JP3857939B2 - High strength and high ductility steel and steel plate excellent in local ductility and method for producing the steel plate - Google Patents
High strength and high ductility steel and steel plate excellent in local ductility and method for producing the steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 39
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000794 TRIP steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001568 polygonal ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車外板等の素材として好適な局部延性に優れた高延性、高強度鋼、同鋼板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、自動車などの鋼板使用分野では、部材の軽量化が指向されており、プレス成形性に優れた、高強度の鋼板が求められている。高強度かつ高延性に優れた鋼板として、歪誘起変態(TRIP)を利用した高強度鋼板が提案されている。この種の鋼板は、残留オーステナイトを有し、鋼板の成形時には残留オーステナイトによって成形が容易である一方、成形後には残留オーステナイトがマルテンサイト化するため高強度を備えたものとなる。
【0003】
この種の鋼板として、例えば特開平7−188834号(特許第2876968号)公報には、Mn:2.0〜6.0%を含有し、残留オーステナイト量を20体積%以上有する高強度鋼板が開示されている。この鋼板は、熱延板あるいは冷延板を800℃以上に再加熱してオーステナイト化して冷却し、その後650〜750℃の焼鈍温度にて焼鈍を2回行うことによって、オーステナイト中への合金元素の濃縮を促進して20%以上の残留オーステナイトを生成させたものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように高Mn成分の鋼を用いると、多量の残留オーステナイトを比較的容易に生成させることができ、高延性を有する高強度鋼板を得ることができる。かかる鋼板が用いられる用途においては、プレスにより形状加工とともに穴拡げ加工が施されるため、優れた局部延性が要求されることが多い。ところが、残留オーステナイトを20体積%以上生成させると、均一伸びは大きく改善されるものの、局部延性の劣化が著しいという問題がある。これは、組織中に多量の残留オーステナイトがあると、加工時にこれが一斉にマルテンサイトに変態して硬質相を形成し、マルテンサイトに比して軟質のマトリックス組織との境界でボイドが生成するためと推測される。
【0005】
ところで、R.L.Millerは、Metallurgical Transactions Vol. 3, April(1972) p905-912に記載されているように、0.11%C−5.7%Mn鋼を熱間圧延後、圧下率60〜85%の冷間圧延を施すことによって、1μm 程度の超微細ポリゴナルフェライトと残留オーステナイトからなる780N超級TRIP鋼に関する研究を行っている。しかし、この研究は、強度が1000MPa以上の熱延板を冷間圧延することを前提とする技術であり、量産性に問題があるうえ、良好な局部延性が得られていない。
また、古川等は、CAMP-ISIJ Vol.2(1989)p744, Vol.3(1990)p796, Vol.4(1991)p1946 に記載されているように、0.1%C−5%Mn系鋼を中心として、熱間圧延、再加熱により数十%のオーステナイト分率を有するフェライト、オーステナイト2相鋼の研究を行っている。しかし、再加熱を要して生産性に問題があるうえ、オーステナイト分率が高く、延性にとって最適なオーステナイトの安定度に制御されていないため、良好な局部延性が得られていない。
【0006】
本発明はかかる問題に鑑みなされたもので、局部延性に優れた高強度高延性鋼、鋼板並びにその鋼板の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、オーステナイトを安定化し、残留オーステナイトの生成に寄与するMnを3.0〜7.0%と多量に添加した鋼について、20%以上の残留オーステナイトの生成を抑制することによって局部延性を向上させる手段を鋭意研究したところ、理論的にはオーステナイトが生じないA1点直下の温度域にて熱延板に焼き戻し熱処理を施すことによって、適量の残留オーステナイトが生成することを見出した。すなわち、鋼材が全体に亘って成分的に均一であると想定すると、A1点以下の焼き戻しでは残留オーステナイトが析出することは理論的に考えられない。しかし、高Mn化により不可避的に生じるMn偏析帯に着目すれば、そのMn偏析帯およびその近傍部(両者を合わせて偏析部と呼ぶ。)では局部的にA1点は平均場(平衡状態における均一成分の組織)としてのA1点よりも若干低温化しており、この傾向は鋼材中のMn量が増えるほど低下する。この平均場としてのA1点とMn偏析部での局部的なA1点との間の温度で保持すれば、Mn偏析部のみに逆変態が生じ、熱間圧延によって生成したラス、ラメラ構造の微細マルテンサイト・ベイナイト組織から短時間でMnが濃化した適量の残留オーステナイトが析出する。
【0008】
本発明はかかる知見により完成されたものであり、本発明の高強度高延性鋼あるいは鋼板は、mass%で、
C :0.06〜0.20%、
Si:2.0%以下、
Mn:3.0〜7.0%、
Al:0.10%以下
