JP3876038B2 - Caffeine aggregation precipitate combined with persimmon and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Caffeine aggregation precipitate combined with persimmon and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3876038B2 JP3876038B2 JP05995297A JP5995297A JP3876038B2 JP 3876038 B2 JP3876038 B2 JP 3876038B2 JP 05995297 A JP05995297 A JP 05995297A JP 5995297 A JP5995297 A JP 5995297A JP 3876038 B2 JP3876038 B2 JP 3876038B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- caffeine
- persimmon
- coffee
- astringent
- growth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物の肥料化法に関し、さらに詳しくはカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物を柿渋で処理することによってカフェイン等の植物生育阻害物質を凝集させて低減させることにより、カフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物を早期に肥料化する方法、及び前記方法によって得られるカフェイン凝集沈殿物及びカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
国内の食品工場から１年間に排出される産業廃棄物は約１２００万トンで全産業の約３％である。そのうち、コーヒー粕などのカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物は約１３万トンと言われており、従来からこれらの約６０％が接触業者に委託して廃棄されている（コーヒーマーケット、帝飲食糧新聞、１９９３年９月５日号）。
【０００３】
しかしながら、最近、環境破壊などの社会および地球規模での問題から、これらの産業廃棄物のリサイクルが望まれている。
【０００４】
例えばコーヒー粕などのカフェイン含有食品廃棄物の再利用法としては以下の方法が考えられている：
▲１▼炭化させて活性炭やコーヒー炭とする。
▲２▼ビニールシート等を被せて３〜５ケ月放置し、微生物を用いてコンポスト化し
特殊肥料とする。
▲３▼牛ふんなどと混合して完熟堆肥化すると悪臭発生防止効果があることから、稲わら、モミガラなどと混合して家畜ふんを堆肥化する（月刊フードケミカル、 No. ９、１０３（１９９５）、浅井ら：畜産の研究、第４９集、No. ６、７０
４−７０６（１９９５））。
▲４▼コーヒー粕堆肥は放線菌密度を高め病原菌に対して拮抗効果を示すことから、病気に強い肥料として利用する（鬼頭ら：日本土壌肥料学会要旨集、第３９集
、Part II 、３２３（１９９３））。
【０００５】
しかし、いずれの方法も使用にあたっては最低３〜５ケ月の放置が必要であり、この間の匂いの問題や放置場所の確保など幾つかの問題を抱えている。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らはかかる従来技術の現状に鑑み、工場あるいは家庭から排出されるコーヒー粕などのカフェイン含有食品廃棄物を長期間放置することなく、すぐにこれらの廃棄物を利用することを考えた。この場合、廃棄物に含有するカフェインの問題を解決しなければならない。カフェインには選択毒性があり、１６００ｐｐｍの濃度ではマメ科の植物（ケツルアズキ、カラスノエンドウ）の発芽、生育を全く阻害しないが、マメ科以外の植物（ハリビユ、カラムスギ、イヌビエ）の発芽をそれぞれ１００，７３，２０％阻害する（ S. J. H. Rizvi ， D. Mukerji 及び S. N. Mathur ，Agric. Biol. Chem.，４５（５）、１２２５−１２２６（１９８１））。
また、コーヒー粕の添加では１ w/w％以上の施用によってイタリアンライグラス、シロクローバの生育が抑制され、２ w/w％の施用によってコマツナ、シュンギク、トマトの生育が抑制される（鬼頭ら：日本土壌肥料学会要旨集、第３９集
、Part II 、３２３（１９９３））。
【０００７】
このようにカフェイン含有食品廃棄物はカフェインの持つ植物に対する生育抑制作用のため、その利用にあたっては該廃棄物中のカフェイン濃度を低減することが求められている。
【０００８】
