JP3841476B2 - Ink-repellent lithographic binder polymer - Google Patents

Ink-repellent lithographic binder polymer Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3841476B2
JP3841476B2 JP12590196A JP12590196A JP3841476B2 JP 3841476 B2 JP3841476 B2 JP 3841476B2 JP 12590196 A JP12590196 A JP 12590196A JP 12590196 A JP12590196 A JP 12590196A JP 3841476 B2 JP3841476 B2 JP 3841476B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
group
polymer
binder polymer
lithographic
sulfonic acid
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JP12590196A
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JPH09311443A (en
Inventor
源昭 高橋
祐之 土屋
優稔 鈴木
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41CPROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C2210/00Preparation or type or constituents of the imaging layers, in relation to lithographic printing forme preparation
    • B41C2210/16Waterless working, i.e. ink repelling exposed (imaged) or non-exposed (non-imaged) areas, not requiring fountain solution or water, e.g. dry lithography or driography

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  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ドライプロセス可能な平版材に用いられる架橋性を有する撥インキ性バインダーポリマーに関する。ここでドライプロセスとは画像露光後洗い出し工程不要な製版で印刷版が製造できるプロセスを指す。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
平版印刷に供される版材には、幾つかの構成とそれに応じた製版方式がある。一番多用されているのは陽極酸化されたアルミニウム基材の上に親油性のフォトレジスト膜を設け、画像露光後非画像部を形成するフォトレジスト膜を洗い落とし印刷版とする方式である。その他、銀塩を用いた平版材は露光後現像し未露光部の銀塩を溶出し非画像部を形成させる方式である。またシリコンゴム層を親油層の上に設けた水無し平版材があり、露光後画像形成部のシリコンゴム層を洗浄除去若しくはレーザー露光時、画像部のシリコンゴム層を分解除去する方式である。
【0003】
先行している上記製版方式の版材には、何れも何らかの現像を要し、必然的に廃棄物発生が不可避であった。現像を要することによる画像形成品質の変動極小に抑えるための現像管理作業が必須であった。また、昨今では産業廃棄物に対する規制は益々強化され上記の方式では何れも産業廃棄物処理を必須とし製版コストを上げる要因になっている。
【0004】
これらの問題を解決するには画像・非画像形成工程において一切の版材構成成分の除去を必要とせず平版材が製造できる製版原理とそれを実現する版材構成が必要であり、そのポイントは架橋性の撥インキ性バインダーポリマーにある。従来、撥インキ性のバインダーポリマーは幾つか公知であるが(例えば、特開昭53−21602号公報、特開平6−258837号公報、特開平7−253671号公報、特開平7−001849号公報等)、これらは非架橋性であって通常の平版印刷に用いるには耐刷性が不足するという問題および/または撥インキ性、特に新聞用平版印刷インキといった低粘度インキに対する撥インキ性が不足しているという問題があった。また、架橋性基の導入、特に付加重合性不飽和基の導入が容易でないという問題も有していた。
【0005】
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、ポリマー製造が容易であって架橋性と平版印刷インキ、特に新聞インキといった低粘度インキに対しても優れた撥インキ性を兼ね備えた平版材用バインダーポリマー、及びそれを用いた平版材を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、少なくともカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基の何れかを含有するモノマーからなる重合体と付加重合性不飽和基含有イソシアナト化合物との反応により付加重合性不飽和基を導入し、残りのカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基の一部がアルカリ金属塩若しくはアルカリ土類金属塩化することにより、上記課題を解決することができることを見出し、本発明に到達した。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
(1)アクリル酸、メタクリル酸の少なくとも何れか一種であるカルボキシル基含有するモノマー;および・またはスルフォエチルアクリレート、スルフォエチルメタクリレートの少なくとも何れか一種のスルフォン酸基を含有するモノマー;からなる重合体中のカルボキシル基若しくはスルフォン酸基と、2−イソシアナトエチルアクリレート、2−イソシアナトエチルメタクリレートの少なくとも一種である付加重合性不飽和基含有イソシアナト化合物との反応により付加重合性不飽和基が導入され、残りのカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基の一部がアルカリ金属塩若しくはアルカリ土類金属塩化された、数平均分子量が1.5×10 3 〜30×10 4 である架橋性を有する平版製造用バインダーポリマー。
)付加重合性不飽和基の導入率が重合体鎖構成モノマー100モルに対し、3〜30モル%である上記(1)の平版製造用バインダーポリマー。
)カルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基のアルカリ金属塩若しくはアルカリ土類金属塩化率が付加重合性不飽和基導入前の重合体中のカルボキシル基および/またはスルフォン酸基全当量100に対し30当量以上97当量以下である上記()の平版製造用バインダーポリマー。
