JP3899834B2 - Method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol - Google Patents

Method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol Download PDF

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JP3899834B2
JP3899834B2 JP2001089306A JP2001089306A JP3899834B2 JP 3899834 B2 JP3899834 B2 JP 3899834B2 JP 2001089306 A JP2001089306 A JP 2001089306A JP 2001089306 A JP2001089306 A JP 2001089306A JP 3899834 B2 JP3899834 B2 JP 3899834B2
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pyridyl
ethanethiol
acid
reaction
solution
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JP2002220373A (en
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英人 林
功一 早志
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Priority to AU2001292255A priority patent/AU2001292255A1/en
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Priority to PCT/JP2001/008391 priority patent/WO2002042274A1/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、4−ビニルピリジン及びチオ尿素とから2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールを製造する方法の改良に関するものである。2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールは、医薬や農薬等の合成中間体として有用な化合物であり、またフェノールとアセトンとの縮合によりビスフェノールAを製造する際の触媒の変性剤としても有用な化合物である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ピリジルアルキルチオール類の合成については従来から多くの報文が公表されているが、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの合成に関してはジャーナル・オブ・オーガニック・ケミストリー(J.Org.Chem.)26,82(1961)に記載されている、エタノール溶媒中でパラトルエンスルホン酸の存在下に4−ビニルピリジンとチオ尿素とを反応させてイソチウロニウム塩を生成させ、次いでこれをアンモニア水中で2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールに転化させる方法が実用的であると考えられており、この方法の改良が進められている(特開平11−228540号公報及び特開平11−255748号公報参照)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の4−ビニルピリジンとチオ尿素とをエタノール中で反応させる方法の問題点の一つは、反応中に生成したイソチウロニウム塩が析出して反応液がスラリー状となるため、反応装置に強力な撹拌手段を設ける必要があることである。また他の問題点は反応液から固液分離によりイソチウロニウム塩を回収し、洗浄及び乾燥してから次工程であるアンモニア水による2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールへの転化を行わなければならず、操作が煩雑で、かつ長時間を要することである。更に、反応溶媒としてエタノール等のアルコール系の有機溶剤を用いるため、多量の有機廃棄物が発生し、環境に対する負荷も大きい。
【0004】
従って本発明はこのような問題のない2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法を提供しようとするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らはこの反応の中間体であるイソチウロニウム塩が水溶性であることに着目し、水性媒体中で4−ビニルピリジンとチオ尿素とを反応させたところ、途中でイソチクロニウム塩を単離・精製することなく、しかもエタノール中で反応させた場合と同等の収率で、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールを製造し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0006】
すなわち本発明によれば、酸を含有している水性媒体中で4−ビニルピリジンとチオ尿素を反応させてイソチウロニウム塩を含む溶液を生成させ、次いでこの溶液をアルカリ性にしてイソチウロニウム塩を2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールに転化させることにより、簡単な操作で且つ収率よく2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールを製造することができる。また、反応媒体が水性媒体を用いているため有機廃棄物も少なくできる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明では、水性媒体中で、酸の存在下に、4−ビニルピリジンとチオ尿素とを反応させてイソチウロニウム塩を生成させる。反応は下記のように進行する。
