JP3861264B2 - Tofu additive - Google Patents
Tofu additive Download PDFInfo
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- JP3861264B2 JP3861264B2 JP2002340112A JP2002340112A JP3861264B2 JP 3861264 B2 JP3861264 B2 JP 3861264B2 JP 2002340112 A JP2002340112 A JP 2002340112A JP 2002340112 A JP2002340112 A JP 2002340112A JP 3861264 B2 JP3861264 B2 JP 3861264B2
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- tofu
- coagulant
- soymilk
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- soy milk
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は豆腐類の製造時に使用する添加剤に関するものである。更に詳しくは、豆腐類の製造時に発生する泡を減らし、さらに豆腐類の弾力を増して美味しい豆腐類を得る添加剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
豆腐の製造は、大豆を水中に浸漬して膨潤させ、これをグラインダーなどで磨砕して出来たスラリー(呉と言う)を直火または高圧蒸気で加熱し、ついで濾過して豆乳とオカラに分離する。この豆乳に凝固剤を添加して攪拌し、凝固させて豆腐を得る。呉を加熱前に豆乳とオカラに分離して、豆乳のみ加熱する方法もある(生しぼり法と言われる)。
いずれの製法でも、加熱時および凝固剤との混合時に大豆に含まれるサポニンなどにより著しく発泡するので、消泡剤が使用されている。
【0003】
現在、最も汎用されている消泡剤は、親油性乳化剤であるグリセリン脂肪酸エステル中にレシチン、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウムなどを配合した粉末、ないし液状製剤でシリコーン樹脂を含むものもある。
【0004】
また、凝固剤としては、塩化マグネシウム(ニガリの主成分である)、硫酸カルシウム(スマシ粉とも言われる)、グルコノ−δ−ラクトンなどが使用されている。
このうち、塩化マグネシウムが豆腐の風味に最も好ましく、古くから使用されているが、塩化マグネシウムは水溶性が高いため、豆乳との反応性が早く、豆乳を均一に凝固させるのが大変難しい。
【0005】
従来、塩化マグネシウムやニガリを硬化油やグリセリン脂肪酸エステルで被覆する方法は知られているが、この方法では硬化油やグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの融点が60℃以上ないと被覆した製剤が粉末化出来ない。しかしながら、融点が60℃以上の硬化油やグリセリン脂肪酸エステルでは、豆乳の温度によっては被覆している硬化油やグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの溶解が不十分で、豆乳の凝固に長時間かかり過ぎたり、十分に凝固しないという難点が見られる。
近年、この塩化マグネシウムと豆乳との反応をコントロールするため、塩化マグネシウム水溶液を油脂でW/O型に乳化した製剤が市販されているが、このW/O乳化に使用されている親油性乳化剤はポリグリセリン縮合リシノール酸エステルと言われ、脂肪酸が食用ではないヒマシ油由来の脂肪酸である。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
豆乳の加熱時に発生する泡の消泡(一次消泡とも言う)は、現在の消泡剤でかなりの効果が認められるが、豆乳と凝固剤を混合する際に発生する泡の消泡(二次消泡とも言う)には、不充分でシリコーン樹脂を乳化したものが、追加使用されている。しかし、このシリコーン樹脂の安全性を危惧する意見も多い。
本発明では、シリコーン樹脂を使用しないで、この二次消泡を完結することを目標とした。
【0007】
凝固剤については、塩化マグネシウムの良さを残し、塩化マグネシウムと豆乳との反応性を遅らせることにより、安全な凝固剤を提供することを目標とした。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決する方法について鋭意検討、試験した結果、親水性乳化剤であるステアロイル乳酸ナトリウムを、またはこれをポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルと共に、呉の加熱時および/または豆乳を凝固剤と混合する時に添加すると、シリコーン樹脂を使用しないでも二次消泡が完結することを見いだした。
【0009】
さらに、本発明による親水性乳化剤であるステアロイル乳酸ナトリウムを、またはこれをポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルと共に添加した場合、塩化マグネシウムが豆乳と反応する速度を遅らせ、結果として、均一で美味しい豆腐が失敗なく製造できることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
本発明による親水性乳化剤であるステアロイル乳酸ナトリウムは、ステアリン酸と乳酸が反応したステアロイル乳酸のナトリウム塩である。欧米ではパンの改良剤、油脂の乳化剤として使用されている。
豆腐の製造に使用する場合の添加量は、使用する生大豆に対して0.01〜10.00重量%、好ましくは0.03〜2.00重量%である