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなり、残留オーステナイトが体積率で10%以上、20%未満であり、焼き戻しマルテンサイトおよび焼き戻しベイナイトが面積率で30%以上である。良好なめっき性を得るには、Siを1.00%以下に止めるのがよい。
【0009】
また、本発明の高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法は、前記成分を有する鋼を熱間圧延し、得られた熱延板に必要に応じて圧下率20%以下の冷間圧延を施し、前記熱延板あるいは冷間圧延によって得られた冷延板に焼き戻し熱処理を施し、冷却する。この際、前記焼き戻し熱処理は700℃以下、A1点を超える焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、900秒以下保持するか、あるいはA1点以下、(A1点−50)℃以上の焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、3時間以下保持する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、本発明の高強度高延性鋼、鋼板の化学成分(単位はmass%)の限定理由について説明する。
【0011】
C:0.06〜0.20%
Cは強力なオーステナイト安定化元素であるとともに重要な強度向上元素である。このような作用を得るため、下限を0.06%とする。しかし、C量が0.20%を超えると溶接性が劣化する。したがって、C含有量は0.06〜0.20%、好ましくは0.06〜0.15%とする。
【0012】
Si:2.0%以下
Siはセメンタイト中に固溶しないため、その析出を抑制する作用があり、未変態オーステナイト中へのCの濃縮をさらに増加させることができる。しかし、Siが2.0%を超えると表面品質を劣化させると共に溶接性も劣化させるようになるので、2.0%以下とする。めっき性をより向上させるには、好ましくは1.00%以下、さらに好ましくは0.50%以下とする。
【0013】
Mn:3.0〜7.0%以下
Mnは本発明において重要な添加元素であり、一般的にオーステナイト形成元素としてその中に濃縮し、オーステナイトの安定化をもたらす。また、鋼自体の強度も上昇させる。さらに、本発明では通常は必要とされないMnの偏析を利用するので、残留オーステナイトが適量確保できる程度にMnの偏析帯を存在させることが必要である。Mnの添加量が3.0%未満ではこれらの作用が過少であり、一方7.0%を超えて添加すると、たとえ適正な温度で熱処理しても生成する残留オーステナイト量が20%以上となり、局部伸びが劣化するようになり、また溶接性も劣化するようになる。このため、Mn量を3.0〜7.0%、好ましくは3.5〜7.0%、さらに好ましくは4.0〜6.5%とする。Mn量を4.0%以上とすることによって、TS(引張強さ)×El(全伸び)の値が240MPa以上の強度・延性バランスを得ることができる。
Al:0.10%以下
Alは脱酸元素として0.10%以下添加することができる。
本発明鋼、鋼板は上記基本成分の他、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなるが、さらに特性を向上させる下記補助元素の添加を妨げない。不純物としては、P、S、N等が含まれるが、延性劣化防止の観点から、Pは0.015%以下、Sは0.010%以下に止めるのがよい。
【0014】
補助元素としては、上記の基本元素に加えて下記の各元素群の元素を単独で、あるいは複合して添加することができる。
オーステナイト形成元素であり、焼き入れ性も向上させる元素であるNi,Cu,Coの1種以上を合計量で4%程度以下添加することができる。4%を超えて添加し過ぎると、残留オーステナイト量が増え過ぎ、局部延性が悪化するようになるので好ましくない。また、Cuを添加する場合には、熱間圧延割れを抑制するため、Cuの半分量以上程度のNiを同時に添加することが推奨される。
また、焼き入れ性の向上を図るためにCr,Mo,Bの1種以上を合計量で1.0%程度以下添加することもできる。ただし、Moを添加する場合には、Moの添加量は0.5%以下に止めることが好ましい。0.5%を超えて過剰に添加すると、CをMo2C として吸着し、残留γ量を減少させるようになるため好ましくない。
また、組織の微細化、析出強化を図るためにNb,Ti,V,Zrの1種以上を0.05%程度以下添加することもできる。これらの元素も0.05%を超えて過剰に添加すると残留γを減少させるようになる。
一方、溶接性を向上させるには、本発明の鋼、鋼板における各添加成分を下記の溶接割れ感受性指数Pcmが0.42以下となるように調整することが推奨される。この様に調整することで、高強度・高延性に加え、さらに溶接性も向上させることができる。Pcmの値は0.37以下がより好ましく、0.32以下がより一層好ましい。
Pcm=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5×B
但し、各元素の記号は添加する質量%を意味する。
【0015】
次に、本発明鋼、鋼板の組織について説明する。
本発明鋼、鋼板は、基本的に残留オーステナイト、焼き戻しマルテンサイト、焼き戻しベイナイトおよびフェライトによって構成される。機械的特性の内、延性、特に局部延性は残留オーステナイト量によって大きく支配される。残留オーステナイト量が体積率で10%未満では25%程度以上の高延性(全伸び)を確保することが困難になる。一方、Mn含有量を3.0〜7.0%とした場合、残留オーステナイト量が10%以上であれば、強度−延性バランスを示すTS×Elの値が200MPa以上となり、優れた強度−延性バランスを得ることが可能となる。一方、残留オーステナイト量が20%以上になると、加工により変態するマルテンサイト量が過多となり、加工を受けた際に基地(焼き戻しマルテンサイト、焼き戻しベイナイトおよびフェライト)との境界で硬度差に起因してボイドが発生し易くなり、局部延性(局部伸び)が8%程度以下に劣化するようになる。このため、残留オーステナイト量を10%以上、20%未満とし、好ましくは12%以上、18%以下とする。