【0008】
【化1】

Figure 0003899834
【0009】
酸としてはパラトルエンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸などの有機酸や、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸などの一般的な無機酸を用いればよい。好ましくは取り扱いの容易なパラトルエンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸などの芳香族スルホン酸や硫酸を用いる。中でもパラトルエンスルホン酸又は硫酸を用いるのが好ましい。
【0010】
酸は4−ビニルピリジンに対し上記式で示される化学量論量以上となるように用いるが、大過剰に用いると副反応を起す可能性があるので、4−ビニルピリジンに対し4当量以下、特に3当量以下となるように用いるのが好ましい。なお、水性媒体中における酸の濃度は、反応操作の容易性が損われない限度で高い方が好ましく、パラトルエンスルホン酸であれば5〜50重量%、特に20〜40重量%程度が好ましい。
【0011】
また、チオ尿素は化学量論量ないしこれより若干過剰に用いるが、通常は4−ビニルピリジンに対して1.5当量以下、特に1.3当量以下が好ましい。
反応は水性媒体中に酸とチオ尿素を加えて溶解させたのち、撹拌下に4−ビニルピリジンを滴下して実施すればよく、好ましくは窒素などの不活性ガス雰囲気下、30〜100℃、特に50〜100℃の加温条件下で1〜10時間程度行えばよい。
【0012】
イソチウロニウム塩の生成反応が完了したならば、反応液を50℃以下に冷却し、これにアルカリを加えて液性をアルカリ性とし、イソチウロニウム塩を2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールに転化させる。アルカリとしては水酸化ナトリウムなどを用いることもできるが、アンモニアを用いるのが好ましい。アンモニアを用いると反応は下記のように進行する。
【0013】
【化2】
Figure 0003899834
【0014】
アンモニアの所要量はイソチウロニウム塩に対して化学量論上は2倍モルであるが反応を十分に進行させるにはアンモニアを過剰に、通常はイソチウロニウム塩の3倍モル以上用いるのが好ましい。なお、イソチウロニウム塩溶液中には前工程で過剰に用いた酸も存在しているので、過剰に用いた酸を中和するのに要する量に加えて、原料として用いた4−ビニルピリジンの3〜15倍モル、特に3〜5倍モルのアンモニアを用いるのが好ましい。アンモニアの使用量が多過ぎると一般に収率が低下するが、これは生成した2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールが副反応を起すためと思われる。なお、アンモニアは通常は取扱いの容易なアンモニア水として用いるが、その濃度は後続する濾過及び抽出工程での操作性を考慮して決定すればよい。
【0015】
イソチウロニウム塩から2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールへの転化反応は、撹拌下30〜70℃で0.5〜10時間程度で完了する。しかし、アルカリ添加時の液温が高いと副反応が起きて収率が低下する傾向があるので、アルカリ添加に際しては液温を50℃未満に保持するのが好ましい。ただし液温が低いと転化反応速度は遅くなる。収率の低下を避け、かつ転化反応を促進するには、少なくとも中和点に達するまでは液温を50℃未満に保持し、次いで50℃以上に昇温するのが好ましい。
反応終了後は、酸として芳香族スルホン酸を用いた場合は、反応生成液を10℃程度まで冷却して、副生したグアニジニウム塩を析出させ、更にクロロホルム等の抽出溶媒を加えて濾過し、不溶物を除去する。濾滓はさらに抽出溶媒で洗浄し、洗浄液は濾液と合体させる。次いで濾液を分液し、抽出溶媒相を回収する。酸として硫酸等の無機酸を用いた場合は冷却によってグアニジウム塩は析出しないので、この場合は濾過を省略して、直接有機溶媒による抽出操作を行えばよい。
【0016】
どちらの場合も、水相は更に抽出溶媒で抽出し、得られた抽出溶媒相を先に得られた抽出溶媒相と合体する。これから抽出溶媒を留去したのち残液を減圧蒸留すると、目的とする2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールを得ることができる。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下に実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例によって限定されるものではない。
<実施例1>
温度計、ジムロート冷却管及び滴下漏斗を備えた内容積100mlの四つ口フラスコに、パラトルエンスルホン酸−水和物(キシダ化学製)15.76g(0.0828モル)、チオ尿素(和光純薬製)3.00g(0.0395モル)及び水30mlを仕込んで溶解させた。窒素雰囲気下で70℃まで加熱し、この温度を維持しながら4−ビニルピリジン(東京化成製)4.13g(0.0392モル)を約30分間かけて滴下した。引続き80℃まで昇温させ、この温度で3時間反応させた。
【0018】
反応終了後、反応生成液を20℃まで冷却した。固体は析出しなかった。この反応生成液に、28%アンモニア水12.41g(アンモニアとして0.229モル)を発熱に注意しながら約30分間かけて滴下した。次いで60℃まで昇温させ、この温度で1時間反応させた。5℃まで冷却してクロロホルム10mlを加え、濾過して固体を除去した。濾液を分液し、水相にクロロホルム10mlを加えて抽出する操作を4回反復した。全てのクロロホルム相を一緒にし、その一部をガスクロマトグラフを用いて分析したところ、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの収量が4.42g(0.0317モル)であることが判明した。この時の4−ビニルピリジンに対する収率は80.9%であった。このクロロホルム溶液から、減圧下クロロホルムを留去したのち、残液を減圧蒸留した。沸点87〜88℃/2.2mmHgで2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオール3.84g(0.0275モル)が得られた。4−ビニルピリジンに対する収率は70.3%であった。
