JP3851753B2 - Light oil composition - Google Patents

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JP3851753B2
JP3851753B2 JP2000127218A JP2000127218A JP3851753B2 JP 3851753 B2 JP3851753 B2 JP 3851753B2 JP 2000127218 A JP2000127218 A JP 2000127218A JP 2000127218 A JP2000127218 A JP 2000127218A JP 3851753 B2 JP3851753 B2 JP 3851753B2
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light oil
oil
oil composition
lubricity improver
volume
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JP2001311086A (en
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敬朗 大森
和義 浪山
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Tonen General Sekiyu KK
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Tonen General Sekiyu KK
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規な軽油組成物に関する。さらに詳しくは、特定組成の接触分解軽油および潤滑性向上剤を含んでなる軽油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ディーゼルエンジンは、自動車、船舶、建設機械などに搭載されて社会に広く普及しており、更に年々増加する傾向にある。一方、環境保全の観点から、有害な排気ガスによる大気汚染は国際的な問題となってきており、汚染源の一つであるディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスについても、汚染物質の排出量削減が社会的に厳しく要求されている。
【0003】
ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス中の窒素酸化物、粒子状物質などの排出物質を低減するために、燃焼室の形状の改良、排気ガス再循環装置(EGR装置)、排気ガス浄化用触媒装置、粒子状物質の捕集装置の装着、軽油およびディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油の品質の改良など、多方面からの努力がなされている。有力な方法の一つとして見なされているEGR装置は、ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスを、燃焼用空気の一部として、燃焼室に再度循環する装置であるが、排気ガス中の硫酸イオン、粒子状物質などに起因して、エンジンの耐久性や信頼性の低下、潤滑油の劣化、粒子状物質の排出量の増大、出力の低下などの多くの問題を有する。特に、高負荷運転が求められる直接噴射方式のディーゼルエンジンに装着した場合に問題が大きい。硫酸イオンは、軽油中に含有される硫黄分に由来するものであることから、硫黄分を0.05重量%以下とする「軽油の低硫黄化」が求められている。
【0004】
軽油に含有される硫黄分は、基材油の精製処理、特に接触水素処理により高度に低減することができる。しかし、硫黄分を低減すると、同時に基材油中の潤滑性能に寄与する微量成分も分解、変質または除去されることから、軽油の潤滑性能が低下する。このために、低硫黄分軽油は、ディーゼルエンジンのインジェクションポンプの損傷を招くという問題があった。特に、硫黄分が0.2重量%以下に低減すると、潤滑性能の低減も著しく、インジェクションポンプの摩耗量は、硫黄分の低下と共に顕著に増大することが知られている。
【0005】
このような問題を解決するために、従来より、低硫黄分軽油に潤滑性向上剤を添加することが試みられてきた。たとえば、特開平8−134476号公報には、低硫黄分軽油留分に、ジアミンのジカルボン酸塩、ジアミンのモノカルボン酸塩、モノアミンのカルボン酸塩のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種を添加してなる低硫黄分軽油組成物が記載されている。また、特表平8−505893号公報には、低硫黄分の液体炭化水素中級燃料油(例えばディーゼル燃料)に、炭素原子を2〜50有するカルボン酸と炭素原子を1以上有するアルコールとのエステル(例えばグリセロールモノオレエート)を添加した燃料油組成物が記載されている。
【0006】
さらに、特開平11−181452号公報に、原油の常圧蒸留より得られる直留軽油留分を0.001容量%以上を含有した低硫黄分軽油に、潤滑性向上剤を25〜200容量ppm配合した低硫黄軽油組成物は、優れた耐摩耗性を有することが開示されている。また、特開平11−335678号公報には、2環以上の多環芳香族を25容量%以上含む接触分解軽油から分離した極性成分で構成される低硫黄軽油用潤滑剤、およびこれを添加した低硫黄軽油組成物が開示され、このような低硫黄軽油組成物は、高価な潤滑性向上剤を用いることなく、摩耗特性を向上させることができるとしている。
【0007】
しかし、これらの技術はいずれも高価な潤滑性向上剤あるいは特殊な成分を低硫黄分軽油に配合するものであり、また潤滑性能の向上効果も不充分なものであった。そのために、所望の潤滑性能を達成するべく、これらの潤滑性向上剤あるいは特殊な成分を多量に添加する必要があり、その結果低硫黄分軽油の製造コストが増加するという問題があった。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、総硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下であり、かつ優れた潤滑性能を有する軽油組成物を低コストで提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、軽油の基材油として接触分解軽油に注目し、その組成と潤滑性向上剤との作用機構について鋭意検討した結果、特定量の2環以上と3環以上の多環芳香族化合物を含む接触分解軽油を配合した軽油は、潤滑性向上剤の性能を相乗的に向上させること、その結果潤滑性向上剤の添加量を大幅に低減させることができること、したがって優れた潤滑性能を有する低硫黄分軽油を低コストで経済的に製造できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明によって、軽油基材油中に接触分解軽油を0.01容量%以上および潤滑性向上剤を20〜200重量ppmを配合してなり、総硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下である軽油組成物において、該接触分解軽油は、(1)2環以上の多環芳香族化合物25容量%以上、および(2)3環以上の多環芳香族化合物5容量%以上を含むことを特徴とする軽油組成物が提供される。