【0016】
一方、材料の強度は、組織中の焼き戻しマルテンサイト、焼き戻しベイナイト、フェライトの量によって左右される。焼き戻しマルテンサイト・ベイナイトは合計量(面積率)で30%以上とし、好ましくは50%以上にするのがよい。本発明の鋼、鋼板の組織は、焼き戻しマルテンサイト・ベイナイト量が30%未満ではフェライト量が過多となって、強度が590MPaを下回るようになり、高強度の確保が困難となる。
【0017】
次に、本発明鋼板の製造方法について説明する。
本発明鋼板は、前記成分の鋼片を常法により熱間圧延し、必要に応じてさらに圧下率20%以下の冷間圧延を施し、その熱延板(冷間圧延を施さない場合)あるいは冷延板(冷間圧延を施した場合)に、700℃以下、A1点を超える焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、900秒以下保持する焼き戻し熱処理、あるいはA1点以下、(A1点−50)℃以上の焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、3時間以下保持する焼き戻し熱処理を施すことによって製造される。
【0018】
熱間圧延の条件は特に限定されないが、鋼片加熱温度は1100〜1250℃程度、仕上圧延温度はAr3点以下、巻き取り温度は600℃〜室温程度とされる。本発明の鋼成分では、高Mn量であり、焼き入れ性に優れるため、熱間圧延後は空冷、徐冷でも焼き入れ組織が得られ、フェライトのほか、ラス・ラメラ組織の微細なマルテンサイト、ベイナイトが得られる。
【0019】
熱延後に冷間圧延を施す場合、圧下率は20%以下とされる。圧下率が20%超では、熱延ラス・ラメラ構造が破壊され、後述の焼き戻し熱処理により速やかに適量の残留オーステナイトが生成し難くなる。また、加工中に熱延板に割れが生じたり、割れなかったとしても、焼き戻し熱処理の際に再結晶が生じてポリゴナルフェライトが生成するようになり、後述の焼き戻し熱処理によって適量の残留オーステナイトの生成が困難になる。このため、圧下率を20%以下、好ましくは15%以下とする。
【0020】
上記のように、本発明では熱延板を再加熱してオーステナイト化せず、また冷間加工によって熱間圧延により生成したラス・ラメラ構造を破壊することなく、微細マルテンサイト・ベイナイト構造のまま、焼き戻しを施す。本発明では、熱延板あるいは冷延板を再加熱によって再度オーステナイト化し、焼き入れを行うことはしない。これは、オーステナイト化後、たとえ水冷により微細なマルテンサイト・ベイナイトを生成させたしたとしても、旧オーステナイト粒径が熱延板ほど微細にならないためと推定されるが、局部延性が改善されないことが本発明者によって確かめられたためである。
【0021】
前記焼き戻し熱処理において、焼き戻し温度が700℃以下、A1点を超える温度範囲で20秒以上、900秒以下保持すること、あるいはA1点以下、(A1点−50)℃以上の温度範囲で20秒以上、3時間以下保持することは本発明において重要な条件である。
本発明の成分の鋼に対して、平均場としてのA1点以上に20分以上保持すると鋼組織の全体に亘って残留オーステナイトが生成するようになり、残留オーステナイトが容易に20%以上の体積率となって、局部延性を劣化させる。一方、平均場としてのA1点とMn偏析部あるいはラス間のような不均一部での局部的なA1点との間の温度に短時間保持すれば、残留オーステナイト量が10%以上、20%未満の間に止まり、均一伸びを確保することができる上、局部伸びを大いに改善することができる。
【0022】
このように、本発明では熱処理条件として、均一場として想定されるA1点以下の温度にすることが基本であるが、A1点を多少超えた温度であっても残留オーステナイトの生成が進み過ぎない様に保持時間を短時間にすれば所定量の残留オーステナイトを得ることができる。このため、焼き戻し温度の上限を700℃とした。しかし、700℃を超える温度になると、たとえ短時間でもMnの偏析帯以外でも残留オーステナイトの生成が進む様になって、適正量の残留オーステナイトを得ることが難しくなる。また、焼き戻し温度があまり低過ぎると、たとえMnが偏析していても残留オーステナイトを生成することができないようになるので、下限を平均場としての(A1点−50)℃とする。
また、この焼き戻し温度を700℃以下で、平均場としてのA1点+5℃以下の範囲にうまく制御しつつ、保持時間を適切に制御するか、あるいはA1点以下の温度として残留オーステナイト量が20%未満の条件を満たす範囲で可能な限り長時間の保持を行えば、本発明の鋼、鋼板の引張強度が980MPa以上となり、より一層高強度化することができる。このように焼き戻し条件を調整することで、焼き戻しベイナイトおよび焼き戻しマルテンサイトの中で、高強度化への寄与が大きい焼き戻しマルテンサイト量を十分に確保することができるようになるため、980MPa以上の高強度化が可能になるものと考えられる。
【0023】
前記焼き戻し温度における保持時間は、少なくとも20秒以上は必要である。この程度の時間がないと、10%以上の残留オーステナイトが生成できないようになる。一方、保持時間は、あまり長時間とすると、たとえA1点以下であっても、残留オーステナイトの生成が進み過ぎて、その量が20%以上となってしまうおそれがある。保持時間の上限は、焼き戻し温度にもよるが、焼き戻し温度が平均場としてのA1点を超え、700℃以下の場合には、900秒以内とすることが必要である。また、焼き戻し温度を平均場としてのA1点以下に抑えた場合には、1時間(3600秒)程度の長時間であっても残留オーステナイト量を20%未満とすることができるが、せいぜい3時間程度までとすることが残留オーステナイト量の点および生産性の観点から必要であると考えられる。980MPa以上の高強度を必要としない場合には、A1点以下、(A1点−50)℃以上の温度範囲内で60〜480秒とすることが好ましい。