<実施例2>
温度計、ジムロート冷却管及び滴下漏斗を備えた内容積200mlの四つ口フラスコに、チオ尿素6.00g(0.0789モル)及び水19.2mlを仕込んだ。窒素雰囲気下で内温を室温に保ちながら攪拌下で95%硫酸17.1gを約30分間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、60℃まで加熱し、この温度を維持しながら4−ビニルピリジン8.38g(0.0789モル)を発熱に注意しながら約30分間で滴下し、引続き60℃で3時間反応させた。
【0019】
反応終了後、反応生成液を20℃まで冷却し、1時間保持した。この反応生成液に、14%アンモニア水48.0g(アンモニアとして0.395モル)を発熱に注意しながら添加した。滴下終了後、反応液を60℃まで昇温し、1時間反応させた。所定時間反応後、室温まで放冷したところ、反応液は2層に分離した(上層:2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオール、下層:水)が、結晶は見られなかった。この液を分液して上層を採取し、更に水層をトルエン各20gで3回抽出を行った。得られた抽出液と上層液とを合わせた溶液をガスクロマトグラフにより分析したところ、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの収量は8.74g(0.0628モル)であった。4−ビニルピリジンに対する収率は79.6%であった。
【0020】
実施例3
実施例1と全く同様にして、パラトルエンスルホン酸を含む水溶液中でチオ尿素と4−ビニルピリジンとを反応させた。反応生成液を40℃に冷却したのち、液温を40〜42℃に保持しながらこれに28%アンモニア水12.41g(アンモニアとして0.229モル)を30分間かけて滴下し、次いで60℃に昇温してこの温度で1時間反応させた。以後は実施例1と全く同様にしてクロロホルムで抽出し、得られたクロロホルム相を分析したところ、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの収量は4.32g(0.0310モル)で、4−ビニルピリジンに対する収率は79.1%であった。
【0021】
実施例4
実施例1と全く同様にして、パラトルエンスルホン酸を含む水溶液中でチオ尿素と4−ビニルピリジンとを反応させた。この反応生成液を60℃に冷却したのち、液温を60〜63℃に保持しながらこれに28%アンモニア水12.41g(アンモニアとして0.229モル)を30分間かけて滴下し、更にこの温度で1時間反応させた。以後は実施例1と全く同様にしてクロロホルムで抽出し、得られたクロロホルム相を分析したところ、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの収量は2.69g(0.0193モル)で、4−ビニルピリジンに対する収率は49.3%であった。
<比較例1>
J.Org.Chem.,26,82(1961)の記載に準じて、4−ビニルピリジンとチオ尿素とから2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールを製造した。
【0022】
温度計、ジムロート冷却管及び滴下漏斗を備えた内容積200mlの四つ口フラスコに、パラトルエンスルホン酸−水和物20.9g(0.11モル)、チオ尿素3.8g(0.05モル)及びエタノール50mlを仕込んだ。窒素雰囲気下、撹拌しながら昇温してパラトルエンスルホン酸及びチオ尿素を溶解させた。引続き70℃まで昇温させ、この温度を維持しながら4−ビニルピリジン5.25g(0.05モル)を約30分間かけて滴下した。還流下に3時間反応させたのち反応生成液を5℃まで冷却した。濾過して生成したイソチウロニウム塩を回収し、室温のエーテル30mlで洗浄し、更にエーテル/エタノール混合液(1:1)60mlで洗浄したのち、減圧乾燥した。イソチウロニウム塩の収量は23.5g(0.045モル)で、収率89.6%であった。
【0023】
25%アンモニア水12.2g(アンモニアとして0.179モル)と水18.3mlの混合溶液に上記のイソチウロニウム塩を加えて溶解し、60℃で30分間反応させた。冷却したのちクロロホルム12.1mlを加え、濾過して固体を除去した。濾液を分液し、水相にクロロホルム10mlを加えて抽出する操作を8回反復した。全てのクロロホルム相を一緒にし、減圧下にクロロホルムを留去したのち、残液を減圧蒸留した。沸点87−88℃/2.2mmHgで2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオール4.5g(0.032モル)が得られた。4−ビニルピリジンに対する収率は64%であり、文献記載の64.8%とほぼ一致していた。
<比較例2>
温度計、ジムロート冷却管及び滴下漏斗を備えた内容積500mlの四つ口フラスコに、パラトルエンスルホン酸−水和物119.8g(0.63モル)、チオ尿素22.8g(0.30モル)及び2−プロパノール336mlを仕込んだ。窒素雰囲気下、撹拌しながら70℃に昇温して、4−ビニルピリジン31.5g(0.30モル)を発熱に注意しながら約30分間かけて滴下した。滴下中に反応液中に結晶が生成した。滴下終了後、還流下に3時間反応させたのち反応生成液を5℃まで冷却した。析出したイソチウロニウム塩を濾過して回収し、2−プロパノール各65mlを用いて2回洗浄を行い、過剰のパラトルエンスルホン酸を除去した。得られた塩は減圧乾燥して、148.6g(0.283モル)のイソチウロニウム塩を得た。収率は94.2%であった。
【0024】
