JP3841861B2 - Water-soluble polymers made from acrylamide or methacrylamide, ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids or salts thereof, and polyvinyl monomers and their use as dry strength additives for paper - Google Patents
Water-soluble polymers made from acrylamide or methacrylamide, ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids or salts thereof, and polyvinyl monomers and their use as dry strength additives for paper Download PDFInfo
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- JP3841861B2 JP3841861B2 JP30607395A JP30607395A JP3841861B2 JP 3841861 B2 JP3841861 B2 JP 3841861B2 JP 30607395 A JP30607395 A JP 30607395A JP 30607395 A JP30607395 A JP 30607395A JP 3841861 B2 JP3841861 B2 JP 3841861B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Paper (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は紙用の乾燥強度用添加剤(dry strength additives)として有用な水溶性アクリルアミドターポリマー、並びにその製造及び使用に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
紙製品の強度が、製品中へ増加された量の紙パルプ(paper pulp)を組み込むことによって増加できることは本技術分野において周知である。しかし、このことはまた財政的な経費において製品の重量を増す。紙製品の強度を増す好ましい手段は、実質的に紙の重量または経費を増加しない少量の添加剤の添加である。
【0003】
アクリルアミド/アクリル酸/メチレン−ビス−アクリルアミドターポリマーの添加が紙の表面強度を増加できることも本技術分野において既知であるが、このことは内部強度の損失につながり得る。このようなターポリマーは公開された日本特許出願32−79491号中に記述されており、そこでは少なくとも2つの二重結合を有する0.1〜10重量部の架橋剤が使用されている。例えば米国特許第3,247,171号及び米国特許第4,525,527号に記述されるように、アクリルアミドとアルカリ金属アクリレートと二官能価化学架橋剤との水−膨潤可能な、架橋されたターポリマーも既知である。これらの生成物は例えば増粘剤及びスラッジ凝固剤として、及び衛生用品中に使用される。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
操作の便利のために水溶性であり、そして容易に水で希釈でき、そして製紙用繊維(papermaking fiber)と容易に混和できる、紙用の有効な内部乾燥強度添加剤に対する必要がいまだに存在する。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の、紙製品の内部乾燥強度を増すために有用な水溶性ターポリマーは本質的に次の不織物(nonwovens):(a)アクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミド、(b)エチレン性不飽和、脂肪族カルボン酸またはその塩、及び(c)水溶性、ポリビニルモノマー、の反応生成物であり、ここで(c)は全モノマー基準で<0.07モル%を構成し;ターポリマーの1%溶液は実質的にポリマー固体の残留なしに200メッシュの篩(screen)を通過でき、そしてターポリマーが約3.0デシリットル/gまたはそれ未満の減じられた比粘度を有する。
【0006】
本明細書中で使用する用語「ターポリマー」が群(a)、(b)及び(c)の各々からの1種またはそれより多いモノマーから製造されるポリマーを意味することが容易に認識できる。
【0007】
本発明にさらにしたがい、(1)上述の(a)、(b)及び(c)から本質的に成るモノマー混合物の水溶液を、(c)が全モノマー基準で<0.07モル%を構成するような量で得ること
(2)溶液のpHを約3.5〜約5.0に調節すること
