JP3835114B2 - Battery control circuit and battery pack - Google Patents

Battery control circuit and battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3835114B2
JP3835114B2 JP2000127050A JP2000127050A JP3835114B2 JP 3835114 B2 JP3835114 B2 JP 3835114B2 JP 2000127050 A JP2000127050 A JP 2000127050A JP 2000127050 A JP2000127050 A JP 2000127050A JP 3835114 B2 JP3835114 B2 JP 3835114B2
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Prior art keywords
power supply
control circuit
supply unit
current
photocoupler
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JP2001314044A (en
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正樹 長岡
彰彦 工藤
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Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は組電池制御用回路及びバッテリパックに係り、特に、第１電源部とこの第１電源部より高い電圧の第２電源部との２系統の電源で作動し、組電池を構成する各単電池の単電池電圧を検出して各単電池の容量を均一に調整する組電池制御用回路であって、フォトカプラを用いて外部に信号伝送を行う組電池制御回路及び該組電池制御回路を備えたバッテリパックに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、単電池としてのリチウムイオン２次電池（以下、セルという。）が直列に複数個接続された組電池を制御する組電池制御用回路は、各セルのセル電圧を検出する電圧検出部、各セルの容量がほぼ一定となるように制御するバイパス制御部、種々の演算処理を実行するマイコン及び組電池の外部との通信を行うための通信部等によって構成されている。
【０００３】
図３にこのような組電池制御用回路の一例を示す。電圧検出部１はセルＢ１〜Ｂ８の各セル電圧をセルＢ８の−端子をグランド（ＧＮＤ）として変換するもので、具体的には差動増幅器が用いられる。この電圧検出部１の出力は、セルＢ１〜Ｂ８の各セルの電圧値と予め設定された電圧値とを比較してセルＢ１〜Ｂ８の過充電・過放電（過電圧）を検出する電圧比較部２の入力となる。セルＢ１〜Ｂ８が過電圧の場合には、フォトカプラ３を通じて外部へ過電圧信号を出力する。また、マイコン４は内蔵されたＡＤコンバータを介して各セルＢ１〜Ｂ８のセル電圧を取り込み（検出し）、各セルＢ１〜Ｂ８のセル電圧がほぼ均一となるように抵抗を通じて放電させる。この機能を行うのがバイパス制御部５である。さらにマイコン４は、例えば自動車の制御部等の外部とフォトカプラ６、７を通じて通信を行う。
【０００４】
図３に示した組電池制御用回路では、電源として、マイコン４、フォトカプラ３、６、７等を作動させる第１電源部１１とこの第１電源部１１よりも少し電圧が高い第２電源部１２とが必要となる。この組電池制御用回路で第２電源部１２の電圧が第１電源部１１の電圧より高いのは、各セルＢ１〜Ｂ８のセル電圧の検出に差動増幅器が用いられているためである。
【０００５】
また、外部との通信信号生成にフォトカプラを使用する組電池制御用回路では、確実な信号伝送が行われるようにフォトカプラに所定の通電電流を流している。特に、スパークノイズが発生する自動車用システムでは、信号伝送の確実性を担保するために、フォトカプラにある程度の電流を通電する必要がある。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した組電池制御用回路では過電圧信号を出力するためのフォトカプラ３と通信データを出力するためのフォトカプラ７の通電電流が１１ｍＡと全体の消費電流の２１％を占めており、フォトカプラの消費電流が大きいことが組電池制御用回路全体の消費電流を大きくする要因となっていた。
【０００７】
ここで、図４を参照して組電池制御用回路に流れる電流について検討すると、組電池制御用回路の消費電流Ｉは、第１電源部１１の負荷となる第１電源部系負荷１４に流れる第１電源部供給電流Ｉ１と第２電源部１２の負荷となる第２電源部系負荷１５に流れる第２電源部供給電流Ｉ２との和で表される。つまり、下記式（１）に示すように、消費電流Ｉは、第１電源系負荷電流Ｉ３、第２電源系負荷電流Ｉ４及びフォトカプラ１３に通電されるフォトカプラ通電電流Ｉ５の和で表される。
【０００８】
【数１】

Figure 0003835114
【０００９】
一方、組電池制御用回路の消費電流を低減させるには、マイコン４や電圧検出部１の演算増幅器等の半導体素子を低消費電力素子に変更する方法もあるが、組電池制御用回路のコストが高くなる、という問題がある。
【００１０】
本発明は上記事案に鑑み、低コストで消費電流の小さい組電池制御用回路及び該組電池制御用回路を備えたバッテリパックを提供することを課題とする。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために本発明は、第１電源部とこの第１電源部より高い電圧の第２電源部との２系統の電源で作動し、組電池を構成する各単電池の単電池電圧を検出して前記各単電池の容量を均一に調整する組電池制御用回路であって、フォトカプラを用いて外部に信号伝送を行う組電池制御用回路において、前記フォトカプラは前記第１電源部及び第２電源部に接続され、該フォトカプラの通電電流は前記第２電源部から供給され前記第１電源部の供給電流の一部となることを特徴とする。
【００１２】
図１に示すように、本発明では、フォトカプラ１３を第１電源部１１とこの第１電源部１１より高い電圧の第２電源部１２とに接続し、第２電源部１２から供給される電流でフォトカプラ１３を作動させる。第２電源部１２が組電池制御用回路に供給する電流は、第２電源部系負荷１５を流れる第２電源部系負荷電流Ｉ４と、フォトカプラ１３に通電されるフォトカプラ通電電流Ｉ５である。第１電源部１１が組電池制御用回路に供給する電流は、第１電源部系負荷１４を流れる第１電源部系負荷電流Ｉ３であるが、フォトカプラ通電電流Ｉ５が第１電源部系負荷電流Ｉ３の一部となるので、換言すれば、フォトカプラ通電電流Ｉ５が第１電源部１１の供給電流の一部となるので、実際には第１電源部系負荷電流Ｉ３からフォトカプラ通電電流Ｉ５を引いた値となる。その結果、次式（２）に示すように、組電池制御用回路の消費電流Ｉは、第２電源部１２と第１電源部１１の供給電流の和、つまり第１電源部系負荷電流Ｉ３と第２電源部系負荷電流Ｉ４との和となる。