【0024】
上記の焼き戻し熱処理により局部的な逆変態を生じさせて、オーステナイトにC濃度、Mn濃度を短時間で濃化することが可能となり、局部延性にとって適切な体積率で10%以上、20%未満の残留オーステナイトを確保することができ、実施例に示すように8%以上の局部伸びを得ることができる。
【0025】
以上のとおり、本発明の鋼種は焼き戻し工程において、基本的にA1点以下に20秒以上保持し、平衡論、均一場を想定してはありえない、Mn偏析あるいはラス間という不均一場を利用してTRIP鋼の創生を行うものであるが、条鋼分野で用いられるようなIH(高周波加熱)等の急速加熱では、A1点を超える焼き戻し温度であっても、加熱時間を例えば5秒程度以下の短時間に調整することにより、同様の組織と特性が得ることができる。
【0026】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例により限定的に解釈されるものではない。
【0027】
【実施例】
表1に示す化学成分を有する鋼を大気溶解し、その鋼塊(40kg)を1150℃に加熱し、熱間圧延を行い、表2に示す仕上圧延終了温度(FDT)にて圧延を終了した。得られた熱延板(板厚3.0mm)の組織をレペラ腐食し、光学顕微鏡観察(400倍)したところ、組織はマルテンサイト(M)、ベイナイト(B)およびフェライト(F)で形成されていた。なお、表1にはA1点の温度を付記した。A1点は下記式により求めた。
A1(℃)=723−10.7*Mn%+29.1*Si%
【0028】
【表1】
【0029】
熱延後、そのまま、あるいは表2に示す圧下率(冷延率)にて冷間圧延を施し、同表に示す焼き戻し熱処理を熱延板あるいは冷延板に施した。熱処理後の鋼板の組織を前記と同様にして光学顕微鏡観察し、焼き戻しM+Bの面積率を求めた。また、X線回折法により組織中の残留オーステナイト(γR )量を求めた。これらの結果を表2に併せて示す。なお、面積率は体積率と同等の値を取るが、表中、焼き戻しM+Bの値とγRの値との合計が100%を超えるものがある。これは、レペラ腐食した組織ではマルテンサイトとオーステナイトとが区別されないためである。
【0030】
さらに、焼き戻し熱処理後の鋼板を板厚1.4mmに面削し、JIS5号試験片を作成し、引張試験を行い機械的性質を測定した。これらの測定結果を表2および表3に併せて示す。
【0031】
【表2】
【0032】
【表3】
【0033】
表2および表3より、鋼成分、焼き戻しマルテンサイト・ベイナイト量、残留オーステナイト量が適正な発明例では、局部伸びが8%以上有し、強度・延性バランス(TS・El)が230MPa以上有し、高強度、高延性であるうえ、局部延性にも優れることがわかる。一方、成分が適正でも、焼き戻し処理が不適当な試料No. 9,11,20,37では所期の所定の残留オーステナイト量が得られず、局部伸びが6%程度に止まり、あるいは均一伸びが劣化した。また、冷延率が40%と高いNo. 18では冷間圧延中に割れ、また冷延率が25%のNo. 19では割れなかったものの、焼き戻し熱処理の際に再結晶が生じて、残留オーステナイト量が不足し、局部延性が劣化した。なお、No. 14はC量が過多で、溶接性が劣り、No. 17はSi量が過多でめっき性および溶接性が劣る比較例である。また、試料No. 24,27,29,31,34はNi,Cu,Ti,Nb,V,Moなどの補助元素が過剰に添加されているため、残留オーステナイト量が適正範囲内に収まらず、その結果、局部伸びあるいは均一伸びが劣化している。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明鋼、鋼板によれば、Mnを3.0〜7.0%含有した特定成分の下、残留オーステナイトの生成を抑制して10%以上、20%未満とし、焼き戻しマルテンサイトおよび焼き戻しベイナイトを面積率で30%以上としたので、高強度、高延性でありながら、優れた局部延性を得ることができる。また、本発明の製造方法によれば、前記高強度熱延鋼板を容易に製造することができる。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a high ductility, high-strength steel excellent in local ductility, which is suitable as a material for automobile outer plates and the like, and the steel sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in the field of using steel sheets such as automobiles, weight reduction of members has been directed, and high-strength steel sheets excellent in press formability are demanded. As a steel sheet having high strength and excellent ductility, a high-strength steel sheet using strain induced transformation (TRIP) has been proposed. This type of steel sheet has retained austenite and can be easily formed by retained austenite when the steel sheet is formed. On the other hand, the retained austenite becomes martensite after forming and thus has high strength.