0.01%以下では、消泡効果および塩化マグネシウムの豆乳との反応性の遅延効果が不充分であり、10.00重量%以上であると、塩化マグネシウムの豆乳との反応が遅くなりすぎて、豆腐の製造には不適当である。
添加方法は、粉末であるので、そのまま呉の加熱前に加えるか、豆乳と凝固剤との混合時に加えても良い。
本発明品のみでは、一次消泡は不充分であるので、あらかじめ市販の消泡剤と混合しても良いし、二次消泡が目的であるので、あらかじめ凝固剤と混合しても良い。
【0011】
本発明においてステアロイル乳酸ナトリウムと併用される親水性乳化剤であるポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルは、ソルビトールと脂肪酸を加熱して反応させるが、この際、ソルビトールが加熱により分子内脱水を起こし、ソルビタンおよびソルバイドになる。このソルビタン脂肪酸エステルに平均20モルの酸化エチレンを付加させたものである。
ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルの脂肪酸は、食用動物油脂、食用植物油脂およびこれらの硬化油から分解して得られるパルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸の1種以上が、風味上および安全上好ましい。
欧米ではアイスクリームの乳化剤、香料の乳化剤として使用されている。
豆腐の製造に使用する場合の添加量は、使用する生大豆に対して0.01〜10.00重量%、好ましくは0.03〜2.00重量%である。
0.01%以下では、消泡効果および塩化マグネシウムの豆乳との反応性の遅延効果が不充分であり、10.00重量%以上であると、塩化マグネシウムの豆乳との反応が遅くなりすぎて、豆腐の製造には不適当である。
添加方法は、そのまま呉の加熱前に加えるか、豆乳と凝固剤との混合時に加えても良い。
本発明品のみでは、一次消泡は不充分であるので、あらかじめ市販の消泡剤と混合しても良いし、二次消泡が目的であるので、あらかじめ凝固剤と混合しても良い。
【0012】
本発明による添加剤を使用して製造する豆腐類としては絹ごし豆腐、木綿豆腐、油揚げ、厚揚げなどが対象となる。
以下、本発明による実施例及び比較例を示すが、本発明はこの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0013】
【実施例】
実施例1、2
表1の添加量で本発明品を豆乳の凝固時に凝固剤とあらかじめ混合して添加した。豆腐の製造は市販丸大豆50gに水150mlを加え20時間室温で浸漬し、120gの浸漬大豆を得た。この浸漬大豆を水300gと共にミキサーで1分間磨砕する。これをなべに移し、シリコーン樹脂を含まない市販消泡剤0.4gを加え、電熱器上で呉の沸騰後5分間加熱する。
すぐに、二重にした木綿の袋に入れて、豆乳とオカラを分離し、豆乳200gを得た。この豆乳を65〜70°Cに保ち、塩化マグネシウム0.6gを水2mlに溶かした凝固剤を、攪拌しつつ添加し、そのままの温度で30分保持した。
評価は豆乳と凝固剤を混合して静置した際の泡の消え方、豆乳の凝固速度、豆乳と凝固剤を混合した時の状態、出来た豆腐の内相、豆腐の弾力で行なった。
泡の消え方は、豆乳が強固した際に表面に泡の全く残っていない場合を◎、わずかに残っている場合を○、かなり残っている場合を△とした。
比較例1として、本発明品を加えないで、実施例1、2と同様に豆腐を製造した。
【0014】
【表1】
パネラー評価の方法
豆腐の弾力は3人の専門パネラーが評価し、最も良いを5点、やや良いを4点、普
通を3点、やや劣るを2点、最も劣るを1点とした合計点で表わした。
従って、点数の多い方が豆腐に弾力があることを示している。
【0015】
表1の結果から明らかなように、本発明品を添加した実施例1、2は、豆乳を凝固剤と混合した際に生ずる泡を消すことが出来た。さらに豆乳と凝固剤の反応を穏やかにし、結果として内相が均一で弾力のある豆腐が得られた。
一方、比較例1では、豆乳と凝固剤の混合時に生ずる泡の消え方が不充分で、かつ豆乳と凝固剤の反応が速いので、豆腐の内相が不均一になり、弾力も少ない豆腐となった。
【0016】
実施例3、4
表2の添加量で本発明品を呉の加熱時に市販の消泡剤とあらかじめ混合して添加した。豆腐の製造は市販丸大豆50gに水150mlを加え20時間室温で浸漬し、118gの浸漬大豆を得た。この浸漬大豆を水300gと共にミキサーで1分間磨砕する。これをなべに移し、シリコーン樹脂を含まない市販消泡剤0.4gを加え、電熱器上で呉の沸騰後5分間加熱する。
すぐに、二重にした木綿の袋に入れて、豆乳とオカラを分離し、豆乳180gを得た。この豆乳を70〜75°Cに保ち、塩化マグネシウム0.6gを水2mlに溶かした凝固剤を、攪拌しつつ添加し、そのままの温度で30分保持した。
評価は実施例1、2と同様に行なった。
比較例2として、本発明品を加えないで、実施例3、4と同様に豆腐を製造した。
【0017】
【表2】
パネラー評価の方法
豆腐の弾力は3人の専門パネラーが評価し、最も良いを5点、やや良いを4点、普
通を3点、やや劣るを2点、最も劣るを1点とした合計点で表わした。
従って、点数の多い方が豆腐に弾力があることを示している。
【0018】
表2の結果から明らかなように、本発明品を添加した実施例3、4は、豆乳を凝固剤と混合した際に生ずる泡を消すことが出来た。さらに豆乳と凝固剤の反応を穏やかにし、結果として内相が均一で弾力のある豆腐が得られた。
一方、比較例2では、豆乳と凝固剤の混合時に生ずる泡の消え方が不充分で、かつ豆乳と凝固剤の反応が速いので、豆腐の内相が不均一になり、弾力も少ない豆腐となった。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