このイソチウロニウム塩34.7g(0.066モル)を、28%アンモニア水22.31g(アンモニアとして0.367モル)と水33.7mlの混合液に溶解し、60℃で1時間反応させた。冷却した後、トルエン20mlを加え、濾過して生成塩を分離除去した。2層になった濾液を分液し、水相をトルエン各20mlで5回抽出を繰り返した。全てのトルエン相を一緒にし、この溶液をガスクロマトグラフで分析したところ、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの収量は7.51g(0.054モル)であった。4−ビニルピリジンに対する収率は76.9%となった。
<結果の評価>
上記の実施例と比較例を対比することにより、以下の諸点が判明する。
(1)比較例においてはイソチウロニウム塩が析出するため、その分離や洗浄の操作が必要であるが、実施例では溶解した状態で、そのまま次の分解工程へ進むことができる。
(2)比較例においてはエタノールやイソプロパノールが反応媒体として用いられるため、反応後にはこれらが有機廃棄物となるが、実施例では水系での反応となり、有機廃棄物とはならない。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、操作が簡便で、かつ有機性の廃棄物発生量の少ない、2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法が提供される。特にイソチウロニウム塩を含む溶液にアルカリを添加してイソチウロニウム塩を2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールに転換する際に、アルカリの添加を低温で行うことにより、副反応を抑制して高収率で2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールを生成させることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement in a method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol from 4-vinylpyridine and thiourea. 2- (4-Pyridyl) ethanethiol is a compound that is useful as a synthetic intermediate for pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and the like, and is also a useful compound as a catalyst modifier in the production of bisphenol A by condensation of phenol and acetone. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Although many reports have been published on the synthesis of pyridylalkylthiols, Journal of Organic Chemistry (J. Org. Chem.) 26 has been published on the synthesis of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol. , 82 (1961), reacting 4-vinylpyridine with thiourea in the presence of paratoluenesulfonic acid in an ethanol solvent to form an isothiuronium salt, which is then treated with 2- ( A method of converting to 4-pyridyl) ethanethiol is considered to be practical, and improvement of this method is underway (see JP-A-11-228540 and JP-A-11-255748).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
One of the problems of the above-mentioned method of reacting 4-vinylpyridine and thiourea in ethanol is that the isothiuronium salt produced during the reaction is precipitated and the reaction solution becomes a slurry, which is powerful in the reactor. It is necessary to provide a stirring means. Another problem is that the isothiuronium salt is recovered from the reaction solution by solid-liquid separation, washed and dried, and then converted to 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol with ammonia water, which is the next step. The operation is complicated and requires a long time. Furthermore, since an alcohol-based organic solvent such as ethanol is used as a reaction solvent, a large amount of organic waste is generated and the burden on the environment is large.