(3)Cu+2濃度を、アクリルアミド若しくはメタクリルアミドの全量を基準として約10〜約65ppmに維持すること
(4)窒素でパージング(purging)して酸素を除去すること
(5)レドックス開始剤の両方の成分を、減じられた比粘度によって定義される望まれるターポリマーの分子量を得るのに十分な量及び速度で連続的に添加すること、並びに
(6)1%溶液が実質的にポリマー固体の残留なしに200メッシュの篩を通過でき、かつ約3.0デシリットル/gまたはそれ未満の減じられた比粘度を有するターポリマーを回収すること
を含んで成る方法によって水溶性のターポリマーが製造できる。
【0008】
本発明はまた、上述のターポリマーを製紙用繊維の水性分散物に添加することによって、紙の乾燥強度を改善する方法に関する。
【0009】
本発明の乾燥強度用添加剤は水溶性であり、そして酸性及びアルカリ性の両方の条件下で有効である。
【0010】
本発明の水溶性ターポリマーは本質的に次の単位:(a)アクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミド、(b)エチレン性不飽和脂肪族カルボン酸またはその塩、及び(c)水溶性ポリビニルポリマーから成る。
【0011】
本発明の水溶性ターポリマーを製造するために使用されるモノマー(a)はアクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミドであり、これらが使用できる。
【0012】
モノマー(b)はエチレン性不飽和脂肪族カルボン酸またはその塩である。好ましくはこの酸は1〜5の炭素のモノ−またはジカルボン酸である。適切な酸は例えばアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、及びイタコン酸を含む。アクリル酸が最も好ましい。
【0013】
モノマー(c)は少なくとも2つのビニル基を含む水溶性のモノマーであり、好ましくはポリアミンのエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アミド、またはエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸のグリコールエステルである。適切な水溶性ビニルモノマーは、例えばN,N’−メチレン−ビス−アクリルアミド、N,N’−メチレン−ビス−メタクリルアミド、他の低級アルキリデン−ビス−アクリルアミド(アルキリデン基は4以下の炭素原子を有する)、エチレングリコールジアクリレート、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、及びプロピレングリコールジメタクリレートを含む。N,N’−メチレン−ビス−アクリルアミドが最も好ましい。成分(c)の量は全モノマー基準で<0.07モル%、好ましくは0.01〜0.06モル%、そして最も好ましくは0.02〜0.04モル%である。
【0014】
本技術分野において通常の技術を有する者は、このターポリマーが各々のモノマーの1種以上を含むことができ、そして本明細書中で総計(amounts)が使用される場合には、これらはそのタイプのモノマーの全量を示すことを認識するだろう。製造の容易のために、各々のタイプのうち1種のみを使用することが好ましい。
【0015】
アクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミドの不飽和カルボン酸に対するモル比は約96/4〜約88/12の範囲である。より高い量のポリビニルモノマーはターポリマーの部分的または完全な水不溶性につながる。
【0016】
銅+2イオンは、モノマーの反応性をわずかに禁止するため、そしてポリマーの分子量を制御するために使用される。アクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミドモノマー100万部あたり約10〜約65、好ましくは約20〜約45、そして最も好ましくは約30部の第2銅イオンが存在すべきである。もしアクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミドモノマー中に十分なCu+2イオンが存在しないと、濃度を望まれるレベルに調節するためにより以上のものが添加される。要求されるCu+2イオンの量はモノマー溶液のpHに依存し、例えばより低いpHではより多い量が必要である。ターポリマーの分子量を望まれるレベルに維持するために、レドックス開始剤の添加速度または全モノマー濃度のような他の変数は、銅+2イオン濃度が変えられたときには調節しなければならない。これらの調節はポリマー合成の技術分野における当業者によって容易に達成される。銅+2イオンは一般に硫酸銅として添加されるが、塩化銅または硝酸銅も使用できる。
【0017】