[0003]
As this type of steel plate, for example, JP-A-7-188834 (Patent No. 2876968) discloses a high-strength steel plate containing Mn: 2.0 to 6.0% and having a residual austenite amount of 20% by volume or more. It is disclosed. This steel sheet is an alloy element into austenite by reheating a hot-rolled sheet or cold-rolled sheet to 800 ° C. or more to austenite and cooling, and then annealing twice at an annealing temperature of 650 to 750 ° C. Is promoted to produce 20% or more of retained austenite.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When steel with a high Mn component is used as described above, a large amount of retained austenite can be generated relatively easily, and a high-strength steel sheet having high ductility can be obtained. In applications where such steel sheets are used, excellent local ductility is often required because hole expansion is performed together with shape processing by pressing. However, when 20 volume% or more of retained austenite is generated, the uniform elongation is greatly improved, but there is a problem that the local ductility is significantly deteriorated. This is because if there is a large amount of retained austenite in the structure, it transforms into martensite at the same time during processing, forming a hard phase, and voids are generated at the boundary with the soft matrix structure compared to martensite. It is guessed.
[0005]
By the way, as described in Metallurgical Transactions Vol. 3, April (1972) p905-912, RLMiller has a reduction ratio of 60 to 85% after hot rolling 0.11% C-5.7% Mn steel. The 780N super-class TRIP steel made of ultrafine polygonal ferrite of about 1 μm and retained austenite is being researched. However, this research is a technique based on the premise that the hot-rolled sheet having a strength of 1000 MPa or more is cold-rolled, has a problem in mass productivity, and has not obtained good local ductility.
Furukawa et al., As described in CAMP-ISIJ Vol.2 (1989) p744, Vol.3 (1990) p796, Vol.4 (1991) p1946, 0.1% C-5% Mn series We are studying ferrite and austenite duplex steels with austenite fraction of several tens of percent by hot rolling and reheating, with a focus on steel. However, since reheating is required, there is a problem in productivity, and since the austenite fraction is high and the stability of austenite optimum for ductility is not controlled, good local ductility is not obtained.
[0006]
This invention is made | formed in view of this problem, and it aims at providing the manufacturing method of the high strength high ductility steel excellent in local ductility, a steel plate, and the steel plate.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor stabilized local austenite by suppressing the formation of 20% or more of retained austenite with respect to steel added with a large amount of Mn, which stabilizes austenite and contributes to the formation of retained austenite, 3.0 to 7.0%. As a result of intensive research on the means for improving the temperature, it has been found that a suitable amount of retained austenite is generated by subjecting the hot-rolled sheet to a tempering heat treatment in the temperature range immediately below the A1 point where theoretically no austenite occurs. That is, when it is assumed that the steel material is uniform in composition throughout, it is theoretically not thought that residual austenite precipitates by tempering at or below the A1 point. However, paying attention to the Mn segregation zone inevitably generated by the increase in Mn, the A1 point is locally in the Mn segregation zone and its vicinity (collectively referred to as the segregation zone) and the average field (in the equilibrium state). The temperature is slightly lower than the point A1 as the uniform component structure), and this tendency decreases as the amount of Mn in the steel increases. If maintained at a temperature between the A1 point as the mean field and the local A1 point in the Mn segregation part, reverse transformation occurs only in the Mn segregation part, and the fineness of the lath and lamellar structure produced by hot rolling An appropriate amount of retained austenite in which Mn is concentrated in a short time is precipitated from the martensite bainite structure.
[0008]
The present invention has been completed based on such knowledge, and the high strength and high ductility steel or steel sheet of the present invention is mass%,
C: 0.06 to 0.20%
Si: 2.0% or less,
Mn: 3.0-7.0%,
Al: 0.10% or less
The remaining austenite is 10% or more and less than 20% in volume ratio, and tempered martensite and tempered bainite are 30% or more in area ratio. In order to obtain good plating properties, it is preferable to keep Si at 1.00% or less.
[0009]
Further, the method for producing a high-strength and high-ductile steel sheet according to the present invention hot-rolls the steel having the above-mentioned components, and subjecting the obtained hot-rolled sheet to cold rolling with a reduction rate of 20% or less, if necessary, A hot-rolled sheet or a cold-rolled sheet obtained by cold rolling is tempered and cooled. At this time, the tempering heat treatment is held at a tempering temperature of 700 ° C. or less and a tempering temperature exceeding A1 point for 20 seconds or more and 900 seconds or less, or at a tempering temperature of A1 point or less and (A1 point−50) ° C. or more. For 20 seconds or more and 3 hours or less.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the reasons for limiting the chemical components (unit: mass%) of the high-strength, high-ductility steel and steel plate of the present invention will be described.
[0011]
C: 0.06-0.20%
C is a strong austenite stabilizing element and an important strength improving element. In order to obtain such an effect, the lower limit is made 0.06%. However, if the C content exceeds 0.20%, the weldability deteriorates. Therefore, the C content is 0.06 to 0.20%, preferably 0.06 to 0.15%.
[0012]
Si: 2.0% or less Since Si does not dissolve in cementite, it has the effect of suppressing its precipitation and can further increase the concentration of C in untransformed austenite. However, when Si exceeds 2.0%, the surface quality is deteriorated and the weldability is also deteriorated. In order to further improve the plating property, the content is preferably 1.00% or less, more preferably 0.50% or less.
