JP3888730B2 - Novel alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether, polymerizable composition and cured product thereof - Google Patents

Novel alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether, polymerizable composition and cured product thereof Download PDF

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JP3888730B2
JP3888730B2 JP11010297A JP11010297A JP3888730B2 JP 3888730 B2 JP3888730 B2 JP 3888730B2 JP 11010297 A JP11010297 A JP 11010297A JP 11010297 A JP11010297 A JP 11010297A JP 3888730 B2 JP3888730 B2 JP 3888730B2
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Prior art keywords
formula
vinyl ether
alicyclic epoxy
polymerizable composition
compound
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JP11010297A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10287660A (en
Inventor
誠 内田
稔 野路
利恵子 荻原
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は新規な脂環式エポキシビニルエーテル、該脂環式エポキシビニルエーテルを含有する重合性組成物、およびその硬化物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、紫外線硬化型樹脂や電子線硬化型樹脂などの重合性組成物は主に、インキ、塗料、接着剤、レジスト、製版材などの多くの分野で用いられている。この重合性組成物の主剤としては、アクリル系モノマーや多官能アクリレートが最も一般的である。
【0003】
ところが、アクリル系モノマーには皮膚刺激性や臭気性、酸素による重合抑制作用に付随する諸問題がある。そこで最近、皮膚低刺激性で低臭気性、かつ酸素の影響が少ないエポキシ類やビニルエーテル類が注目されるようになった。またこれらの化合物は、カチオン重合系で速い硬化速度を示すため、アクリル系モノマーと比較して、更なる優位性が期待できる。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、下記式(A)で表される低皮膚刺激性であり、種々の分野において極めて有用である化合物を見いだし、本発明発明を完成した。すなわち本発明は、
(1)式(A)で表される脂環式エポキシビニルエーテル、
【0005】
【化2】

Figure 0003888730
【0006】
(式(A)中mは2〜5の整数を、nは1〜20の整数をそれぞれ表す。)
(2)上記(1)で記載した脂環式エポキシビニルエーテルを含む重合性組成物、
(3)上記(2)記載の重合性組成物を硬化して得られる硬化物
に関する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
式(A)で表される化合物は、例えば式(1)
【0008】
【化3】
Figure 0003888730
【0009】
(式(1)中mは2〜5の整数を、nは1〜20の整数を、またXはハロゲン原子、トシル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、およびメタンスルホニル基から選ばれる1つ以上をそれぞれ表す。)で表される化合物と、式(2)
【0010】
【化4】
Figure 0003888730
【0011】
で表される化合物とを、塩基性化合物の存在下で反応させることによって得られる。
【0012】
用い得る式(1)の化合物の具体例としては、2−クロロエチルビニルエーテル、4−クロロブチルビニルエーテル、2−ブロモエチルビニルエーテル、4−ブロモブチルビニルエーテル、2−ビニロキシエチルトシレート、4−ビニロキシブチルトシレート等、およびこれらの混合物がある。
【0013】
用い得る式(2)の化合物の具体例としては、エポキシシクロヘキシルメタノールが挙げられ、3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメタノール(ECM)が好ましい。式(2)の化合物の使用量は、式(1)の化合物1モルに対して通常0.1モル以上、好ましくは、0.2〜2.0モルである。反応温度は通常0〜100℃、好ましくは30〜60℃、反応時間は通常30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜10時間である。
【0014】
式(1)の化合物と式(2)の化合物との反応は、塩基性化合物の存在下で行い、不活性溶媒、例えばN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルイミダゾリドンのような非プロトン性極性溶媒、トルエン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン等の無極性溶媒、テトラヒドロフラン、ジグライム、ジオキサン、トリオキサン等、またはこれらの混合溶媒中で行ってもよい。これら溶媒の使用量は、式(1)の化合物0.1モルに対して、通常500ml以下、好ましくは20〜200mlである。また反応は、低沸点物を反応系外に除去しながら進行させることもできる。
【0015】
用い得る塩基性化合物の具体例としては、水素化ナトリウム、水素化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属化合物、金属ナトリウム、金属カリウムなどのアルカリ金属、及び、ナトリウムメチラートなどのアルカリ金属アルコラートなどが挙げられ、その使用量は、式(1)の化合物のX基1.0モル当量に対して通常1.0モル以上、好ましくは1.2〜10モルである。
【0016】
反応終了後、反応混合物を室温まで冷却した後、水を加え次いでジエチルエーテルまたはヘキサンなどで抽出を行い、次いで有機層に無水硫酸ナトリウム、合成ゼオライトなどの乾燥剤を加えて乾燥させる。このときに、活性炭などの脱色剤を加えてもよい。この後、濾過し、減圧蒸留等により目的物(式(A)で表される本発明の脂環式エポキシビニルエーテル)を得ることができる。
