JP3859554B2 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an incinerator, more specifically, an exhaust gas reverse flow type that decomposes harmful components of exhaust gas by circulating the exhaust gas backward and circulates in a high-temperature atmosphere, and discharges exhaust gas that is harmless to the environment. Related to incinerators.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an incinerator that incinerates industrial waste and general waste, production of dioxins is a problem. In addition, with more thorough environmental measures, regulations relating to the discharge of various harmful substances, such as chlorinated gases and volatile organic substances, that impose a burden on the global environment are being strengthened.
[0003]
Conventional general incinerators usually incinerate trash and industrial waste by burning while supplying air using heavy oil as fuel, and the temperature inside the incinerator at this time is controlled to around 800 ° C. Is done. However, even under such conditions, generation of dioxins could not be completely suppressed, and generation of harmful gases such as chlorinated gases could not be completely suppressed.
[0004]
In a very general incinerator, the exhaust gas generated by incineration of the incinerator in the incinerator usually rises inside the furnace and is discharged from a chimney provided at the upper part of the incinerator. Alternatively, there is also a fluidized gasification incineration facility that releases combustion exhaust gas to the atmosphere by sending exhaust gas containing unburned components such as combustible gas and char to a secondary combustion chamber for combustion.
[0005]
In an incinerator having the above-described configuration, for example, dust filters and fly ash can be removed to some extent by arranging a bag filter or the like in the exhaust gas emission part, but dioxins and other harmful gas components contained in the exhaust gas are removed. It is difficult to completely capture or remove.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and by exhausting the exhaust gas in a high temperature atmosphere and circulating it downward, it decomposes the dioxin and harmful gas of the exhaust gas and is harmless to the environment. It aims at providing the incinerator which enabled it to discharge | emit.
[0007]
The invention according to claim 1, while circulating the exhaust gas generated from the baked却物, comprising an exhaust gas recirculation system for discharging downwardly passed through the combustion part coke is burned by the action of the exhaust gas circulation system, the exhaust gas In an incinerator that decomposes harmful components of the exhaust gas by the heat of combustion of the coke by directly contacting the coke during combustion, the exhaust gas circulation system sucks exhaust gas near the top of the furnace. One or a plurality of upper circulation pipes having an exhaust port at the upper part in the furnace of the combustion unit, an exhaust gas suction port at the upper part of the combustion unit in the furnace, and in the vicinity of the combustion unit One or a plurality of lower circulation pipes having exhaust gas return ports, and steam is spouted to the upper circulation pipes downward through the upper circulation pipes. Piping is provided, the exhaust gas that has risen to the top of the incinerator by the steam ejected through the piping is sucked back to the middle of the incinerator, and steam is supplied to each upper circulation pipe. By introducing, the decomposition of the tar content in the exhaust gas is promoted .
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the connection portion of each circulation pipe to the furnace body of the incinerator is horizontal to the furnace body on the side where the exhaust gas is returned to the inside of the incinerator. It is characterized by being configured to blow air downward.
[0011]
The invention of claim 3 is the invention of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas suction port of the lower circulation pipe is disposed above the exhaust gas return port of the upper circulation pipe. It is.
[0012]
A fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one invention of claims 1 to 3, by introducing steam with respect to one or more of each said circulation pipe, to promote the decomposition of tar in the exhaust gas It is characterized by that.
[0013]
A fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one invention of claims 1 to 4, with respect to the furnace space between the return port and the combustion portion of the exhaust gas of the upper circulation pipes, the air for agitation It has an air blowing means for stirring for blowing air.
[0014]
The invention of claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein each of the circulation pipes is attached in a direction in which an axial direction of the pipe is displaced from a central axis of the incinerator. It is a feature.
[0015]
The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the incinerator has a shelf board in which steel materials are arranged in a lattice shape, and a rooster arranged in a lower part of the shelf board. The fuel is deposited on the shelf plate and burned.
[0016]
The invention according to claim 8 is the invention according to claim 7 , wherein the incinerator communicates the combustion part and the lower space of the rooster in the furnace wall around the shelf and the rooster and passes the exhaust gas. It is characterized by having a groove for making it.
