small, so that the bending shape becomes compact and the observation performance is further improved without deteriorating the bending performance.
[0152]
17. The endoscope according to Supplementary Note 10, wherein the outer tube is pulled and assembled so that the small inner diameter portion is positioned at a position where the outer tube does not bend in the vicinity of both ends of the bending portion of the endoscope.
(Background to Appendix 10-17)
(Conventional technology)
In a curved portion formed by connecting a plurality of ring-shaped node rings rotatably and fitting the outer periphery with a knitting wire such as a metal or a polymer material,
In order to improve the adhesiveness of the fixing portion of the envelope tube formed of rubber or elastomer, which covers the curved portion, to the endoscope and not to deteriorate the bending performance, the inner diameters at both ends of the envelope tube Is formed smaller than the inner diameter of the midway portion, and the small inner diameter portion of the outer tube is disposed in a portion where the bending portion does not bend.
[0153]
(Task)
In the conventional example, as shown in FIG. 33B, the inner diameter of both end portions A and C of the outer tube 53 is made smaller than the inner diameter of the midway portion B, as shown in FIG. The mold must be divided into a first mold 71, a second mold 72, a third mold 73, and a core 74.
When the outer tube 53 is taken out of the mold 71, the second mold 72, the third mold 73, and the core 74, the inner shape of the outer tube 53 is formed as shown in FIG. When the core 74 is removed, stress is applied mainly in the longitudinal direction of the outer tube as shown in FIG.
[0154]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 37, the distance B ′ between the small inner diameter portions at both ends of the outer tube 53 is the distance between the first attachment portion 66 and the second attachment portion 68 of the bending portion 21 shown in FIG. It becomes longer than the interval b.
Thereby, the first throttle part 65 and the second throttle part 67 of the outer tube 53 are not positioned on the first attachment part 66 and the second attachment part 68 at both ends of the bending part 21 of the endoscope, Adhesion at this site may be reduced and airtightness may not be maintained.
[0155]
(Purpose of Supplementary Notes 10-17)
In an outer tube in which the inner diameters of both ends are formed smaller than the outer diameter of the scope, the adhesion performance of the fixing portion between the outer tube and the endoscope is improved without impairing the bending performance of the endoscope.
(Operations of Supplementary Notes 10-15 and 17)
Since the distance between the small inner diameter portions formed at both ends of the outer tube is shorter than the length of the curved portion of the bending portion, it is ensured that the outer tube is reliably displaced even when the outer tube has a large dimensional deviation due to the tensile force during molding. The small inner diameter portion of the tube can be arranged at a desired fixed position of the endoscope.
[0156]
Since one of the small inner diameter parts of the outer tube is arranged on the side where the space between adjacent nodal rings is narrow, even if the outer tube is sandwiched between the nodal rings, the amount of the outer tube that is pinched The space between the rings is smaller than that of the wider space, and the influence on the bending performance of the endoscope can be reduced.
[0157]
(Effects of Supplementary Notes 10-17)
The effect of improving the bending performance by solving the problem of lowering the adhesion of the attachment part to the bending part due to the variation in the total length when forming the outer tube in the prior art, making it easy to manufacture the outer tube forming mold There is.
[0158]
18. In a nozzle mold for producing a nozzle having an elbow-shaped hollow portion from two different directions inside by jetting liquid or gas to the objective lens of the endoscope and cleaning the lens surface. ,
The nozzle mold is provided with an abutting portion where the mating surfaces of the mold parts that form the elbow-shaped hollow portion by abutting each other are abutted at two or more surfaces. Type.
[0159]
19. In Supplementary Note 18, the elbow-shaped hollow portion is substantially parallel to the axis connecting the axial hole serving as the axial direction of the insertion portion of the endoscope and the nozzle opening provided on the distal end surface of the endoscope distal end portion and the objective lens. A nozzle mold comprising a radial hole having a shaft.
20. The nozzle mold according to claim 19, wherein the mold part includes a core pin that forms an axial hole and a slide that forms a radial hole, and the contact portion includes both of them.
[0160]
21. In Supplementary Note 20, the abutting portion with which the slide and the core pin abut is composed of two surfaces, ie, a tip surface and a side surface which are flat surfaces of the slide tip portion formed as a square cross section, and two planes facing the two surfaces provided on the core pin. A nozzle mold characterized by having a stepped portion.