【0011】
本発明は、上記のような軽油組成物に係るものであるが、その好ましい実施の態様として、次のものを包含する。
(1)前記接触分解軽油は、0.05〜2容量%配合されることを特徴とする前記の軽油組成物。
(2)前記接触分解軽油は、2環以上の多環芳香族化合物を30〜50容量%含むことを特徴とする前記または上記(1)のいずれかに記載の軽油組成物。
(3)前記接触分解軽油は、3環以上の多環芳香族化合物を10〜20容量%含むことを特徴とする前記、上記(1)または(2)のいずれかに記載の軽油組成物。
(4)前記潤滑性向上剤は、エステル系化合物であることを特徴とする前記、または上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の軽油組成物。
(5)前記潤滑性向上剤は、40〜160重量ppm配合されることを特徴とする前記、または上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の軽油組成物。
(6)前記潤滑性向上剤は、60〜120重量ppm配合されることを特徴とする前記、または上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の軽油組成物。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明の軽油組成物は、軽油基材油に特定量の2環以上および3環以上の多環芳香族化合物を含む接触分解軽油および潤滑性向上剤を配合したものであり、また総硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下のものである。
【0013】
(軽油基材油)
本発明の軽油組成物を構成する軽油基材油は、特に限定するものではなく公知の低硫黄分の軽油基材油を用いることができる。たとえば、鉱油を主成分とし、引火点が40℃以上、かつ蒸留性状の90%留出温度が360℃以下の軽油留分であって、硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下、好ましくは0.04重量%以下のものである。
【0014】
軽油基材油の硫黄分は、その製造工程で、高度に脱硫処理をすることにより、低減することができる。脱硫処理の程度は、本発明の軽油組成物の総硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下となるように、適宜脱硫条件を制御して設定することができる。
【0015】
鉱油としては、原油を常圧蒸留して得られる軽油留分のほか、原油を常圧蒸留または減圧蒸留して得られる石油留分を、水素化精製、水素化分解、接触分解、溶剤抽出などの処理を組み合わせて得られる軽油留分を挙げることができる。また、鉱油以外の成分としては、例えば大豆油、ヤシ油、なたね油などの植物油、鯨油、魚油などの動物油などを挙げることができる。これらの軽油留分は、単独にまたは混合して使用することができる。
【0016】
(接触分解軽油)
本発明の軽油組成物を構成する接触分解軽油は、原油の常圧残油を脱硫した留分または常圧残油をさらに減圧蒸留および脱硫して得られる重質軽油留分などの重質油を原料として、これを接触分解して得られる軽油留分であって、特に限定するものではなく、公知のものを用いることができる。しかし、本発明においては、接触分解軽油は、2環以上の多環芳香族化合物を25容量%以上、好ましくは30〜50容量%、および3環以上の多環芳香族化合物を5容量%以上、好ましくは10〜20容量%含有することが肝要である。2環以上の多環芳香族化合物が25容量%未満の場合および/または3環以上の多環芳香族化合物が5容量%未満の場合は、潤滑性向上剤の性能を相乗的に向上させる効果が小さい。このため、軽油組成物が所望の潤滑性能を有するために多量の潤滑性向上剤を配合する必要があり経済的でない。
【0017】
2環以上または3環以上のいずれの多環芳香族化合物についても、その上限値は特定されるものではない。しかし、その含有量の増加と共に潤滑性向上剤の性能を相乗的に向上させるものの、軽油組成物のセタン価を低下させ、排出ガス特性を悪化させるという問題がある。2環以上の多環芳香族化合物の含有量は、通常接触分解装置の運転条件からみて50容量%以下である。また、3環以上の多環芳香族化合物の含有量も、接触分解軽油は軽油留分であってその沸点範囲が通常約220〜350℃であること、また3環多環芳香族化合物であるアントラセンおよびフェナントレンの沸点が約340℃であることから、通常20容量%以下である。
【0018】
また、接触分解軽油は、通常0.1〜1.0重量%の硫黄分を含有するが、水素処理などにより適宜脱硫して低硫黄分とすることができる。脱硫処理の程度は、接触分解軽油を配合した際に、本発明の軽油組成物の総硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下となるように、適宜脱硫条件を制御して設定することができる。脱硫処理後の硫黄分は通常0.02〜0.05重量%である。
【0019】
さらに、本発明の軽油組成物における接触分解軽油の配合量は、0.01容量%以上、好ましくは0.05〜2容量%とするものである。0.01容量%未満の場合は、潤滑性向上剤の性能を相乗的に向上させる効果が小さく、軽油組成物が所望の潤滑性能を有するために多量の潤滑性向上剤を配合する必要がある。一方、接触分解軽油の含有量の上限値は、特に限定するものではない。しかし、含有量の増加と共に潤滑性向上剤の性能を相乗的に向上させるものの、軽油組成物のセタン価を低下させ、排出ガス特性を悪化させるという問題がある。通常2容量%以下である。
【0020】
(潤滑性向上剤)
本発明の軽油組成物を構成する潤滑性向上剤は、特に限定するものではなく、公知のものを使用することができる。たとえば、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、オレイン酸などの脂肪酸系化合物、リノール酸とグリセリンのエステルに代表される脂肪酸と多価アルコールとのエステルなどのエステル系化合物などを挙げることができる。好ましくはエステル系化合物である。潤滑性向上剤の配合量は、20〜200重量ppm、好ましくは40〜160重量ppm、さらに好ましくは60〜120重量ppmである。これらの潤滑性向上剤は、単独にまたは2種以上を混合して使用することができる。20重量ppm未満の場合には、潤滑性能を向上する効果が得られず、200重量ppmを超える場合には、配合量に見合うだけの潤滑性能を向上する効果が得られないので経済的でない。
【0021】
(軽油組成物)
本発明の軽油組成物は、上記した通りの軽油基材油に、上記したとおりの接触分解軽油および潤滑性向上剤、さらに所望により他の燃料油添加剤を配合してなるものである。また、本発明の軽油組成物の製造方法は、特に限定するものではなく、公知の軽油製造方法を採用して行なうことができる。
【0022】
