JP3881995B2 - Gypsum board crushing and sorting equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a gypsum board crushing / separating apparatus, and more particularly, a gypsum board crushing apparatus in which a required torque is distributed and, as a result, the gypsum board can be driven with a relatively small torque, and the gypsum board is efficiently separated into a gypsum part and a paper part. The present invention relates to a sorting device.

Conventionally, many gypsum boards are used for walls and ceilings as interior and exterior base materials. Gypsum board has superior processability and dimensional stability compared to wood, and improves the fire and sound insulation of the building. On the other hand, in recent years, recycling-oriented is also increasing in the field of construction, and gypsum board is generated as a scrap material at the construction site and as a scrap material at the demolition site. In particular, gypsum board is formed from gypsum and paper and can be put together in a recycling process, so various sorters have been developed.

For example, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-137726 “Gypsum Board Crushing and Sorting Processing Device”, a pair of rollers is combined in two sets, a set of first rollers is used to crush the gypsum board into powder, and a set of second rollers. Then, it breaks through the paper and puts it in the separation and separation process downstream. Thus, conventionally, it has been possible to treat the gypsum board in a recyclable manner.

JP 2001-137726 A

However, the conventional technique has the following problems.
That is, in the technique using a roller disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-137726, a plate is first crushed with a crushing roll, so that a large torque is continuously applied to the crushing roll requiring the most torque in the apparatus. There is a problem that the driving portion becomes large and power consumption becomes large. In addition, since the crushing roller grips and crushes a long object at once, extremely large torque may be required instantaneously, and the crushing roll may stop. In particular, when the house is demolished and the raw material is gypsum board as waste material, for example, siding board pieces that are ceramic wall materials may be mixed, and the device stops There was a problem of end.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gypsum board pulverization / separation apparatus in which the apparatus load is distributed and the gypsum board is efficiently separated into a gypsum part and a paper part.

In order to achieve the above object, a gypsum board pulverizing / separating apparatus according to claim 1 includes a pair of crushing rollers for crushing a gypsum board while roughly crushing the gypsum board, and a gypsum board crushed by the crushing roller. A paper feed consisting of a rotating helix with a hopper to be fed into the lower inlet, and a gyro and paper mixture from the hopper, which is raised up and the height of the outlet is raised so that the paper is discharged upward. A net that is close to the roller and the paper feed roller and allows the gypsum powder or gypsum from the hopper to pass through, and a net that collects more gypsum powder from the paper by rubbing by lengthening the separation path by the rising configuration A body, a gypsum recovery box, and a paper recovery box having a capacity larger than that of the gypsum recovery box due to the rising, are sequentially positioned in the vertical direction, and the pair of crushing rolls The end of the hopper, the side of the hopper, the end of the paper feed roller, and the end of the mesh body are positioned so as to be substantially in a straight line, and the pair of crushing rollers are: The cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis is a circle, and the first multi-stage roller in which peaks and valleys are alternately configured in the axial direction by changing the diameter of the circle, and the valley of the first multi-stage roller The crest portion is composed of a second multi-stage roller configured such that the crest portion is complementary to the crest portion, and the pair of crushing rollers are held at predetermined intervals, and the gypsum board is rotated by rotating the shaft. The gypsum portion is crushed while being roughly crushed, and the gypsum portion is made into a powder or small lump and separated from the outer paper.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the crushing roller holds the gypsum board, the ridge line is not a straight line, so that the gypsum board is roughly crushed and torque concentration can be avoided. Further, since the ridge lines are complementary, the gypsum board piece is crushed as it is immediately after rough crushing by the gap. Note that the multi-stage roller does not necessarily need to draw a smooth curve between the ridges and valleys like a bowl shape. For example, it seems that disk weights of two large and small diameters used in barbells are alternately passed through the shaft. Including various shapes. The peak portion is a portion where the ridge line is convex (a portion having a large diameter), and the valley portion is a portion where the ridge line is concave (a portion having a small diameter). Note that the gypsum board is made of paper, so it may appear to be connected inside even if it is separated as a gypsum piece. In this application, it is assumed that such a state is also roughly crushed.