[0017]
The invention of claim 9 is the invention of claim 7 or 8 , wherein the incinerator has a dish-shaped slag receiver for temporarily storing molten slag below the rooster, and is not slagged. When the fuel ash is dropped through the rooster, the fuel ash is converted into molten slag by the molten slag accumulated in the slag receiver.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Example 1
1 to 7 are diagrams for explaining an embodiment of an incinerator according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the incinerator, FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the incinerator, and FIG. 4 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of part B in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of part C in FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of part D in FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of a portion E in FIG. 3 to 5 and 7, a part of the exhaust gas circulation pipe is omitted, and the configuration of the incinerator main body is shown.
[0019]
In each figure, 10 is an incinerator (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “furnace”), 11 is an incinerator inlet, 12a and 12b are front chamber portions of the furnace body, 13a and 13b are air cylinders, and 14 is a furnace body. The uppermost part, 15 is the furnace middle part, 16 is the upper part of the combustion part, 17 is the combustion part, 18 is the inspection port, 19 is the temperature sensor sensor part, 20a and 20d are the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes, and 20b and 20e are the upper exhaust gas. Steam / air blowing pipe attached to the upper part of the circulation pipe, 20c is an air blowing pipe attached to the lower part of the upper exhaust gas circulation pipe, 21a and 21c are lower exhaust gas circulation pipes, and 21b and 21d are lower exhaust gas circulation pipes , 22 is a fuel inlet, 23 is an air inlet pipe to the upper part of the combustion part, 24 is a shelf board, 25 is a rooster, 26 is a slag receiver, 27 is a flue, 2 a, 28b is viewing window, 29 an exhaust gas as grooves, is 30, which is a grate struts.
[0020]
The incinerator 10 of the present embodiment is capable of decomposing dioxins, harmful gases, and the like of the exhaust gas by exhausting the exhaust gas under a high-temperature atmosphere and sending it out below the combustion part of the fuel, and discharging exhaust gas that is harmless to the environment. It is what I did. The incinerator of the present embodiment has an exhaust gas circulation pipe for circulating exhaust gas, a pipe for blowing steam / air into the exhaust gas circulation pipe, and a blower / steam supply means such as a blower. Has a system. In this embodiment, as the exhaust gas circulation pipes, two upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d and two lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c are provided. Details of the exhaust gas circulation system will be described later. The furnace body is made of casters (refractory materials), heat insulating materials, and refractory bricks, the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d are casters, and the lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c are insulated from the casters. It is comprised with material.
[0021]
Coke can be suitably used as the fuel for incineration of incinerated products. By using coke, the combustion part in the furnace reaches a high temperature of 1700 ° C to 1800 ° C during combustion, and as a result, exhaust gas undergoes a sufficient thermal attack in a high temperature environment and decomposes harmful components such as dioxins with high efficiency. can do.
[0022]
Exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 17 due to combustion of incinerated materials such as garbage is finally sent below the combustion section 17 and circulates to the flue 27 while circulating in the furnace by the exhaust gas circulation system. At this time, the exhaust gas circulates in a high-wave furnace with a considerable residence time, and further passes through a burning part of burning fuel such as coke, so that it receives a sufficient thermal attack in a high temperature environment due to the combustion heat of the fuel. As a result, harmful components such as dioxins are decomposed. Therefore, the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator 10 can be made safe so as not to load the environment. Moreover, decomposition | disassembly of the tar content contained in waste gas can be accelerated | stimulated by inject | pouring a vapor | steam in a furnace.
[0023]
Input of waste into the incinerator 10 is performed from the incinerator inlet 11. A fuel such as coke is supplied from the fuel input port 22. A coke supply device (not shown) can be attached to the fuel inlet 22. For example, the coke supply device can be configured by a hopper serving as a temporary stock for supplying coke as fuel and a supply pipe for supplying coke dropped from the hopper into the furnace. At this time, the supply of coke from the hopper into the furnace may be appropriately performed by manually opening and closing a damper provided at the lower portion of the hopper, or by a screw feed type automatic supply device or a predetermined sequence. Known automatic supply means such as a device for automatically opening and closing the damper can be used.