【００１３】
【数２】
Figure 0003835114
【００１４】
本発明によれば、式（２）に示すように、組電池制御用回路の消費電流Ｉは第１電源部系負荷電流Ｉ３と第２電源部系負荷電流Ｉ４の和となり、低消費電力素子を使用しなくても消費電流Ｉが従来の組電池制御用回路の消費電流より低減されるので、低コストかつ消費電流の小さい組電池制御用回路とすることができる。
【００１５】
この場合において、フォトカプラ１３による電圧降下が第２電源部１２の電圧と第１電源部１１の電圧との電圧差となるようにすれば、第１電源部系負荷１４に第１電源部１１と同電圧を供給することができる。また、バッテリパックを、リチウムイオン２次電池を複数個直列に接続した組電池と前記組電池用制御回路とを備えて構成すれば、低コストかつ省エネルギータイプのバッテリパックとすることができる。
【００１６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明が適用されるバッテリパックの実施の形態について説明する。なお、本実施形態は、図３に示した従来例の組電池制御回路において、通信出力部９に接続されるフォトカプラ７に本発明を適用したものである。
【００１７】
図２に示すように、本実施形態のバッテリパックは、フォトカプラ７の発光素子（発光ダイオード）アノード側に抵抗Ｒ２を介して、第１電源部系負荷１４に５Ｖの電圧を供給する第１電源部１１と、第２電源部系負荷１５に１２Ｖの電圧を供給する第２電源部１２と、が接続されている。フォトカプラ７の発光素子カソード側にはトランジスタＴｒのコレクタが接続されている。トランジスタＴｒのベースは抵抗Ｒ１を介してマイコン４に接続されており、エミッタはコンデンサＣを介して第１電源部系負荷１４に接続されている。なお、図２において図示を省略した第１電源部系負荷１４及び第２電源部系負荷１５の他端は共通のグランド（ＧＮＤ）に接続されている。
【００１８】
本実施形態では、マイコン４からハイレベル信号が出力されると、トランジスタＴｒのベース・エミッタ間に微弱電流が流れ、コレクタ・エミッタ間にフォトカプラ７を作動させる作動電流（１１ｍＡ）が第２電源部１２から通電される。一方、マイコン４からローレベル信号が出力されるときには、トランジスタＴｒのコレクタ・エミッタ間にはフォトカプラ７を作動させる（発光素子を発光させる）作動電流が通電されない。このため、フォトカプラ７では、マイコン４のハイレベル信号、ローレベル信号の出力に応じて発光素子側が発光・消灯し、受光素子側で信号が生成され、信号出力部９から組電池制御用回路の外部となる自動車の制御部に通信信号が出力される。
【００１９】
フォトカプラ７通電時のフォトカプラ７、抵抗Ｒ２及びトランジスタＴｒによる電圧降下は第２電源部１２と第１電源部１１との電圧差に相当する７Ｖであり、グランドを基準として第１電源部１１の電圧と同電圧の５Ｖまで落とされる。フォトカプラ７の通電電流（１１ｍＡ）は、トランジスタＴｒのエミッタから第１電源部系負荷１４に供給される。従って、フォトカプラ７の通電電流は第２電源部１２から供給され第１電源部１１の供給電流の一部となるように供給される。
【００２０】
この結果、従来の組電池制御用回路では全体の消費電流が５２ｍＡであったのに対して、フォトカプラ７を１２Ｖの第２電源部１２で作動させた本実施形態の組電池制御用回路の全体の消費電流は４１ｍＡとなり、従来の組電池制御用回路の消費電流を２１％低減することができた。このように、本実施形態のバッテリパックは低消費電力素子を使用しなくても消費電流を低減することができる。
【００２１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、組電池制御用回路の消費電流は第１電源部系負荷電流と第２電源部系負荷電流の和となり、低消費電力素子を使用しなくても消費電流が従来の組電池制御用回路の消費電流より低減されるので、低コストかつ消費電流の小さい組電池制御用回路とすることができる、という効果を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の組電池制御用回路の消費電流を示す説明図である。
【図２】本発明を適用した実施形態のバッテリパックの部分ブロック回路図である。
【図３】従来の組電池制御用回路のブロック回路図である。
【図４】従来の組電池制御用回路の消費電流を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 電圧検出部
２ 電圧比較部
３、６、７、１３ フォトカプラ
４ マイコン
５ バイパス制御部
８ 通信入力部
９ 通信出力部
１１ 第１電源部
１２ 第２電源部
１４ 第１電源部系負荷
１５ 第２電源部系負荷
Ｒ１、Ｒ２ 抵抗
Ｔｒ トランジスタ
Ｃ コンデンサ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an assembled battery control circuit and a battery pack, and in particular, operates with two power sources of a first power supply unit and a second power supply unit having a voltage higher than that of the first power supply unit, and constitutes an assembled battery. A battery pack control circuit that detects a battery voltage of a battery cell and uniformly adjusts the capacity of each battery cell, the battery pack control circuit performing signal transmission to the outside using a photocoupler, and the battery pack control circuit The battery pack provided with.