)上記(1)の平版製造用バインダーポリマーを用いたドライプロセス用平版材。
【0008】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明のバインダーポリマーは、少なくともカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基の何れかを含有するモノマーから合成される重合体中のカルボキシル基若しくはスルフォン酸基と、付加重合性不飽和基含有イソシアナト化合物との反応により付加重合性不飽和基が導入される。
【0009】
本発明のバインダーポリマーを製造するために用いることの出来るカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基含有モノマーとして、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、イタコン酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、スルフォエチルアクリレート、スルフォエチルメタクリレート、ビニルスルフォン酸等を例示出来る。これらの中でも、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、イタコン酸、スルフォエチルアクリレート、スルフォエチルメタクリレートが重合性、取り扱い性、撥インキ性の観点から好ましい。これらのモノマーの中から一種若しくは数種を選択し重合する。
【0010】
重合は水、有機溶剤若しくは水と有機溶剤の混合溶剤中、上記モノマーを溶解若しくは分散させ、通常のラジカル重合開始剤を用いたラジカル重合を行えば容易に実施できる。かかる溶剤には生成した重合体の分離とコストを考慮し選択すれば特に制約はない。但し、水やプロトン系有機溶剤を用いた場合は、重合反応終了後、一旦溶剤を除去し非プロトン系溶剤に変更する必要がある。従って、重合反応に支障なければ溶剤除去操作の手間を省く為、最初から非プロトン系有機溶剤を用いるのが好ましい。
【0011】
ラジカル重合開始剤はアゾ系開始剤、過酸化物系開始剤、レドックス系開始剤といった公知の開始剤を使用すれば良い。反応温度、溶剤、所望する平均分子量、残存開始剤後処理等を考慮し選択すればよい。通常はアゾ系開始剤、例えば、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビスバレロニトリル等、過酸化物系開始剤、例えば、過酸化ベンゾイルが用いられる。添加濃度は所望する重合体の平均分子量、ラジカル重合開始剤の開始効率を考慮し決める。過剰に用いて後で行う付加反応時、実質的に残存しない様、適正量添加することが大切である。もし重合反応後残存開始剤量が無視できない場合、加熱して失活させるか一旦得られた重合体を単離精製する操作を施す。
【0012】
重合の終点はGPCを用いてモニターし所望の平均分子量に到達した時点とし、終点に達したら冷却し次の付加反応工程に入る。(以下、付加反応工程前の重合体を一次ポリマーと略称する。)
次いで行う付加反応に使用される付加重合性不飽和基含有イソシアナト化合物としては2−イソシアナトエチルアクリレート、2−イソシアナトエチルメタクリレート、アクリルイソシアナト、メタクリルイソシアナト等が例示出来る。イソシアナト化合物の取り扱い性からは2−イソシアナトエチルアクリレート、2−イソシアナトエチルメタクリレートが好ましい。
【0013】
得られた一次ポリマーと付加重合性不飽和基含有イソシアナト化合物との反応は反応器内部の水分を制御してから行う。これは水分が高いとイソシアナト化合物との反応性副生成物の存在が無視出来なくなり、また、一次ポリマーとの付加率が制御出来ないからである。反応容器中の水分除去は減圧脱水操作を繰り返し、数千ppm迄に制御する。水分測定は公知の方法で測定すれば良いがカールフィッシャー法が簡便である。
【0014】
イソシアナト化合物は一度に添加すると発熱が激しいので滴下ロートに脱水した溶剤と一緒に入れ、数十分間の範囲で添加し、徐々に反応容器を加温し数十℃で反応終点まで攪拌しながら反応させる。通常は50〜90℃の範囲で反応させる。無触媒でも十分反応は進行するが、低温で行う場合や反応が立体障害を受けやすい位置にあるカルボキシル基の場合等はウレタン化反応触媒を併用することが好ましい。使用できる触媒としては、ジブチル錫ジラウレートと言った通常のウレタン化反応触媒が例示される。反応の終点は赤外分光光度法によりイソシアナト基の特性吸収が実質認められなくなる時点、若しくは、ガスクロマトグラフィー法でイソシアナト化合物のピークが実質検出出来なくなる時点をもって終点とすればよい。反応時にゲル化するのを防ぐため熱重合禁止剤を系全体の0.1〜5重量%添加しておくと良い。かかる禁止剤には公知の重合禁止剤を使用すればよく特に制約はない。2,4−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール、p−メトキシフェノール、ハイドロキノン等を例示出来る。
【0015】
カルボキシル基若しくはスルフォン酸基とイソシアナト基との反応により一次ポリマーに付加重合性不飽和基が導入されるが、この導入率は、重合体鎖構成モノマーの3〜30モル%の範囲が好ましい。3モル%より低いと耐刷性が低下し、30モル%を越すと付加重合性不飽和基が有効に架橋反応に預からず無駄になり、また架橋させた場合固くなりすぎ却って脆くなる恐れがあり、さらには撥インキ性が低下する。5〜20モル%の範囲が諸性能のバランスが取れ無駄もなくより好ましい。付加重合性不飽和基の導入率は反応前後の酸価、NMR法何れから求めてもよい。
【0016】
本発明のバインダーポリマーは撥インキ性を安定化させるため、バインダーポリマー中のカルボキシル基若しくはスルフォン酸基の一部をアルカリ金属若しくはアルカリ土類金属で中和し塩を形成させる。この塩化率は一次ポリマー中のカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基全当量を100当量としたとき30当量以上97当量以下が好ましい。30当量を下回ると撥インキ性が安定しない場合があるので好ましくない。97当量を越えると版としての耐水性が乏しくなる。より好ましくは、40当量以上95当量以下が撥インキ性と耐水性のバランスが取りやすい。
【0017】
本発明のバインダーポリマーの数平均分子量はポリマー処理や塗布組成にしたときの使いやすさ、版にしたときの耐刷性から1.5×103 〜30×104 の範囲が好ましい。さらに好ましくは、5×103 〜20×104 の範囲がより使いやすい。ここで数平均分子量とはGPC法で求めた換算分子量であり、測定方法の詳細は実施例に記載する。通常本測定はアルカリ金属若しくはアルカリ土類金属塩処理前のポリマーについて実施する。
【0018】