ターポリマーは好ましくは、アクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミドモノマー中に一般的に存在するCu+2イオンの濃度を測定すること、モノマーを水中に溶解すること、pHを苛性アルカリによって約3.5〜約5.0に調節すること、Cu+2イオンの濃度をアクリルアミドまたはメタクリルアミドの全量を基準として約10〜約65ppmに調節すること、窒素でパージングして酸素を除去すること、及び2成分レドックス遊離基開始剤を加えてモノマーをポリマーに転化することによって製造される。水中のモノマー濃度は一般に約15〜約25重量%の範囲である。
【0018】
2成分レドックス開始剤は酸化成分及び還元成分から成り、互いに反応して遊離基を形成する。適切な酸化成分は例えば臭素酸カリウム、過硫酸カリウム及び第3ブチルヒドロペルオキシドを含む。適切な還元成分は、例えばメタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、及び重亜硫酸ナトリウムを含む。本発明において典型的に使用されるペアは臭素酸カリウム/メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウムである。他の適切なペアは、過硫酸カリウム/重亜硫酸ナトリム、臭素酸カリウム/重亜硫酸ナトリウム、及び第3−ブチルヒドロペルオキシド/重亜硫酸ナトリウムを含む。
【0019】
本発明のターポリマーの製造方法の新規な特徴は、レドックス開始剤成分の水溶液を、そのすべてを一度に加えるのではなく、パージングされたモノマー溶液に制御された速度で連続的に加えることである。連続的添加は重合及び熱の発生のより良好な制御を与える。開始剤は反応を通して同じ速度で加えることができ、またはそれらは一定時間一つの速度で加え次に他の時間異なった速度で加えることができる。1のRSVについて典型的に、添加される臭素酸カリウムの量は全モノマーの重量基準で約1%であり、加えられるメタ重亜硫酸ナトリウムの量は約1.5%である。これらは典型的には約40〜約120分にわたる重合の間に連続的に添加される。所望により、重合過程の終わりに、追加のメタ重亜硫酸ナトリウムを全ての残余のモノマーを除去するために添加できる。この添加を表1中の「ポリッシング(polishing)」と呼ぶ。
【0020】
この方法で形成されたポリマーのブルックフィールド粘度はレドックス開始剤の添加速度及び使用する開始剤の量に依存する。前のパラグラフにおいて記述した典型的な条件下で、ポリマー溶液は約20重量%のポリマー濃度で約2,000〜約20,000cpのブルックフィールド粘度を有する。溶液の水での1%ポリマーへの希釈は、可視の不溶性ゲルがなくそして200メッシュ篩上に1重量%未満のポリマー固体を残留して容易にその篩を通過する均一な溶液を生成する。ポリマーはさらに、2モルの塩化ナトリウム溶液中の0.05%濃度において、約3.0dl/g以下、好ましくは約0.5〜約3.0dl/gの減じられた比粘度を有することを特徴とする。
【0021】
紙の内部乾燥強度を改善するための本発明の方法は、製紙用繊維の水性分散物を前述のターポリマーと接触させることを含む。酸性及びアルカリ性の両方の条件下で改善が示される。次に湿潤層が繊維の分散物から形成され、そして生じた層が好ましくは高温で乾燥される。カチオン性の添加剤、好ましくはミョウバンまたはカチオン性澱粉またはカチオンポリアミン湿潤紙力増強用樹脂(wet strength resin)のような他のカチオン性ポリマーが存在するとき、強度はさらに高められ得る。
【0022】
以下の実施例において、ストップコックのついた底バルブを有する密閉された2リットルの断熱樹脂反応がまを使用した。装備品は機械攪拌機(パドル)、熱電対、窒素散布(sparge)入口、及び水性メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウムトラップを通る窒素出口を含む。開始剤溶液はシリンジポンプを使用して皮下注射用(hypodermic)チューブを通って連続的に反応器内へ注入される。反応器内に注入されるときに2つの流れが分離されることを確実にするために注意をした。
【0023】
ポリマーの減じられた比粘度を、30℃において反応生成物の水溶液を蒸留水、次に塩化ナトリウム水溶液で希釈して2m塩化ナトリウム溶液中の0.05%ポリマー溶液を得ることによって測定した。RSVは次の式を使用して計算した(式中、147.1は使用した特定のUbbelohde粘度計についての運動補正率(kinetic correction factor)であり、tsは試料のフロー時間であり、そしてtoは2m塩化ナトリウム溶液についてのフロー時間である)。
【0024】
【数1】
【0025】
【実施例1〜14】
実施例1〜14は種々の量のポリビニルモノマーを使用した、本発明のターポリマーの製造を記述する。実施例6において、アクリル酸ではなくイタコン酸を不飽和カルボン酸として使用し、そして実施例14ではメチレン−ビス−アクリルアミドの代わりにエチレングリコールジメタクリレートを使用した。