所望により配合することができる燃料油添加剤は、本発明の軽油組成物の性能を損なわない範囲で、公知のものを使用することができる。たとえば、流動性向上剤、流動点降下剤、セタン価向上剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性化剤、清浄剤、腐食防止剤、氷結防止剤、微生物殺菌剤、助燃剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤などを挙げることができる。これらの添加剤は、1種または2種以上を適宜組み合わせて使用することができる。これらの添加剤の添加量は、たとえば流動点降下剤の場合、0.1〜0.5重量%であるがこの添加量に限定するものでない。
【0023】
流動性向上剤としては、ポリエチレングリコールエステル系化合物、エチレン−酢酸ビニル系共重合体、エチレン−アルキルアクリレート系共重合体、塩素化ポリエチレン、ポリアルキルアクリレート、アルケニルこはく酸アミド系化合物などを挙げることができる。
【0024】
さらに、所望により、本発明の軽油組成物は、その性能を損なわない範囲で、含酸素化合物を配合することもできる。たとえば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール、tert−ブタノール、アミルアルコール、イソアミルアルコール、n−オクタノール、2−エチルヘキサノール、n−ヘプチルアルコール、トリデシルアルコール、シクロヘキサノール、メチルシクロヘキサノールなどの脂肪族アルコール、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル、エチルtert−ブチルエーテルなどのエーテル類、ジエチルフタレート、ジプロピルフタレート、ジブチルフタレートなどのジアルキルフタレート系化合物、エチレングリコールモノイソブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノn−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノイソブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノn−ブチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノn−ブチルエーテルなどのグリコール・エーテル系化合物、ヒドロキシルアミン系化合物、アセチルアセトンなどのジケトン化合物などを挙げることができる。含酸素化合物の配合量は、1〜15重量%の範囲であるが、この配合量に限定するものではない。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を挙げて、本発明の軽油組成物をさらに詳細に説明する。なお本発明は、以下の実施例によって何等限定されるものではない。また以下の実施例および比較例では、次に示す軽油基材油、接触分解軽油および潤滑性向上剤を使用した。
【0026】
(1)軽油基材油
軽油基材油として、中東原油を常圧蒸留して軽油留分を得、これを水素脱硫処理をして得たものを用いた。表1に、実施例および比較例で用いた軽油基材油の一般性状を示した。2環以上および3環以上の多環芳香族化合物の含有量は、石油学会法(JPI−5S−49−97)(HPLC法)に準拠して測定した。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0003851753
【0028】
(2)接触分解軽油
減圧軽油を流動接触分解して接触分解軽油留分を得、これを水素脱硫処理をして得た接触分解軽油Aを用いた。また、減圧軽油の流動接触分解に際して、接触分解装置の運転条件を調節して軽質の接触分解軽油留分を得、これを水素脱硫処理をして得た接触分解軽油Bを用いた。表1に、接触分解軽油Aおよび接触分解軽油Bの一般性状を示した。2環以上および3環以上の多環芳香族化合物は、上記した方法によって測定した。
【0029】
(3)潤滑性向上剤
PDN655(Infineum社製、エステル系化合物を有効成分とする潤滑性向上剤)を用いた。
【0030】
(実施例1)
軽油基材油に、軽油組成物の全容量を基準として接触分解軽油Aを1.0容量%配合し、次いで軽油組成物の全重量を基準として潤滑性向上剤(PDN655)を、約85、約105、約120重量ppm配合して3種類の軽油組成物(1)〜(3)を調製した。軽油組成物(1)〜(3)のうち軽油組成物(1)について、配合割合、潤滑性向上剤の配合量および一般性状を表2に示した。また、潤滑性試験方法は、下記のとおりである。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0003851753
【0032】
(潤滑性試験方法)
軽油組成物の潤滑性能は、JPI−5S−50−98(軽油−潤滑性試験方法)に準拠して試験した。HFRR試験装置(High Frequency Reciprocating Rig)(PCS社製)を使用し、表3に示した試験条件で、摩耗痕径(WSD)(μm)を測定した。摩耗痕径は、(摩耗痕の長径+磨耗痕の短径)/2から計算して求め、かつ試験を数回繰り返して得られた値の平均値である。潤滑性能が優れる軽油組成物は摩耗痕径が小さく、逆に潤滑性能が劣る軽油組成物は摩耗痕径が大きい。
【0033】
【表3】
Figure 0003851753
【0034】
次いで、3種類の軽油組成物について、それぞれ潤滑性試験を行って摩耗痕径を測定し、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を図1の曲線1に示した。図1において、縦軸は摩耗痕径を表し、目標とする摩耗痕径(基準摩耗痕径)を1.0とする相対摩耗痕径で示した。一方横軸は潤滑性向上剤の配合量を表し、後述する比較例1において、基準摩耗痕径(1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の配合量(基準配合量)を1.0とする相対配合量で示した。また、図1の曲線1から、基準摩耗痕径(1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量(0.87)を求めた。これを表4に示した。
【0035】
【表4】
Figure 0003851753
【0036】
(実施例2)
実施例1において、接触分解軽油Aを0.1容量%配合したことを除いて実施例1と同様にして、潤滑性向上剤の配合量が異なる3種類の軽油組成物(4)〜(6)を調製した。軽油組成物(4)〜(6)のうち軽油組成物(4)について、配合割合、潤滑性向上剤の配合量および一般性状を表2に示した。次いで、3種類の軽油組成物について、それぞれ潤滑性試験を行って摩耗痕径を測定し、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を図1の曲線2に示した。また、図1の曲線2から、基準摩耗痕径(1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量(0.90)を求めた。これを表4に示した。
【0037】
(比較例1)
実施例1において、接触分解軽油Aを用いなかったことを除いて実施例1と同様にして、潤滑性向上剤の配合量が異なる3種類の軽油組成物(7)〜(9)を調製した。軽油組成物(7)〜(9)のうち軽油組成物(7)について、配合割合、潤滑性向上剤の配合量および一般性状を表5に示した。次いで、3種類の軽油組成物について、それぞれ潤滑性試験を行って摩耗痕径を測定し、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を図1の曲線3に示した。また、比較例1の軽油組成物においては、前述したとおり、基準摩耗痕径(1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量は1.00である。これを表4に示した。