【0017】
また、式(A)で表される化合物は、別法として例えば式(3)
【0018】
【化5】
Figure 0003888730
【0019】
(式(3)中mは2〜5の整数を、nは1〜20の整数をそれぞれ表す。)
で表される化合物と、式(4)
【0020】
【化6】
Figure 0003888730
【0021】
(式(4)中Xはハロゲン原子、トシル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、およびメタンスルホニル基から選ばれる1つ以上を表す。)で表される化合物とを、塩基性化合物の存在下で反応させることによって得ることができる。
【0022】
用い得る式(3)の化合物の具体例としては、2−ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル、4−ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノビニルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノビニルエーテル等、およびこれらの混合物がある。
【0023】
用い得る式(4)の化合物の具体例としては、クロロメチルエポキシシクロヘキサン、ブロモメチルエポキシシクロヘキサン、エポキシシクロヘキシルメチルトシレート、エポキシシクロヘキシルメチルベンゼンスルホネート等、およびこれらの混合物があり、式(4)の化合物の使用量は、式(3)の化合物1モルに対して通常0.1モル以上、好ましくは、0.2〜2.0モルである。反応温度は通常0〜100℃、好ましくは30〜60℃、反応時間は通常30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜10時間である。
【0024】
式(3)の化合物と式(4)の化合物との反応は、式(1)の化合物と式(2)の化合物の反応に準じて行うことができ、前記した塩基性化合物の存在下、前記の不活性溶媒中で行ってもよい。また、塩基性化合物の使用量は、式(4)の化合物のX基1.0モル当量に対して通常1.0モル以上、好ましくは1.2〜10モルである。
【0025】
次に本発明の重合性組成物につき説明する。
本発明の脂環式エポキシビニルエーテルと重合開始剤、及びその他必要に応じて種々の重合性化合物、硬化促進剤、染料、顔料、可塑剤、無機充填剤、溶剤などを混合して本発明の重合性組成物を得ることができる。重合開始剤としては、熱重合開始剤、あるいは光ラジカル重合開始剤や光カチオン重合開始剤などラジカル重合やイオン(カチオン)重合を起こしうるものであれば特に制限はない。
【0026】
用いうる熱重合開始剤の具体例としては、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酸化アセチル、過酸化ラウロイル、t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビス−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル、アゾビスシクロヘキサンカルボニトリル等のラジカル開始剤の他、無水フタル酸、無水ピロメリット酸などの酸無水物類、三フッ化ホウ素、二塩化亜鉛、三塩化アルミニウムなどのルイス酸類等の、脂環式エポキシ化合物の重合に用いられる開始剤等が挙げられる。また、これら重合開始剤と共に、多価アルコール類などの重合促進剤を用いてもよい。
【0027】
用いうる光ラジカル重合開始剤の具体例としては、2,4−ジエチルチオキサントン、ベンゾフェノン、4−ジメチルアミノイソアミルベンゾエート、4−ジメチルアミノエチルベンゾエート等が挙げられる。
【0028】
用いうる光カチオン重合開始剤の具体例としては、特公昭53−32831号、特公昭52−14277号、特公昭52−14278号、特公昭52−14279号、特公昭52−25686号、特公昭61−34752号、特開昭54−53181号、特開昭54−95686号、特公昭61−36530号、特公昭59−19581号、特公昭63−65688号、特開昭55−164204号、特公昭60−30690号、特公昭63−36332号、特公平1−39423号、特公平2−10171号、特公平5−15721号、特公平4−62310号、特公昭62−57653号、特公平3−12081号、特公平3−12082号、特公平3−16361号、特公昭63−12092号、特公昭63−12093号、特公昭63−12095号、特公昭63−12094号、特公平2−37924号、特公平2−35764号、特公平4−13374号、特公平4−75908号、特公平4−73428号、特公昭53−32831号、特開平2−150848号、特開平2−296514号、米国特許第4,069,055号、米国特許第4,069,056号、米国特許第3,703,296号等に記載されているスルホニウム塩、ジアゾニウム塩、アンモニウム塩、ホスホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩、アルソニウム塩、鉄・アレーン錯体などが挙げられる。
【0029】
これらの重合開始剤は式(A)の化合物に対して、通常0.01〜50重量%、好ましくは0.1〜20重量%使用され、本発明の硬化物を得る際に式(A)の化合物と混合してもよいし、本発明の重合性組成物中に混合してもよい。
【0030】
本発明の硬化物は、本発明の脂環式エポキシビニルエーテルをそのまま、好ましくは本発明の重合性組成物として、紫外線、電子線、または放射線の照射、或いは加熱して得ることができる。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下に実施例によって本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0032】
実施例1
温度計、環流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素導入装置、攪拌装置のついた1lの反応器に、60wt%水素化ナトリウム50gを仕込み、乾燥窒素を流しながら、100mlのヘキサンで3回洗浄する。その後N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド300mlを加え、アイスバスで冷却し、撹拌しながら、ECM100gを30分〜1時間で滴下する。その後、反応器内を室温に戻し、さらに1時間撹拌する。
次に、反応器内温度を40〜50℃にし、2−クロロエチルビニルエーテル100gを、前記のECMナトリウム塩分散体に撹拌しながら、30分〜1時間で滴下する。その後さらに40〜50℃で10時間反応させ完結させる。