上記したように、本発明によればステアロイル乳酸ナトリウムを、またはこれをポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルと併用して呉の加熱時または豆乳と凝固剤の混合時に添加すると、豆乳と凝固剤の混合によって生ずる泡を消し、さらに豆乳と反応性の速い凝固剤である塩化マグネシウムの反応性を遅らせ、結果として、内相が均一で弾力のある豆腐を製造することが出来る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an additive used when producing tofu. More specifically, the present invention relates to an additive for obtaining delicious tofu by reducing bubbles generated during production of tofu and further increasing the elasticity of tofu.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Tofu is made by immersing soybeans in water and swelling them, and grinding them with a grinder, etc., heating the slurry (called Kure) with direct fire or high-pressure steam, and then filtering it into soymilk and okara. To separate. A coagulant is added to this soy milk, stirred and coagulated to obtain tofu. There is also a method in which kyu is separated into soy milk and okara before heating, and only soy milk is heated (referred to as a raw squeezing method).
In any of the production methods, an antifoaming agent is used because foaming is remarkably caused by saponin contained in soybeans when heated and mixed with a coagulant.
[0003]
At present, the most widely used antifoaming agents include powders in which lecithin, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and the like are blended in a glycerin fatty acid ester, which is a lipophilic emulsifier, or a liquid preparation containing a silicone resin.
[0004]
As the coagulant, magnesium chloride (which is the main component of bittern), calcium sulfate (also referred to as smash powder), glucono-δ-lactone, and the like are used.
Among these, magnesium chloride is most preferable for the flavor of tofu and has been used for a long time. However, since magnesium chloride is highly water-soluble, it is highly reactive with soy milk and it is very difficult to coagulate soy milk uniformly.
[0005]
Conventionally, a method of coating magnesium chloride or bittern with hardened oil or glycerin fatty acid ester is known, but in this method, the coated preparation cannot be powdered unless the melting point of the hardened oil or glycerin fatty acid ester is 60 ° C. or higher. However, with hardened oils and glycerin fatty acid esters having a melting point of 60 ° C. or higher, depending on the temperature of the soymilk, the coating of the hardened oil or glycerin fatty acid ester is insufficiently dissolved, and it takes too long to solidify the soymilk. The difficulty of not solidifying is seen.