[0013]
Mn: 3.0 to 7.0% or less Mn is an important additive element in the present invention, and is generally concentrated therein as an austenite-forming element, resulting in stabilization of austenite. It also increases the strength of the steel itself. Further, in the present invention, segregation of Mn, which is not normally required, is used. Therefore, it is necessary that a segregation band of Mn exists so that an appropriate amount of retained austenite can be secured. When the amount of Mn added is less than 3.0%, these effects are too small. On the other hand, when added over 7.0%, the amount of retained austenite generated even when heat-treated at an appropriate temperature becomes 20% or more, Local elongation begins to deteriorate and weldability also deteriorates. For this reason, the amount of Mn is made 3.0 to 7.0%, preferably 3.5 to 7.0%, more preferably 4.0 to 6.5%. By setting the amount of Mn to 4.0% or more, a strength / ductility balance in which the value of TS (tensile strength) × El (total elongation) is 240 MPa or more can be obtained.
Al: 0.10% or less Al can be added as a deoxidizing element in an amount of 0.10% or less.
The steel of the present invention and steel plate are composed of the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities in addition to the above basic components, but do not hinder the addition of the following auxiliary elements that further improve the properties. Impurities include P, S, N, etc. From the viewpoint of preventing ductile deterioration, it is preferable to keep P at 0.015% or less and S at 0.010% or less.
[0014]
As an auxiliary element, in addition to the above basic elements, elements of the following element groups can be added alone or in combination .
Is an austenite forming element, may be added more than about 4% Ni is an element that improves also hardenability, Cu, one or more Co in a total amount. If the addition exceeds 4%, the amount of retained austenite is excessively increased, and the local ductility is deteriorated. Moreover, when adding Cu, in order to suppress a hot-rolling crack, it is recommended to add simultaneously Ni about the half amount or more of Cu.
Further, in order to improve the hardenability, one or more of Cr, Mo and B can be added in a total amount of about 1.0% or less. However, when adding Mo, it is preferable to stop the addition amount of Mo to 0.5% or less. An excessive addition exceeding 0.5% is not preferable because C is adsorbed as Mo 2 C and the amount of residual γ is reduced.
Further, in order to refine the structure and strengthen precipitation, one or more of Nb, Ti, V, and Zr can be added in an amount of about 0.05% or less. If these elements are also added in excess of 0.05%, the residual γ is reduced.
On the other hand, in order to improve weldability, it is recommended to adjust each additive component in the steel and steel plate of the present invention so that the following weld crack sensitivity index Pcm is 0.42 or less. By adjusting in this way, weldability can be further improved in addition to high strength and high ductility. The value of Pcm is more preferably 0.37 or less, and still more preferably 0.32 or less.
Pcm = C + Si / 30 + Mn / 20 + Cu / 20 + Ni / 60 + Cr / 20 + Mo / 15 + V / 10 + 5 × B
However, the symbol of each element means the mass% to add.
[0015]
Next, the structure of the steel of the present invention and the steel plate will be described.
The steel of the present invention and steel plate are basically composed of retained austenite, tempered martensite, tempered bainite and ferrite. Among mechanical properties, ductility, particularly local ductility, is largely governed by the amount of retained austenite. If the amount of retained austenite is less than 10% by volume, it is difficult to ensure high ductility (total elongation) of about 25% or more. On the other hand, when the Mn content is 3.0 to 7.0%, if the retained austenite amount is 10% or more, the value of TS × El indicating a strength-ductility balance is 200 MPa or more, and excellent strength-ductility. A balance can be obtained. On the other hand, when the amount of retained austenite is 20% or more, the amount of martensite transformed by processing becomes excessive, and due to the difference in hardness at the base (tempered martensite, tempered bainite and ferrite) when subjected to processing. As a result, voids are easily generated, and the local ductility (local elongation) deteriorates to about 8% or less. For this reason, the amount of retained austenite is 10% or more and less than 20%, preferably 12% or more and 18% or less.
[0016]
On the other hand, the strength of the material depends on the amount of tempered martensite, tempered bainite and ferrite in the structure. The total amount (area ratio) of tempered martensite bainite is 30% or more, preferably 50% or more. In the structure of the steel and steel plate of the present invention, when the tempered martensite bainite amount is less than 30%, the ferrite amount becomes excessive, the strength becomes lower than 590 MPa, and it is difficult to ensure high strength.
[0017]
Next, the manufacturing method of this invention steel plate is demonstrated.
The steel sheet of the present invention is obtained by hot-rolling steel slabs having the above-described components, and further subjecting them to cold rolling with a reduction rate of 20% or less, if necessary, and hot-rolled sheets (when not subjected to cold rolling) or A tempering heat treatment in which a cold-rolled sheet (when cold-rolled) is kept at 700 ° C. or lower and a tempering temperature exceeding A1 point for 20 seconds or more and 900 seconds or less, or A1 point or less, (A1 point−50 ) Manufactured by performing a tempering heat treatment that is held at a tempering temperature of at least 0 ° C. for 20 seconds to 3 hours .
[0018]
Although the hot rolling conditions are not particularly limited, the steel slab heating temperature is about 1100 to 1250 ° C., the finish rolling temperature is Ar 3 points or less, and the winding temperature is about 600 ° C. to room temperature. The steel component of the present invention has a high Mn content and excellent hardenability, so that after hot rolling, a quenching structure can be obtained even with air cooling or slow cooling, and in addition to ferrite, fine martensite with a lath and lamellar structure Bainite is obtained.