本発明のバインダーポリマーの構成モノマーとしてカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基を含有しないモノマーを少量併用することが出来るが、あくまで、撥インキ性に支障がなく本発明の付加重合性不飽和基導入の妨げにならないものに限定される。
本発明で得られたバインダーポリマーを用いてドライプロセス用の平版材を作製することが出来る。支持体は、必要によりアンカー層を設けたスティール、アルミ、プラスチック、紙等のシートを用いる。アンカー層はアクリル系、ウレタン系、セルロース系、ポリアリルアミン系等の接着剤を塗布することで設けることが出来る。アンカー層は耐刷性付与など必要なときに設ければよい。支持体上に感光或いは感熱層を塗布して設ける。この感光或いは感熱層を構成する成分は本発明のバインダーポリマーと画像形成成分他必要な成分から成る。画像形成成分がマイクロカプセル化されていると、非画像領域において画像形成成分が版表面に直接分布することにより発生する地汚れを防止出来、さらにバインダーポリマーと画像形成成分がお互い反応する系においては、画像が形成される領域以外ではお互いが隔離され版の保存安定性上好ましい。画像形成成分のマイクロカプセル化は公知の技術、例えば、界面重合法、in−situ法、芯物質と反応しうる液体物質中における常温固体物質粉砕法等により実施できる。芯物質はそれ自体親油性物質かバインダーポリマーの撥インキ性担体官能基と反応する物質など目的に応じ選択すれば良い。さらに画像形成手段に応じ、光重合開始剤、増感剤、光熱変換剤を添加する。これらはマイクロカプセル外でも内でも構わない。最近は近赤外線レーザ印字モードの平版が注目されているが、その場合でも、熱として利用する場合は、シアニン系、ポリメチン系といった公知の光熱変換剤を用いる。その具体例は特開平7−001849号公報等に記載されている。
【0019】
こうして作製されたドライプロセス用平版材はその画像露光方式に従い、例えば、紫外光モードのレーザー、可視光モードのレーザー、近赤外光モードのレーザーによる印字、或いはサーマルヘッドによる熱モード印字といったディジタル画像記録による画像形成方法、或いはポジフィルム、ネガフィルム等の画像担体を介してアナログ画像記録による画像形成方法により画像形成をし記録部を親油性に変換し画像部を形成し洗い出し工程を必要とせず印刷版を製造できる。最近では前記フィルムを介さないディジタル画像記録のダイレクト方式が注目されている。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を実施例をもってさらに具体的に説明する。文中、部は注意書きがない限り重量部である。
なお、一次ポリマー及びバインダーポリマーのGPC法による数平均分子量測定は以下のように行った。機器:日本分光製TRI−ROTAR VI、カラム:SB−804HQ 1本、ガードカラム:SB−G 1本、溶離液:NaNO3 50mM水溶液、カラム温度:30℃、流量:0.5ml/min、検出器:RI、検量線作成標準物質:PEG−PEO。
【0021】
【実施例1】
セパラブルフラスコ中にアクリル酸216部、トルエン1920部を計量し、室温で攪拌しながらアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(以下AIBNと略記。)2.46部を徐々に滴下し加えた。その後、60℃に昇温し3時間攪拌した。生成して沈殿した重合体を濾過しトルエン約2リットルで洗浄し、80℃で大凡乾燥した。次いで、該重合体を、水を入れたセパラブルフラスコに移し溶かした。その溶液にアセトニトリルを滴下し重合体を再分離し洗浄した。濾過した重合体を恒量になるまで乾燥し、一次ポリマー204部を得た(GPC法による数平均分子量:6×104 )。
【0022】
次いで、セパラブルフラスコ中のN,N−ジメチルフォルムアミド(以下DMFと略記。)に、一次ポリマー27.3部を仕込んだ。減圧脱水を行い溶液中の水分をカールフィッシャー法で測定し1800ppmになったところで、乾燥空気気流中、乾燥DMFに溶かした2−イソシアナトエチルメタクリレート9.3部と2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール(BHT)0.1部とを滴下ロートからフラスコ内を攪拌しながら30分間かけて添加した。添加終了後、徐々に昇温し60℃で1時間攪拌した時点で赤外分光法でイソシアナト基の特性吸収が検出出来なくなった。内容物を冷却し、アセトニトリル中でポリマーを単離乾燥し、再度メタノールに溶解、アセトニトリルで単離を行い精製し付加重合性不飽和基含有バインダーポリマーを得た(NMR法による付加重合性不飽和基導入率:5.3モル%)。このポリマーを水に溶解し計算量の苛性ソーダでカルボン酸を80当量%分中和して本発明のバインダーポリマー(BP1)を製造した(ナトリウム塩化前の数平均分子量:6.5×104 )。
【0023】
【実施例2】
実施例1同様にして、数平均分子量12×104 のポリアクリル酸一次ポリマーを得た。該一次ポリマー28.5部に対し、2−イソシアナトエチルアクリレート8.1部を添加して反応させた。得られたポリマーを単離してNMR法により付加重合性不飽和基導入率を測定したところ、11モル%であった。このポリマーを水に溶解させ苛性ソーダで部分中和しカルボン酸の70当量%までナトリウム塩化し、本発明のバインダーポリマー(BP2)を製造した(ナトリウム塩化前の数平均分子量:14×104 )。
【0024】
【実施例3】
セパラブルフラスコにアセトン300部、スルフォエチルメタクリレート21部、アクリル酸15.8部を仕込み、窒素気流中、45℃に加温し攪拌しているところに、アセトンに溶解したAIBN0.52部を約30分間かけて滴下した。6時間攪拌したところで生成した重合体を濾過しアセトン洗浄を数回繰り返し、ラジカル重合開始剤、モノマーの残存がほぼないことを確認した。この重合体を真空乾燥し一次ポリマーを得た(GPC法による数平均分子量:16.4×104 。元素分析から求めた重合体中のモノマー組成比率は上記の順に、33/67と概ね仕込みモル比率に合致していた。)
次いで、該一次ポリマー10.8部をトルエン133部、BHT0.012部が既に仕込んであるセパラブルフラスコに計り取り、乾燥空気気流中、攪拌しながら90℃に昇温した。そこに2−イソシアナトエチルメタクリレート1.6部とジブチル錫ジラウレート0.03部を徐々に滴下した。約9時間攪拌したところで赤外分光法におけるイソシアナト基の特性吸収がほぼ無視できるまでに反応が進行した。分散しているポリマーを濾過しアセトンで数回洗浄し、真空乾燥した(NMR法で測定した付加重合性不飽和基の導入率は5.6モル%。)。得られたポリマーを水に溶解し、苛性カリでカルボキシル基とスルフォン酸基との60当量%を部分中和し本発明のバインダーポリマー(BP3)を製造した(カリウム塩化前の数平均分子量:17.3×104 )。
【0025】
【比較例1】
バインダーポリマー中のカルボキシル基のナトリウム塩化を施さない点を除き実施例1と同様にしてバインダーポリマー(BP4)を製造した。
【0026】