【0038】
【表5】
Figure 0003851753
【0039】
(比較例2)
実施例1において、接触分解軽油Aに替えて接触分解軽油Bを1.0容量%配合したことを除いて実施例1と同様にして、潤滑性向上剤の配合量が異なる3種類の軽油組成物(10)〜(12)を調製した。軽油組成物(10)〜(12)のうち軽油組成物(10)について、配合割合、潤滑性向上剤の配合量および一般性状を表5に示した。次いで、3種類の軽油組成物について、それぞれ潤滑性試験を行って摩耗痕径を測定し、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を図1の曲線4に示した。また、図1の曲線4から、基準摩耗痕径(1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量(1.07)を求めた。これを表4に示した。
【0040】
(比較例3)
実施例1において、接触分解軽油Aに替えて接触分解軽油Bを0.1容量%配合したことを除いて実施例1と同様にして、潤滑性向上剤の配合量が異なる3種類の軽油組成物(13)〜(15)を調製した。軽油組成物(13)〜(15)のうち軽油組成物(13)について、配合割合、潤滑性向上剤の配合量および一般性状を表5に示した。次いで、3種類の軽油組成物について、それぞれ潤滑性試験を行って摩耗痕径を測定し、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を図1の曲線5に示した。また、図1の曲線5から、基準摩耗痕径(1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量(1.10以上)を求めた。これを表4に示した
【0041】
図1の曲線1および表4の結果から明らかなように、実施例1の軽油組成物は、潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量の増加と共に相対摩耗痕径が顕著に低減し、目標とする摩耗痕径(基準摩耗痕径=1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量は0.87であった。同様に、実施例2の軽油組成物の相対配合量は、曲線2および表4の結果からみて0.90であった。これに対して、比較例1〜3の軽油組成物の場合は、曲線3〜5および表4の結果からみて、いずれも潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量の増加と共に、相対摩耗痕径が低減するものの、目標とする摩耗痕径(基準摩耗痕径=1.0)を達成するためには、従来と同様の1.0若しくはそれ以上の相対配合量を必要とした。また、比較例3の軽油組成物の場合は、相対配合量を増加しても目標とする摩耗痕径(基準摩耗痕径=1.0)を達成することができなかった。
【0042】
すなわち、本発明の実施例1および2の軽油組成物は、比較例1〜3の軽油組成物に比べて、目標とする摩耗痕径(基準摩耗痕径=1.0)を達成するために必要な潤滑性向上剤の相対配合量を、従前の1.0以上から0.87〜0.90まで、約10%以上低減したものであった。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細かつ具体的に説明したように、本発明によれば、軽油組成物の構成を、軽油基材油中に接触分解軽油0.01容量%以上および潤滑性向上剤20〜200重量ppmを配合してなり、総硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下である軽油組成物において、該接触分解軽油は、(1)2環以上の多環芳香族化合物を25容量%以上、および(2)3環以上の多環芳香族化合物を5容量%以上含むこととしたことから、このような軽油組成物は、優れた潤滑性能を有し、その結果潤滑性向上剤の配合量を低減させることができ、したがって潤滑性能に優れた軽油組成物を低コストで製造できるという効果を奏した。また、軽油基材油として接触分解軽油を有効利用できることが期待できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1、実施例2および比較例1〜3の軽油組成物について、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を表す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 実施例1の軽油組成物について、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を表わす線である。
2 実施例2の軽油組成物について、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を表わす線である。
3 比較例1の軽油組成物について、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を表わす線である。
4 比較例2の軽油組成物について、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を表わす線である。
5 比較例3の軽油組成物について、潤滑性向上剤の配合量と摩耗痕径との関係を表わす線である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel light oil composition. More specifically, the present invention relates to a light oil composition comprising a catalytically cracked light oil having a specific composition and a lubricity improver.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Diesel engines are installed in automobiles, ships, construction machines, and the like and are widely used in society, and are increasing year by year. On the other hand, air pollution caused by harmful exhaust gas has become an international problem from the viewpoint of environmental conservation, and the exhaust emission of diesel engine, one of the sources of pollution, has been socially reduced. It is strictly demanded.