【0026】
実施例1において、脱イオン水(256.30g)、99.7%アクリル酸8.23g、メチレン−ビス−アクリルアミドの1%水溶液4.00g、及び水性アクリルアミド(50%固体)178.85gをビーカー内で結合した。アクリルアミド/アクリル酸/メチレン−ビス−アクリルアミドのモル比は92/8/0.0183であった。水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(25%溶液7.44g)を使用してpHを4.5に調節した。この溶液を反応器に移し、そして攪拌しながら30分間、6標準立法フィート/分(SCFM)の窒素を散布(sparge)した。窒素スパージ速度を2SCFMに減じ、反応体のガスシール(blanket)を維持した。各々20ミリリットルの5重量%水性臭素酸カリウム及び5重量%水性メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウムを反応器に60ml/時の添加速度で20分間にわたって加えた。初期温度は22.5℃であり、そして9分後に達した最高温度は67.9℃であった。反応の終わりに、5%メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム5ml部を反応混合物に加えて全ての残余のモノマーを反応させた。反応混合物を10分間攪拌し、そして濃厚(thick)反応生成物を反応器から出して分析した。RSVは1.3dl/g、ブルックフィールド粘度は28,300cpであった。
【0027】
実施例2〜14のポリマーを実施例1に記述した方法で製造した。ポリマーの製造及び特性についての詳細は表1に与えられる。
【0028】
【表1】
実施例10〜13中で製造されたポリマーをポリマーの内部乾燥強度用添加剤としての有効性を試験するために紙ハンドシート(handsheet)中に使用した。ハンドシートは50%硬木及び50%軟木パルプからpH7.0において製造し、そしてノミナル(nominal)の連量(basis weight)80 lb/リーム(ream)を有した。全ての紙は、0.1〜0.3%の乾燥強度用添加剤に加えて、0.4%のKymene(登録商標)557ポリアミド湿潤紙力増強用樹脂及び0.225重量%のAquapel(登録商標)649アルキルケテンダイマーサイズ剤を含んでいた。全ての百分率は乾燥パルプの重量基準に基づいている。Kymene(登録商標)557湿潤紙力増強用樹脂及びAquapel(登録商標)649サイズ剤は米国ウイルミントン州のハーキュリーズインコーポレーテッドから入手できる。厚さ方向(thickness direction)における引張強さ(Z−方向引張(ADT))を試験する前に、紙の試料を周囲条件下に1日間老化させた。この試験は紙の繊維間の内部結合の良好な指標である。乾燥強度用添加剤+湿潤紙力増強剤(wet strength agent)及びサイズ剤を含む試料のZDTを、湿潤紙力増強剤及びサイズ剤のみを含み乾燥強度用添加剤を含まない対照と比較した。表2における比較を百分率改善として計算した。
【0029】
【数2】
全てのハンドシートを同じ紙料から製造した。試験結果を表2に示す。
【0030】
【表2】
本明細書中に示した実施例は本発明を限定するものと解釈すべきではなく、これらは本発明の特定の態様のいくつかを例示するために提示されたものである。添付の特許請求の範囲から逸脱することなく、本発明の種々の修正及び変更がなされ得る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to water-soluble acrylamide terpolymers useful as dry strength additives for paper and their production and use.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is well known in the art that the strength of a paper product can be increased by incorporating an increased amount of paper pulp into the product. However, this also increases the weight of the product at financial expense. A preferred means of increasing the strength of the paper product is the addition of small amounts of additives that do not substantially increase the weight or cost of the paper.