[0004]
Accordingly, the present invention is intended to provide a method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol without such problems.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors paid attention to the fact that the isothiuronium salt, which is an intermediate of this reaction, is water-soluble, and reacted 4-vinylpyridine and thiourea in an aqueous medium. It has been found that 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol can be produced in a yield equivalent to the case of reaction in ethanol without separation and purification, and the present invention has been completed.
[0006]
That is, according to the present invention, 4-vinylpyridine and thiourea are reacted in an aqueous medium containing an acid to form a solution containing an isothiuronium salt, and then the solution is made alkaline to make the isothiuronium salt 2- ( By converting to 4-pyridyl) ethanethiol, 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol can be produced in a simple operation and with good yield. Moreover, since the reaction medium uses an aqueous medium, organic waste can be reduced.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, 4-vinylpyridine and thiourea are reacted in an aqueous medium in the presence of an acid to form an isothiuronium salt. The reaction proceeds as follows.
[0008]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003899834
[0009]
As the acid, organic acids such as paratoluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and general inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid may be used. Preferably, aromatic sulfonic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid which are easy to handle are used. Of these, paratoluenesulfonic acid or sulfuric acid is preferably used.
[0010]
The acid is used so as to be at least the stoichiometric amount represented by the above formula with respect to 4-vinylpyridine, but if used in a large excess, it may cause a side reaction, so 4 equivalents or less with respect to 4-vinylpyridine, In particular, it is preferably used so as to be 3 equivalents or less. The acid concentration in the aqueous medium is preferably as high as possible so as not to impair the ease of reaction operation. In the case of paratoluenesulfonic acid, it is preferably about 5 to 50% by weight, particularly about 20 to 40% by weight.
[0011]
Further, thiourea is used in a stoichiometric amount or slightly in excess of this amount, but usually 1.5 equivalents or less, particularly 1.3 equivalents or less is preferred with respect to 4-vinylpyridine.
The reaction may be carried out by adding acid and thiourea in an aqueous medium and then dissolving 4-vinylpyridine dropwise with stirring. Preferably, the reaction is performed at 30 to 100 ° C. under an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen. What is necessary is just to carry out about 1 to 10 hours especially on 50-100 degreeC heating conditions.
[0012]
When the formation reaction of the isothiuronium salt is completed, the reaction solution is cooled to 50 ° C. or lower, and an alkali is added thereto to make the solution alkaline, thereby converting the isothiuronium salt into 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol. Sodium hydroxide or the like can be used as the alkali, but ammonia is preferably used. When ammonia is used, the reaction proceeds as follows.
