JP3844865B2 - Ophthalmic equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ophthalmologic apparatus including an object moving mechanism.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, a surgical microscope used in ophthalmic surgery performs focusing by moving a body part up and down by a vertical fine movement mechanism. This vertical fine movement mechanism decelerates the rotation of the DC motor by the worm gear, rotates the pinion gear, is held by the slide rail, and meshes with the rack attached to the mirror body part, and the mirror body part is moved up and down together with the rack. It is something to move.
[0003]
In this way, when moving the mirror part up and down, the load is different when moving upward and when moving downward, and the upward movement speed is slower than the downward movement speed. Become. This is because the driving force of the DC motor is set based on the upward load, so that there is a margin in the output torque of the DC motor when moving downward.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the above-described DC motor is selected based on the upward load, a DC motor having a large output torque characteristic must be selected, which leads to an increase in the size of the DC motor.
[0005]
As the DC motor becomes larger, the components of the vertical fine movement mechanism will inevitably increase, leading to an increase in the size of the surgical microscope itself. As a result, the surgical space in which the operator is active will be reduced. There is a problem that it becomes an obstacle to safe surgery.
[0006]
Also, since the movement speed differs between moving the mirror part upward and moving downward, focusing work becomes complicated when performing fine focusing, which causes the mental stress of the surgeon. There is also a problem that can be.
[0007]
Next, considering the case of a slit lamp which is a kind of ophthalmic apparatus, when the slit lamp is moved up and down by an electric vertical fine movement mechanism using a motor, it moves up and down. The load differs depending on the case, and the moving speed in the upward direction becomes slower than the moving speed in the downward direction.
[0008]
This is because, as in the case of the surgical microscope described above, the driving force of the motor is set based on the upward load, so there is a margin in the output torque of the motor when moving downward. .
[0009]
As described above, since the motor is selected based on the upward load, it is necessary to select a motor having a large output torque, resulting in an increase in size of the motor.
[0010]
The larger the motor, the larger the components of the vertical fine movement mechanism will inevitably lead to an increase in the size of the slit lamp itself, which will narrow the operator's examination space and a part of the slit lamp will hit the patient. This also causes troubles.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an ophthalmologic apparatus including an object moving mechanism that achieves downsizing of a driving source and facilitating a moving operation.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a rotational speed reduction mechanism that decelerates the rotational force of the rotational drive source that rotates and transmits the rotational force to the rotational shaft, and a rotation-linear conversion mechanism that converts the rotational force of the rotational shaft into linear motion. An ophthalmologic apparatus including an object moving mechanism that reciprocally drives the object in a direction in which the gravity acts and a direction against the gravity, the action of the gravity of the object on the rotation shaft The mainspring is arranged to accumulate elastic energy when moving in the direction of movement and to release elastic energy when moving in the direction against the gravity of the object to supplement the driving force from the rotational drive source. Is.
[0013]
According to the present invention, the rotational force of the rotational drive source is applied to the rotational shaft via the rotational speed reduction mechanism, and the rotational force of the rotational shaft is converted into linear motion and transmitted to the object. When reciprocally driving in the direction acting and the direction against gravity, elastic energy is accumulated in the mainspring spring when the object moves in the direction in which gravity acts, and when moving in the direction against the gravity of the object, Since the elastic energy accumulated in the mainspring spring is released to complement the driving force from the driving source, the driving force at the time of driving in the direction against the gravity of the object by the rotary driving source is applied to the mainspring spring . It is possible to make up for the accumulated elastic energy, which enables downsizing by reducing the driving force of the rotary drive source, and makes the object in the direction in which gravity acts and in the direction against gravity. Equalization of the moving speed of the case of dynamic becomes possible.
[0014]
It linear conversion mechanism, a rack, in which using a pinion - According to a second aspect of the invention of claim 1, wherein the rotation speed reduction mechanism, which has used the worm gear and worm wheel, the rotation It is characterized by.
[0015]
According to the present invention, since the rotation speed reduction mechanism using the worm gear and the worm wheel and the rotation-linear conversion mechanism using the rack and pinion are provided, the configuration is the same as that of the first aspect of the invention although the configuration is simple. Further, it is possible to reduce the size by reducing the driving force of the rotary drive source, and it is possible to equalize the moving speed when moving the object in the direction in which the gravity acts and the direction against the gravity.
[0016]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the ophthalmic apparatus according to the first or second aspect, an adjusting member for adjusting an accumulated amount of elastic energy of the mainspring spring is added.