[0003]
It is also known in the art that the addition of acrylamide / acrylic acid / methylene-bis-acrylamide terpolymer can increase the surface strength of the paper, but this can lead to a loss of internal strength. Such terpolymers are described in published Japanese patent application 32-79491, where 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent having at least two double bonds is used. For example, as described in US Pat. No. 3,247,171 and US Pat. No. 4,525,527, a water-swellable, cross-linked acrylamide, alkali metal acrylate, and bifunctional chemical crosslinker. Terpolymers are also known. These products are used, for example, as thickeners and sludge coagulants and in hygiene products.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
There is still a need for an effective internal dry strength additive for paper that is water soluble for convenience of operation and can be easily diluted with water and easily miscible with papermaking fibers.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The water-soluble terpolymers useful for increasing the internal dry strength of paper products of the present invention are essentially the following nonwovens: (a) acrylamide or methacrylamide, (b) ethylenically unsaturated, aliphatic A reaction product of a carboxylic acid or salt thereof, and (c) a water soluble, polyvinyl monomer, where (c) comprises <0.07 mol% based on total monomers; a 1% solution of the terpolymer is It can pass through a 200 mesh screen with substantially no polymer solids remaining, and the terpolymer has a reduced specific viscosity of about 3.0 deciliters / g or less.
[0006]
It can be readily appreciated that the term “terpolymer” as used herein means a polymer made from one or more monomers from each of groups (a), (b) and (c). .
[0007]
In further accordance with the present invention, (1) an aqueous solution of a monomer mixture consisting essentially of (a), (b) and (c) as described above, wherein (c) comprises <0.07 mol% based on total monomers. (2) adjusting the pH of the solution to about 3.5 to about 5.0 (3) adjusting the Cu +2 concentration to about 10 to about 65 ppm based on the total amount of acrylamide or methacrylamide. (4) purging with nitrogen to remove oxygen (5) both components of the redox initiator to obtain the desired terpolymer molecular weight as defined by the reduced specific viscosity Continuously added in sufficient quantity and rate; and (6) 1% solution can pass through a 200 mesh sieve with substantially no polymer solids remaining and is about 3.0 deciliters per gram or less. Water-soluble terpolymer by the process comprising recovering the terpolymer having a specific viscosity which is reduced with can be manufactured.
[0008]
The present invention also relates to a method for improving the dry strength of paper by adding the terpolymer described above to an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers.
[0009]
The dry strength additives of the present invention are water soluble and are effective under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
[0010]
The water-soluble terpolymer of the present invention consists essentially of the following units: (a) acrylamide or methacrylamide, (b) an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid or salt thereof, and (c) a water-soluble polyvinyl polymer.
[0011]
The monomer (a) used for producing the water-soluble terpolymer of the present invention is acrylamide or methacrylamide, and these can be used.
[0012]
Monomer (b) is an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Preferably the acid is a 1-5 carbon mono- or dicarboxylic acid. Suitable acids include, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid. Acrylic acid is most preferred.
[0013]
The monomer (c) is a water-soluble monomer containing at least two vinyl groups, and is preferably an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide of polyamine or a glycol ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. Suitable water-soluble vinyl monomers include, for example, N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide, N, N′-methylene-bis-methacrylamide, and other lower alkylidene-bis-acrylamides (the alkylidene group contains up to 4 carbon atoms. ), Ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and propylene glycol dimethacrylate. N, N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide is most preferred. The amount of component (c) is <0.07 mol%, preferably 0.01-0.06 mol%, and most preferably 0.02-0.04 mol%, based on total monomers.
[0014]
Those having ordinary skill in the art will be aware that the terpolymer may contain one or more of each monomer, and if amounts are used herein, these are It will be appreciated that it represents the total amount of type monomer. For ease of manufacture, it is preferred to use only one of each type.
[0015]
The molar ratio of acrylamide or methacrylamide to unsaturated carboxylic acid ranges from about 96/4 to about 88/12. Higher amounts of polyvinyl monomer lead to partial or complete water insolubility of the terpolymer.