本発明はかかる従来技術の問題点を解消するために創案されたものであり、その目的とするところはカフェイン含有食品廃棄物中のカフェイン等の植物生育阻害物質を凝集させて低減させることにより、前記廃棄物を早期に肥料化する方法を提供することにある。また、本発明の目的は前記肥料化法によって得られるカフェイン凝集沈殿物及びカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物を有効に利用することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らはかかる目的を達成するために食品産業廃棄物中のカフェイン等の植物生育阻害物質を低減するための手段について鋭意検討した結果、柿渋にカフェイン等の植物生育阻害物質との結合能があることを見出し、本発明の完成に至った。また、本発明者らは柿渋と結合したカフェイン凝集沈殿物及び柿渋によってカフェインを低減させたカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物がそれぞれ植物生育促進物質及び肥料として有用であることを見出し、本発明の完成に至った。
【００１０】
本発明は植物生育促進物質として使用することを特徴とする柿渋と結合したカフェイン凝集沈殿物及びその製造方法である。
【００１１】
本発明で使用する柿渋とは渋柿の若い果実から搾った汁を発酵させ濾した液をいい、本発明ではこの柿渋製造中に廃棄される柿渋抽出粕もこれに含まれる。柿渋は別名、柿タンニン、柿抽出物とも呼ばれており、主成分は縮合型タンニンである。柿渋抽出粕にも同様の縮合型タンニンが数％含まれている。柿渋の縮合型タンニンは蛋白質やアルカロイドと常温で強い結合を示して凝集する性質があり、植物の生育を阻害しない高分子ポリフエノールから構成される。日本酒業界ではこの柿渋の性質を利用して清酒の蛋白滓下げを行っているが、本発明の肥料化法もこの特異な性質を利用するものである。
【００１２】
本発明の肥料化法の対象になるカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物としては、カフェインを含有するものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばコーヒー粕、茶（ひき茶、玉露、煎茶、番茶、ウーロン茶、紅茶、だん茶など）の粕、コーラーの果実の抽出粕、カカオの種子の抽出粕などが挙げられる。
【００１３】
本発明の肥料化法では柿渋とカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物の接触方法は特に限定されないが、例えばカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物を柿渋で洗浄することによって、カフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物に柿渋を直接混合することによって、又は柿渋を添加した土壌にカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物を混合することによって行うことができる。なお、前記接触によって得られた柿渋と結合したカフェイン凝集沈殿物及び柿渋によってカフェインを低減させたカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物はそれぞれ植物生育促進物質及び肥料として有効に利用することができる。
【００１４】
本発明の肥料化法において使用する柿渋の量はその使用目的等によって異なるが、例えばコーヒー粕を肥料化する場合、コーヒー粕１Ｋｇに対して１０〜１００ｍｌ、好ましくは２０〜５０ｍｌの割合で使用することができる。
柿渋の量が上記範囲未満であればカフェイン濃度の低減効果は乏しく、上記範囲を越えるとカフェインを多量に除去できてもコストがかかるため好ましくない。
【００１５】
本発明の肥料化法によって作られたカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物の肥料は使用目的に応じて土壌と適当な割合で混合して使用することができ、その対象植物はホウレン草、二十日大根等の野菜のみならず、果樹、花き等に広く使用することができる。
【００１６】
なお、本発明者らは柿渋を種々分画した結果、柿渋にはカフェインとの結合能（凝集沈殿）が高い画分と全く結合しない画分があることをつきとめている。また、柿渋はカフェインのみならず、その他の植物生育に影響をおよぼすアルカロイドやタンパク質等も除去していることがわかっている。
これは柿渋のポリフエノールが広範囲の分子量分布を有するため、結合能が各々異なっているからである。
このような柿渋の性質を利用すれば所望の植物生育抑制物質を効率良く除去することが可能である。
【００１７】
【実施例】
本発明を以下の実施例によって具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【００１８】