【比較例2】
2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート52.2部、アクリルアミド35.5部、アクリル酸3.6部、ドデシルメルカプタン0.9部、水/イソプロピルアルコール(1/1重量比)100部の混合溶液を反応器中で70℃に加温した。これにAIBNを1部添加し5時間反応した。引き続きグリシジルメタクリレート7.2部、t−ブチルハイドロキノン0.5部、ベンジルトリメチルアンモウニウムクロライド1部を加え、130℃で6時間反応した。次いでアセトンを加えポリマーを沈殿、洗浄しバインダーポリマー(BP5)を製造した(数平均分子量:1.5×104 、NMRで測定したメタクリル基の導入率は4モル%)。
【0027】
【実施例4〜6および比較例3〜4】
脱脂後電解研磨した厚み0.2mmのアルミ板に下記組成のアンカー剤を塗工し乾燥・硬化させた支持体上に実施例1〜3、比較例1〜2で製造したバインダーポリマー10部、ラジカル重合開始剤;(2−アクリロイルオキシエチル)(4−ベンゾイルベンジル)ジメチル臭化アンモニウム0.2部、水80部からなるドープ液をバーコータで塗布し乾燥後、窒素雰囲気下で紫外線露光し(露光量:7J/cm2 )、非画像部のみの版を作成した(塗布層の厚み:3μm )。
アンカー剤組成:ポリアリルアミン(日東紡績製PAA−10C、10wt%水溶液)10部、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル(n=9)0.8部、アセトン8部。
【0028】
これらの版をオフセット印刷機に順次装着し、インキとして新聞用オフ輪インキ(日本新聞インキ製)、湿し水としてドンエッチ(日本新聞インキ製)を用い印刷した。その結果を表1に示した。なお、表1において用紙反射濃度は、大日本スクリーン製造(株)製、反射濃度計DM400で測定し、厚み測定はMitutoyo製、厚み測定機Degimatic Indicatorで行った。本発明のバインダーポリマーからなる非画像版はインキ汚れが肉眼判定では検出されず、3万部印刷後版を洗浄・乾燥し印刷前後の版厚変化も殆ど検出されなかった。一方、比較例3及び4の版は途中からインキ汚れが認められた。
【0029】
【実施例7】
実施例4で用いた支持体上に、下記組成の感光液をブレードコータで塗布したのち40℃で乾燥し紫外線ランプで光硬化させてオフセット原版を作成した。次いで、830nmに発光中心を有するレーザーダイオードを搭載した製版装置に該原版を装着しテストチャートを印字した。その後、一切の現像、洗い出し操作をせずそのまま、実施例4に記載したオフセット印刷機に装着し実施例4同様に印刷した。約3万部まで印刷したところ、非画像部のインキ汚れは観察されず、良好な印刷物が得られた。
感光液組成
・実施例1のバインダーポリマー5部
・3,3′−ジメチルビフェニル−4,4′−ジイソシアナート100部に対しと光熱変換色素kayasorb CY−10(商品名、日本化薬製)2部の割合で溶剤中に溶解混合した後、乾燥させた固体を、部分鹸化PVA、水、エタノール中でアルミナボールで粉砕して作成したカプセル5部
・PEG(Mn=1000)0.5部
・実施例4で用いたラジカル重合開始剤0.1部
・水11部
・エタノール5部
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 0003841476
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明のバインダーポリマーは、撥インキ性に優れ、通常平版印刷で非画像部として使用される陽極酸化されたアルミ支持体に匹敵する非画像性能を発揮する。特に、新聞用オフセットインキといった低粘度インキに対し、良好な撥インキ性を発揮する。また酸アミド基をポリマー中に含有するため優れた耐摩耗性も示す。また付加重合性不飽和基の定量的導入が容易であり実用性に優れている。本発明のバインダーポリマーを用いることにより洗い出し、現像工程が一切不要のダイレクト平版材が可能となり、画像形成工程変動を最小に抑制でき印刷画像品質の管理が容易になる。また廃液という産業廃棄物発生を伴わず製版業がもたらす環境改善にも大いに寄与する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ink-repellent binder polymer having crosslinkability used for a lithographic material capable of a dry process. Here, the dry process refers to a process in which a printing plate can be produced by plate making which does not require a washing-out step after image exposure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are several constitutions for plate materials used for lithographic printing and plate making methods corresponding thereto. The method most frequently used is a method in which a lipophilic photoresist film is provided on an anodized aluminum substrate, and the photoresist film that forms a non-image portion after image exposure is washed away to form a printing plate. In addition, a lithographic material using a silver salt is a system in which development is performed after exposure and silver salt in an unexposed part is eluted to form a non-image part. Further, there is a waterless lithographic material in which a silicon rubber layer is provided on a lipophilic layer, and the silicon rubber layer in the image forming portion after exposure is cleaned or removed, or the silicon rubber layer in the image portion is decomposed and removed during laser exposure.