【0033】
反応終了後、反応混合液を室温まで冷却した後、水100mlを加え、ジエチルエーテル100mlで3回抽出する。次いで、抽出したジエチルエーテル溶液を水100mlで3回洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムと活性炭を加え、一晩乾燥・脱色する。その後、濾過し、ジエチルエーテルを減圧除去し、減圧蒸留(0.025mmHg、53〜54℃)により式(5)
【0034】
【化7】
Figure 0003888730
【0035】
で表される本発明の脂環式エポキシビニルエーテルを得た(収量48.6g、収率31.4%)。また、IRスペクトルにより、式(5)の化合物は、ECMに対して水酸基(3400cm-1付近)が消失し、ビニルエーテル基(1620cm-1)が出現することを確認した。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の脂環式エポキシビニルエーテルは、低皮膚刺激性の重合性組成物として、コーティング剤、インキ、塗料、接着剤、レジスト、製版材などの種々の分野で極めて有用である。特に光カチオン重合開始剤を含有する本発明の重合性組成物は硬化速度が速く、酸素による重合阻害がほとんど無いという特徴を示す。また、低粘度であるため、希釈性、加工性にも優れる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether, a polymerizable composition containing the alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether, and a cured product thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, polymerizable compositions such as ultraviolet curable resins and electron beam curable resins are mainly used in many fields such as inks, paints, adhesives, resists, and platemaking materials. As the main component of this polymerizable composition, acrylic monomers and polyfunctional acrylates are the most common.
[0003]
However, acrylic monomers have various problems associated with skin irritation, odor and oxygen-induced polymerization inhibition. Therefore, recently, epoxies and vinyl ethers that have low skin irritation, low odor, and little influence of oxygen have attracted attention. Moreover, since these compounds show a fast curing rate in a cationic polymerization system, further superiority can be expected as compared with acrylic monomers.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found a compound having a low skin irritation represented by the following formula (A) and extremely useful in various fields, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention
(1) An alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether represented by the formula (A),
[0005]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003888730
[0006]
(In formula (A), m represents an integer of 2 to 5, and n represents an integer of 1 to 20, respectively.)
(2) A polymerizable composition containing the alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether described in (1) above,
(3) It relates to a cured product obtained by curing the polymerizable composition as described in (2) above.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The compound represented by the formula (A) is, for example, the formula (1)
[0008]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0003888730
[0009]
(In Formula (1), m represents an integer of 2 to 5, n represents an integer of 1 to 20, and X represents one or more selected from a halogen atom, a tosyl group, a benzenesulfonyl group, and a methanesulfonyl group. And a compound represented by formula (2)
[0010]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003888730
[0011]
Is obtained by reacting in the presence of a basic compound.