In the invention according to claim 1, separation of gypsum and paper is also performed by a roller, and from rough crushing to separation is possible with a simple configuration. The net body may have a bowl shape with an arc so as to form a slight gap with the paper feed roller, or it may be flat and provided in the immediate lower part of the paper feed roller for a low cost configuration. good. The rotating spiral body is not particularly limited as long as the paper piece is moved in the axial direction by pivoting the shaft. For example, the rotating spiral body can be configured by providing wings and protrusions spirally on the outer periphery of the cylinder. It should be noted that a gypsum feed roller for conveying gypsum to a predetermined position may be provided as necessary.

Further, the invention according to claim 1 can make the apparatus configuration compact, and the separated paper and gypsum naturally fall down, so that a simple take-out is possible if a receiving container is placed underneath. Is also possible. The paper feed roller and the net body are configured to rise obliquely upward from the lower part of the apparatus, and the height of the discharge outlet for the paper piece is increased.

Further, the gypsum board crushing / separating device according to claim 2 is the gypsum board crushing / separating device according to claim 1, wherein a crest of the crushing roller is provided with a notch extending in the axial direction in the circumferential direction of the crest. It is characterized by forming a step to hold the gypsum board without slipping.

That is, the invention according to claim 2 can hold the gypsum board without slipping by the step.

A gypsum board crushing / separating apparatus according to claim 3 is the gypsum board crushing / separating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein all the rollers are driven by a single driving means.

That is, the invention according to claim 3 can simplify driving of the entire apparatus. In other words, the present invention can reduce the required maximum torque and can be driven with a relatively small torque, so that the entire apparatus can be operated by a single drive system by appropriately interposing a gear.

As described above, according to the present invention, when the crushing roller holds the gypsum board, since the ridge line is not a straight line, the gypsum board can be roughly crushed and torque concentration can be avoided. It is also possible to hold the gypsum board without slipping due to the level difference. Further, since the gypsum and the paper are separated by the roller, it is possible to perform rough crushing to separation with a simple configuration. In addition, it is possible to increase the separation efficiency of the gypsum portion by lengthening the separation path where the mesh body and the paper rub against each other. Furthermore, the driving of the entire apparatus can be simplified by driving all the rollers by a single driving means. Further, the apparatus configuration can be made compact, and the separated paper and gypsum naturally fall down, so that if the receiving container is placed underneath, simple take-out becomes possible. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a gypsum board pulverizing / separating apparatus in which the apparatus load is distributed and the gypsum board is efficiently separated into the gypsum part and the paper part.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a side view of the gypsum board pulverization / separation apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the gypsum board pulverization / separation apparatus shown in FIG. The gypsum board crushing and separating apparatus 100 includes a pair of crushing rollers 101, a pair of crushing rollers 102, a single paper feed roller 103, a punching metal 104, a gypsum collection box 105, and a paper collection box 106. .

As shown in the figure, the crushing roller 101, the crushing roller 102, and the paper feed roller 103 are sequentially arranged vertically downward so as to eliminate the need for a separate conveyer and the like, thereby simplifying the apparatus configuration. Further, since these rollers are driven by a single drive system (not shown) with a gear (not shown) interposed therebetween, the apparatus configuration is also simplified from this point.