[0016]
Copper +2 ions are used to slightly inhibit monomer reactivity and to control the molecular weight of the polymer. There should be about 10 to about 65, preferably about 20 to about 45, and most preferably about 30 parts of cupric ion per million parts of acrylamide or methacrylamide monomer. If not enough Cu +2 ions are present in the acrylamide or methacrylamide monomer, more is added to adjust the concentration to the desired level. The amount of Cu +2 ions required depends on the pH of the monomer solution, eg, higher amounts are required at lower pH. In order to maintain the molecular weight of the terpolymer at the desired level, other variables such as redox initiator addition rate or total monomer concentration must be adjusted when the copper + 2 ion concentration is changed. These adjustments are readily accomplished by those skilled in the art of polymer synthesis. Copper +2 ions are generally added as copper sulfate, but copper chloride or copper nitrate can also be used.
[0017]
The terpolymer preferably measures the concentration of Cu +2 ions typically present in acrylamide or methacrylamide monomers, dissolves the monomers in water, and adjusts the pH to about 3.5 to about 5. with caustic. Adjusting to 0, adjusting the Cu +2 ion concentration to about 10 to about 65 ppm based on the total amount of acrylamide or methacrylamide, purging with nitrogen to remove oxygen, and starting a two-component redox free radical It is produced by adding an agent to convert the monomer to a polymer. The monomer concentration in water generally ranges from about 15 to about 25% by weight.
[0018]
A two-component redox initiator consists of an oxidizing component and a reducing component that react with each other to form free radicals. Suitable oxidizing components include, for example, potassium bromate, potassium persulfate and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide. Suitable reducing components include, for example, sodium metabisulfite, ammonium persulfate, and sodium bisulfite. The pair typically used in the present invention is potassium bromate / sodium metabisulfite. Other suitable pairs include potassium persulfate / sodium bisulfite, potassium bromate / sodium bisulfite, and 3-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium bisulfite.
[0019]
A novel feature of the terpolymer production process of the present invention is that an aqueous solution of the redox initiator component is added continuously at a controlled rate to the purged monomer solution rather than all of it at once. . Continuous addition gives better control of polymerization and heat generation. Initiators can be added at the same rate throughout the reaction, or they can be added at one rate for a certain time and then at different rates for the other time. Typically for one RSV, the amount of potassium bromate added is about 1%, based on the weight of the total monomer, and the amount of sodium metabisulfite added is about 1.5%. These are typically added continuously during the polymerization over about 40 to about 120 minutes. If desired, additional sodium metabisulfite can be added at the end of the polymerization process to remove any residual monomer. This addition is referred to as “polishing” in Table 1.
[0020]
The Brookfield viscosity of the polymer formed in this way depends on the rate of redox initiator addition and the amount of initiator used. Under the typical conditions described in the previous paragraph, the polymer solution has a Brookfield viscosity of about 2,000 to about 20,000 cp at a polymer concentration of about 20% by weight. Dilution of the solution with water to 1% polymer produces a homogeneous solution that is free of visible insoluble gel and easily passes through the sieve, leaving less than 1 wt% polymer solids on a 200 mesh sieve. The polymer further has a reduced specific viscosity of about 3.0 dl / g or less, preferably about 0.5 to about 3.0 dl / g, at 0.05% concentration in 2 molar sodium chloride solution. Features.
[0021]
The method of the present invention for improving the internal dry strength of paper involves contacting an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers with the aforementioned terpolymer. Improvement is shown under both acidic and alkaline conditions. A wetting layer is then formed from the fiber dispersion and the resulting layer is preferably dried at an elevated temperature. The strength can be further increased when other cationic polymers such as cationic additives, preferably alum or cationic starch or cationic polyamine wet strength resin are present.
[0022]
In the following examples, a sealed 2 liter adiabatic resin reaction kettle having a bottom valve with a stopcock was used. The equipment includes a mechanical stirrer (paddle), a thermocouple, a nitrogen sparge inlet, and a nitrogen outlet through an aqueous sodium metabisulfite trap. The initiator solution is continuously injected into the reactor through a hypodermic tube using a syringe pump. Care was taken to ensure that the two streams were separated when injected into the reactor.