[0013]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003899834
[0014]
Although the required amount of ammonia is 2 times the stoichiometric amount with respect to the isothiuronium salt, it is preferable to use an excess of ammonia in order to allow the reaction to proceed sufficiently, usually 3 times the amount of the isothiuronium salt. In addition, in the isothiuronium salt solution, the acid used excessively in the previous step is also present. Therefore, in addition to the amount required to neutralize the excessively used acid, 3 of 4-vinylpyridine used as a raw material is used. It is preferable to use ˜15 times mol, particularly 3 to 5 times mol of ammonia. If the amount of ammonia used is too large, the yield generally decreases, but this seems to be because the produced 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol causes a side reaction. Ammonia is usually used as ammonia water that is easy to handle, but its concentration may be determined in consideration of operability in subsequent filtration and extraction steps.
[0015]
The conversion reaction from the isothiuronium salt to 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol is completed in about 0.5 to 10 hours at 30 to 70 ° C. with stirring. However, if the liquid temperature at the time of alkali addition is high, side reaction occurs and the yield tends to decrease. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the liquid temperature below 50 ° C. during the addition of alkali. However, when the liquid temperature is low, the conversion reaction rate becomes slow. In order to avoid a decrease in yield and promote the conversion reaction, it is preferable to keep the liquid temperature below 50 ° C. until the neutralization point is reached, and then raise the temperature to 50 ° C. or higher.
After completion of the reaction, when aromatic sulfonic acid is used as the acid, the reaction product solution is cooled to about 10 ° C. to precipitate a by-produced guanidinium salt, and further filtered with an extraction solvent such as chloroform, Remove insolubles. The filter cake is further washed with an extraction solvent, and the washing solution is combined with the filtrate. The filtrate is then separated and the extraction solvent phase is recovered. When an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid is used as the acid, the guanidinium salt does not precipitate by cooling, so in this case, the filtration operation may be omitted and the extraction operation directly with an organic solvent may be performed.
[0016]
In either case, the aqueous phase is further extracted with an extraction solvent, and the resulting extraction solvent phase is combined with the previously obtained extraction solvent phase. From this, after distilling off the extraction solvent, the residue is distilled under reduced pressure to obtain the desired 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol.
[0017]
【Example】
Examples The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.
<Example 1>
In a 100 ml four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a Dimroth condenser and a dropping funnel, 15.76 g (0.0828 mol) of paratoluenesulfonic acid-hydrate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical), thiourea (Wako Pure) (Pharmaceutical) 3.00 g (0.0395 mol) and 30 ml of water were charged and dissolved. The mixture was heated to 70 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, and 4.13 g (0.0392 mol) of 4-vinylpyridine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) was added dropwise over about 30 minutes while maintaining this temperature. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 3 hours.
[0018]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction product solution was cooled to 20 ° C. Solid did not precipitate. To this reaction product solution, 12.41 g of 28% aqueous ammonia (0.229 mol as ammonia) was added dropwise over about 30 minutes while paying attention to heat generation. Next, the temperature was raised to 60 ° C., and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour. After cooling to 5 ° C., 10 ml of chloroform was added, and the solid was removed by filtration. The operation of separating the filtrate and extracting the aqueous phase by adding 10 ml of chloroform was repeated 4 times. All chloroform phases were combined and a portion thereof was analyzed using a gas chromatograph. The yield of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was found to be 4.42 g (0.0317 mol). The yield based on 4-vinylpyridine at this time was 80.9%. After the chloroform was distilled off from the chloroform solution under reduced pressure, the remaining liquid was distilled under reduced pressure. With a boiling point of 87-88 ° C./2.2 mmHg, 3.84 g (0.0275 mol) of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was obtained. The yield based on 4-vinylpyridine was 70.3%.
<Example 2>
To a 200 ml four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a Dimroth condenser and a dropping funnel, 6.00 g (0.0789 mol) of thiourea and 19.2 ml of water were charged. While maintaining the internal temperature at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, 17.1 g of 95% sulfuric acid was added dropwise over about 30 minutes with stirring. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was heated to 60 ° C, and while maintaining this temperature, 8.38 g (0.0789 mol) of 4-vinylpyridine was added dropwise over about 30 minutes while paying attention to heat generation, followed by reaction at 60 ° C for 3 hours. It was.