柿渋は、国税庁所定分析法注解（財団法人 日本醸造協会発行、平成５年第四版）によるコロイド滴定値１５０のものを用いた。また、カフェインの定量は、以下の条件で液体クロマトグラフィーを用いてカフェイン標準液とのピーク面積比で求めた：
カラム：ＯＤＳ−５（野村化学（株）製 Develosil ODS-HG-5）
４．６φ×１５０ｍｍ
溶 媒：メタノール／水＝１５：８５
流 量：１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ
検出器：２５４ｎｍ
【００１９】
実施例 １
レタス、二十日大根の種子（日本農産種苗（株）製）を２日間水に浸して発芽させた後、図１に示すようなガラス瓶に植え替え、それを２５℃の恒温室、１５Ｗ蛍光燈下４０ｃｍのところに置いて１０日間育成した。その際、所定量のカフェイン（関東化学（株）製、無水カフェイン一級試薬使用）及び柿渋（水に対して１．０ v/v％を直接添加）を予めガラス瓶中に溶かし込み、それぞれの生育状況を比較した。生育状況は植物育成後の根元から第一葉までの長さを個体数１２の平均値として求めた（但し、対照（カフェイン無添加）の平均値を１００として換算する）。
【００２０】
レタス、二十日大根の上記実験結果は以下のとおりである。
上記実験結果から明らかなように、レタスの育成ではカフェイン１００ｐｐｍで１２％、カフェイン５００ｐｐｍで６８％の生育阻害がおこったが、１．０ v/v％の柿渋の添加によりいずれのガラス瓶もカフェインの白色沈殿を生じ、生育状況は対照と実質的に差がなかった。
また二十日大根の育成ではカフェイン５０ｐｐｍで１９％、カフェイン３００ｐｐｍで３６％の生育阻害がおこったが、レタスの場合と同様、１．０ v/v％の柿渋の添加でカフェインは白色沈殿物として除去され、生育は対照と実質的に差がなかった。
【００２３】
実施例 ２
下記工程で製造されるコーヒーエキスを抽出した後のコーヒー抽出粕をコーヒー粕として使用した：
この実験結果から、５０ｍｌ／コーヒー粕（Ｋｇ）程度の柿渋添加によりコーヒー粕中のカフェイン濃度を１／５以下に減少できることがわかった。
【００２４】
実施例 ３
実施例２で使用したコーヒー粕（カフェイン９５ｐｐｍ含有）を以下の（ａ）〜（ｄ）の方法でそれぞれ処理し、これらのコーヒー粕と土（「箱根土」と呼ばれるものを使用）を１：４の割合で混合した土壌でホウレン草と二十日大根の生育状況を比較した。なお、生育状況は植物育成後の重量を個体数の平均値として求めた（但し、対照（ａ）の平均値を１００として換算する）。
（ａ）コーヒー粕を全く使用しない場合（対照）
（ｂ）柿渋未処理のコーヒー粕を使用した場合
（ｃ）コーヒー粕１Ｋｇに対して柿渋原液５０ｍｌに相当する量を５ v/v％水溶液に稀釈して直接添加・混合した後、一晩（１２時間）放置した場合
（ｄ）（ｃ）の処理後、水洗し、柿渋や沈殿物を洗い流したもの
【００２５】
ホウレン草を上記の土壌で３６日間育成した結果、個体数１５の平均値は（ａ）１００±３５、（ｂ）０、（ｃ）１００±１８、（ｄ）０であった。（ｂ）の方法では全く生育しなかったが、（ｃ）の方法では対照区（ａ）と全く差がない程生育し、柿渋処理の効果が認められた。
また二十日大根を上記の土壌で４４日間育成した結果、個体数１０の平均値は（ａ）１００±１７、（ｂ）３０±１０、（ｃ）３５±１０、（ｄ）７２±２４であった。（ｂ）の方法と比較すると（ｄ）の方法で柿渋処理の効果が認められた。
【００２６】
実施例 ４
実施例３と同様にして（ａ）〜（ｄ）の方法で接触したコーヒー粕と土を１：２の割合で混合した土壌でホウレン草と二十日大根の生育状況を比較した。
【００２７】
ホウレン草を上記土壌で４４日間育成した結果、個体数１５の平均値は（ａ）１００±３３、（ｂ）０、（ｃ）１０２±１８、（ｄ）０で（ｃ）の方法で柿渋処理の効果が得られた。
また二十日大根を４４日間育成した結果、個体数１０の平均値は（ａ）１００±１８、（ｂ）３０±７、（ｃ）３４±６、（ｄ）７３±２５で（ｄ）の方法で柿渋処理の効果が得られた。
【００２８】
実施例 ５
実施例４の実験後、同じ植物を再度同じ条件の土壌に植え替え、さらに３５日間育成し、各植物の生育状況を比較した。
【００２９】
この場合のホウレン草の個体数１５の平均値は（ａ）１００±２１、（ｂ）４３±１４、（ｃ）１１８±２８、（ｄ）０であり、（ｃ）の方法で若干生育が促進した。
また、二十日大根の個体数２３の平均値は（ａ）１００±１２、（ｂ）７２±１１、（ｃ）７０±１６、（ｄ）１０９±６７であり、（ｃ）〜（ｄ）の方法で生育が促進した。
【００３０】
実施例 ６
コーヒー粕１Ｋｇ（カフェイン濃度９５ｐｐｍ）に水１ｌを加え、３０分間煮沸し、カフェインを完全に抽出した後、柿渋５０ｍｌを添加した。生成した凝集沈殿物を濾過・水洗後、柿渋−コーヒー粕沈殿物を得た。