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, an assembled battery control circuit that controls an assembled battery in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries (hereinafter referred to as cells) as single cells are connected in series includes a voltage detector that detects a cell voltage of each cell, A bypass control unit that controls the capacity of each cell to be substantially constant, a microcomputer that executes various arithmetic processes, a communication unit that communicates with the outside of the assembled battery, and the like.
[0003]
FIG. 3 shows an example of such an assembled battery control circuit. The voltage detector 1 converts each cell voltage of the cells B1 to B8 using the negative terminal of the cell B8 as a ground (GND), and specifically, a differential amplifier is used. The output of the voltage detection unit 1 is a voltage comparison unit that detects the overcharge / overdischarge (overvoltage) of the cells B1 to B8 by comparing the voltage value of each cell of the cells B1 to B8 with a preset voltage value. 2 input. When the cells B1 to B8 are overvoltage, an overvoltage signal is output to the outside through the photocoupler 3. Further, the microcomputer 4 takes in (detects) the cell voltages of the cells B1 to B8 via the built-in AD converter, and discharges them through the resistors so that the cell voltages of the cells B1 to B8 are substantially uniform. The bypass control unit 5 performs this function. Further, the microcomputer 4 communicates with the outside such as a control unit of an automobile through the photocouplers 6 and 7, for example.
[0004]
In the battery pack control circuit shown in FIG. 3, as the power source, the first power source unit 11 that operates the microcomputer 4, the photocouplers 3, 6, and 7, and the second power source that has a slightly higher voltage than the first power source unit 11. Part 12 is required. The voltage of the second power supply unit 12 is higher than the voltage of the first power supply unit 11 in this assembled battery control circuit because a differential amplifier is used to detect the cell voltages of the cells B1 to B8.
[0005]
Further, in an assembled battery control circuit that uses a photocoupler to generate a communication signal with the outside, a predetermined energization current is passed through the photocoupler so that reliable signal transmission is performed. In particular, in an automotive system in which spark noise occurs, it is necessary to apply a certain amount of current to the photocoupler in order to ensure signal transmission reliability.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the battery pack control circuit described above, the energizing current of the photocoupler 3 for outputting the overvoltage signal and the photocoupler 7 for outputting the communication data is 11 mA, accounting for 21% of the total consumption current. The large current consumption of the coupler is a factor that increases the current consumption of the entire battery pack control circuit.