[0017]
According to the present invention, since the same effect as in the case of the object moving mechanism according to claim 1 or 2 is exhibited and the adjustment member for adjusting the accumulated amount of elastic energy of the mainspring spring is added. By adjusting the amount of accumulated elastic energy of the mainspring spring by the adjusting member, it is possible to cope with load fluctuations such as weight change of the object.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0019]
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a surgical microscope 1 that is an example of an ophthalmologic apparatus including an object moving mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In this surgical microscope 1, a hanging member 3 is attached to the protruding end portion of a support arm 2, and a box-shaped holding body 4 on which an object moving mechanism is mounted is attached to the hanging member 3 via a shaft body 6. Yes. The holding body 4 is disposed so as to be rotatable in the directions of arrows a and b shown in FIG. The turning operation is performed by rotating the knob 5.
[0020]
In addition, a vertically moving member 7 to which the body part 10 of the surgical microscope 1 is attached to the holding body 4 is attached so as to be movable in the up and down direction indicated by arrows c and d shown in FIG. This vertical movement is performed by an object moving mechanism that is installed inside the holding body 4 and connects the holding body 4 and the vertical movement member 7. Details of this object moving mechanism are shown in FIGS.
[0021]
The object moving mechanism includes a motor 21 that is a driving source that is arranged on the holding body 4 and that rotates, and a power transmission mechanism that transmits the rotational force of the motor 21 to the up and down moving member 7. The power transmission mechanism further includes a rotation speed reduction mechanism and a rotation-linear conversion mechanism.
[0022]
As schematically shown in FIG. 5, the rotation speed reduction mechanism includes a first worm gear 22 attached to a driving shaft of the motor 21, and a first worm wheel 23 screwed with the first worm gear 22. . The first worm wheel 23 is rotatable about a rotation shaft 28, and the rotation shaft 28 is supported by a pair of bearings 26 and 27.
[0023]
Further, as schematically shown in FIG. 5, the rotation-linear conversion mechanism includes a second worm gear 24 fitted on the rotary shaft 28 at a position above the first worm wheel 23, A second worm wheel 25 screwed into the second worm gear 24, a transmission shaft 29 penetrating the center of the second worm gear 24, a pinion 31 attached to the end of the transmission shaft 29 on the vertical moving member 7 side, A rack 32 is provided with respect to the vertical movement member 7 along the movement direction (c, d direction) of the vertical movement member 7.
[0024]
Further, a mainspring spring 40, which is an elastic member, is attached to the lower end portion of the rotary shaft 28 protruding downward from the inside of the holding body 4. The mainspring spring 40 accumulates elastic energy when the main body part 10 of the surgical microscope 1 moves in the direction in which gravity acts, and releases elastic energy when the main body part 10 moves in a direction against gravity. The rotational force transmitted from the motor 21 to the rotational speed reduction mechanism is supplemented.
[0025]
The inner end portion of the mainspring spring 40 is fixed to the rotary shaft 28, and the outer end portion is fixed to a predetermined position of the cover member 41 fixedly arranged on the up and down moving member 7, thereby accumulating elastic energy. The release is possible.
[0026]
In addition, an upper limit detection limit switch and a lower limit detection limit switch (not shown) are arranged so as to detect the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the vertical movement member 7.
[0027]
As shown in FIG. 3, a control PC board 50 is mounted in the vertical movement member 7, and a control circuit system such as the motor 21 is incorporated in the control PC board 50.
[0028]
FIG. 4 shows details of the connection state between the holding body 4 and the vertically moving member 7. A substantially cylindrical rail receiver 12 provided with bearings 12a and 12b at the center is disposed in a slotted opening provided on one end surface of the holding body 4, and a pair of both sides of the rail receiver 12 is disposed. The inner slide rails 13a and 13b are attached to the inner surface of the holding body 4 and the outer slides corresponding to the inner slide rails 13a and 13b are provided on both sides of the end surface of the U-shaped vertical moving member 7 facing the one end surface of the holding body 4, respectively. Rails 15a and 15b are attached, and slide rail guides 17a and 17b are interposed between the inner slide rail 13a and the outer slide rail 15a, and the inner slide rail 13b and the outer slide rail 15b, respectively. On the other hand, the outer slide rails 15a and 15b can be slid, and thereby, the vertically moving member Figure 1, is movable in the upper direction is the arrow c, the direction against the gravity are denoted a d shown in FIG. 3, the lower direction which is the action of gravity a.
[0029]
Next, the operation of the surgical microscope 1 including the object moving mechanism configured as described above will be described.