この柿渋−コーヒー粕沈殿物の植物成長促進効果を確認するため、以下の（ａ）〜（ｃ）の区で二十日大根、ホウレン草の生育状況を比較した。なお生育状況は、植物育成後の重量を個体数の平均値として求めた（但し、（ａ）対照区の平均値を１００として換算する）。
（ａ）コーヒー粕を全く使用しない土のみの区（対照）
（ｂ）土に柿渋未処理のコーヒー粕を４：１の割合で添加した区
（ｃ）土に上記柿渋−コーヒー粕沈殿物を添加した区（土と上記柿渋−コーヒー粕沈殿物製造時に使用したコーヒー粕を４：１の割合とする）
【００３１】
二十日大根を上記（ａ）〜（ｃ）の土壌で４５日間育成した結果、個体数２０の平均値は（ａ）１００、（ｂ）１５、（ｃ）１１３で柿渋−コーヒー粕沈殿物（ｃ）の成長促進効果が認められた。
またホウレン草を上記（ａ）〜（ｃ）の土壌で４５日間育成した結果、個体数２０の平均値は（ａ）１００、（ｂ）２１、（ｃ）１１４で柿渋−コーヒー粕沈殿物（ｃ）の成長促進効果が認められた。
【００３２】
実施例 ７
実施例６の結果から柿渋−コーヒー粕沈殿物に植物成長促進効果が認められたので、市販のカフェインを用いて、柿渋−カフェイン沈殿物が、同様の効果を持つか否かについて検討した。
１％w/v のカフェイン水溶液１ｌを調整し、これに柿渋５０ｍｌを添加した後、生成した凝集沈殿物を濾過・水洗し、柿渋−カフェイン沈殿物を得た。
【００３３】
この柿渋−カフェイン沈殿物を用いて、実施例６と同じ方法で二十日大根、インゲン豆の生育状況を比較した。
（ａ）土のみの区（対照）
（ｂ）土に上記柿渋−カフェイン沈殿物を添加した区
二十日大根を上記（ａ），（ｂ）の土壌で４１日間育成した結果、個体数２０の平均値は（ａ）１００、（ｂ）１７３であった。添加区（ｂ）は対照区（ａ）と比較すると約１．７倍に成長し、明らかに柿渋−カフェイン沈殿物の成長促進効果が認められた。
またインゲン豆を上記（ａ），（ｂ）の土壌で３９日間育成した結果、個体数２０の平均値は（ａ）１００、（ｂ）２１５であった。添加区（ｂ）は対照区（ａ）と比較すると２倍以上に成長し、明らかに柿渋−カフェイン沈殿物の成長促進効果が認められた。
【００３４】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように本発明の肥料化法によれば柿渋による処理でカフェイン等の植物生育阻害物質を凝集させて低減させることができるので、カフェイン等の植物生育阻害物質を含有する食品産業廃棄物を早期に肥料化することができる。また、本発明の肥料化法によって得られた柿渋とカフェインの凝集沈殿物は優れた植物生育促進効果を有するので、植物生育促進物質として有効に利用することができる。
また、本発明の肥料化法によってカフェインを低減させたカフェイン含有食品産業廃棄物は植物生育を阻害しないので、有効に肥料として利用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例１において水栽培に使用したガラス瓶の概略図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for fertilizing caffeine-containing food industrial waste, and more specifically, by aggregating and reducing plant growth inhibitors such as caffeine by treating caffeine-containing food industrial waste with persimmon, The present invention relates to a method for fertilizing caffeine-containing food industrial waste at an early stage, and to a caffeine aggregated precipitate and caffeine-containing food industrial waste obtained by the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The amount of industrial waste discharged from domestic food factories per year is about 12 million tons, or about 3% of all industries. Among them, caffeine-containing food industry waste such as coffee lees is said to be about 130,000 tons, and about 60% of these are conventionally disposed of by contractors (Coffee Market, Teikoku Food Newspaper) , September 5, 1993 issue).