Each part will be described. The crushing roller 101 has a basic shape of a cylindrical body having an axial length of about 1 m and a diameter of about 110 mm, and eight angle steels are fixed to the outer periphery at regular intervals along the axis. The height of the angle iron is about 2 cm, and the crushing roller 101 rotates so as to send the gypsum board to the crushing roller 102 side. At this time, the ridges of one roller and the ridges of the other roller are arranged so that they are staggered, and further, a line connecting adjacent mountains of one roller (hereinafter referred to as a branch line) and a ridge of the other roller The distance is made slightly smaller than the width of the gypsum board (width 9 mm to 12 mm). As a result, the plaster board can be folded and roughly crushed with a small torque. In the case of the present embodiment, the gypsum board is a piece of gypsum board having a long side or a long diameter of about 5 to 10 cm. In addition, the distance between the line connecting the peaks of one roller and the peaks of the other roller is adjusted as appropriate so that the gypsum board can be roughly crushed and driven with a small torque.

The crushing roller 102 is a cylindrical body having an axial length of about 1 m and a diameter of about 140 mm. The interval between the rollers is set to about 1 mm, and the rollers are rotated inward in the same manner as the crushing roller 101 to sequentially crush the roughly crushed gypsum board. By crushing, gypsum is peeled off from the outer paper as powder or lumps. Here, the interval between the rollers is about 1 mm, but there is no particular limitation on the interval as long as the gypsum is separated from the paper and can be crushed so as to pass through the holes of the punching metal 104. However, in the gypsum board crushing / separating apparatus 100, the crushing roller 102 requires the most torque. Therefore, the roller interval is determined in consideration of the torque required for the other rollers. In addition, the position of one side of the crushing roller 102 is fixed, and the other is configured so that the reference interval is 1 mm and the interval is dynamically changed by applying a spring from the side so that the roller is engaged and the drive motor is not loaded. You may do it. Note that the rotation speed of the crushing roller 101 and the rotation speed of the crushing roller 102 may be made different by appropriately interposing a gear.

The paper feed roller 103 is a cylindrical body having an axial length of about 1 m and a diameter of about 140 mm, and pins having a height of about 30 mm are spirally implanted on the cylindrical surface. The pin feeds the paper in the axial direction by the rotation of the roller. Here, the punching metal 104 is disposed in a position close to the paper feed roller 103, and the gypsum powder or gypsum crush that has been crushed by the crushing roller 102 passes through the plurality of holes formed in the punching metal 104. The gypsum collection box 105 collects gypsum. The size of the hole in the punching metal is such a size that only paper can pass without passing paper. In the present embodiment, the size of the hole is about 1 cm. As shown in the figure, the punching metal 104 has a bowl-like curvature and is disposed so as to be applied to the outer periphery of the paper feed roller 103. The paper is moved in the axial direction by the roller and collected in the paper collection box 106.

As described above, the gypsum board pulverizing / separating apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment can reduce the maximum torque, prevent the roller shaft and the bearing from being enlarged, and make the apparatus configuration compact. Moreover, all the operation parts can be constituted by rollers and can be operated by a single drive part, and the apparatus configuration can be simplified from this point. Since the maximum torque can be reduced, it is possible to prevent the drive motor from becoming large and to reduce the device cost.

[Embodiment 2]
In the second embodiment, an example in which two pairs of paper feed rollers and punching metal are combined in the vertical direction will be described. Unless otherwise specified, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the gypsum board crusher according to the second embodiment. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the gypsum board pulverizing and sorting apparatus shown in FIG. The gypsum board pulverization / separation apparatus 200 includes paper feed rollers 203a and 203b and punching metals 204a and 204b. As shown in the figure, the paper feed roller 203a feeds a piece of paper to one side by its rotation, drops the piece of paper fed from the end of the punching metal 204a, and then moves it in the opposite direction by the paper feed roller 203b. , Paper sheet moving process is lengthened. As a result, the contact distance between the punching metals 204a and 204b and the paper piece can be increased without increasing the apparatus length, and more gypsum powder adhering to the paper piece can be separated.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example of an apparatus in which a pair of upper and lower paper feed rollers are provided. The pins may be arranged so that they are not engaged with each other by rotation, and the pins are positioned at a position near the outer periphery of the other roller. As a result, the paper piece is bent in a complicated manner, and the gypsum can be efficiently separated from the paper piece even when passing between the paper feed rollers. In the illustrated example, a gap is formed between the paper feed roller 203a and the punching metal 204a and between the paper feed roller 203b and the punching metal 204b, and the paper partially stagnates in this region. However, since the papers are sequentially fed, the papers rub against each other, and here again the gypsum can be efficiently separated from the paper pieces. Even in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, if the punching metal is made into a U shape without bending it into a bowl shape, a stagnant portion is formed in the same manner, and the same effect can be obtained. it can. Further, not only the U-shape but also a simple punching metal can be applied to obtain the same effect.