[0019]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction product solution was cooled to 20 ° C. and held for 1 hour. To this reaction product, 48.0 g of 14% aqueous ammonia (0.395 mol as ammonia) was added while paying attention to heat generation. After completion of dropping, the reaction solution was heated to 60 ° C. and reacted for 1 hour. When the reaction solution was allowed to cool to room temperature after the reaction for a predetermined time, the reaction solution was separated into two layers (upper layer: 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol, lower layer: water), but no crystals were observed. The liquid was separated and the upper layer was collected, and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with 20 g of toluene. When the solution obtained by combining the obtained extract and the upper layer solution was analyzed by gas chromatography, the yield of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was 8.74 g (0.0628 mol). The yield based on 4-vinylpyridine was 79.6%.
[0020]
Example 3
In exactly the same manner as in Example 1, thiourea and 4-vinylpyridine were reacted in an aqueous solution containing paratoluenesulfonic acid. After cooling the reaction product liquid to 40 ° C., 12.41 g of 28% aqueous ammonia (0.229 mol as ammonia) was added dropwise over 30 minutes while maintaining the liquid temperature at 40 to 42 ° C., and then 60 ° C. The temperature was raised to 1, and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, extraction with chloroform was conducted in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, and the obtained chloroform phase was analyzed. As a result, the yield of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was 4.32 g (0.0310 mol). The yield based on vinylpyridine was 79.1%.
[0021]
Example 4
In exactly the same manner as in Example 1, thiourea and 4-vinylpyridine were reacted in an aqueous solution containing paratoluenesulfonic acid. After cooling this reaction product liquid to 60 ° C., while maintaining the liquid temperature at 60 to 63 ° C., 12.41 g of 28% aqueous ammonia (0.229 mol as ammonia) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The reaction was carried out at temperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, extraction with chloroform was conducted in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, and the obtained chloroform phase was analyzed. As a result, the yield of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was 2.69 g (0.0193 mol). The yield based on vinylpyridine was 49.3%.
<Comparative Example 1>
J. et al. Org. Chem. , 26, 82 (1961), 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was produced from 4-vinylpyridine and thiourea.
[0022]
In a four-necked flask with an internal volume of 200 ml equipped with a thermometer, a Dimroth condenser and a dropping funnel, 20.9 g (0.11 mol) of paratoluenesulfonic acid-hydrate and 3.8 g (0.05 mol) of thiourea ) And 50 ml of ethanol. The temperature was raised with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere to dissolve para-toluenesulfonic acid and thiourea. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C., and 5.25 g (0.05 mol) of 4-vinylpyridine was added dropwise over about 30 minutes while maintaining this temperature. After reacting for 3 hours under reflux, the reaction product solution was cooled to 5 ° C. The isothiuronium salt produced by filtration was collected, washed with 30 ml of ether at room temperature, further washed with 60 ml of an ether / ethanol mixture (1: 1), and then dried under reduced pressure. The yield of isothiuronium salt was 23.5 g (0.045 mol), and the yield was 89.6%.
[0023]
The above isothiuronium salt was dissolved in a mixed solution of 12.2 g of 25% aqueous ammonia (0.179 mol as ammonia) and 18.3 ml of water, and reacted at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling, 12.1 ml of chloroform was added and the solid was removed by filtration. The operation of separating the filtrate and extracting the aqueous phase by adding 10 ml of chloroform was repeated 8 times. All the chloroform phases were combined, chloroform was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was distilled under reduced pressure. 4.5 g (0.032 mol) of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was obtained at a boiling point of 87-88 ° C./2.2 mmHg. The yield based on 4-vinylpyridine was 64%, which almost coincided with 64.8% described in the literature.