[0003]
However, recently, recycling of these industrial wastes has been desired due to social and global problems such as environmental destruction.
[0004]
For example, the following methods have been considered for reusing caffeine-containing food waste such as coffee lees:
(1) Carbonize to make activated carbon or coffee charcoal.
(2) Cover with a vinyl sheet, etc. and leave it for 3 to 5 months, compost using microorganisms to make a special fertilizer.
(3) Mixing with cow dung and so on to produce fully-ripened compost has the effect of preventing the generation of bad odors, so it is mixed with rice straw and rice straw to compost livestock dung (Monthly Food Chemical, No. 9, 103 (1995) , Asai et al .: Livestock research, No. 49, No. 6, 70
4-706 (1995)).
(4) Since coffee straw compost increases the actinomycetes density and shows an antagonistic effect against pathogens, it is used as a fertilizer resistant to diseases (Kito et al .: Japanese Society of Soil Fertilizers, Vol. 39, Part II, 323 ( 1993)).
[0005]
However, each method needs to be left for at least 3 to 5 months, and has several problems such as odor problems and securing of a place to leave.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the current state of the prior art, the present inventors have considered using caffeine-containing food wastes such as coffee lees discharged from factories or homes for a long time without leaving them for a long time. It was. In this case, the problem of caffeine contained in the waste must be solved. Caffeine has selective toxicity, and at a concentration of 1600 ppm, it does not inhibit the germination and growth of leguminous plants (Coleoptera, Caladium peas) at all, but germination of plants other than legumes (Haribiyu, Karasugi, Inubibie), respectively. 100, 73, 20% inhibition (SJH Rizvi, D. Mukerji and SN Mathur, Agric. Biol. Chem., 45 (5), 1225-1226 (1981)).
Addition of coffee lees suppresses the growth of Italian ryegrass and white clover by application of 1 w / w% or more, and application of 2 w / w% suppresses the growth of Komatsuna, sengoku and tomatoes (Kitou et al .: Japan) Abstracts of Soil Fertilizer Society, Vol. 39, Part II, 323 (1993)).
[0007]
Thus, caffeine-containing food waste is required to reduce the concentration of caffeine in the waste because of its growth-inhibiting action on the plant that caffeine has.
[0008]
The present invention was devised to solve the problems of the prior art, and its object is to aggregate and reduce plant growth inhibitors such as caffeine in caffeine-containing food waste. Therefore, it is providing the method of fertilizing the said waste material at an early stage. Another object of the present invention is to effectively use the caffeine aggregated precipitate and caffeine-containing food industry waste obtained by the fertilizer method.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the means for reducing plant growth inhibitory substances such as caffeine in food industry wastes in order to achieve this object, the present inventors have found It was found that there was a binding ability, and the present invention was completed. Further, the present inventors have found that caffeine aggregated precipitate combined with persimmon astringent and caffeine-containing food industrial waste reduced in caffeine by persimmon astringency are useful as a plant growth promoting substance and a fertilizer, respectively. It was completed.
[0010]
The present invention relates to a caffeine aggregated precipitate combined with persimmon astringent, characterized by being used as a plant growth promoting substance, and a method for producing the same.
[0011]
The persimmon astringent used in the present invention refers to a liquid obtained by fermenting and filtering the juice squeezed from the young fruit of the persimmon. Persimmon astringent is also known as persimmon tannin, persimmon extract, and the main component is condensed tannin. The same condensed type tannin is also contained in persimmon astringent extract. Condensed tannins from Astringent Shibu have a property of aggregating with proteins and alkaloids at room temperature, and are composed of high-molecular polyphenols that do not inhibit plant growth. In the sake industry, the protein quality of sake is lowered using the properties of the persimmon, but the fertilizer method of the present invention also uses this unique property.
[0012]
The caffeine-containing food industrial waste subject to the fertilizer conversion method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains caffeine. For example, coffee candy, tea (hikicha, gyokuro, sencha, bancha, oolong tea) , Black tea, dancha, etc.), kola fruit extract, cacao seed extract, and the like.