[0019]
When cold rolling is performed after hot rolling, the rolling reduction is 20% or less. When the rolling reduction exceeds 20%, the hot-rolled lath / lamella structure is destroyed, and an appropriate amount of retained austenite is hardly generated promptly by the tempering heat treatment described later. Even if the hot-rolled sheet is cracked or not cracked during processing, recrystallization occurs during tempering heat treatment and polygonal ferrite is generated. Austenite formation becomes difficult. For this reason, the rolling reduction is 20% or less, preferably 15% or less .
[0020]
As described above, in the present invention, the hot-rolled sheet is not re-heated to austenite, and the fine martensite bainite structure is maintained without destroying the lath lamella structure generated by hot rolling by cold working. Temper. In the present invention, a hot-rolled sheet or a cold-rolled sheet is austenitized again by reheating and is not quenched. This is presumed that even if fine martensite bainite is generated by water cooling after austenitization, the prior austenite grain size is not as fine as hot-rolled sheets, but local ductility may not be improved. This is because it was confirmed by the present inventor.
[0021]
In the tempering heat treatment, the tempering temperature is kept at 700 ° C. or lower and in the temperature range exceeding the A1 point for 20 seconds or more and 900 seconds or less, or A1 point or lower and (A1 point−50) 20 ° C. or higher in the temperature range. It is an important condition in the present invention to hold for 2 seconds or more and 3 hours or less .
When the steel of the component of the present invention is held for 20 minutes or more at the A1 point or higher as an average field, residual austenite is generated over the entire steel structure, and the residual austenite easily has a volume ratio of 20% or higher. Thus, the local ductility is degraded. On the other hand, if the temperature is maintained for a short time between the point A1 as the mean field and the local point A1 in the non-uniform part such as between the Mn segregation part or the lath, the amount of retained austenite is 10% or more and 20%. In addition to being able to ensure a uniform elongation, the local elongation can be greatly improved.
[0022]
As described above, in the present invention, the heat treatment condition is basically a temperature equal to or lower than the A1 point assumed as a uniform field, but the generation of retained austenite does not proceed excessively even at a temperature slightly exceeding the A1 point. In this manner, a predetermined amount of retained austenite can be obtained by shortening the holding time. For this reason, the upper limit of the tempering temperature was set to 700 ° C. However, when the temperature exceeds 700 ° C., the generation of retained austenite proceeds even in a short time even outside the segregation band of Mn, and it becomes difficult to obtain an appropriate amount of retained austenite. Further, if the tempering temperature is too low, residual austenite cannot be generated even if Mn is segregated, so the lower limit is set to (A1 point−50) ° C. as an average field.
In addition, while maintaining the tempering temperature at 700 ° C. or less and within the range of A1 point + 5 ° C. or less as an average field, the holding time is appropriately controlled, or the amount of retained austenite is 20 at a temperature below A1 point. If the holding is performed for as long as possible within the range satisfying the condition of less than%, the tensile strength of the steel and steel plate of the present invention becomes 980 MPa or more, and the strength can be further increased. By adjusting the tempering conditions in this way, among the tempered bainite and tempered martensite, it becomes possible to sufficiently secure the amount of tempered martensite that greatly contributes to the increase in strength. It is considered that the strength can be increased to 980 MPa or more.
[0023]
The holding time at the tempering temperature needs to be at least 20 seconds. Without this time, 10% or more of retained austenite cannot be generated. On the other hand, if the holding time is too long, even if it is A1 point or less, the generation of retained austenite proceeds so much that the amount may become 20% or more. The upper limit of the holding time depends on the tempering temperature, but when the tempering temperature exceeds the A1 point as an average field and is 700 ° C. or less, it is necessary to be within 900 seconds. Further, when the tempering temperature is suppressed to A1 point or less as an average field, the retained austenite amount can be less than 20% even for a long time of about 1 hour (3600 seconds), but at most 3 It is thought that it is necessary to make it about time from the viewpoint of the amount of retained austenite and productivity. When high strength of 980 MPa or more is not required, it is preferably 60 to 480 seconds within a temperature range of A1 point or less and (A1 point-50) ° C or more.
[0024]
The above-mentioned tempering heat treatment causes local reverse transformation, and it becomes possible to concentrate C and Mn concentrations in austenite in a short time, and the volume ratio suitable for local ductility is 10% or more and less than 20%. The retained austenite can be secured, and a local elongation of 8% or more can be obtained as shown in the examples.
[0025]
As described above, in the tempering process, the steel type of the present invention is basically held for 20 seconds or less at the A1 point or lower, and uses a non-uniform field such as Mn segregation or between laths, which cannot be assumed to be an equilibrium theory or a uniform field. TRIP steel is created, but in the case of rapid heating such as IH (high frequency heating) used in the field of steel strip, the heating time is 5 seconds even at a tempering temperature exceeding the A1 point. The same structure and characteristics can be obtained by adjusting in a short time of about the extent.
[0026]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[0027]
【Example】
Steel having chemical components shown in Table 1 was dissolved in the atmosphere, the steel ingot (40 kg) was heated to 1150 ° C., hot-rolled, and finished at the finish rolling finish temperature (FDT) shown in Table 2. . When the structure of the obtained hot-rolled sheet (thickness: 3.0 mm) is corroded with a repeller and observed with an optical microscope (400 times), the structure is formed of martensite (M), bainite (B), and ferrite (F). It was. In Table 1, the temperature at point A1 is added. The A1 point was determined by the following formula.