[0003]
Any of the preceding plate materials of the above-mentioned plate making system required some development, and inevitably the generation of waste was inevitable. Development management work for suppressing the fluctuation of the image formation quality due to the development is indispensable. In recent years, regulations on industrial waste have been tightened more and more, and any of the above methods makes it necessary to dispose of industrial waste and increase the plate making cost.
[0004]
In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to have a plate making principle that can produce a lithographic material without the need to remove any plate material components in the image / non-image forming process, and a plate material structure that realizes it. Crosslinkable ink repellent binder polymer. Conventionally, several ink-repellent binder polymers are known (for example, JP-A-53-21602, JP-A-6-258837, JP-A-7-253671, JP-A-7-001849). Etc.), which are non-crosslinkable and have insufficient printing durability for use in ordinary lithographic printing and / or ink repellency, particularly ink repellency for low viscosity inks such as newspaper lithographic printing inks There was a problem that. In addition, there is also a problem that it is not easy to introduce a crosslinkable group, particularly an addition polymerizable unsaturated group.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a binder polymer for a lithographic material, which is easy to produce a polymer and has excellent cross-linkability and excellent ink repellency even for low-viscosity inks such as lithographic printing inks, especially newspaper inks, and the use It is to provide a lithographic material.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors introduced an addition polymerizable unsaturated group by reaction of a polymer comprising a monomer containing at least one of a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid group with an addition polymerizable unsaturated group-containing isocyanate compound, and the rest The present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by chlorinating some of the carboxyl group and sulfonic acid group with an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal, and have reached the present invention.
[0007]
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) a monomer containing a carboxyl group which is at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid ; and / or a monomer containing a sulfonic acid group of at least one of sulfoethyl acrylate and sulfoethyl methacrylate. An addition polymerizable unsaturated group is introduced by a reaction between a carboxyl group or sulfonic acid group in the coalescence and an addition polymerizable unsaturated group-containing isocyanate compound which is at least one of 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. The remaining carboxyl group and sulfonic acid group are partly alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal chloride, and the number average molecular weight is 1.5 × 10 3 ~ 30 × 10 4 A binder polymer for producing a lithographic plate having crosslinkability.
( 2 ) The lithographic plate-making binder polymer according to the above (1), wherein the introduction rate of the addition polymerizable unsaturated group is 3 to 30 mol% with respect to 100 mol of the polymer chain constituting monomer.
( 3 ) Alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salinity of carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group is 30 equivalents or more based on 100 equivalents of carboxyl group and / or sulfonic acid group in polymer before introduction of addition polymerizable unsaturated group The binder polymer for producing a lithographic plate as described in ( 1 ), having 97 equivalents or less.
( 4 ) A lithographic material for dry process using the lithographic production binder polymer of (1) above.
[0008]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The binder polymer of the present invention is obtained by reacting a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group in a polymer synthesized from a monomer containing at least one of a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid group with an addition polymerizable unsaturated group-containing isocyanate compound. Addition polymerizable unsaturated groups are introduced.
[0009]
Carboxyl group- and sulfonic acid group-containing monomers that can be used to produce the binder polymer of the present invention include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, vinyl. A sulfonic acid etc. can be illustrated. Among these, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, and sulfoethyl methacrylate are preferable from the viewpoints of polymerizability, handleability, and ink repellency. One or several of these monomers are selected and polymerized.
[0010]
Polymerization can be easily carried out by dissolving or dispersing the above monomers in water, an organic solvent or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, and carrying out radical polymerization using a normal radical polymerization initiator. Such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is selected in consideration of separation of the produced polymer and cost. However, when water or a proton-based organic solvent is used, it is necessary to remove the solvent once and change to an aprotic solvent after the completion of the polymerization reaction. Therefore, it is preferable to use an aprotic organic solvent from the beginning in order to save the labor of solvent removal if it does not interfere with the polymerization reaction.
[0011]
As the radical polymerization initiator, a known initiator such as an azo initiator, a peroxide initiator, or a redox initiator may be used. The reaction temperature, solvent, desired average molecular weight, residual initiator post-treatment, etc. may be selected. Usually, azo initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisvaleronitrile are used, and peroxide initiators such as benzoyl peroxide are used. The addition concentration is determined in consideration of the average molecular weight of the desired polymer and the initiation efficiency of the radical polymerization initiator. It is important to add an appropriate amount so that it does not substantially remain at the time of an addition reaction carried out later in excess. If the amount of the remaining initiator after the polymerization reaction cannot be ignored, it is deactivated by heating, or an operation for isolating and purifying the polymer once obtained is performed.
[0012]
The end point of the polymerization is monitored by using GPC, and when the desired average molecular weight is reached, when the end point is reached, the polymerization is cooled and the next addition reaction step is started. (Hereinafter, the polymer before the addition reaction step is abbreviated as a primary polymer.)
Examples of the addition polymerizable unsaturated group-containing isocyanate compound used in the subsequent addition reaction include 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate, 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, acrylic isocyanato, and methacrylic isocyanato. From the handleability of an isocyanato compound, 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate are preferable.