[0024]
Two furnace body front chamber parts 12a and 12b are provided in the upper part of the furnace body. The upper opening of the uppermost furnace body front chamber portion 12 a functions as the incinerator inlet 11. The upper furnace body chamber has an upper lid that opens and closes by the action of the upper air cylinder 13a, and between the upper furnace body chamber 12a and the lower furnace body chamber 12b, The air cylinder 13b has a partition that opens and closes. Air is sent into each furnace body front chamber part 12a, 12b by a blower (not shown) to maintain a positive pressure in the furnace. This prevents the exhaust gas in the furnace from flowing out and diffusing outside when the waste is charged.
[0025]
Inside the cylindrical furnace body, a combustion section upper portion 16 on the chimney having an inner diameter smaller than that inside the furnace body above is provided in a portion from the fuel combustion section 17 to a position slightly below the fuel inlet 22. Further, in this specification, the furnace space further above the combustion section upper part 16 will be described by dividing it into a furnace body uppermost part 14 and a furnace body intermediate part 15, and in particular, a partition wall and a door are provided between them. It is not necessarily done.
[0026]
The fuel input from the fuel input port 22 falls inside the furnace, accumulates on the shelf plate 24 disposed in the combustion unit 17 and is burned, such as wastes input from the incineration material input port 11. Incinerate the incinerator. During combustion, air is forcibly blown from the exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a, 20d, 21a, and 21c toward the inside of the furnace 10 horizontally or downward. Moreover, the operator etc. can observe the mode in a furnace with the observation windows 21a and 21b. A sensor unit 19 of a temperature detector is attached to the furnace body to detect the temperature in the furnace.
[0027]
In the combustion unit 18, the supplied fuel is supported by the shelf plate 24. The shelf plate 24 is formed by arranging steel materials in a comb shape and bending both ends, and is formed in a lattice shape having a gap enough to hold fuel such as coke. A rooster 25 is disposed below the shelf plate 24. The rooster 25 is provided with a through hole or a lattice for allowing the incineration residue to pass and fall downward. That is, the waste residue from the combustion flows downward while melting the accumulated portion of the coke during combustion, passes through the shelf plate 24 and the rooster 25, becomes molten slag, and falls further downward. A dish-shaped slag receiver 26 is provided below the rooster 25, and the molten slag is temporarily stored, and the overflow is sequentially discharged. By storing molten slag in the slag receiver 26, even if coke ash falls, the ash can be made into molten slag by the temperature of the molten slag.
[0028]
In the furnace wall portion where the shelf plate 24 and the rooster 25 are disposed, an exhaust gas passage groove 29 is provided at a position away from the innermost wall by a predetermined distance. The exhaust gas passage groove 29 communicates with the space below the rooster 25 from the side of the combustion portion 17 where the fuel burns, and is disposed over the entire circumference of the furnace wall portion. The exhaust gas directly contacts the fuel such as coke in the combustion section 17 and further moves downward through the inside of the rooster 25 or through the exhaust gas passage groove 29.
[0029]
The discharged molten slag is, for example, sent to a slag cooling device (not shown) and cooled in a cooling water tank to form granular granulated slag. Such granulated slag can be reused for various uses such as aggregates.
[0030]
For example, a bug filter (not shown) is provided at the tip of the flue 27 in the exhaust gas discharge direction so as to capture the dust contained in the exhaust gas and prevent it from being discharged into the environment. Moreover, you may make it provide the cooling tower which cools exhaust gas. The fly ash captured by the bag filter is subjected to, for example, landfill after the stabilization process.
[0031]
Next, the exhaust gas circulation system will be described. As described above, in the present embodiment, the two upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d and the two lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c are provided. Sent to. With this system, the decomposition of harmful components proceeds by exhaust gas circulating in the high-temperature atmosphere in the furnace, and finally it passes directly through the combustion part of fuel such as coke and is exhausted downward The exhaust gas is subjected to a sufficient thermal attack, and its harmful components are decomposed.
[0032]
The two upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d communicate the furnace body uppermost part 14 which is the uppermost part in the internal space of the incinerator 10 and the furnace body intermediate part 15 above the combustion part outside the furnace body. Placed in. The upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d are attached so as to face horizontally or downward in the furnace body intermediate portion 15. In this embodiment, it is attached downward by 15 ° with respect to the horizontal.