[0023]
The reduced specific viscosity of the polymer was measured by diluting an aqueous solution of the reaction product with distilled water and then with an aqueous sodium chloride solution at 30 ° C. to obtain a 0.05% polymer solution in a 2 m sodium chloride solution. RSV is calculated using the following formula (wherein, 147.1 exercise correction factor for the particular Ubbelohde viscometer that was used (kinetic correction factor), t s is the flow time of the sample, and t o is the flow time for a 2m sodium chloride solution).
[0024]
[Expression 1]
[0025]
Examples 1 to 14
Examples 1-14 describe the preparation of the terpolymers of the present invention using various amounts of polyvinyl monomer. In Example 6, itaconic acid rather than acrylic acid was used as the unsaturated carboxylic acid, and in Example 14, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was used instead of methylene-bis-acrylamide.
[0026]
In Example 1, a beaker was charged with deionized water (256.30 g), 8.23 g of 99.7% acrylic acid, 4.00 g of a 1% aqueous solution of methylene-bis-acrylamide, and 178.85 g of aqueous acrylamide (50% solids). Joined within. The molar ratio of acrylamide / acrylic acid / methylene-bis-acrylamide was 92/8 / 0.0183. The pH was adjusted to 4.5 using aqueous sodium hydroxide (7.44 g of 25% solution). The solution was transferred to the reactor and sparged with 6 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) of nitrogen with stirring for 30 minutes. The nitrogen sparge rate was reduced to 2 SCFM to maintain the reactant gas seal. 20 ml each of 5 wt% aqueous potassium bromate and 5 wt% aqueous sodium metabisulfite were added to the reactor at an addition rate of 60 ml / hour over 20 minutes. The initial temperature was 22.5 ° C. and the maximum temperature reached after 9 minutes was 67.9 ° C. At the end of the reaction, 5 ml of 5% sodium metabisulfite was added to the reaction mixture to react all the remaining monomers. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and the thick reaction product was removed from the reactor and analyzed. RSV was 1.3 dl / g and Brookfield viscosity was 28,300 cp.
[0027]
The polymers of Examples 2-14 were prepared by the method described in Example 1. Details on the preparation and properties of the polymers are given in Table 1.
[0028]
[Table 1]
The polymers prepared in Examples 10-13 were used in paper handsheets to test the effectiveness of the polymer as an additive for internal dry strength. The handsheet was made from 50% hardwood and 50% softwood pulp at pH 7.0 and had a nominal basis weight of 80 lb / ream. All papers contain 0.4% Kymene® 557 polyamide wet strength resin and 0.225% by weight Aquapel (0.1% to 0.3% dry strength additive). ® 649 alkyl ketene dimer sizing agent. All percentages are based on dry pulp weight basis. Kymene (R) 557 wet strength resin and Aquapel (R) 649 sizing agent are available from Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, USA. Before testing the tensile strength in the thickness direction (Z-direction tensile (ADT)), the paper samples were aged for 1 day under ambient conditions. This test is a good indicator of internal bonding between paper fibers. The ZDT of the sample containing the dry strength additive + wet strength agent and sizing agent was compared to a control containing only the wet strength agent and sizing agent and no dry strength additive. The comparison in Table 2 was calculated as a percentage improvement.