[0013]
The reaction between the obtained primary polymer and the addition polymerizable unsaturated group-containing isocyanato compound is carried out after the moisture in the reactor is controlled. This is because if the water content is high, the presence of reactive by-products with the isocyanato compound cannot be ignored, and the addition rate with the primary polymer cannot be controlled. Water removal from the reaction vessel is controlled to several thousand ppm by repeating the dehydration operation under reduced pressure. The moisture measurement may be performed by a known method, but the Karl Fischer method is simple.
[0014]
The isocyanato compound generates a lot of heat when added at once, so put it in the dropping funnel together with the dehydrated solvent, add it in the range of several tens of minutes, gradually warm the reaction vessel and stir to the reaction end point at several tens of degrees Celsius. React. Usually, the reaction is carried out in the range of 50 to 90 ° C. Although the reaction proceeds sufficiently even without catalyst, it is preferable to use a urethanization reaction catalyst in combination when the reaction is carried out at a low temperature or the carboxyl group is in a position where the reaction is susceptible to steric hindrance. Examples of the catalyst that can be used include an ordinary urethanization reaction catalyst such as dibutyltin dilaurate. The end point of the reaction may be the end point when the characteristic absorption of the isocyanato group is not substantially observed by infrared spectrophotometry, or when the peak of the isocyanato compound cannot be substantially detected by gas chromatography. In order to prevent gelation during the reaction, it is preferable to add a thermal polymerization inhibitor in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the whole system. As such an inhibitor, a known polymerization inhibitor may be used without any particular limitation. Examples include 2,4-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, p-methoxyphenol, hydroquinone and the like.
[0015]
An addition polymerizable unsaturated group is introduced into the primary polymer by the reaction of a carboxyl group or sulfonic acid group with an isocyanato group, and the introduction rate is preferably in the range of 3 to 30 mol% of the polymer chain constituent monomer. If it is less than 3 mol%, the printing durability is lowered, and if it exceeds 30 mol%, the addition polymerizable unsaturated group is not effectively deposited in the crosslinking reaction and is wasted, and if it is crosslinked, it may become too hard and brittle. In addition, the ink repellency decreases. A range of 5 to 20 mol% is more preferable because it balances various performances and is not wasteful. The introduction rate of the addition polymerizable unsaturated group may be determined from either the acid value before or after the reaction or the NMR method.
[0016]
In order to stabilize the ink repellency, the binder polymer of the present invention neutralizes a part of the carboxyl group or sulfonic acid group in the binder polymer with an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal to form a salt. The chlorination rate is preferably 30 equivalents or more and 97 equivalents or less when the total equivalent of carboxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups in the primary polymer is 100 equivalents. If it is less than 30 equivalents, the ink repellency may not be stable. If it exceeds 97 equivalents, the water resistance of the plate will be poor. More preferably, 40 equivalents or more and 95 equivalents or less is easy to balance ink repellency and water resistance.
[0017]
The number average molecular weight of the binder polymer of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1.5 × 10 3 to 30 × 10 4 from the viewpoint of ease of use when a polymer treatment or coating composition is used and printing durability when a plate is formed. More preferably, the range of 5 × 10 3 to 20 × 10 4 is easier to use. Here, the number average molecular weight is a converted molecular weight determined by the GPC method, and details of the measuring method are described in Examples. Usually, this measurement is performed on the polymer before the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt treatment.
[0018]
A monomer that does not contain a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be used in a small amount as a constituent monomer of the binder polymer of the present invention, but it does not hinder the ink repellency, but hinders the introduction of the addition polymerizable unsaturated group of the present invention. It is limited to what is not.
A lithographic material for a dry process can be produced using the binder polymer obtained in the present invention. As the support, a sheet of steel, aluminum, plastic, paper or the like provided with an anchor layer as necessary is used. The anchor layer can be provided by applying an acrylic, urethane, cellulose or polyallylamine adhesive. The anchor layer may be provided when printing durability is required. A photosensitive or heat-sensitive layer is applied on the support. The components constituting the photosensitive or thermosensitive layer are composed of the binder polymer of the present invention, an image forming component and other necessary components. When the image forming component is microencapsulated, it is possible to prevent scumming caused by direct distribution of the image forming component on the plate surface in the non-image area, and in a system in which the binder polymer and the image forming component react with each other. In areas other than areas where images are formed, they are isolated from each other, which is preferable in terms of storage stability of the plate. The microencapsulation of the image forming component can be carried out by a known technique, for example, an interfacial polymerization method, an in-situ method, or a normal temperature solid material pulverization method in a liquid material capable of reacting with the core material. The core substance may be selected according to the purpose such as a lipophilic substance itself or a substance that reacts with the ink repellent carrier functional group of the binder polymer. Furthermore, a photopolymerization initiator, a sensitizer, and a photothermal conversion agent are added according to the image forming means. These may be outside or inside the microcapsule. Recently, lithographic printing in the near-infrared laser printing mode has attracted attention, but even in that case, when it is used as heat, a known photothermal conversion agent such as cyanine or polymethine is used. Specific examples thereof are described in JP-A-7-001849.
[0019]
The lithographic material for the dry process thus produced is a digital image such as printing with an ultraviolet light mode laser, visible light mode laser, near infrared light mode laser, or thermal mode printing with a thermal head in accordance with the image exposure method. No image forming method by recording or image forming method by analog image recording through image carrier such as positive film, negative film, etc., converting the recording part to oleophilic, forming the image part, and no washing step is required Can produce printing plates. Recently, a direct method of digital image recording without using the film has been attracting attention.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In the text, parts are parts by weight unless otherwise noted.