[0013]
In the fertilizer conversion method of the present invention, the contact method between the persimmon astringent and the caffeine-containing food industrial waste is not particularly limited. For example, by washing the caffeine-containing food industrial waste with the persimmon astringent, Can be directly mixed, or by mixing caffeine-containing food industry waste with soil added with persimmon astringency. In addition, the caffeine aggregation precipitate combined with the persimmon astringent obtained by the contact and the caffeine-containing food industrial waste in which the caffeine is reduced by the persimmon astringent can be effectively used as a plant growth promoting substance and a fertilizer, respectively.
[0014]
The amount of persimmon astringent used in the fertilization method of the present invention varies depending on the purpose of use and the like. For example, when composting coffee koji, it is used at a rate of 10 to 100 ml, preferably 20 to 50 ml, per 1 kg of coffee koji. be able to.
If the amount of persimmon astringent is less than the above range, the effect of reducing the caffeine concentration is poor, and if it exceeds the above range, even if a large amount of caffeine can be removed, it is not preferable because it costs high.
[0015]
The fertilizer of caffeine-containing food industrial waste produced by the fertilizer method of the present invention can be used by mixing with soil in an appropriate ratio according to the purpose of use, and the target plant is spinach, radish It can be widely used not only for vegetables such as fruit trees and flowers.
[0016]
As a result of various fractions of persimmon, the present inventors have found that persimmon has a fraction that does not bind at all to a fraction that has a high binding ability to caffeine (aggregation precipitation). In addition, it is known that persimmon astringents remove not only caffeine but also other alkaloids and proteins that affect plant growth.
This is because persimmon polyphenols have a wide molecular weight distribution and thus have different binding capacities.
By utilizing such properties of persimmon astringency, it is possible to efficiently remove a desired plant growth inhibitory substance.
[0017]
【Example】
The present invention will be specifically described by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0018]
As for Shibubu, a colloid titration value of 150 according to the National Tax Agency specified analysis method (published by the Japan Brewing Association, fourth edition in 1993) was used. In addition, caffeine was quantified using a liquid chromatography under the following conditions as a peak area ratio with the caffeine standard solution:
Column: ODS-5 (Novel Chemical Co., Ltd. Develosil ODS-HG-5)
4.6φ × 150mm
Solvent: methanol / water = 15: 85
Flow rate: 1 ml / min
Detector: 254 nm
[0019]
Example 1
Lettuce, 20-day radish seeds (manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Seed Co., Ltd.) were immersed in water for 2 days to germinate, then replanted into a glass bottle as shown in FIG. It was placed under the armpit 40 cm and grown for 10 days. At that time, a predetermined amount of caffeine (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., using anhydrous caffeine first grade reagent) and persimmon shibu (1.0 v / v% directly added to water) were previously dissolved in a glass bottle, The growth situation was compared. The growth situation was determined by calculating the length from the root to the first leaf after plant growth as the average value of 12 individuals (however, the average value of the control (no caffeine added) was converted to 100).
[0020]
The experimental results of lettuce and daikon radish are as follows.
As is clear from the above experimental results, growth of lettuce was inhibited by 12% at 100 ppm caffeine and 68% at 500 ppm caffeine. A white precipitate of caffeine was produced, and the growth status was not substantially different from the control.
In addition, the growth of 20-day radish inhibited 19% of caffeine at 50 ppm and 36% of caffeine at 36 ppm, but as with lettuce, caffeine was added by adding 1.0 v / v% persimmon astringency. It was removed as a white precipitate and the growth was not substantially different from the control.
[0023]
Example 2
The coffee extract after extraction of the coffee extract produced in the following process was used as the coffee extract:
From this experimental result, it was found that the concentration of caffeine in the coffee koji can be reduced to 1/5 or less by adding koji astringent of about 50 ml / coffee koji (Kg).
[0024]
Example 3
The coffee koji (containing 95 ppm of caffeine) used in Example 2 was treated by the following methods (a) to (d), respectively, and these coffee koji and soil (using what is called “Hakone soil”) 1 : The growth situation of spinach and 20 days radish was compared in soil mixed at a ratio of 4. In addition, the growth situation calculated | required the weight after plant growth as an average value of an individual number (however, it converts into the average value of a control (a) as 100).
(A) When not using coffee at all (control)
(B) When untreated coffee cake is used (c) After 1 kg of coffee cake is diluted and directly added / mixed in a 5 v / v% aqueous solution, the amount corresponding to 50 ml of koji shibu stock is overnight ( (12 hours) When left standing (d) After washing in (c), washed with water, washed away strawberries and precipitates.