[0003]
Improvement of combustion chamber shape, exhaust gas recirculation device (EGR device), exhaust gas purification catalyst device, particulate matter to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust gas Efforts are being made in many ways, including the installation of material collection devices and the improvement of the quality of diesel oil and diesel engine lubricants. The EGR device, which is regarded as one of the leading methods, is a device that circulates exhaust gas of a diesel engine as a part of combustion air to a combustion chamber again. Due to the substance and the like, there are many problems such as a decrease in durability and reliability of the engine, deterioration of the lubricating oil, an increase in the discharge amount of particulate matter, and a decrease in output. In particular, the problem is great when it is mounted on a direct injection type diesel engine that requires high-load operation. Since the sulfate ion is derived from the sulfur content contained in the light oil, there is a demand for “reducing the sulfur content of the light oil” so that the sulfur content is 0.05% by weight or less.
[0004]
The sulfur content contained in the light oil can be reduced to a high degree by refining the base oil, particularly catalytic hydrogenation. However, when the sulfur content is reduced, trace components that contribute to the lubricating performance in the base oil are also decomposed, altered, or removed, so that the lubricating performance of the light oil is lowered. For this reason, there has been a problem that the low sulfur gas oil causes damage to the injection pump of the diesel engine. In particular, it is known that when the sulfur content is reduced to 0.2% by weight or less, the lubrication performance is remarkably reduced, and the wear amount of the injection pump is remarkably increased as the sulfur content is reduced.
[0005]
In order to solve such a problem, it has been attempted to add a lubricity improver to a low sulfur gas oil. For example, in JP-A-8-134476, at least one selected from a dicarboxylate of diamine, a monocarboxylate of diamine, and a carboxylate of monoamine is added to a low sulfur gas oil fraction. A low sulfur gas oil composition is described. In addition, JP-A-8-505893 discloses an ester of a low-sulfur liquid hydrocarbon intermediate fuel oil (for example, diesel fuel) with a carboxylic acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms and an alcohol having one or more carbon atoms. A fuel oil composition with added (eg glycerol monooleate) is described.
[0006]
Furthermore, JP-A-11-181442 discloses a straight-run gas oil fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil to a low sulfur gas oil containing 0.001% by volume or more, and a lubricity improver of 25 to 200 ppm by volume. It is disclosed that the blended low sulfur gas oil composition has excellent wear resistance. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-335678 added a lubricant for low sulfur gas oil composed of a polar component separated from catalytically cracked gas oil containing 25% by volume or more of two or more polycyclic aromatics, and this. A low sulfur gas oil composition is disclosed, and such a low sulfur gas oil composition can improve wear characteristics without using an expensive lubricity improver.
[0007]
However, all of these techniques are those in which an expensive lubricity improver or a special component is added to the low sulfur gas oil, and the effect of improving the lubrication performance is insufficient. Therefore, in order to achieve desired lubrication performance, it is necessary to add a large amount of these lubricity improvers or special components, resulting in an increase in the production cost of low sulfur gas oil.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a light oil composition having a total sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or less and having excellent lubricating performance at low cost.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention paid attention to catalytic cracking gas oil as a base oil of light oil, and as a result of intensive studies on the mechanism of action of the composition and lubricity improver, a specific amount of two or more rings and three or more rings of polycyclic aroma Gas oil blended with catalytically cracked diesel oil containing a group of compounds synergistically improves the performance of the lubricity improver, and as a result, can greatly reduce the amount of added lubricity improver, and therefore has excellent lubrication performance The present inventors have found that a low-sulfur gas oil having a low molecular weight can be produced economically at low cost, and the present invention has been completed.
[0010]
That is, according to the present invention, 0.01% by volume or more of catalytic cracking gas oil and 20 to 200 ppm by weight of a lubricity improver are blended in the gas base oil, and the total sulfur content is 0.05% by weight or less. In one gas oil composition, the catalytic cracking gas oil contains (1) 25% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 2 or more rings and (2) 5% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 3 or more rings. A featured light oil composition is provided.
[0011]
The present invention relates to the light oil composition as described above, and includes the following as preferred embodiments thereof.
(1) The said light oil composition characterized by mix | blending the said catalytic cracking light oil 0.05-2 volume%.
(2) The gas oil composition according to any one of (1) and (1) above, wherein the catalytically cracked light oil contains 30 to 50% by volume of a polycyclic aromatic compound having two or more rings.
(3) The light oil composition according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the catalytically cracked light oil contains 10 to 20% by volume of a polycyclic aromatic compound having three or more rings.
(4) The light oil composition as described above or in any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the lubricity improver is an ester compound.
(5) The light oil composition according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the lubricity improver is blended in an amount of 40 to 160 ppm by weight.
(6) The light oil composition according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the lubricity improver is blended in an amount of 60 to 120 ppm by weight.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below. The gas oil composition of the present invention comprises a gas oil base oil blended with a specific amount of a catalytically cracked gas oil containing a polycyclic aromatic compound having two or more rings and three or more rings and a lubricity improver, and has a total sulfur content. Is 0.05% by weight or less.
[0013]
(Light oil base oil)
The light oil base oil constituting the light oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a known light oil base oil having a low sulfur content can be used. For example, a gas oil fraction mainly composed of mineral oil, having a flash point of 40 ° C. or higher and a distillation property of 90% distillation temperature of 360 ° C. or lower, and having a sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or less, preferably 0.8%. 04% by weight or less.
[0014]
The sulfur content of the gas oil base oil can be reduced by highly desulfurizing the production process. The degree of desulfurization treatment can be set by appropriately controlling the desulfurization conditions so that the total sulfur content of the light oil composition of the present invention is 0.05% by weight or less.
[0015]
Mineral oil can be obtained by hydrorefining, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, solvent extraction, etc. in addition to light oil fractions obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil and petroleum fractions obtained by atmospheric or vacuum distillation of crude oil. The light oil fraction obtained by combining these treatments can be mentioned. Examples of components other than mineral oil include vegetable oils such as soybean oil, coconut oil and rapeseed oil, and animal oils such as whale oil and fish oil. These light oil fractions can be used alone or in combination.
[0016]
(Catalytic cracking light oil)
The catalytic cracking gas oil constituting the gas oil composition of the present invention is a heavy oil such as a fraction obtained by desulfurizing a crude oil atmospheric residue or a heavy gas oil fraction obtained by further vacuum distillation and desulfurization of an atmospheric residue. Is a light oil fraction obtained by catalytically cracking this as a raw material, and is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used. However, in the present invention, the catalytically cracked light oil contains 25% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 2 or more rings, preferably 30 to 50% by volume, and 5% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 3 or more rings. However, it is important to contain 10 to 20% by volume. When the polycyclic aromatic compound having two or more rings is less than 25% by volume and / or when the polycyclic aromatic compound having three or more rings is less than 5% by volume, the effect of synergistically improving the performance of the lubricity improver Is small. For this reason, since a light oil composition has desired lubrication performance, it is necessary to mix | blend a lot of lubricity improvers, and it is not economical.
[0017]
The upper limit is not specified for any polycyclic aromatic compound having 2 or more rings or 3 or more rings. However, although the performance of the lubricity improver is synergistically improved with the increase in the content, there is a problem that the cetane number of the light oil composition is lowered and the exhaust gas characteristics are deteriorated. The content of the polycyclic aromatic compound having two or more rings is usually 50% by volume or less in view of operating conditions of the catalytic cracking apparatus. The content of polycyclic aromatic compounds having 3 or more rings is also that the catalytic cracking gas oil is a light oil fraction, and its boiling range is usually about 220 to 350 ° C., and is also a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic compound. Since the boiling point of anthracene and phenanthrene is about 340 ° C., it is usually 20% by volume or less.
[0018]
In addition, the catalytic cracking gas oil usually contains 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of sulfur, but can be appropriately desulfurized by hydrogen treatment or the like to obtain a low sulfur content. The degree of desulfurization treatment can be set by appropriately controlling the desulfurization conditions so that the total sulfur content of the light oil composition of the present invention is 0.05% by weight or less when the catalytic cracking light oil is blended. The sulfur content after the desulfurization treatment is usually 0.02 to 0.05% by weight.
[0019]
Furthermore, the compounding quantity of the catalytic cracking light oil in the light oil composition of this invention shall be 0.01 volume% or more, Preferably it is 0.05-2 volume%. If it is less than 0.01% by volume, the effect of synergistically improving the performance of the lubricity improver is small, and it is necessary to add a large amount of the lubricity improver in order for the light oil composition to have the desired lubrication performance. . On the other hand, the upper limit value of the content of the catalytic cracking light oil is not particularly limited. However, although the performance of the lubricity improver is synergistically improved as the content is increased, there is a problem that the cetane number of the light oil composition is lowered and the exhaust gas characteristics are deteriorated. Usually 2% by volume or less.
[0020]
(Lubricity improver)
The lubricity improver constituting the light oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used. Examples thereof include fatty acid compounds such as stearic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, and ester compounds such as esters of fatty acids and polyhydric alcohols typified by esters of linoleic acid and glycerin. Of these, ester compounds are preferred. The blending amount of the lubricity improver is 20 to 200 ppm by weight, preferably 40 to 160 ppm by weight, and more preferably 60 to 120 ppm by weight. These lubricity improvers can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. If it is less than 20 ppm by weight, the effect of improving the lubrication performance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 200 ppm by weight, the effect of improving the lubrication performance commensurate with the blending amount cannot be obtained, which is not economical.
[0021]
(Light oil composition)
The light oil composition of the present invention is obtained by blending the light base oil as described above with the catalytic cracking light oil and the lubricity improver as described above, and, if desired, other fuel oil additives. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the light oil composition of this invention is not specifically limited, It can carry out by employ | adopting a well-known light oil manufacturing method.
[0022]
As the fuel oil additive that can be blended as desired, known fuel oil additives can be used as long as the performance of the light oil composition of the present invention is not impaired. For example, fluidity improvers, pour point depressants, cetane number improvers, antioxidants, metal deactivators, detergents, corrosion inhibitors, anti-icing agents, microbial disinfectants, auxiliary agents, antistatic agents, coloring An agent etc. can be mentioned. These additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of these additives added is, for example, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight in the case of a pour point depressant, but is not limited thereto.
[0023]
Examples of fluidity improvers include polyethylene glycol ester compounds, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers, chlorinated polyethylene, polyalkyl acrylates, and alkenyl succinic acid amide compounds. it can.
[0024]
Furthermore, if desired, the light oil composition of the present invention can be blended with an oxygen-containing compound as long as the performance is not impaired. For example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-heptyl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, etc. Aliphatic alcohols, ethers such as methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl tert-butyl ether, dialkyl phthalate compounds such as diethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, ethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, diethylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisobutyl Ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol Mono-n- butyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycol ether compounds, such as dipropylene glycol monobutyl n- butyl ether, hydroxylamine-based compounds, and the like diketone compounds such as acetylacetone. The blending amount of the oxygen-containing compound is in the range of 1 to 15% by weight, but is not limited to this blending amount.
[0025]
【Example】
Below, an Example is given and the light oil composition of this invention is demonstrated in detail. In addition, this invention is not limited at all by the following examples. In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the following light oil base oil, catalytic cracked light oil and lubricity improver were used.
[0026]
(1) Gas oil base oil A gas oil base oil obtained by subjecting Middle Eastern crude oil to atmospheric distillation to obtain a gas oil fraction, which was hydrodesulfurized. Table 1 shows general properties of the light oil base oil used in Examples and Comparative Examples. The content of polycyclic aromatic compounds having 2 or more rings and 3 or more rings was measured according to the Petroleum Institute Method (JPI-5S-49-97) (HPLC method).
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003851753
[0028]
(2) Catalytic cracking gas oil The vacuum cracking gas oil was fluidized catalytically cracked to obtain a catalytic cracking gas oil fraction, and catalytic cracking gas oil A obtained by hydrodesulfurization treatment was used. Further, during fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil, the operating conditions of the catalytic cracking apparatus were adjusted to obtain a light catalytic cracking gas oil fraction, and catalytic cracking gas oil B obtained by hydrodesulfurization treatment was used. Table 1 shows general properties of catalytic cracking light oil A and catalytic cracking light oil B. Two or more ring and three or more ring polycyclic aromatic compounds were measured by the method described above.
[0029]
(3) Lubricity improver PDN655 (manufactured by Infineum, a lubricity improver containing an ester compound as an active ingredient) was used.
[0030]
Example 1
1.0% by volume of catalytic cracking gas oil A based on the total volume of the gas oil composition is blended with the gas oil base oil, and then a lubricity improver (PDN655) based on the total weight of the gas oil composition is about 85, About 105 and about 120 weight ppm were blended to prepare three types of light oil compositions (1) to (3). Table 2 shows the blending ratio, blending amount of the lubricity improver, and general properties of the light oil composition (1) among the light oil compositions (1) to (3). The lubricity test method is as follows.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003851753
[0032]
(Lubricity test method)
The lubricating performance of the light oil composition was tested according to JPI-5S-50-98 (light oil-lubricity test method). The wear scar diameter (WSD) (μm) was measured under the test conditions shown in Table 3 using an HFRR test apparatus (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) (manufactured by PCS). The wear scar diameter is an average value of values obtained by calculating from (the major axis of the wear scar + the minor axis of the wear scar) / 2 and repeating the test several times. A light oil composition with excellent lubrication performance has a small wear scar diameter, while a light oil composition with poor lubrication performance has a large wear scar diameter.
[0033]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003851753
[0034]
Next, for each of the three types of light oil compositions, a lubricity test was performed to measure the wear scar diameter, and the relationship between the blending amount of the lubricity improver and the wear scar diameter is shown in curve 1 of FIG. In FIG. 1, the vertical axis represents the wear scar diameter, and is represented by a relative wear scar diameter where the target wear scar diameter (reference wear scar diameter) is 1.0. On the other hand, the horizontal axis represents the blending amount of the lubricity improver. In Comparative Example 1 described later, the blending amount (reference blending amount) of the lubricity improving agent necessary to achieve the reference wear scar diameter (1.0). The relative blending amount is 1.0. Further, from curve 1 in FIG. 1, the relative blending amount (0.87) of the lubricity improver necessary to achieve the reference wear scar diameter (1.0) was determined. This is shown in Table 4.
[0035]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003851753
[0036]
(Example 2)
In Example 1, the same three types of light oil compositions (4) to (6) as shown in Example 1, except that 0.1% by volume of catalytically cracked light oil A was blended. ) Was prepared. Table 2 shows the blending ratio, blending amount of the lubricity improver, and general properties of the light oil composition (4) among the light oil compositions (4) to (6). Next, a lubricity test was conducted for each of the three types of light oil compositions to measure the wear scar diameter, and the relationship between the blending amount of the lubricity improver and the wear scar diameter is shown in curve 2 of FIG. Further, from the curve 2 in FIG. 1, the relative blending amount (0.90) of the lubricity improver necessary for achieving the reference wear scar diameter (1.0) was obtained. This is shown in Table 4.
[0037]
(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, three kinds of light oil compositions (7) to (9) having different blending amounts of the lubricity improvers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the catalytic cracking light oil A was not used. . Table 5 shows the blending ratio, blending amount of the lubricity improver, and general properties of the light oil composition (7) among the light oil compositions (7) to (9). Next, for each of the three types of light oil compositions, a lubricity test was performed to measure the wear scar diameter, and the relationship between the blending amount of the lubricity improver and the wear scar diameter is shown by curve 3 in FIG. In the light oil composition of Comparative Example 1, as described above, the relative blending amount of the lubricity improver necessary for achieving the reference wear scar diameter (1.0) is 1.00. This is shown in Table 4.
[0038]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003851753
[0039]
(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 1, three kinds of light oil compositions having different amounts of blending of the lubricity improver were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.0% by volume of catalytically cracked light oil B was used instead of catalytically cracked light oil A. Products (10) to (12) were prepared. Table 5 shows the blending ratio, the blending amount of the lubricity improver, and general properties of the light oil composition (10) among the light oil compositions (10) to (12). Next, for each of the three types of light oil compositions, a lubricity test was performed to measure the wear scar diameter, and the relationship between the blending amount of the lubricity improver and the wear scar diameter is shown by curve 4 in FIG. Moreover, from the curve 4 of FIG. 1, the relative blending amount (1.07) of the lubricity improver necessary to achieve the reference wear scar diameter (1.0) was determined. This is shown in Table 4.
[0040]
(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 1, three types of light oil compositions having different amounts of the lubricity improver were added in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.1% by volume of catalytically cracked light oil B was used instead of catalytically cracked light oil A. Products (13) to (15) were prepared. Table 5 shows the blending ratio, blending amount of the lubricity improver, and general properties of the light oil composition (13) among the light oil compositions (13) to (15). Next, for each of the three types of light oil compositions, a lubricity test was performed to measure the wear scar diameter, and the relationship between the blending amount of the lubricity improver and the wear scar diameter is shown by a curve 5 in FIG. Further, from the curve 5 in FIG. 1, the relative blending amount (1.10 or more) of the lubricity improver necessary for achieving the reference wear scar diameter (1.0) was obtained. This is shown in Table 4.
As is apparent from the results of Curve 1 in FIG. 1 and Table 4, the light oil composition of Example 1 has a marked decrease in the relative wear scar diameter with an increase in the relative blending amount of the lubricity improver, and the target wear. The relative blending amount of the lubricity improver necessary to achieve the scar diameter (standard wear scar diameter = 1.0) was 0.87. Similarly, the relative blending amount of the light oil composition of Example 2 was 0.90 from the results of Curve 2 and Table 4. On the other hand, in the case of the light oil compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the relative wear scar diameter decreases with an increase in the relative blending amount of the lubricity improver, as seen from the results of Curves 3 to 5 and Table 4. However, in order to achieve the target wear scar diameter (reference wear scar diameter = 1.0), a relative blending amount of 1.0 or more as in the prior art was required. Moreover, in the case of the light oil composition of Comparative Example 3, the target wear scar diameter (reference wear scar diameter = 1.0) could not be achieved even when the relative blending amount was increased.
[0042]
That is, in order to achieve the target wear scar diameter (reference wear scar diameter = 1.0), the diesel oil compositions of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention were compared with the diesel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 1-3. The relative blending amount of the necessary lubricity improver was reduced by about 10% or more from the previous 1.0 to 0.87 to 0.90.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail and specifically, according to the present invention, the composition of the light oil composition is such that the catalytically cracked light oil is 0.01% by volume or more and the lubricity improver is 20 to 200 ppm by weight in the light oil base oil. In a light oil composition comprising a total sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or less, the catalytically cracked light oil comprises (1) 25% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 2 or more rings, and (2 ) Since it is decided to contain 5% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 3 or more rings, such a light oil composition has excellent lubricating performance, and as a result, reduces the blending amount of the lubricity improver. Therefore, the light oil composition excellent in lubricating performance can be produced at low cost. Moreover, it can be expected that catalytic cracking light oil can be effectively used as a light oil base oil.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the blending amount of a lubricity improver and the wear scar diameter for the light oil compositions of Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 About the light oil composition of Example 1, it is a line showing the relationship between the compounding quantity of a lubricity improver, and a wear scar diameter.
2 About the light oil composition of Example 2, it is a line showing the relationship between the compounding quantity of a lubricity improver, and a wear scar diameter.
3 About the light oil composition of the comparative example 1, it is a line showing the relationship between the compounding quantity of a lubricity improver, and a wear scar diameter.
4 About the light oil composition of the comparative example 2, it is a line showing the relationship between the compounding quantity of a lubricity improver, and a wear scar diameter.
5 About the light oil composition of the comparative example 3, it is a line showing the relationship between the compounding quantity of a lubricity improver, and a wear scar diameter.

Claims (1)

軽油基材油中に接触分解軽油を0.01容量%以上および潤滑性向上剤を20〜200重量ppmを配合してなり、総硫黄含量が0.05重量%以下である軽油組成物において、該接触分解軽油は、(1)2環以上の多環芳香族化合物25容量%以上、および(2)3環以上の多環芳香族化合物5容量%以上を含むことを特徴とする軽油組成物。In a light oil composition comprising 0.01% by volume or more of catalytic cracking light oil and 20 to 200 ppm by weight of a lubricity improver in a light base oil, and a total sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or less, The catalytically cracked light oil contains (1) 25% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 2 or more rings and (2) 5% by volume or more of a polycyclic aromatic compound having 3 or more rings. .
JP2000127218A 2000-04-27 2000-04-27 Light oil composition Expired - Lifetime JP3851753B2 (en)

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