[0029]
[Expression 2]
All handsheets were made from the same stock. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0030]
[Table 2]
The examples set forth herein should not be construed as limiting the invention, but are presented to illustrate some of the specific embodiments of the invention. Various modifications and alterations of the present invention may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US344831 | 1994-11-23 | ||
US08/344,831 US5543446A (en) | 1994-11-23 | 1994-11-23 | Water-soluble acrylamide/acrylic acid polymers and their use as dry strength additives for paper |
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JPH08208762A JPH08208762A (en) | 1996-08-13 |
JP3841861B2 true JP3841861B2 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
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US (1) | US5543446A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0713890B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3841861B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100400146B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1085982C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE168386T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU696666B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9505503A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2163477C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69503459T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2120119T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI116527B (en) |
NO (1) | NO954719L (en) |
TW (1) | TW370533B (en) |
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GB9426025D0 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1995-02-22 | Smith Philip L U | Oil and gas field chemicals |
US7317053B1 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2008-01-08 | Hercules Incorporated | Compositions for imparting desired properties to materials |
ZA200105884B (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-05-13 | Armstrong World Ind Inc | Fibrous sheet enhancement. |
US6723204B2 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2004-04-20 | Hercules Incorporated | Process for increasing the dry strength of paper |
US6939443B2 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2005-09-06 | Lanxess Corporation | Anionic functional promoter and charge control agent |
JP5072514B2 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2012-11-14 | ダイヤニトリックス株式会社 | Method for producing water-soluble polymer |
CN102292499A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-12-21 | 巴科曼实验室国际公司 | Method for controlling enzymatic decomposition of peroxide and products thereof |
PL2496651T3 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2015-11-30 | Solenis Tech Cayman Lp | Surface application of polymers and polymer mixtures to improve paper strength |
EP2834277B1 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2018-01-10 | Rhodia Operations | Method for synthesising polymers from acrylic acid, one of the salts of same or the mixture thereof |
BR112015016533B1 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2022-06-07 | Championx Usa Inc | Method for recovering a hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation, water-soluble polymer and composition |
US10442980B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2019-10-15 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Polymer emulsions for use in crude oil recovery |
CN104389237B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-08-17 | 浙江九本环保技术有限公司 | A kind of papermaking coating biomass adhesive and its preparation method and application |
TW201739983A (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2017-11-16 | 亞齊羅馬Ip公司 | Use of an acrylate copolymer, a method of making a substrate comprising cellulosic fibres by using the same, and the corresponding substrate |
EP3873735A1 (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2021-09-08 | Buckman Laboratories International, Inc. | Synthesis of re-pulpable temporary wet strength polymer for tissue application |
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CA547577A (en) * | 1957-10-15 | L. Azorlosa Julian | Preparation of paper product | |
CA477265A (en) * | 1951-09-25 | Hercules Powder Company | Preparation of paper products | |
US2661309A (en) * | 1948-11-18 | 1953-12-01 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Coated paper and method of producing same |
US3061595A (en) * | 1959-11-24 | 1962-10-30 | American Cyanamid Co | Polymerization promoter system for water-soluble polymers |
US3247171A (en) * | 1963-04-08 | 1966-04-19 | Dow Chemical Co | Process for hydrolyzing a cross-linked acrylamide polymer and the product thereby |
US3332922A (en) * | 1963-05-13 | 1967-07-25 | Calgon Corp | Acrylamide polymers prepared in the presence of a redox catalyst system wherein a constant free-radical concentration is maintained |
US4059552A (en) * | 1974-06-21 | 1977-11-22 | The Dow Chemical Company | Cross-linked water-swellable polymer particles |
US4525527A (en) * | 1982-01-25 | 1985-06-25 | American Colloid Company | Production process for highly water absorbable polymer |
JPS6350597A (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-03-03 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Paper strength enhancer |
JPH028207A (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-11 | Harima Chem Inc | Aqueous solution of polymer |
JPH02139494A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-29 | Harima Chem Inc | Additive for paper making |
JP2905248B2 (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1999-06-14 | 荒川化学工業株式会社 | Surface paper strength agent |
JP3089661B2 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 2000-09-18 | 三井サイテック株式会社 | Paper manufacturing method |
JP3100443B2 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 2000-10-16 | 三井化学株式会社 | Paper surface strength improver |
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DE69503459D1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
KR960017706A (en) | 1996-06-17 |
JPH08208762A (en) | 1996-08-13 |
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BR9505503A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
CA2163477C (en) | 2000-01-11 |
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CN1139121A (en) | 1997-01-01 |
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AU696666B2 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
TW370533B (en) | 1999-09-21 |
ATE168386T1 (en) | 1998-08-15 |
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EP0713890B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
CA2163477A1 (en) | 1996-05-24 |
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