[0033]
Further, air blowing pipes 20c and 20b are connected to the lower portions of the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d, and a blower such as a blower is connected thereto. Further, steam / air blowing pipes 20b and 20e are attached above the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d, and steam or air is blown therein. For example, by introducing steam, the decomposition of tar contained in the exhaust gas can be promoted as described above. Further, if air is blown in, the circulation of the exhaust gas in the furnace can be further promoted. The air blowing pipe 20c and the steam / air blowing pipes 20b and 20e are attached at such an angle that air is blown (steam is blown out) downward in the circulation pipes 20a and 20d. With such a configuration, the exhaust gas rising to the furnace body uppermost part 14 can be sucked and returned to the furnace body intermediate part 15.
[0034]
The two lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c are arranged so that the furnace intermediate part 15 and the combustion part 17 in the internal space of the incinerator 10 communicate with each other outside the furnace body. At this time, the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d and the lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c in the furnace body intermediate portion 15 are disposed at lower positions than the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d. It is comprised so that. The lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c are attached to the combustion section 17 so as to face horizontally or downward. In this embodiment, it is attached 5 ° downward with respect to the horizontal.
[0035]
Each lower exhaust gas circulation pipe 21a, 21c is connected to an air blowing pipe 21b, 21d at a lower portion thereof, and air blowing means such as a blower is provided in the air blowing pipe 21b, 21d. This air blowing means may be used in common with the air blowing means for the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d. The air blowing pipes 21b and 21d are arranged so that air is blown downward inside the lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c. With such a configuration, the exhaust gas is sucked from the furnace body intermediate portion 15 and returned to the combustion portion 17, whereby the harmful substance decomposition effect due to heat can be enhanced.
[0036]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, in the combustion section 17, the lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21 a and 21 c are directed toward the direction displaced from the center in the horizontal section of the incinerator 10 (that is, the direction deviated from the cylindrical center of the furnace). ) And the air blown by the two circulation pipes 21a and 21c is arranged so as to circulate in the same direction in the furnace body. By arranging these circulation pipes 21a and 21c, gas agitation in the combustion part 17 is promoted, and the exhaust gas generated in the combustion part 17 is efficiently retained toward the lower part of the combustion part 17 without stagnation. Can send.
[0037]
Similarly, the upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d attached to the combustion part upper part 16 are also directed in the direction away from the cylindrical center of the furnace body and the blowing direction is the same as the lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c. It is arrange | positioned so that it may become the same rotation direction.
[0038]
Furthermore, on the intake side, the two upper exhaust gas circulation pipes 20a and 20d and the two lower exhaust gas circulation pipes 21a and 21c are arranged in directions away from the cylindrical center of the furnace body, respectively. The exhaust gas inside can be efficiently sucked.
[0039]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the combustion unit upper portion 16 is provided with an air blowing pipe 23 for blowing air, and air is blown by a blowing means such as a blower. The air blowing pipe is arranged so that air is blown from the four directions with respect to the combustion portion upper part 16.
[0040]
By the above air blowing system, waste combustion exhaust gas in the space above the combustion unit can be effectively collected and sent to the combustion unit 17 again, and stirring of the gas in the combustion unit 17 can be promoted. As a result, heat treatment and detoxification of the exhaust gas in the furnace can be performed with high reliability.
[0041]
As mentioned above, although the specific Example in the incinerator of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various application and change are possible in the range which does not deviate from the range of a claim. Needless to say.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the exhaust gas produced by the combustion product is circulated to lengthen the residence time, and finally passed through the combustion part of the fuel and discharged downward. By effectively performing heat treatment on the exhaust gas, it is possible to decompose harmful components such as dioxin, chlorine gas, nitrogen oxide, etc. contained in the exhaust gas, and to discharge exhaust gas that is harmless to the environment . At this time, by using coke as a fuel for incineration of garbage, etc., the inside of the furnace can reach a high temperature of 1700 ° C. to 1800 ° C. at the time of combustion, thereby reliably performing heat treatment and detoxification of the exhaust gas. can do. Moreover, the installation arrangement | positioning of ventilation piping becomes a structure which can perform efficiently the heat processing in the collection of an exhaust gas, and a combustion part, without gas accumulating in a furnace.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of an incinerator according to the present invention, and is a schematic front view of the incinerator.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining an embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention, and is a schematic side view of the incinerator.