[0030]
When the body part 10 of the surgical microscope 1 is moved in the directions of arrows c and d to perform focusing on the surgical object 100 or the like, the rotational force of the motor 21 mounted on the holding body 4 is After being decelerated by the first worm gear 22 and the first worm wheel 23, the second worm gear 24 and the second worm wheel 25 are passed through the rotation-linear conversion mechanism using the rack 31 and the pinion 32 for linear motion. In other words, the vertical movement member 7 and the mirror body part 10 are reciprocally driven in the direction against the gravity indicated by arrows c and d and the direction in which the gravity acts.
[0031]
In this case, when the mirror unit 10 moves in the direction of gravity indicated by the arrow d, elastic energy is accumulated in the mainspring spring 40 as the mirror unit 10 moves in the arrow d direction (the mainspring is wound). Be taken).
[0032]
On the other hand, when the mirror body part 10 moves in the direction against the gravity indicated by the arrow c, the elastic energy accumulated in the mainspring spring 40 is released as the mirror part 10 moves in the arrow c direction. The elastic energy released by the mainspring spring 40 functions to supplement the driving force transmitted from the motor 21 to the power transmission mechanism described above.
[0033]
That is, it becomes possible to supplement the driving force at the time of the upward driving against the gravity of the mirror part 10 due to the rotation of the motor 21 with the elastic energy accumulated in the mainspring spring 40, thereby outputting as the motor 21. It is possible to use a small torque, and it is possible to reduce the size. In addition, it is possible to equalize the moving speed when moving in the downward direction and the upward direction of the mirror unit 10.
[0034]
Also, the load in the upward and downward directions of the motor 21 can be made substantially equal, and even when using an actuator (DC motor, ultrasonic motor, etc.) whose speed changes depending on the magnitude of the load, it can move in the vertical direction. The speed is equivalent.
[0035]
The first worm wheel 23 attached to the rotary shaft 28 to which the mainspring spring 40 is attached has a so-called self-locking relationship with the first worm gear 22, and the first worm wheel 23 is connected to the first worm wheel 23 from the first worm wheel 23 side. The worm gear 22 cannot be rotated.
[0036]
For this reason, the elastic energy accumulated in the mainspring spring 40 is not released unless there is a rotation operation on the first worm gear 22 side.
[0037]
Further, in the case of the surgical microscope 1, the load (load) changes due to the addition of accessories such as a TV camera and a side endoscope. In this case, if the amount of winding of the mainspring spring 40 is changed by operating the initial winding amount adjusting knob 28a attached to the cover member 41 at the end of the rotary shaft 28, it is possible to immediately cope with a load change. .
[0038]
In addition, even in the case of ophthalmic devices such as a refractometer, specular microscope, non-contact meter, etc., even if the object to be measured is different and the structure and weight of the head are different, the mechanism part can be handled in the same way by using the object moving mechanism described above. Therefore, it is possible to provide an inexpensive apparatus as a whole.
[0039]
FIGS. 6 and 7 show modifications in which an adjustment member 42 for adjusting the accumulated amount of elastic energy of the mainspring spring 40 is added to the rotational speed reduction mechanism.
[0040]
The adjustment member 42 attaches a ratchet 43 coaxially to the cover member 41 and the mainspring spring 40 with respect to the rotating shaft 28, and engages a ratchet claw 45 with a release operation lever 44 with the ratchet 43. The amount of elastic energy stored in the mainspring spring 40 is adjusted by the change in the engagement position with the ratchet 43, and the ratchet pawl 45 is disengaged from the ratchet 43 by the release operation lever 44.
[0041]
By adjusting the amount of elastic energy stored in the mainspring spring 40 by the adjusting member 42, the state of elastic energy released during the upward movement of the mirror unit 10 is also particularly adjusted. It is possible to equalize the moving speed in the downward direction and upward direction of the portion 10 and to quickly respond to the weight change of the mirror body portion 10.
[0042]
(Embodiment 2)
8 to 10 show an object moving mechanism in the ophthalmologic apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0043]
The object moving mechanism of the second embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the object moving mechanism of the first embodiment, but the worm gear 51 is attached to the shaft 60 directly connected to the driving shaft of the motor 21 in the holding body 4. The worm gear 51 is meshed with a worm wheel 53 interlocked with a lead screw 52, and has a structure in which a lead nut 54 is screwed to the lead screw 52 to constitute a rotation reduction mechanism and a rotation-linear conversion mechanism. Yes.
[0044]
The lead nut 54 is attached to a transmission shaft 55 protruding from the up and down moving member 7 side to which a head part (measuring part) such as a microscope or an ophthalmic apparatus is attached. The structure of the slide part in the vertical movement member 7 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
[0045]
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a spiral spring-shaped mainspring spring 40 and a circular dish-shaped cover member 41 are arranged at the end of the shaft 60 penetrating the worm gear 51, as in the first embodiment. The inner end of the spring 40 is fixed to the outer periphery of the shaft 60, and the outer end is fixed to the inner periphery of the cover member 41.