As a result of growing spinach on the above soil for 36 days, the average value of the population 15 was (a) 100 ± 35, (b) 0, (c) 100 ± 18, (d) 0. Although the method (b) did not grow at all, the method (c) grew so that there was no difference from the control group (a), and the effect of the astringency treatment was recognized.
Moreover, as a result of growing 20 days radish in the above soil for 44 days, the average number of individuals 10 was (a) 100 ± 17, (b) 30 ± 10, (c) 35 ± 10, (d) 72 ± 24. Met. Compared with the method (b), the method (d) showed the effect of the astringent astringent treatment.
[0026]
Example 4
In the same manner as in Example 3, the growth status of spinach and radish was compared in a soil in which coffee mash and soil contacted by the methods (a) to (d) were mixed at a ratio of 1: 2.
[0027]
As a result of growing spinach in the above soil for 44 days, the average value of the population 15 is (a) 100 ± 33, (b) 0, (c) 102 ± 18, (d) 0 and the method of (c) The effect of was obtained.
Moreover, as a result of growing 20 days radish for 44 days, the average number of individuals 10 was (a) 100 ± 18, (b) 30 ± 7, (c) 34 ± 6, (d) 73 ± 25 (d) The effect of the astringent astringent treatment was obtained by this method.
[0028]
Example 5
After the experiment of Example 4, the same plant was replanted again in the soil under the same conditions, and further grown for 35 days, and the growth status of each plant was compared.
[0029]
In this case, the average value of spinach 15 is (a) 100 ± 21, (b) 43 ± 14, (c) 118 ± 28, (d) 0, and the growth of (c) is slightly promoted. did.
Moreover, the average value of the number of individuals of radish 20 is (a) 100 ± 12, (b) 72 ± 11, (c) 70 ± 16, (d) 109 ± 67, and (c) to (d ) The growth was promoted by the method.
[0030]
Example 6
1 Kg of coffee koji (caffeine concentration 95 ppm) was added with 1 l of water and boiled for 30 minutes to completely extract caffeine, and then 50 ml of koji astringent was added. The produced aggregated precipitate was filtered and washed with water to obtain a coffee astringent-coffee coffee precipitate.
In order to confirm the plant growth promoting effect of this persimmon astringent-coffee persimmon precipitate, the growth conditions of radish and spinach were compared in the following sections (a) to (c). In addition, the growth situation calculated | required the weight after plant growth as an average value of an individual number (however, (a) it converts into the average value of a control plot as 100).
(A) A soil-only plot that does not use any coffee mash (control)
(B) A section where 4% of untreated coffee cake is added to the soil. (C) A section where the coffee cake-coffee cake precipitate is added to the soil (used when producing the soil and the coffee cake-coffee cake precipitate). 4: 1 ratio of coffee brewed coffee)
[0031]
As a result of growing daikon radish for 45 days in the soils of (a) to (c) above, the average number of individuals was 20 (a) 100, (b) 15, and (c) 113. The growth promoting effect of (c) was recognized.
In addition, as a result of growing spinach on the soils of (a) to (c) above for 45 days, the average value of the population 20 was (a) 100, (b) 21, (c) 114, and the coffee astringent-coffee cake precipitate (c ) Was observed to promote growth.
[0032]
Example 7
From the result of Example 6, since the plant growth promotion effect was recognized in the persimmon astringent-coffee persimmon precipitate, it was examined whether the persimmon astringent-caffeine precipitate had the same effect using commercially available caffeine. .
After preparing 1 liter of 1% w / v caffeine aqueous solution and adding 50 ml of persimmon astringent thereto, the resulting aggregated precipitate was filtered and washed with water to obtain persimmon astringent-caffeine precipitate.
[0033]
Using this persimmon astringent-caffeine precipitate, the growth status of radish and kidney beans were compared in the same manner as in Example 6.
(A) Soil only ward (control)
(B) As a result of growing the 20 days radish in the soil (a), (b) for 41 days, the average value of the number of individuals is (a) 100, (B) 173. The added group (b) grew about 1.7 times compared to the control group (a), and the growth promoting effect of the persimmon astringent-caffeine precipitate was clearly observed.