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining one embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention, and is a schematic horizontal sectional view of part A of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining one embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention, and is a schematic horizontal sectional view of part B of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a view for explaining an embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention, and is a schematic horizontal sectional view of a portion C in FIG. 1;
6 is a view for explaining an embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention, and is a schematic horizontal sectional view of a D part in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a view for explaining one embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention, and is a schematic horizontal sectional view of a portion E in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Incinerator (furnace), 11 ... Incinerator inlet, 12a, 12b ... Furnace front chamber part, 13a, 13b ... Air cylinder, 14 ... Top part of furnace body, 15 ... Furnace intermediate part, 16 ... Combustion part Upper part: 17 ... Combustion part, 18 ... Inspection port, 19 ... Temperature detector sensor part, 20a, 20d ... Pipe for upper exhaust gas circulation, 20b, 20e ... Steam / air blowing pipe attached to the upper part of the upper exhaust gas circulation pipe, 20c: Air blowing pipe attached to the lower part of the upper exhaust gas circulation pipe, 21a, 21c ... Lower exhaust gas circulation pipe, 21b, 21d ... Air blowing pipe attached to the lower part of the lower exhaust gas circulation pipe, 22 ... Fuel inlet , 23 ... Air blowing pipe to the upper part of the combustion part, 24 ... Shelf, 25 ... Rooster, 26 ... Slag receiver, 27 ... Flue, 28a, 28b ... Peep window, 29 ... Exhaust gas channel, 30 ... Stol posts.

Claims (9)

While circulating exhaust gas generated from the baked却物, comprising an exhaust gas recirculation system for discharging downwardly passed through the combustion part coke is burned by the action of the exhaust gas circulation system to circulate the exhaust gas, further directly by contacting the coke combustion in the incinerator to decompose harmful components of the exhaust gas by coke combustion heat,
The exhaust gas circulation system includes one or a plurality of upper circulation pipes having an exhaust gas suction port in the vicinity of the uppermost part in the furnace, and an exhaust gas return port in an upper part of the combustion unit, and the furnace of the combustion unit One or more lower circulation pipes having an exhaust gas suction port in the upper part and having an exhaust gas return port in the vicinity of the combustion part;
The upper circulation pipe is provided with a pipe for ejecting steam downward in the upper circulation pipe, and the exhaust gas rising to the top of the incinerator by the steam ejected through the pipe is sucked into the upper circulation pipe. An incinerator characterized in that the decomposition of the tar content in the exhaust gas is promoted by returning to the middle part of the incinerator and introducing steam into each of the upper circulation pipes . 2. The incinerator according to claim 1 , wherein the connection portion of each circulation pipe to the furnace body of the incinerator faces horizontally or downward with respect to the furnace body on the side where the exhaust gas is returned to the inside of the incinerator. An incinerator characterized by being configured to blow air. 2. The incinerator according to claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas suction port of the lower circulation pipe is disposed above the exhaust gas return port of the upper circulation pipe. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein steam is introduced into one or more of each of the circulation pipes, thereby promoting decomposition of a tar content in the exhaust gas. Incinerator. In incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper circular pipe with respect to the furnace space between the return port and the combustion portion of the exhaust gas, for blowing air for agitation An incinerator having an air blowing means for stirring. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein each of the circulation pipes is attached in a direction in which an axial direction of the pipe is displaced from a central axis of the incinerator. Furnace. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the incinerator includes a shelf board in which steel materials are arranged in a lattice shape, and a rooster arranged in a lower part of the shelf board, and the shelf board. An incinerator characterized by depositing fuel on top and burning it. The incinerator according to claim 7 , wherein the incinerator includes a groove for allowing the exhaust gas to pass through the combustion chamber and a lower space of the rooster in the furnace wall around the shelf and the rooster. Incinerator characterized by having. In incinerator according to claim 7 or 8, the incinerator, below the grate has a dish-shaped slug receiving for storing the molten slag in the primary, the fuel ash is not slag the An incinerator characterized in that when it falls through a rooster, the fuel ash is converted into molten slag by the molten slag accumulated in the slag receiver.

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