[0046]
Further, a central portion of the cover member 41 opposite to the mainspring spring 40 is provided with a projecting shaft 41a that protrudes outside through the side piece of the vertical movement member 7, and an initial winding amount adjustment knob is provided on the projecting shaft 41a. 61 is attached.
[0047]
In the object moving mechanism of the second embodiment having such a configuration, when the motor 21 rotates, this rotation is transmitted from the worm gear 51 to the worm wheel 53, and the interlocking lead screw 52 is rotated. When the lead screw 52 rotates, the lead nut 54 moves in the vertical direction indicated by arrows c and d.
[0048]
Thereby, head parts, such as a microscope and an ophthalmologic apparatus, can be moved to the up-and-down direction shown by arrows c and d. Further, the adjustment of the initial winding amount of the mainspring spring 40 by the initial winding amount adjustment knob 61 can cope with the load change of the head portion, and the adjustment of the elastic energy accumulation amount of the mainspring spring 40 particularly allows the lens body portion 10 to be adjusted. The release state of the elastic energy when moving upward is also adjusted. Thereby, equalization of the moving speed in the downward direction and the upward direction of the mirror unit 10 in the ophthalmologic apparatus can be achieved.
[0049]
FIG. 11 shows an example in which an object moving mechanism similar to that of the second embodiment is incorporated into an ophthalmologic apparatus 80 such as a refractometer.
[0050]
That is, the motor 21 is fixed to the moving base 85 on the support base 85 of the ophthalmic apparatus 80, and the worm gear 51 is attached in a penetrating manner to the shaft 60 directly connected to the driving shaft, and the worm gear 51 is linked to the lead screw 52. It meshes with the wheel 53.
[0051]
A lead nut 54 provided on a connecting piece 93 hanging from the lower portion of the head portion 90 is screwed to the lead screw 52. Further, the mainspring spring 40 is disposed at the end of the shaft 60 on the moving base 85. In FIG. 11, reference numeral 87 denotes an operation handle.
[0052]
According to such an ophthalmic apparatus 80, an elastic body (coil spring) 92 that exerts an elastic force in a direction opposite to the gravity vector of the head portion 90 is wound around the support body 93 to cancel the gravity of the head portion 90. At the same time, the rotational speed of the motor 21 is reduced by the worm gear 51 and the worm wheel 53 of the object moving mechanism, and the elastic energy is accumulated and released by the mainspring spring 40. Therefore, only the elastic body 92 is used, There is an advantage that the configuration of the movable body 93, the elastic body 92, and the like can be reduced in size compared to the case where the moving mechanism is not incorporated.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the driving force of the driving source can be reduced and the size can be reduced, and the moving speed in the direction against the gravity of the head portion or the like is made equal to the moving speed in the direction in which the gravity acts. Therefore, an ophthalmologic apparatus that can facilitate operations such as focusing can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a surgical microscope including an object moving mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an object moving mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an object moving mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an object moving mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing a modification of the object moving mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
7 is a schematic plan view showing a ratchet and a ratchet pawl in a modification of the object moving mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an object moving mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged view of an object moving mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a part of an ophthalmologic apparatus incorporating the object moving mechanism according to the second embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Surgical microscope 4 Holding body 7 Vertical moving member 10 Mirror body part 13a Inner slide rail 15a Inner slide rail 21 Motor 22 First worm gear 23 First worm wheel 24 Second worm gear 25 Second worm wheel 31 Pinion 32 Rack 40 mainspring

Claims (3)

This is transmitted to the object through a rotation speed reduction mechanism that reduces the rotational force of the rotational drive source that rotates and transmits the rotational force to the rotational shaft, and a rotation-linear conversion mechanism that converts the rotational force of the rotational shaft into linear motion. An ophthalmic apparatus including an object moving mechanism that reciprocally drives an object in a direction in which gravity acts and a direction against gravity,
The rotating shaft accumulates elastic energy when the object moves in the direction in which the gravity acts, and releases elastic energy when the object moves in the direction against the gravity to generate a driving force from the rotation driving source. An ophthalmic apparatus characterized in that a complementary spring spring is arranged. The rotation speed reduction mechanism, which has used the worm gear and worm wheel, the rotation - linearity conversion mechanism, a rack, ophthalmic apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that with the pinion. The ophthalmologic apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an adjustment member that adjusts an accumulated amount of elastic energy of the mainspring spring .

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