In recent years, in order to control the reaction between magnesium chloride and soy milk, a preparation in which an aqueous magnesium chloride solution is emulsified with oils and fats in a W / O type is commercially available. The lipophilic emulsifier used in this W / O emulsification is It is said to be polyglycerin-condensed ricinoleic acid ester and is a fatty acid derived from castor oil whose fatty acid is not edible.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Foam defoaming that occurs when soy milk is heated (also called primary defoaming) is recognized to be quite effective with current antifoaming agents. However, foam defoaming that occurs when soymilk and a coagulant are mixed (2) For the next defoaming), an insufficient and emulsified silicone resin is additionally used. However, many are concerned about the safety of this silicone resin.
In the present invention, the goal was to complete this secondary defoaming without using a silicone resin.
[0007]
With regard to the coagulant, the goal was to provide a safe coagulant by leaving the goodness of magnesium chloride and delaying the reactivity between magnesium chloride and soy milk.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies and tests on the method for solving the above problems, the present inventor has found that sodium stearoyl lactate, which is a hydrophilic emulsifier , or this together with polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan fatty acid ester , during heating of Kure and / or It was found that secondary defoaming was completed without adding silicone resin when soymilk was added when mixed with a coagulant.
[0009]
Furthermore, if sodium stearoyl lactylate is a hydrophilic emulsifier according to the invention, or which was added with polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan fatty acid esters, slow the rate at which magnesium chloride is reacted with soy milk, as a result, good uniform Tofu Has been found to be able to be produced without failure, and the present invention has been completed.
[0010]
Sodium stearoyl lactate, which is a hydrophilic emulsifier according to the present invention, is a sodium salt of stearoyl lactic acid obtained by reacting stearic acid and lactic acid. In Europe and the United States, it is used as a bread improver and an oil and fat emulsifier.
When used for the production of tofu, the amount added is 0.01 to 10.00% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 2.00% by weight, based on the raw soybean to be used. The foaming effect and the delayed effect of the reactivity of magnesium chloride with soy milk are insufficient, and if it is 10.00% by weight or more, the reaction with magnesium chloride of soy milk becomes too slow, which is inappropriate for the production of tofu. It is.
Since the addition method is a powder, it may be added as it is before heating the kure or may be added at the time of mixing the soy milk and the coagulant.
Since the primary defoaming is insufficient with the product of the present invention alone, it may be mixed with a commercially available antifoaming agent in advance, or it may be mixed with a coagulant in advance because secondary defoaming is intended.
[0011]
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan fatty acid ester to the present invention is a hydrophilic emulsifier in combination with Oite sodium stearoyl lactylate is reacted by heating sorbitol and fatty acids, this time, the intramolecular dehydration sorbitol by heating Raises and becomes sorbitan and sorbide. An average of 20 moles of ethylene oxide is added to this sorbitan fatty acid ester.
As for the fatty acid of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan fatty acid ester, at least one of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid obtained by decomposing from edible animal fats and oils, edible vegetable fats and oils, and flavor and safety preferable.
In Europe and the United States, it is used as an emulsifier for ice cream and fragrance.
When used for the production of tofu, the addition amount is 0.01 to 10.00% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 2.00% by weight, based on the raw soybean to be used.
If it is 0.01% or less, the defoaming effect and the delay effect of the reactivity with magnesium chloride soymilk are insufficient, and if it is 10.00% by weight or more, the reaction with magnesium chloride soymilk becomes too slow. It is unsuitable for the production of tofu.
The addition method may be added as it is before heating the kure or may be added at the time of mixing the soy milk and the coagulant.
Since the primary defoaming is insufficient with the product of the present invention alone, it may be mixed with a commercially available antifoaming agent in advance, or it may be mixed with a coagulant in advance because secondary defoaming is intended .
[0012]
Examples of tofu produced using the additive according to the present invention include silken tofu, cotton tofu, fried oil, deep fried food, and the like.
EXAMPLES Examples and comparative examples according to the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0013]
【Example】
Example 1 , 2
The product of the present invention was added in advance in the amount of Table 1 after being mixed with a coagulant when the soymilk was coagulated. Tofu was prepared by adding 150 ml of water to 50 g of commercially available whole soybeans and soaking at room temperature for 20 hours to obtain 120 g of soaking soybeans. This soaked soybean is ground with a mixer for 300 minutes with 300 g of water. This is transferred to a pan, 0.4 g of a commercially available antifoaming agent not containing a silicone resin is added, and heated on the electric heater for 5 minutes after boiling of Kure.