In addition, the number average molecular weight measurement by GPC method of a primary polymer and a binder polymer was performed as follows. Instrument: TRI-ROTAR VI manufactured by JASCO, column: SB-804HQ x 1, guard column: SB-G x 1, eluent: NaNO 3 50 mM aqueous solution, column temperature: 30 ° C., flow rate: 0.5 ml / min, detection Instrument: RI, calibration curve preparation Standard material: PEG-PEO.
[0021]
[Example 1]
In a separable flask, 216 parts of acrylic acid and 1920 parts of toluene were weighed, and 2.46 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile (hereinafter abbreviated as AIBN) were gradually added dropwise with stirring at room temperature. Then, it heated up at 60 degreeC and stirred for 3 hours. The polymer formed and precipitated was filtered, washed with about 2 liters of toluene, and dried at about 80 ° C. Next, the polymer was transferred to a separable flask containing water and dissolved. Acetonitrile was added dropwise to the solution to separate and wash the polymer. The filtered polymer was dried to a constant weight to obtain 204 parts of a primary polymer (number average molecular weight by GPC method: 6 × 10 4 ).
[0022]
Next, 27.3 parts of a primary polymer was charged into N, N-dimethylformamide (hereinafter abbreviated as DMF) in a separable flask. After dehydrating under reduced pressure and measuring the water content in the solution by the Karl Fischer method to 1800 ppm, 9.3 parts of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate dissolved in dry DMF and 2,6-di-t- 0.1 part of butyl-p-cresol (BHT) was added from the dropping funnel over 30 minutes while stirring the inside of the flask. After completion of the addition, when the temperature was gradually raised and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour, characteristic absorption of the isocyanato group could not be detected by infrared spectroscopy. The contents were cooled, the polymer was isolated and dried in acetonitrile, dissolved again in methanol, and isolated and purified with acetonitrile to obtain an addition polymerizable unsaturated group-containing binder polymer (addition polymerizable unsaturated group by NMR method). Group introduction rate: 5.3 mol%). This polymer was dissolved in water, and the carboxylic acid was neutralized with a calculated amount of caustic soda by 80 equivalent% to produce the binder polymer (BP1) of the present invention (number average molecular weight before sodium chloride: 6.5 × 10 4 ). .
[0023]
[Example 2]
In the same manner as in Example 1, a polyacrylic acid primary polymer having a number average molecular weight of 12 × 10 4 was obtained. To 28.5 parts of the primary polymer, 8.1 parts of 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate was added and reacted. The obtained polymer was isolated and the addition polymerizable unsaturated group introduction rate was measured by NMR method and found to be 11 mol%. This polymer was dissolved in water, partially neutralized with caustic soda, and sodium chlorided to 70 equivalent% of the carboxylic acid to produce the binder polymer (BP2) of the present invention (number average molecular weight before sodium chloride: 14 × 10 4 ).
[0024]
[Example 3]
A separable flask was charged with 300 parts of acetone, 21 parts of sulfoethyl methacrylate and 15.8 parts of acrylic acid, and heated to 45 ° C. and stirred in a nitrogen stream, and 0.52 parts of AIBN dissolved in acetone was added. The solution was added dropwise over about 30 minutes. After stirring for 6 hours, the produced polymer was filtered and washed with acetone several times, and it was confirmed that there was almost no residual radical polymerization initiator or monomer. This polymer was vacuum-dried to obtain a primary polymer (number average molecular weight by GPC method: 16.4 × 10 4. The monomer composition ratio in the polymer determined from elemental analysis was roughly charged to 33/67 in the above order. Molar ratio was met.)
Next, 10.8 parts of the primary polymer was weighed into a separable flask in which 133 parts of toluene and 0.012 parts of BHT had already been charged, and the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. with stirring in a dry air stream. Thereto, 1.6 parts of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and 0.03 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were gradually added dropwise. When the mixture was stirred for about 9 hours, the reaction proceeded until the characteristic absorption of the isocyanato group in the infrared spectroscopy was almost negligible. The dispersed polymer was filtered, washed several times with acetone, and vacuum-dried (addition rate of addition polymerizable unsaturated group measured by NMR method was 5.6 mol%). The obtained polymer was dissolved in water, and 60 equivalent% of carboxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups were partially neutralized with caustic potash to produce the binder polymer (BP3) of the present invention (number average molecular weight before potassium chloride: 17. 3 × 10 4 ).
[0025]
[Comparative Example 1]
A binder polymer (BP4) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sodium carboxylation of the carboxyl group in the binder polymer was not performed.
[0026]
[Comparative Example 2]
A mixed solution of 52.2 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 35.5 parts of acrylamide, 3.6 parts of acrylic acid, 0.9 part of dodecyl mercaptan, and 100 parts of water / isopropyl alcohol (1/1 weight ratio) was added to the reactor. At 70 ° C. 1 part of AIBN was added thereto and reacted for 5 hours. Subsequently, 7.2 parts of glycidyl methacrylate, 0.5 part of t-butylhydroquinone and 1 part of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride were added and reacted at 130 ° C. for 6 hours. Next, acetone was added to precipitate and wash the polymer to produce a binder polymer (BP5) (number average molecular weight: 1.5 × 10 4 , introduction rate of methacryl group measured by NMR was 4 mol%).
[0027]
Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 3-4
10 parts of binder polymer produced in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 on a support obtained by applying an anchor agent having the following composition to an aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.2 mm that has been electrolytically polished after degreasing and drying and curing; Radical polymerization initiator; (2-acryloyloxyethyl) (4-benzoylbenzyl) dimethyl ammonium bromide 0.2 parts, water 80 parts by applying a dope solution with a bar coater, dried, and then exposed to ultraviolet light in a nitrogen atmosphere ( An exposure amount: 7 J / cm 2 ), a plate having only a non-image area was prepared (thickness of coating layer: 3 μm).