A1 (° C.) = 723-10.7 * Mn% + 29.1 * Si%
[0028]
[Table 1]
[0029]
After hot rolling, cold rolling was performed as it was or at a reduction rate (cold rolling rate) shown in Table 2, and tempering heat treatment shown in the same table was applied to the hot rolled plate or cold rolled plate. The structure of the steel plate after the heat treatment was observed with an optical microscope in the same manner as described above, and the area ratio of tempered M + B was determined. Further, the amount of retained austenite (γ R ) in the structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. These results are also shown in Table 2. The area ratio takes a value equivalent to the volume ratio, but in the table, the sum of the tempered M + B value and the γR value exceeds 100%. This is because martensite and austenite are not distinguished from each other in a repeller-corroded structure.
[0030]
Furthermore, the steel plate after the tempering heat treatment was chamfered to a thickness of 1.4 mm, a JIS No. 5 test piece was prepared, a tensile test was performed, and the mechanical properties were measured. These measurement results are also shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
[0031]
[Table 2]
[0032]
[Table 3]
[0033]
From Table 2 and Table 3, in the invention examples in which the steel components, the tempered martensite bainite amount, and the retained austenite amount are appropriate, the local elongation is 8% or more and the strength / ductility balance (TS · El) is 230 MPa or more. In addition, it can be seen that it has high strength, high ductility, and excellent local ductility. On the other hand, even if the components are appropriate, Sample Nos. 9, 11, 20, and 37 that are not suitable for tempering treatment cannot obtain the desired retained austenite amount, and the local elongation is only about 6% or uniform elongation. Deteriorated. Further, No. 18 having a high cold rolling rate of 40% cracked during cold rolling, and No. 19 having a cold rolling rate of 25% did not crack, but recrystallization occurred during tempering heat treatment. The amount of retained austenite was insufficient, and the local ductility deteriorated. No. 14 is a comparative example in which the amount of C is excessive and weldability is inferior, and No. 17 is a comparative example in which the amount of Si is excessive and plating and weldability are inferior. Samples Nos. 24, 27, 29, 31, and 34 have excessive amounts of auxiliary elements such as Ni, Cu, Ti, Nb, V, and Mo, so the amount of retained austenite does not fall within the appropriate range. As a result, local elongation or uniform elongation is degraded.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the steel of the present invention and the steel plate, under the specific component containing 3.0 to 7.0% Mn, the production of retained austenite is suppressed to 10% or more and less than 20%, and tempered martensite and tempered. Since bainite is 30% or more in terms of area ratio , excellent local ductility can be obtained while having high strength and high ductility. Moreover, according to the manufacturing method of this invention, the said high intensity | strength hot-rolled steel plate can be manufactured easily.
Claims (8)
C :0.06〜0.20%、
Si:2.0%以下、
Mn:3.0〜7.0%、
Al:0.10%以下
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなり、残留オーステナイトが体積率で10%以上、20%未満であり、焼き戻しマルテンサイトおよび焼き戻しベイナイトが面積率で30%以上である、局部延性に優れた高強度高延性鋼。mass%
C: 0.06 to 0.20%
Si: 2.0% or less,
Mn: 3.0-7.0%,
Al: 0.10% or less
The residual austenite is 10% or more and less than 20% by volume, the tempered martensite and tempered bainite are 30% or more by area ratio, and has excellent local ductility. High strength and high ductility steel.
前記焼き戻し熱処理は700℃以下、A1点を超える焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、900秒以下保持するか、あるいはA1点以下、(A1点−50)℃以上の焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、3時間以下保持する、局部延性に優れた高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。A method for producing a high-strength and high-ductility steel sheet, comprising: hot-rolling a steel having the component described in any one of claims 1 to 5 ; subjecting the obtained hot-rolled sheet to tempering heat treatment; ,
The tempering heat treatment is 700 ° C. or less, held at a tempering temperature exceeding A1 point for 20 seconds or more and 900 seconds or less, or A1 point or less, (A1 point−50) tempering temperature of 20 ° C. or more for 20 seconds. As described above , a method for producing a high-strength, high-ductility steel sheet excellent in local ductility, which is maintained for 3 hours or less .
前記冷間圧延における圧下率を20%以下とし、
前記焼き戻し熱処理は700℃以下、A1点を超える焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、900秒以下保持するか、あるいはA1点以下、(A1点−50)℃以上の焼き戻し温度にて20秒以上、3時間以下保持する、局部延性に優れた高強度高延性鋼板の製造方法。Hot-rolling the steel having the component described in any one of claims 1 to 5, subjecting the obtained hot-rolled sheet to cold rolling, subjecting the obtained cold-rolled sheet to tempering heat treatment, A method for producing a high strength and high ductility steel sheet for cooling,
The rolling reduction in the cold rolling is 20% or less,
The tempering heat treatment is 700 ° C. or less, held at a tempering temperature exceeding A1 point for 20 seconds or more and 900 seconds or less, or A1 point or less, (A1 point−50) tempering temperature of 20 ° C. or more for 20 seconds. As described above , a method for producing a high-strength, high-ductility steel sheet excellent in local ductility, which is maintained for 3 hours or less .
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