[0012]
Specific examples of compounds of formula (1) that can be used include 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, 4-chlorobutyl vinyl ether, 2-bromoethyl vinyl ether, 4-bromobutyl vinyl ether, 2-vinyloxyethyl tosylate, 4-vinyloxy. Butyl tosylate and the like, and mixtures thereof.
[0013]
Specific examples of the compound of formula (2) that can be used include epoxycyclohexyl methanol, and 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methanol (ECM) is preferred. The usage-amount of the compound of Formula (2) is 0.1 mol or more normally with respect to 1 mol of compounds of Formula (1), Preferably, it is 0.2-2.0 mol. The reaction temperature is usually 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 30 to 60 ° C., and the reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours.
[0014]
The reaction of the compound of formula (1) with the compound of formula (2) is carried out in the presence of a basic compound, and an inert solvent such as N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, The reaction may be carried out in an aprotic polar solvent such as N, N-dimethylimidazolidone, a nonpolar solvent such as toluene, hexane or heptane, tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, dioxane, trioxane or the like, or a mixed solvent thereof. The amount of these solvents to be used is usually 500 ml or less, preferably 20 to 200 ml, relative to 0.1 mol of the compound of formula (1). The reaction can also proceed while removing low-boiling substances out of the reaction system.
[0015]
Specific examples of basic compounds that can be used include alkali metal compounds such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride and sodium hydroxide, alkali metals such as metal sodium and metal potassium, and alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate. The amount used is usually 1.0 mol or more, preferably 1.2 to 10 mol, relative to 1.0 mol equivalent of the X group of the compound of the formula (1).
[0016]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, water is added, extraction is performed with diethyl ether or hexane, and the organic layer is dried by adding a desiccant such as anhydrous sodium sulfate or synthetic zeolite. At this time, a decolorizing agent such as activated carbon may be added. Then, the target product (the alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether of the present invention represented by the formula (A)) can be obtained by filtration and distillation under reduced pressure.
[0017]
Further, the compound represented by the formula (A) is, for example, a formula (3)
[0018]
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0003888730
[0019]
(In formula (3), m represents an integer of 2 to 5, and n represents an integer of 1 to 20, respectively.)
A compound represented by formula (4):
[0020]
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0003888730
[0021]
(In formula (4), X represents one or more selected from a halogen atom, a tosyl group, a benzenesulfonyl group, and a methanesulfonyl group) and a reaction in the presence of a basic compound. Can be obtained by:
[0022]
Specific examples of compounds of formula (3) that can be used include 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, triethylene glycol monovinyl ether, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
[0023]
Specific examples of compounds of formula (4) that can be used include chloromethyl epoxycyclohexane, bromomethyl epoxycyclohexane, epoxycyclohexylmethyl tosylate, epoxycyclohexylmethylbenzenesulfonate, and the like, and mixtures thereof, and compounds of formula (4) Is usually 0.1 mol or more, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 mol, per 1 mol of the compound of the formula (3). The reaction temperature is usually 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 30 to 60 ° C., and the reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours.
[0024]
The reaction of the compound of formula (3) and the compound of formula (4) can be carried out according to the reaction of the compound of formula (1) and the compound of formula (2), and in the presence of the basic compound described above, You may carry out in the said inert solvent. Moreover, the usage-amount of a basic compound is 1.0 mol or more normally with respect to 1.0 mol equivalent of X group of the compound of Formula (4), Preferably it is 1.2-10 mol.
[0025]
Next, the polymerizable composition of the present invention will be described.
Polymerization of the present invention by mixing the alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether of the present invention with a polymerization initiator, and various other polymerizable compounds, curing accelerators, dyes, pigments, plasticizers, inorganic fillers, solvents and the like as necessary. Sex composition can be obtained. The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can cause radical polymerization or ionic (cationic) polymerization, such as a thermal polymerization initiator, a photo radical polymerization initiator, or a photo cationic polymerization initiator.
[0026]
Specific examples of the thermal polymerization initiator that can be used include benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis-2,4-dimethyl. In addition to radical initiators such as valeronitrile and azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride and pyromellitic anhydride, Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, zinc dichloride and aluminum trichloride, Examples include initiators used for polymerization of alicyclic epoxy compounds. Moreover, you may use polymerization promoters, such as polyhydric alcohol, with these polymerization initiators.