Anchor agent composition: polyallylamine (Nittobo PAA-10C, 10 wt% aqueous solution) 10 parts, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (n = 9) 0.8 part, acetone 8 parts.
[0028]
These plates were sequentially mounted on an offset printing machine and printed using newspaper off-wheel ink (manufactured by Nihon Shimbun Ink) as ink and Don Etch (manufactured by Nihon Shimbun Ink) as dampening water. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the paper reflection density was measured with a reflection densitometer DM400 manufactured by Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd., and the thickness was measured with a thickness measuring device Digimatic Indicator manufactured by Mitutoyo. In the non-image plate comprising the binder polymer of the present invention, ink stains were not detected by naked eye judgment, and the plate thickness after printing was hardly detected after washing and drying the plate after 30,000 copies were printed. On the other hand, in the plates of Comparative Examples 3 and 4, ink stains were observed from the middle.
[0029]
[Example 7]
On the support used in Example 4, a photosensitive solution having the following composition was coated with a blade coater, dried at 40 ° C., and photocured with an ultraviolet lamp to prepare an offset original plate. Next, the original plate was mounted on a plate making apparatus equipped with a laser diode having an emission center at 830 nm, and a test chart was printed. Thereafter, without any development and washing-out operation, it was mounted on the offset printing machine described in Example 4 and printed in the same manner as in Example 4. When printing was performed up to about 30,000 copies, ink stains in the non-image area were not observed, and good printed matter was obtained.
Photosensitive composition: 5 parts of binder polymer of Example 1 and 100 parts of 3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate and photothermal conversion dye kaysorb CY-10 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) 2 parts of capsules prepared by pulverization with alumina balls in partially saponified PVA, water and ethanol after dissolving and mixing in a solvent at a ratio of 2 parts and 0.5 parts of PEG (Mn = 1000) -0.1 part of radical polymerization initiator used in Example 4-11 parts of water-5 parts of ethanol
[Table 1]
Figure 0003841476
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
The binder polymer of the present invention is excellent in ink repellency and exhibits non-image performance comparable to an anodized aluminum support usually used as a non-image part in planographic printing. In particular, it exhibits good ink repellency for low viscosity inks such as newspaper offset inks. In addition, since it contains an acid amide group in the polymer, it exhibits excellent wear resistance. Moreover, quantitative introduction of an addition polymerizable unsaturated group is easy and it is excellent in practicality. By using the binder polymer of the present invention, it is possible to produce a direct lithographic material that requires no washing and no development process, minimizes variations in the image forming process, and facilitates management of printed image quality. In addition, it contributes greatly to the environmental improvement brought about by the plate making industry without generating industrial waste such as waste liquid.

Claims (4)

アクリル酸、メタクリル酸の少なくとも何れか一種であるカルボキシル基含有するモノマー;および・またはスルフォエチルアクリレート、スルフォエチルメタクリレートの少なくとも何れか一種のスルフォン酸基を含有するモノマー;からなる重合体中のカルボキシル基若しくはスルフォン酸基と、2−イソシアナトエチルアクリレート、2−イソシアナトエチルメタクリレートの少なくとも一種である付加重合性不飽和基含有イソシアナト化合物との反応により付加重合性不飽和基が導入され、残りのカルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基の一部がアルカリ金属塩若しくはアルカリ土類金属塩化された、数平均分子量が1.5×10 3 〜30×10 4 である架橋性を有する平版製造用バインダーポリマー。A monomer containing a carboxyl group which is at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid ; and / or a monomer containing a sulfonic acid group of at least one of sulfoethyl acrylate and sulfoethyl methacrylate ; An addition polymerizable unsaturated group is introduced by reaction of a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group with an addition polymerizable unsaturated group-containing isocyanato compound which is at least one of 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, and the rest A number average molecular weight of 1.5 × 10 3 , in which a part of the carboxyl group and sulfonic acid group is alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal chloride ~ 30 × 10 4 A binder polymer for producing a lithographic plate having crosslinkability. 付加重合性不飽和基の導入率が重合体鎖構成モノマー100モルに対し、3〜30モル%である請求項1記載の平版製造用バインダーポリマー。The binder polymer for lithographic production according to claim 1, wherein the introduction ratio of the addition polymerizable unsaturated group is 3 to 30 mol% with respect to 100 mol of the polymer chain constituent monomer. カルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基のアルカリ金属塩若しくはアルカリ土類金属塩化率が付加重合性不飽和基導入前の重合体中のカルボキシル基および/またはスルフォン酸基全当量100に対し30当量以上97当量以下である請求項1記載の平版製造用バインダーポリマー。The alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal chloride ratio of the carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group is 30 equivalents or more and 97 equivalents or less with respect to 100 carboxyl groups and / or sulfonic acid groups in the polymer before introduction of the addition polymerizable unsaturated group. The binder polymer for producing a lithographic plate according to claim 1. 請求項1記載の平版製造用バインダーポリマーを用いたドライプロセス用平版材。A lithographic material for a dry process using the binder polymer for lithographic production according to claim 1.
JP12590196A 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Ink-repellent lithographic binder polymer Expired - Fee Related JP3841476B2 (en)

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JP12590196A JP3841476B2 (en) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Ink-repellent lithographic binder polymer

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JP12590196A JP3841476B2 (en) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Ink-repellent lithographic binder polymer

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JPH09311443A JPH09311443A (en) 1997-12-02
JP3841476B2 true JP3841476B2 (en) 2006-11-01

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