22. The nozzle mold according to appendix 21, wherein the stepped portion includes a flat portion that contacts the tip surface and a step that contacts the side surface portion.
[0161]
23. The nozzle die according to appendix 20, wherein the core pin has a columnar shape and the slide has a plate shape.
24. In Supplementary Note 21, the flat portion of the core pin is provided on the cylindrical core pin that comes into contact so as to form a circular chord in cross section, and the step portion of the core pin forms a right angle or an obtuse angle with respect to the flat portion, The nozzle mold is characterized in that the angle formed between the leading end surface and the side surface is the same as the angle formed between the stepped portion and the flat portion.
[0162]
25. The nozzle mold according to appendix 18, wherein the hollow angle in the two directions of the elbow-shaped hollow portion is an acute angle or a right angle.
26. 32. The nozzle mold according to claim 21, wherein the tip and the side surface which are the abutment portion are tangent to a circle which is the radial cross-sectional shape of the core pin in the radial cross-section of the core pin.
[0163]
27. The nozzle mold according to appendix 21, wherein opposing side surfaces of the slide other than the side surface in contact with the stepped portion are tangent to a circle having a radial cross-sectional shape in a core pin radial cross-section.
28. The nozzle mold according to appendix 20, wherein a curved surface portion made of an R chamfer is provided in a portion other than the contact portion of the edge portion of the tip surface of the core pin.
[0164]
29. Supplementary note 28 that the chamfering amount gradually decreases as it goes in the direction perpendicular to the cross section in the direction of the central axis axis that is the sliding direction of the core pin, and is a round chamfer that sequentially changes to 0 in the plane portion. Characteristic nozzle mold.
30. Additional remark 28: R chamfering that gradually changes so that the chamfering amount gradually decreases along the rotational direction around the central axis and becomes 0 at the flat surface portion in the central axis axial section that is the sliding direction of the core pin. There is a die for a nozzle.
31. 32. The nozzle mold according to appendix 29, wherein an R chamfer is 0 in the flat portion.
[0165]
(Background to Appendix 18-31)
(Conventional technology)
As a nozzle for cleaning the lens surface for supplying air and water to the objective lens surface, conventionally, a nozzle formed by bending a metal pipe as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-20246 is known. ing.
[0166]
However, the metal nozzle needs to be extrapolated with an insulator as a separate member in order to be electrically insulated, which has a demerit that increases in cost. Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-113501 discloses a nozzle formed of resin.
[0167]
Further, a nozzle formed by cutting so that the inside becomes an elbow-shaped pipe from two different angles as shown in JP-A-8-173369 is also known as a conventional nozzle. .
[0168]
However, there is a demerit that increases the cost even in the case of cutting, so that it is cheaper to produce by molding with an electrical insulating member such as Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-113501. Can do.
[0169]
(Task)
When trying to mold with resin, there are problems such as nozzle dimensional accuracy and burrs.
[0170]
When a step such as a burr occurs inside the nozzle, the liquid remains inside the nozzle due to the step, and the nozzle itself may become clogged. The water droplets remaining on the step may be ejected from the nozzle and deposited on the lens surface, causing problems in the inspection.
In order to solve this problem, it is desired to mold the nozzle with high accuracy, but at this time, there arises a problem that must be solved on the mold surface.
[0171]
As described above, the nozzle is a minute part, and naturally, the core pin, the slide, and the like constituting the mold are also minute and thin. The smaller the mold parts such as slides are, the thinner they are, the more likely they are subjected to loads such as tilting on the resin flow during molding, resulting in gaps between the molds and the occurrence of Paris. Become.
[0172]
However, in order to give the mold strength, the slides and core pins cannot be made thick and large. In other words, how to give strength within the size limit is a problem.
[0173]
(Purpose of Supplementary Notes 18-31)
It is an object of the present invention to provide a nozzle mold that is unlikely to generate a step such as a burr inside a nozzle and that can manufacture a nozzle having a predetermined shape with high accuracy.
[0174]
(Means and actions for solving the problems)
There are two different directions of elbow-shaped pipes inside, and the nozzle mold for producing the nozzle having the elbow-shaped pipes by molding is the mold between the two directions (core pin, slide) at the time of molding. The shape is formed by abutting, but by providing the abutment surface with which the molds abut on each other in two surfaces, the mold can be given strength, and at the time of molding Due to the resin pressure, it is difficult for the mold to be raised, and there is an effect that it is difficult to generate a gap or the like where burrs are generated between the molds.