Moreover, as a result of growing kidney beans in the soil of the above (a), (b) for 39 days, the average number of individuals 20 was (a) 100, (b) 215. The added group (b) grew more than twice as compared with the control group (a), and the growth promoting effect of the persimmon astringent-caffeine precipitate was clearly observed.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the fertilizer method of the present invention, plant growth inhibitory substances such as caffeine can be aggregated and reduced by treatment with persimmon astringent, and therefore food containing plant growth inhibitory substances such as caffeine Industrial waste can be fertilized early. In addition, the agglomerate and caffeine agglomerated precipitate obtained by the fertilizer method of the present invention has an excellent plant growth promoting effect and can be effectively used as a plant growth promoting substance.
In addition, the caffeine-containing food industrial waste in which caffeine is reduced by the fertilizer method of the present invention does not inhibit plant growth and can be effectively used as a fertilizer.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a schematic diagram of a glass bottle used for hydroponics in Example 1. FIG.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05995297A JP3876038B2 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-26 | Caffeine aggregation precipitate combined with persimmon and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8-69241 | 1996-02-28 | ||
| JP6924196 | 1996-02-28 | ||
| JP05995297A JP3876038B2 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-26 | Caffeine aggregation precipitate combined with persimmon and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1029884A JPH1029884A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
| JP3876038B2 true JP3876038B2 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
Family
ID=26401016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05995297A Expired - Fee Related JP3876038B2 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-26 | Caffeine aggregation precipitate combined with persimmon and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3876038B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0521993D0 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2005-12-07 | Plant Impact Plc | Agricultural composition |
-
1997
- 1997-02-26 JP JP05995297A patent/JP3876038B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1029884A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ansari et al. | Effect of vermiwash and vermicompost on soil parameters and productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Guyana | |
| Thorup-Kristensen | The effect of nitrogen catch crops on the nitrogen nutrition of a succeeding crop: I. Effects through mineralization and pre-emptive competition | |
| Padmapriya et al. | Coffee waste management-An overview | |
| Lunt | Digested sewage sludge for soil improvement | |
| Moradi et al. | Effect of vermicompost on plant growth and its relationship with soil properties | |
| Tamrabet et al. | The effect of sewage sludge application on durum wheat (Triticum durum). | |
| Simard et al. | Effects of de-inking paper sludges on soil properties and crop yields | |
| Reed et al. | Field evaluation of inorganic and chelated iron fertilizers as foliar sprays and soil application | |
| Ingham | Effect of materials absorbed from the atmosphere in maintaining soil fertility | |
| Chandra | Organic manures | |
| Erhart et al. | Mulching with compost improves growth of blue spruce in Christmas tree plantations | |
| Blankenau et al. | Effect of microbial nitrogen immobilization during the growth period on the availability of nitrogen fertilizer for winter cereals | |
| Liebhardt | Soil characteristics and corn yield as affected by previous applications of poultry manure | |
| JP3876038B2 (en) | Caffeine aggregation precipitate combined with persimmon and method for producing the same | |
| Fourie et al. | Effect of irrigation with diluted winery wastewater on the performance of two grass cover crops in vineyards | |
| Gondek et al. | Mineral composition of fruits and leaves of San Andreas® everbearing strawberry in soilless cultivation | |
| JPH04114985A (en) | Production of odorless compost composed of livestock manure or fish meal and a composition containing polyphenol component | |
| JP2004338974A (en) | Liquid fertilizer, and its production method | |
| Giordano et al. | Yield and heavy metal content of several vegetable species grown in soil amended with sewage sludge | |
| Xavier et al. | Application of wastewater for production of lettuce ('Lactuca sativa') in hydroponic system | |
| Lu et al. | Nutrient status of corn as affected by application of newsprint and nitrogen source | |
| Hue et al. | Chlorosis in macadamia as affected by phosphate fertilization and soil properties1 | |
| Hoagland | Molybdenum in relation to plant growth | |
| US11864561B1 (en) | Multipurpose fertilizer composition having anti-insect properties, water-retaining, and capable of improving to absorb micronutrients for plants | |
| Anderson et al. | Effects of soil, cultivation history and weather on responses of wheat to fertilizers in Northern Tanzania |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20040209 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20060516 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20060704 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20060830 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20061020 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20061030 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101102 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101102 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111102 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121102 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121102 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131102 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |