JP3850700B2 - Product delivery form determination method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for determining a transportation form of goods between logistics nodes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the field of product distribution management or inventory management, various devices have been devised to supply an optimal amount of an optimal product to a customer at an optimal time at a minimum cost.
[0003]
If a transport vehicle is arranged based on the inventory data of the recipient on the day of shipment, the necessary goods can be transported with a minimum number of vehicles.
[0004]
However, such a vehicle arrangement is actually impossible.
[0005]
On the other hand, if the transport vehicle is arranged in anticipation of the receiving-destination inventory quantity on the shipment date before the day before the shipment date, the vehicle itself can be arranged. However, since the latest inventory data and the latest order information of the recipient cannot be reflected in the vehicle arrangement, there is a problem that the accuracy of the number of transport vehicles or the number of products deteriorates.
[0006]
Further, even if the vehicle can be arranged on the day of shipment, a vehicle sufficient for carrying the commodity quantity necessary for transportation is arranged, and as a result, the transportable quantity exceeds the necessary quantity.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art.
[0008]
More specifically, it is to determine an efficient transportation method or transportation mode when goods are transported between logistics bases.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the method for determining the product transportation form of the present invention is as follows.
Storing inventory data of (n-1) days of the ship-to party in the first transport form memory;
A step in which a computer determines the number of commodity carrying vehicles in n days based on the inventory data in n-1 days of the first transportation form memory;
Storing the number of vehicles in a second transport mode memory;
Storing the inventory data of the ship-to party at day n in the third transport mode memory;
A computer determining a product type and a quantity to be loaded on the vehicle based on the number of vehicles in the second transportation form memory and the inventory data of the third transportation form memory at n days;
Have
[0010]
The method stores the planned shipment merchandise type and quantity after n days in the fourth transport form memory, and the planned shipment merchandise type and quantity after n days in the fourth transport form memory when the vehicle is not full. Preferably, the computer determines a product type and quantity to be additionally loaded on the vehicle.
[0011]
In the above method, it is preferable that the products to be replenished and loaded are selected in order from the planned shipment products having a date close to n days.
[0012]
In the above method, when there are a plurality of scheduled shipment products on the same day after n days, it is preferable to select them as additional loading products in descending order of the loading capacity.
[0013]
In the above method, when a plurality of scheduled shipment products existing on the same day include a plurality of transport units for the plurality of products, it is preferable to first determine the replenishment loaded products so that all the products are included.
[0014]
Also, the method for determining the product loading form on the vehicle according to the present invention
Store the product type and quantity in the product loading memory in association with each other,
The product data is rearranged according to weight by a computer,
It is preferable to select a heavy product and a light product alternately by a computer according to the weight of the rearranged product data.
[0015]
In addition, according to the present invention, another method for determining a product loading form on a vehicle is as follows:
Store the product type and quantity in the product loading memory in association with each other,
It is preferable that the product data is rearranged by a computer according to the loaded quantity for each product, and the rearranged product data is selected by the computer in descending order of the loaded quantity.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.
[0017]
FIG. 1 shows a merchandise distribution route to which an embodiment of the merchandise carrying form determining method of the present invention is applied. The products here include body care products such as soap, clothing and home care products, sanitary products such as diapers, various cosmetics, various commercial products, industrial chemical products, and the like.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, the goods are distributed in the distribution route as follows.
[0019]
In step S1, raw materials for the product are procured to the production base 11.
[0020]
In step S2, a product is produced and stocked by processing the raw material at the production site 11.
[0021]
In step S3, the goods are transported or supplied to the wholesaler or the distribution base 13 of the producer by a vehicle or the like.
[0022]
In step S4, the transported or supplied goods are stocked at the wholesale or distribution base 13.
[0023]
In step S5, a predetermined quantity of products is transported from the wholesale or distribution base 13 to the retail store 15 in response to a request from the retail store. The retail store 15 in FIG. 1 represents a large number of actual retail stores managed by the distribution base 13 or the like.
[0024]
In steps S6 and S7, the merchandise is displayed at the retail store and purchased by the consumer.
[0025]
FIG. 2 shows a physical distribution management apparatus 20 that performs general physical distribution management of the commodity distribution.
[0026]
The distribution management device 20 includes an N-1 year shipment amount storage unit 21, an N year shipment amount storage unit 27, an estimated shipment amount calculation unit 33, an estimated shipment amount storage unit 33a, and a commodity transportation form determination device 71. including. Various means other than the memory in this block diagram are realized by, for example, a computer program.
[0027]
In the N-1 year shipment amount storage means 21, the shipment amount or supply amount of the same product shipped or supplied from the production base 11 to the distribution base 13 is shipped at a time (for example, mid-year) of N-1 year. Quantity data is stored.
[0028]
FIG. 3 shows daily fluctuations in shipment quantity at a predetermined time (for example, mid-year period) of N-1 year stored in the first shipment quantity memory 23. More specifically, the example of FIG. 3 shows daily fluctuations in shipment amount between May 1 and August 31, which is a mid-year period for a certain product. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis represents the number of packages per day.
[0029]
The storage means 21 can store the accumulated value in addition to the daily shipment amount fluctuation.
[0030]
Referring to FIG. 2 again, the N-year shipment amount storage means 27 stores the shipment amount data of the product from the production site 11 to the distribution site 13 in the first half of a predetermined period (for example, the mid-year period) of N years. Is done. This shipment volume data includes daily shipment volume fluctuations, and may further include cumulative values thereof.
[0031]
The predicted shipment amount calculation means 33 includes shipment amount data from the N-1 year shipment amount storage means 21 at a predetermined time of N-1 year and shipments from the N year shipment amount storage means 23 at the first half of N years. Based on the quantity data, for example, a predicted shipment quantity in the second half of a predetermined period of N years is calculated.
[0032]
The predicted shipment amount storage unit 33 a stores the predicted shipment amount calculated by the predicted shipment amount calculation unit 33.
[0033]
The commodity transport form determining device 71 executes one embodiment of the commodity transport form determining method of the present invention. Based on the information from the predicted shipment memory 33a and the like, the commodity transport form determining unit 71 supplies the commodity from the production base 11 to the physical distribution base 13. The most efficient transportation mode or transportation mode is determined when transporting the vehicle.
[0034]
More specifically, the merchandise transportation form determination device 71 determines the number of vehicles used in the n day based on the inventory quantity at the distribution base 13 on the n-1 day when determining the merchandise transportation form by the vehicle on the n day. Then, based on the inventory amount at the distribution base 13 on the nth day, the actual loaded product type and the loaded amount on the vehicle used are adjusted. Further details are as follows.
[0035]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the commodity transport form determination device 71.
[0036]
As shown in FIG. 4, the commodity transportation determination device 71 has a first transportation form memory 73 that stores the inventory data (inventory amount) of the distribution base 13 as a shipping destination for n−1 days.
[0037]
The stock quantity on the (n-1) th day stored in the first transport form memory 73 varies variously depending on the daily shipment quantity at the distribution base 13 as shown in FIG. For example, when sudden fluctuation (see FIG. 3) or the like occurs, there is a possibility that it will fluctuate greatly.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 4, the merchandise transportation form determination device 71 is based on the inventory data from the first transportation form memory 73 and the predicted shipment quantity on the n day from the predicted shipment quantity memory 33a. It has a transport vehicle / number determination means 75 for determining the type and number of goods transport vehicles. When the vehicle to be used is limited to, for example, a semi-trailer, this transport vehicle / number determination means 75 determines only the number of vehicles.
[0039]
More specifically, the vehicle type / number determination means 75 is based on the planned shipment amount on the nth day from the predicted shipment amount memory 33a and the inventory amount at the base 13 on the n-1 day from the first transport mode memory 73. , Provisionally determine the type and quantity of products shipped from the production base 11 on day n. In this provisional decision, the planned shipment amount at the nth day is subtracted from the inventory amount at the base 13 at the (n-1) th day, and is regarded as the stock quantity at the base 13 at the nth day.
[0040]
Then, based on the provisionally determined product type and quantity, the type and number of transport vehicles are determined.
[0041]
The vehicle is determined from the transportation quantity and capacity determined from the temporarily determined necessary transportation quantity. At that time, a vehicle that can be used as a master is registered, and is assigned with priority from a low-cost vehicle such as a large vehicle.
[0042]
The vehicle type and number determined by the vehicle type / number determination unit 75 are stored in the second transport mode memory 77.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 4, the merchandise form transportation determination device 71 further includes a third transportation form memory 79 that stores inventory data of the distribution base 13 on the shipping date n days.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 4, the transportation form determination device 71 further stores the planned shipment product and quantity on the nth day from the predicted shipment amount memory 33 a and the confirmed inventory data on the nth day from the third transportation form memory 79. Based on this, it has vehicle loaded product type / loading amount determining means 81 for determining the product type and quantity actually loaded on the transport vehicle. As shown in FIG. 4, the vehicle loaded product type / loading amount determining means 81 can also refer to the vehicle type and the number of vehicles from the second transport mode memory 77 in making the determination.
[0045]
The loaded product type and load amount for n days determined by the vehicle loaded product type / load amount determining means 81 are stored in the vehicle loaded product type / load amount memory 82.
[0046]
With the above configuration, according to the product transport form determination device 71, the vehicle is easily arranged on the day before the shipment date, so that the transportation vehicle can be easily arranged, and the type and quantity of the transported product can be determined using the information on the date of shipment. Since the adjustment is made, the accuracy of the transported product quantity is not reduced.
[0047]
As shown in FIG. 4, the commodity transport form determination device 71 further includes a vehicle free capacity determination means 83. This vehicle free capacity determination means 83 carries the vehicle for n days based on the vehicle type and number data from the second conveyance form memory 77 and the loaded product type and quantity data from the vehicle loaded product type / loading amount memory 82. Calculate the free capacity or space potentially present in the vehicle. The reason why such a free space is generated is as follows. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, there is a large fluctuation (probabilistic fluctuation) in the daily shipment amount from the distribution base 13. Therefore, when determining the number of transporting vehicles based on the data of n-1 days, many vehicles are expected based on the inventory data of n-1 days, but based on the inventory data of n days This is because such a vehicle may not be necessary.
[0048]
FIG. 5 illustrates a vehicle free capacity calculation method performed by the vehicle free capacity calculation means 83.
[0049]
As shown in FIG. 5A, the type (loading weight / capacity) / number data 85 of the transport vehicle is stored in the second transport mode memory 77.
[0050]
The vehicle free capacity calculation means 83 determines the total transport capacity 87 of the vehicle based on the vehicle data 85.
[0051]
The free capacity determining means 83 also determines a loading amount (shipping amount) 87 a for n days based on the loaded product type and the loaded amount from the vehicle loaded product type / loading amount memory 82. Then, the vehicle free capacity 87b for n days is determined as the difference between the total capacity 87 and the load amount 87a for n days.
[0052]
The free space 87b is stored in the vehicle free space memory 88.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 4, the merchandise carrying form determining device 71 further includes an additional loaded merchandise type / quantity determining means 89 that determines the additional loaded merchandise type / quantity to be loaded on the free capacity 87b.
[0054]
FIG. 6 shows a method of determining the additional loaded product type / quantity performed by the additional loaded product type / quantity determining means 89.
[0055]
As shown in FIG. 6, the planned shipment amounts (shipping amounts) 91 a to 91 m of the products (product) 1 to the product m from the (n + 1) th day to the (n + 14) th day after the nth day are predicted shipping memories 33 a as the fourth transport form memory. Is remembered. For example, the shipment amount 91f is stored as the planned shipment amount of the product 3 on the (n + 1) th day.
[0056]
The additional loaded product type / quantity determining unit 89 selects a desired product from the scheduled shipping amounts 91a to 91m from the n + 1 day to the n + 14 day, for example, according to the free capacity 87b from the free capacity memory 88. Thereby, the empty capacity 87b is allocated and the transport vehicle 85 is fully loaded.
[0057]
In determining the additional loaded product type and quantity, firstly, a shipped product with a scheduled shipping date is selected.
[0058]
In the example of FIG. 6, the planned shipment amounts 91d, 91e, 91f, 91g on day n + 1 are first selected.
[0059]
When the planned shipment quantities 91d, 91e, 91f, and 91g do not fill up the free capacity 87b, the scheduled shipment quantities 91h, 91i, and 91j for n + 2 days are selected next.
[0060]
Similarly, the shipment commodity quantities 91k, l, m, and n are selected in the order of the shipment date.
[0061]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, only the goods sent in the state of the transport unit more than fixed, such as a block or a pallet, are targeted for the goods allocated to the free space 87b. In addition, scheduled shipment products from n days to n + 14 days, for example, two weeks are selected.
[0062]
FIG. 7 shows the order of selection or priority when there are a plurality of types of products scheduled to be shipped on the same day (for example, n + 1 day) and each product has a plurality of blocks.
[0063]
As shown in FIG. 7, the planned shipment amount or the planned stacking amount 93 on the same day (for example, n + 1 day) is stored in the predicted shipment memory 33a as the fourth transport form memory. That is, 360 is stored as product (product) A, 290 as product B, 224 as product C, 198 as product D, 96 as product E, and 72 as product F. When each shipment amount or load amount is converted into a unit, the shipment amount of product A is 3 blocks and 1 pallet, product B is 3 blocks, product C is 1 block and 1 pallet, and product D is There are two blocks, and the product E is one block and one pallet. In addition, a block says the loading amount at the time of stacking | stacking the goods loaded on 1 pallet to the height of the loading platform roof, such as a trailer as a vehicle.
[0064]
In this case, the products A to F are selected in order from products with a large load or shipment. However, in order to prevent the products from being biased, each product is first determined one block at a time, and then one pallet is determined.
[0065]
The right column 95 in FIG. 7 indicates the selection order or priority order of the products. More specifically, first, each block of the products A to E is sequentially selected (priority order 1: (1) to (5)). That is, one block of each of the products A to E is additionally mounted.
[0066]
Further, when there is a free vehicle capacity, next, one block of the product A, one block of the product B, and one block of the product D are sequentially selected again (priority order 2: (6) to (8)).
[0067]
Further, when there is a free space in the vehicle, one block of the product A and one block of the product B are sequentially selected again (priority order 3: (9) (10)).
[0068]
Further, when there is a free space in the vehicle, next, one pallet of the product A, one pallet of the product C, and one pallet of the product E are sequentially selected (priority order 4: (11) to (13)).
[0069]
The additional loaded product type quantity quantity determined by the additional loaded product type quantity determining means 89 is stored in the additional loaded product type quantity memory 97.
[0070]
As shown in FIG. 4, the merchandise transport form determination device 71 loads the merchandise on each vehicle based on the loaded merchandise type / quantity memory 82 and the loaded merchandise type / quantity memory 97 and the loaded merchandise type / quantity 97. A product loading form determining device 99 for determining the form or loading method is provided.
[0071]
FIG. 8 shows a detailed configuration of the product loading form determination device 99.
[0072]
The product loading form determination device 99 loads products on the vehicle by any one of the loading methods (or loading forms) of (1) loading by weight and (2) loading the same item. In the commodity loading form determination apparatus 99, the configurations 101 to 107 determine the loading method for the heavy volume loading, and the configurations 109 to 115 determine the loading method for the same item loading.
[0073]
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the weight-volume loading ((1)) executed by the configurations 101 to 107. This method is a method for efficiently loading heavy / volume products alternately. Thereby, the number of transport vehicles can be reduced.
[0074]
FIG. 9A shows product data in which the loaded product type and quantity created based on the data from the vehicle-loaded product type / quantity memory 82 and the additional loaded product type / quantity memory 97 are associated with each other. This product data is stored in the first stacking form memory 101. In the figure, for example, the load amount of the commodity A is 12 blocks, and the weight of this 1 block is 600 kg. The same applies to the products B to F below.
[0075]
The product data stored in the first loading form memory 101 is rearranged by the weight order rearranging means 103 (FIG. 8) in descending order of block density (weight / BL). FIG. 9B shows the product data rearranged by the rearranging means 103. As shown in FIG. 9B, in this case, the product data is rearranged in the order of products D, B, E, F, A, and C.
[0076]
The product data rearranged in this way is stored in the block weight order product memory 105 (FIG. 8).
[0077]
Based on the product data stored in the weight order product memory 105, a product with a heavy block weight and a product with a light block weight are alternately selected by the first product selection means 107 (FIG. 8) one block at a time.
[0078]
For example, as shown in FIG. 9C, when three semi-trailers are determined, the first semi-trailer is loaded in the order of D, C, D, C, D, C, D,. Selected. The second semi-trailer is selected to be loaded in the order of B, C, B, C, B, C, B, C,. The third semi-trailer is selected to be loaded in the order of E, A, E, A, E, A, E, A, F, A, F, F, F, F, ... F, F, F The
[0079]
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the loading method ((2)) for loading the same items.
[0080]
This method is a method of loading the same type of products so as not to be divided into a plurality of vehicles. Thereby, cargo handling work can be reduced for a shipping place having a large number of business warehouses.
[0081]
FIG. 10A shows product data in which the loaded product type and quantity created based on the vehicle-loaded product type / quantity memory 82 and the additional loaded product type / quantity memory 97 are associated with each other. This product data is stored in the second stacking form memory 109.
[0082]
The product data shown in FIG. 10 (a) is rearranged in descending order by the load amount by the load amount order rearranging unit 111 (FIG. 8). FIG.10 (b) shows the merchandise data rearranged by the above. As shown in the figure, in this example, a product D having 25 blocks is rearranged in order of D, C, A, E, and B from a product B having only 5 packages.
[0083]
The rearranged merchandise data is stored in the order-of-load merchandise memory 113 (FIG. 8).
[0084]
Based on the rearranged data (FIG. 10 (b)), each product is listed in order from the product with the largest load capacity (more specifically, in the order of block (BL), pallet (PL), surface, and bundling). Two product selection means 115 (FIG. 8) selects.
[0085]
For example, as shown in FIG. 10C, when three semi-trailers are determined, 20 D (BL) are selected to be loaded on the first semi-trailer.
[0086]
For the second semi-trailer, 5 D (BL), 1 D (PL), 14 C (BL), and C (13 bundles) are selected in order.
[0087]
Further, 14 A (BL), 5 E (BL), 1 E (PL), and B (5 bundles) are selected in this order for the third semi-trailer.
[0088]
As described above, according to these loading methods, the number of transport vehicles can be reduced, or the cargo handling work can be reduced for a shipping place having many business warehouses.
[0089]
FIG. 11 shows an outline of the overall operation of the commodity transport form determining device 71.
[0090]
As shown in FIG. 11, in step S101, for example, the vehicle type and the number of vehicles on the third day are determined at the end time of the first day. More specifically, as already described, the type and the number of transport vehicles are determined based on the inventory amount on the second day at the base 13 and the scheduled shipment amount on the third day from the scheduled shipment amount memory 33a. This determination is performed by the vehicle type / number determination means 75.
[0091]
On the second day, in step S103, the vehicle type and number determined in step S101 are ordered from the shipping company.
[0092]
In step S105 and step S107, the transportation company arranges and confirms the transportation vehicle.
[0093]
In step S109, at the end of the second day, the type and quantity of products actually loaded on each vehicle are determined based on the third-day inventory at the base 13. As already described, this calculation is performed by the means 81, 83, 89 and the like. A product loading form determination device 99 also determines the form of goods transported to each transport vehicle.
[0094]
In step S111, the type and quantity of the loaded product and the product loading form shipping base are transmitted to the production factory 11.
[0095]
In step S113, each product is loaded into each transport vehicle in a predetermined loading form at a predetermined quantity in the production factory 11 based on the loaded product type / quantity and product loading form data.
[0096]
As described above, this embodiment provides the following benefits.
[0097]
1. Since an order for vehicle arrangement is placed on the day before the shipment date, it is easy to arrange a transport vehicle. On the other hand, since the actual loaded product type / quantity is adjusted using the information on the date of shipment, it is possible to perform the vehicle assignment work without reducing the accuracy of the transported product type / quantity.
[0098]
2. If the transport vehicle still has free space after all the required shipment product types and quantities have been loaded, load the transport vehicles ahead of schedule and load the transport vehicles in full. Can increase the loading efficiency.
[0099]
3. Depending on the weight, it is possible to load from a heavy product (small and heavy product) to a volume product (large and light product) alternately so that it can be efficiently loaded and the number of transport vehicles can be reduced.
[0100]
4). By loading the same product so as not to be divided into a plurality of vehicles, the handling work can be reduced for a shipping place having many warehouses such as sales.
[0101]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an efficient transportation method or transportation mode can be determined when a commodity is transported between distribution bases.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a commodity supply route to which a physical distribution management method including a commodity inventory method of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a physical distribution management apparatus that executes a physical distribution management method including a commodity inventory method according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing daily shipment quantities of commodities at a predetermined time in a certain year (N-1 year).
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a more detailed configuration of the commodity transport form determining apparatus 71.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle free capacity calculation method performed by the vehicle free capacity calculation means 83;
FIG. 6 shows a method of determining an additional loaded product type / quantity performed by the additional loaded product type / quantity determining means 89;
FIG. 7 shows a selection order or a priority order when there are a plurality of types of products scheduled to be shipped on the same day (for example, n + 1 day) and each product has a plurality of blocks.
FIG. 8 shows a detailed configuration of the commodity loading form determination apparatus 99.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining weight-volume loading ((1)).
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a loading method for loading the same items.
FIG. 11 shows an outline of the overall operation of the commodity transport form determining apparatus.

Claims (4)

As a method of determining the product transportation form,
The computer storing the inventory data of the ship-to date on the day before shipment in the first transport form memory 73;
The computer calculates the assumed stock quantity of the shipping destination on the shipping date from the shipping destination inventory data stored on the first transportation form memory 73 on the day before shipping, and temporarily determines the type and quantity of the shipping product on the shipping date. Steps,
The computer determines the day and day before shipment based on the provisionally determined shipment commodity type and quantity on the day of shipment, and the computer determines the type and number of commodity transportation vehicles on the day of shipment which is data for vehicle arrangement;
The computer storing the type and number of vehicles in the second transport mode memory 77;
The computer storing the inventory data of the shipping destination determined on the shipping date in the third transport mode memory 79;
The computer determining the type and quantity of goods to be loaded on the vehicle based on the type and number of vehicles from the second transportation form memory and the confirmed shipping destination inventory data from the third transportation form memory; ,
Having a method.   A method for calculating a product transportation form for calculating the type and amount of an article to be transported when transporting an article at a fixed interval. Determining the minimum required quantity, which is the type and quantity of goods that need to be transported, based on the inventory quantity, calculating the empty space based on the transport capacity of the transport vehicle, and the computer The method for determining a product transportation form according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining a type and amount of a product to be transported that can be transported in an empty space. In the method for determining the product transportation form according to claim 1 or 2,
The computer stores the loaded product type and quantity in the product loading memory 101 in association with each other,
The product data is rearranged according to weight by the computer,
A method of selecting, by the computer, heavy products and light products alternately according to the weight of the rearranged product data. In the method for determining the product transportation form according to claim 1 or 2,
The computer stores the loaded product type and quantity in the product loading memory 109 in association with each other,
The product data is rearranged according to the loading quantity for each product by the computer,
A method of selecting the rearranged product data by the computer in descending order of loading quantity.

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