<Comparative example 2>
Into a 500 ml four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a Dimroth condenser and a dropping funnel, 119.8 g (0.63 mol) of paratoluenesulfonic acid-hydrate and 22.8 g (0.30 mol) of thiourea were added. ) And 336 ml of 2-propanol. The temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere, and 31.5 g (0.30 mol) of 4-vinylpyridine was added dropwise over about 30 minutes while paying attention to heat generation. Crystals formed in the reaction solution during the dropwise addition. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction product was cooled to 5 ° C. after reacting for 3 hours under reflux. The precipitated isothiuronium salt was collected by filtration and washed twice with 65 ml of 2-propanol to remove excess paratoluenesulfonic acid. The obtained salt was dried under reduced pressure to obtain 148.6 g (0.283 mol) of an isothiuronium salt. The yield was 94.2%.
[0024]
34.7 g (0.066 mol) of this isothiuronium salt was dissolved in a mixed solution of 22.31 g of 28% aqueous ammonia (0.367 mol as ammonia) and 33.7 ml of water, and reacted at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. After cooling, 20 ml of toluene was added and the product salt was separated and removed by filtration. The filtrate in two layers was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted five times with 20 ml of toluene. All toluene phases were combined and this solution was analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol was 7.51 g (0.054 mol). The yield based on 4-vinylpyridine was 76.9%.
<Evaluation of results>
By comparing the above-described examples and comparative examples, the following points are found.
(1) Since the isothiuronium salt is precipitated in the comparative example, it is necessary to perform separation and washing operations. However, in the example, it can proceed to the next decomposition step as it is in a dissolved state.
(2) Since ethanol and isopropanol are used as reaction media in the comparative example, these become organic waste after the reaction, but in the examples, the reaction is aqueous and does not become organic waste.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides a method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol, which is easy to operate and produces a small amount of organic waste. In particular, when an alkali is added to a solution containing an isothiuronium salt to convert the isothiuronium salt into 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol, by adding the alkali at a low temperature, side reactions are suppressed and high yield is achieved. 2- (4-Pyridyl) ethanethiol can be generated.

Claims (7)

酸を含有している水性媒体中で4−ビニルピリジンとチオ尿素を反応させてイソチウロニウム塩を含む溶液を生成させ、次いでこの溶液をアルカリ性にしてイソチウロニウム塩を2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールに転化させることを特徴とする2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法。  Reaction of 4-vinylpyridine and thiourea in an aqueous medium containing an acid to produce a solution containing an isothiuronium salt, which is then made alkaline to convert the isothiuronium salt to 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol. A process for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol, characterized in that it is converted. 酸がパラトルエンスルホン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法。  The method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol according to claim 1, wherein the acid is p-toluenesulfonic acid. 水性媒体中におけるパラトルエンスルホン酸の濃度が20〜40重量%であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法。The method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of paratoluenesulfonic acid in the aqueous medium is 20 to 40% by weight. 酸が硫酸であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法。  The method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol according to claim 1, wherein the acid is sulfuric acid. イソチウロニウム塩を含む溶液にアンモニア水を添加してアルカリ性にすることを特徴とする請求項1ないしのいずれかに記載の2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法。The method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein ammonia water is added to the solution containing the isothiuronium salt to make it alkaline. イソチウロニウム塩を含む溶液をアルカリ性にするに際し、溶液の温度を50℃以下に保持することを特徴とする請求項1ないしのいずれかに記載の2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法。The method for producing 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the temperature of the solution is maintained at 50 ° C or lower when the solution containing the isothiuronium salt is made alkaline. イソチウロニウム塩を含む溶液をアルカリ性にするに際し、少なくとも中和点に達するまで溶液の温度を50℃未満に保持し、次いで50℃以上に昇温させることを特徴とする請求項1ないしのいずれかに記載の2−(4−ピリジル)エタンチオールの製造方法。Upon the solution to alkaline containing isothiuronium salt, maintaining the temperature of the solution until at least the neutralization point below 50 ° C., and then any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that to raise the temperature above 50 ° C. The manufacturing method of 2- (4-pyridyl) ethanethiol of description.
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