[0175]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, according to the present invention, even when the endoscope is sterilized with a gas sterilant or the like, the hydrophilic processing part is not altered by the gas sterilant and the observation performance can be maintained for a long time. Has an effect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an electronic endoscope apparatus including a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an external view of the electronic endoscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a tip configuration portion of an electronic endoscope.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a tip configuration portion.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an observation optical system.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view showing a part near the first lens and the second lens of the observation optical system in an enlarged manner.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing a first lens on which a hydrophilic coating layer is formed.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration in the vicinity of an observation optical system in a modification of the first embodiment.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view showing a part of a first lens on which a hydrophilic coating layer is formed according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a first lens on which a hydrophilic coating layer is formed according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an observation optical system.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure in the vicinity of a bending portion according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for showing the length of an outer tube.
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the action of bending according to the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure in the vicinity of a bending portion according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, with an outer tube removed.
FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of the action of bending according to the fifth embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing an outer tube according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is an external view of an electronic endoscope according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 19A and 19B are a front view and a cross-sectional view of a tip configuration portion of an electronic endoscope.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a detailed structure of a nozzle.
FIG. 21 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a nozzle.
FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing a mold for molding a nozzle.
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a mold.
FIG. 24 is an operation explanatory view for forming a nozzle with a mold.
FIG. 25 is a view showing a mold according to a modification of the seventh embodiment.
FIG. 26 is a perspective view showing a mold according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 27 is an explanatory view showing a detailed shape of chamfering.
FIG. 28 is a view showing a detailed structure of a nozzle according to an eighth embodiment or the like.
FIG. 29 is a sectional view showing a mold according to a modification of the eighth embodiment.
FIG. 30 is a sectional view showing a mold according to a modification of the eighth embodiment.
FIG. 31 is a view showing a nozzle according to a modification of the eighth embodiment.
32 is a view showing a part of the tip configuration portion to which the nozzle of FIG. 31 is attached.
FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a structure of a bending portion of a conventional example.
FIG. 34 is a view showing a conventional outer tube forming mold.
FIG. 35 is a diagram showing the way of separating the mold from the state of FIG. 34;
FIG. 36 is a view showing how the core is further removed.
FIG. 37 is a view showing an outer tube from which a core is removed.
FIG. 38 is a perspective view showing a conventional mold.
FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional mold.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Electronic endoscope device
2 ... Electronic endoscope
3. Light source device
4 ... Video processor
5. Color monitor
11 ... Insertion part
20 ... tip component
21 ... curved portion
22 ... Flexible tube
31 ... Illumination optical system
32. Observation optical system
35 ... tip component body
36 ... Tip cover
39 ... Solid-state image sensor
41 ... 1st lens
42 ... Second lens
43 ... first lens frame
45 ... Second lens frame
49 ... O-ring
55 ... Airtight filler
56 ... Sealed space
58 ... hydrophilic coating layer

Claims (3)

In an endoscope constituted by a plurality of optical elements and subjected to a hydrophilic treatment for obtaining affinity for water on at least a surface not exposed to the outside of the optical element,
The optical element whose front surface is exposed to the outside and the next optical element are fitted into the fitting portion of the optical element fixing frame, and the side outer peripheral surface of both optical elements and the inner peripheral surface of the optical element fixing frame An airtight filler is filled and fixed in the middle between the space portions where the optical elements face each other as an airtight space,
The refractive index of the optical element that is the base material is substantially the same as the refractive index of the optical element that is the base material only in the field of view through which the observation light beam passes, with respect to the optical element surface that faces the optical element that is exposed to the outside in the airtight space. An endoscope comprising a hydrophilic coating layer synthesized as described above .   A pre-coating layer formed of a coating agent having a component having a high affinity with the hydrophilic coating layer provided on the optical element is previously provided on the surface on which the hydrophilic coating layer is provided, of both optical element surfaces facing the airtight space. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the endoscope is formed and a hydrophilic coating layer is provided on the precoat layer.   The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the precoat layer is a coating agent that prevents irregular reflection of light at an interface with the optical element.

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