[0027]
Specific examples of the photo radical polymerization initiator that can be used include 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, benzophenone, 4-dimethylaminoisoamylbenzoate, 4-dimethylaminoethylbenzoate, and the like.
[0028]
Specific examples of the cationic photopolymerization initiator that can be used include Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-32831, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-14277, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-14278, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-14279, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-25686, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-34752, JP-A-54-53181, JP-A-54-95686, JP-B-61-36530, JP-B-59-19581, JP-B-63-65688, JP-A-55-164204, JP-B 60-30690, JP-B 63-36332, JP-B 1-33923, JP-B 2-10171, JP-B 5-15721, JP-B 4-62310, JP-B 62-57653, JP-B No. 3-12081, No. 3-12082, No. 3-16361, No. 63-12092, No. 63-12093, No. 6 -12095, JP-B 63-12094, JP-B 2-37924, JP-B 2-35764, JP-B 4-13374, JP-B 4-75908, JP-B 4-73428, JP-B 53- No. 32831, JP-A-2-150848, JP-A-2-296514, US Pat. No. 4,069,055, US Pat. No. 4,069,056, US Pat. No. 3,703,296, etc. Sulfonium salts, diazonium salts, ammonium salts, phosphonium salts, iodonium salts, arsonium salts, iron / arene complexes, and the like.
[0029]
These polymerization initiators are usually used in an amount of 0.01 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the compound of the formula (A). When the cured product of the present invention is obtained, the formula (A) It may be mixed with the above compound or may be mixed in the polymerizable composition of the present invention.
[0030]
The cured product of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting the alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether of the present invention as it is, preferably as a polymerizable composition of the present invention, by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, electron beams, or radiation, or by heating.
[0031]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0032]
Example 1
A 1 liter reactor equipped with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, a nitrogen introducing device, and a stirring device is charged with 50 g of 60 wt% sodium hydride and washed with 100 ml of hexane three times while flowing dry nitrogen. Thereafter, 300 ml of N, N-dimethylacetamide is added, cooled in an ice bath, and 100 g of ECM is added dropwise over 30 minutes to 1 hour while stirring. Thereafter, the inside of the reactor is returned to room temperature and further stirred for 1 hour.
Next, the temperature in the reactor is set to 40 to 50 ° C., and 100 g of 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether is added dropwise to the ECM sodium salt dispersion in 30 minutes to 1 hour while stirring. Then, the reaction is further completed at 40 to 50 ° C. for 10 hours.
[0033]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, 100 ml of water is added, and the mixture is extracted 3 times with 100 ml of diethyl ether. Next, the extracted diethyl ether solution is washed with 100 ml of water three times, and anhydrous sodium sulfate and activated carbon are added, followed by drying and decolorization overnight. Thereafter, filtration was performed, and diethyl ether was removed under reduced pressure.
[0034]
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003888730
[0035]
The alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether of this invention represented by these was obtained (a yield 48.6g, a yield 31.4%). Further, from the IR spectrum, it was confirmed that in the compound of formula (5), the hydroxyl group (around 3400 cm −1 ) disappeared and the vinyl ether group (1620 cm −1 ) appeared with respect to ECM.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether of the present invention is extremely useful as a low skin irritation polymerizable composition in various fields such as coating agents, inks, paints, adhesives, resists, and plate making materials. In particular, the polymerizable composition of the present invention containing a photocationic polymerization initiator has the characteristics of a high curing rate and almost no polymerization inhibition by oxygen. Moreover, since it is low-viscosity, it is excellent also in dilution property and workability.

Claims (3)

式(A)で表される脂環式エポキシビニルエーテル。
Figure 0003888730
(式(A)中mは2〜5の整数を、nは1〜20の整数をそれぞれ表す。)
An alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether represented by the formula (A).
Figure 0003888730
(In formula (A), m represents an integer of 2 to 5, and n represents an integer of 1 to 20, respectively.)
請求項1記載の脂環式エポキシビニルエーテルを含む重合性組成物。A polymerizable composition comprising the alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether according to claim 1. 請求項2記載の重合性組成物を硬化して得られる硬化物。A cured product obtained by curing the polymerizable composition according to claim 2.
JP11010297A 1997-04-14 1997-04-14 Novel alicyclic epoxy vinyl ether, polymerizable composition and cured product thereof Expired - Fee Related JP3888730B2 (en)

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