As described above, the gypsum board pulverization / separation apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment can increase the separation effect without increasing the overall length of the apparatus.

[Embodiment 3]
In Embodiment 3, an example in which crushing and crushing are performed with one roller will be described. Unless otherwise specified, the same components as those in the first embodiment or the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the gypsum board pulverization / separation apparatus according to the third embodiment. The gypsum board crushing and separating apparatus 300 includes a pair of crushing crushing rollers 301, a hopper 302, a pair of paper feed rollers 303, a punching metal 304, a single gypsum feed roller 305, a gypsum collection box 105, and a paper collection. And a box 106. FIG. 7 is a view of the crushing crushing roller 301 as viewed from the upper side of the apparatus.

As shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, the crushing crushing roller 301 is a roller having a shape in which large and small disk weights used in a barbell are alternately stacked to form a multistage (hereinafter referred to as a multistage roller). And the multi-stage roller 301a and the multi-stage roller 301b are positioned so as to complementarily engage with each other. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the large diameter of the multi-stage roller is provided with three notches 310 along the circumference.

Since it is such a shape, the crushing crushing roller 301 plays a role of combining the crushing roller and the crushing roller described in the first or second embodiment. First, the multistage roller 301a and the multistage roller 301b rotate inward to draw the gypsum board into the gap. Next, the gypsum board is slipped by the notch 310 so as not to slip. Since the gap is not a straight line, the gypsum board is roughly crushed according to the outer shape (ridge line) of the multistage roller. The roughly crushed gypsum board is directly pulled in by the rotation of the roller and crushed.

At this time, in the gypsum board pulverizing / separating apparatus described in the first or second embodiment, the roughly crushed gypsum board piece is once separated from the crushing roller and dropped onto the crushing roller, so that the gypsum board pieces are overlapped with each other. However, the crushing and crushing roller 301 has an advantage that such a load does not occur because the gypsum board pieces are sequentially pulled as they are.

As for the size of the multi-stage roller, the shaft length is about 1 m, the large wheel φ210 mm × 45 mm, the small wheel φ190 mm × 55 mm, the thickness of the truncated cone connecting the large wheel and the small wheel is 5 mm, the groove width of the notch 310 is 30 mm × the groove depth is 3 mm. can do. The gap between the multi-stage roller 301a and the multi-stage roller 301b can be 5 mm.

The hopper 302 inputs the gypsum board crushed by the crushing crushing roller 301 into the lower insertion port A of the paper feed roller 303. The paper portion is sequentially moved downstream by the pair of paper feed rollers 303 and is finally put into the paper collection box 106. At this time, since the paper rubs against the punching metal 304, the gypsum attached to the paper sequentially falls to the gypsum feed roller 305 side. On the other hand, the gypsum feed roller 305 sequentially moves the gypsum thrown in from the lower slot A and the gypsum rubbed by the punching metal 304 to the downstream, and finally puts it in the gypsum collection box 105.

As shown in FIG. 6, the paper feed roller 303, the punching metal 304, and the gypsum feed roller 305 are configured to receive a mixture of gypsum and paper at the bottom and discharge it at the top. With such a structure that rises obliquely upward, the separation path can be lengthened and more gypsum powder can be recovered from the paper, so that the yield is improved and the raw material quality of the paper is also improved from the viewpoint of recycling. Further, the capacities of the gypsum collection box 105 and the paper collection box 106 can be increased.