Immediately, it was put in a double cotton bag, soymilk and okara were separated, and 200 g of soymilk was obtained. The soymilk was kept at 65 to 70 ° C., and a coagulant in which 0.6 g of magnesium chloride was dissolved in 2 ml of water was added with stirring, and kept at that temperature for 30 minutes.
The evaluation was performed based on the disappearance of bubbles when the soymilk and the coagulant were mixed and allowed to stand, the coagulation rate of the soymilk, the state when the soymilk and the coagulant were mixed, the internal phase of the tofu produced, and the elasticity of the tofu.
As for the disappearance of the foam, when the soymilk was firm, ◎ was given when no foam remained on the surface, ◯ when the foam remained slightly, and △ when the soymilk remained.
As Comparative Example 1, tofu was produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 without adding the product of the present invention.
[0014]
[Table 1]
Paneler evaluation method The elasticity of tofu was evaluated by 3 expert panelists, and the best score was 5 points, 4 points for better, 3 points for normal, 2 points for slightly inferior, 1 point for the worst. It was expressed as
Therefore, the one with a higher score indicates that the tofu has elasticity.
[0015]
As is apparent from the results in Table 1, Examples 1 and 2 to which the product of the present invention was added were able to eliminate foam generated when soymilk was mixed with a coagulant. Furthermore, the reaction between the soy milk and the coagulant was moderated, and as a result, a tofu with a uniform internal phase and elasticity was obtained.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, since the disappearance of bubbles generated when mixing soymilk and the coagulant is insufficient and the reaction between the soymilk and the coagulant is fast, the internal phase of the tofu becomes uneven and the tofu has little elasticity. became.
[0016]
Examples 3 and 4
The product of the present invention was added in advance with a commercially available antifoaming agent in the amount of addition shown in Table 2 when heating Kure. Tofu was prepared by adding 150 ml of water to 50 g of commercially available whole soybeans and immersing at room temperature for 20 hours to obtain 118 g of immersed soybeans. This soaked soybean is ground with a mixer for 300 minutes with 300 g of water. This is transferred to a pan, 0.4 g of a commercially available antifoaming agent not containing a silicone resin is added, and heated on the electric heater for 5 minutes after boiling of Kure.
Immediately, it was put into a doubled cotton bag, soy milk and okara were separated, and 180 g of soy milk was obtained. The soymilk was kept at 70 to 75 ° C., and a coagulant in which 0.6 g of magnesium chloride was dissolved in 2 ml of water was added with stirring, and kept at that temperature for 30 minutes.
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 .
As Comparative Example 2, tofu was produced in the same manner as in Examples 3 and 4 without adding the product of the present invention.
[0017]
[Table 2]
Paneler evaluation method The elasticity of tofu was evaluated by 3 expert panelists, and the best score was 5 points, 4 points for better, 3 points for normal, 2 points for slightly inferior, 1 point for the worst. It was expressed as
Therefore, the one with a higher score indicates that the tofu has elasticity.
[0018]
As is apparent from the results in Table 2, Examples 3 and 4 to which the product of the present invention was added were able to eliminate foam generated when soymilk was mixed with a coagulant. Furthermore, the reaction between the soy milk and the coagulant was moderated, and as a result, a tofu with a uniform internal phase and elasticity was obtained.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, since the disappearance of bubbles generated when mixing soymilk and the coagulant is insufficient, and the reaction between the soymilk and the coagulant is fast, the internal phase of the tofu becomes uneven and the tofu with less elasticity became.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when stearoyl sodium lactate or this is used in combination with polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan fatty acid ester and added when heating Kure or mixing soymilk and coagulant, soymilk and coagulant In addition, the reaction of magnesium chloride, which is a coagulant having a high reactivity with soy milk, is delayed, and as a result, a tofu with a uniform internal phase and elasticity can be produced.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
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JP2002340112A JP3861264B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2002-10-21 | Tofu additive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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JP2002340112A JP3861264B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2002-10-21 | Tofu additive |
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JP2004141126A JP2004141126A (en) | 2004-05-20 |
JP3861264B2 true JP3861264B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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JP2002340112A Expired - Fee Related JP3861264B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2002-10-21 | Tofu additive |
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JP (1) | JP3861264B2 (en) |
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JP2004141126A (en) | 2004-05-20 |
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