As described above, according to the gypsum board pulverization / separation apparatus of the third embodiment, crushing and crushing can be performed at once with a pair of rollers. In addition, according to this structure, the torque required compared with the conventional apparatus becomes relatively small, and since efficient crushing crushing becomes possible, for example, a motor with about 2/3 horsepower The so-called super hard plaster can be easily recycled. On the other hand, if a motor with the same horsepower is used, even if a rigid member such as a siding board piece is mixed in the raw material, the apparatus is not stopped and the operation efficiency can be improved.

In the first and second embodiments, the separating means, that is, the paper feed rollers 103, 203a, and 203b are arranged horizontally, and in the third embodiment, the paper feed roller 303 rises obliquely upward. Although these are arranged obliquely in the first and second embodiments and horizontally in the third embodiment, it goes without saying that there is no problem and various designs may be adopted.

As an application example of the present invention, in addition to gypsum board pulverization and separation, for example, it can be applied as an apparatus for efficiently crushing and separating members having different brittleness with respect to shearing force between the inside and the outside.

1 is a side view of a gypsum board pulverization / separation device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is AA sectional drawing of the gypsum board grinding | pulverization separation apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view of the gypsum board crusher of Embodiment 2. It is AA sectional drawing of the gypsum board grinding | pulverization separation apparatus shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of an apparatus which provided a pair of upper and lower paper feed rollers one each. It is a side view of the gypsum board grinding | pulverization separation apparatus of Embodiment 3. It is the figure which looked at the crushing crushing roller from the apparatus upper side. It is sectional drawing of the larger disk shape of a crushing crushing roller.

Explanation of symbols

100, 200, 300 Gypsum board crushing and separating apparatus 101 Crushing roller 102 Crushing rollers 103, 203a, 203b, 303 Paper feed rollers 104, 204a, 204b, 304 Punching metal 105 Gypsum recovery box 106 Paper recovery box 301 Crushing crushing roller 302 Hopper 305 Gypsum feed roller

Claims (3)

A pair of crushing rollers that crush the gypsum board while roughly crushing it,
A hopper that puts the gypsum board crushed by the crushing roller into the lower inlet of the paper feed roller;
A paper feed roller made of a rotating spiral that receives the mixture of gypsum and paper from the hopper underneath and rises diagonally upward so as to discharge the paper and raises the height of the discharge port;
A net that is close to the paper feed roller and allows gypsum powder or gypsum from the hopper to pass through, and a net that collects more gypsum powder from the paper by rubbing by lengthening the separation path by a rising configuration; and
A gypsum collection box and a paper collection box having a larger capacity than the gypsum collection box due to the rising,
Are located in the vertical direction in order,
And it arrange | positions so that the edge part of a pair of said crushing roller, the side part of the said hopper, the edge part of the said paper feed roller, and the edge part of the said net | network body may be located in a straight line substantially vertically,
The pair of crushing rollers is a first multistage roller in which a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis is a circle, and a crest and a trough are alternately configured in the axial direction by changing the diameter of the circle, The crest portion of the multi-stage roller includes a second multi-stage roller configured such that the crest portion is complementary to the crest portion, and the pair of crushing rollers are held at a predetermined interval. A gypsum board pulverizing and separating device characterized in that the gypsum board is crushed while being roughly crushed by rotating the shaft, and the gypsum part is made into a powder or small lump and separated from the outer paper.   2. The gypsum board pulverization according to claim 1, wherein a notch extending in the axial direction is provided in a crest portion of the crushing roller so as to form a step so as to prevent the gypsum board from slipping in a circumferential direction of the crest portion. Sorting device. 3. The gypsum board pulverizing / separating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein all rollers are driven by a single driving means.

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