[0007]
Here, when the current flowing through the battery pack control circuit is examined with reference to FIG. 4, the consumption current I of the battery pack control circuit flows through the first power supply unit load 14 serving as the load of the first power supply unit 11. This is expressed as the sum of the first power supply section supply current I1 and the second power supply section supply current I2 flowing through the second power supply section load 15 serving as the load of the second power supply section 12. That is, as shown in the following formula (1), the consumption current I is expressed as the sum of the first power supply system load current I3, the second power supply system load current I4, and the photocoupler conduction current I5 that is passed through the photocoupler 13. The
[0008]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003835114
[0009]
On the other hand, in order to reduce the current consumption of the battery pack control circuit, there is a method of changing a semiconductor element such as the microcomputer 4 or the operational amplifier of the voltage detection unit 1 to a low power consumption element. There is a problem that becomes high.
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack control circuit with low cost and low current consumption and a battery pack including the battery pack control circuit.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention operates with two power sources, a first power source unit and a second power source unit having a higher voltage than the first power source unit, and each unit cell constituting the assembled battery. An assembled battery control circuit that detects a voltage and uniformly adjusts the capacity of each unit cell, wherein the photocoupler is configured to perform signal transmission to the outside using a photocoupler. The energizing current of the photocoupler is connected to the power supply unit and the second power supply unit, and is supplied from the second power supply unit and becomes a part of the supply current of the first power supply unit.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, in the present invention, a photocoupler 13 is connected to a first power supply unit 11 and a second power supply unit 12 having a higher voltage than the first power supply unit 11 and supplied from the second power supply unit 12. The photocoupler 13 is activated by the current. The currents that the second power supply unit 12 supplies to the assembled battery control circuit are the second power supply system load current I4 that flows through the second power supply system load 15 and the photocoupler energization current I5 that is supplied to the photocoupler 13. . The current supplied from the first power supply unit 11 to the assembled battery control circuit is the first power supply system load current I3 flowing through the first power supply system load 14, but the photocoupler conduction current I5 is the first power supply system load. Since it becomes a part of the current I3, in other words, the photocoupler energization current I5 becomes a part of the supply current of the first power supply unit 11, and actually the photocoupler energization current from the first power supply system load current I3. The value obtained by subtracting I5. As a result, as shown in the following equation (2), the consumption current I of the assembled battery control circuit is the sum of the supply currents of the second power supply unit 12 and the first power supply unit 11, that is, the first power supply system load current I3. And the second power supply system load current I4.
[0013]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003835114
[0014]
According to the present invention, as shown in Expression (2), the consumption current I of the battery pack control circuit is the sum of the first power supply system load current I3 and the second power supply system load current I4. Since the current consumption I is reduced from the current consumption of the conventional battery pack control circuit without using the battery, the battery pack control circuit can be manufactured at low cost and with low current consumption.
[0015]
In this case, if the voltage drop due to the photocoupler 13 is a voltage difference between the voltage of the second power supply unit 12 and the voltage of the first power supply unit 11, the first power supply unit 11 is connected to the first power supply unit system load 14. The same voltage can be supplied. Further, if the battery pack includes an assembled battery in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in series and the assembled battery control circuit, a low-cost and energy-saving battery pack can be obtained.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of a battery pack to which the present invention is applied will be described. In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to the photocoupler 7 connected to the communication output unit 9 in the battery pack control circuit of the conventional example shown in FIG.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 2, the battery pack of the present embodiment is configured to supply a voltage of 5 V to the first power supply system load 14 via the resistor R <b> 2 to the light emitting element (light emitting diode) anode side of the photocoupler 7. The power supply unit 11 and the second power supply unit 12 that supplies a voltage of 12 V to the second power supply unit system load 15 are connected. The collector of the transistor Tr is connected to the light emitting element cathode side of the photocoupler 7. The base of the transistor Tr is connected to the microcomputer 4 via the resistor R1, and the emitter is connected to the first power supply system load 14 via the capacitor C. Note that the other ends of the first power supply system load 14 and the second power supply system load 15 (not shown in FIG. 2) are connected to a common ground (GND).
[0018]
In the present embodiment, when a high level signal is output from the microcomputer 4, a weak current flows between the base and emitter of the transistor Tr, and the operating current (11 mA) for operating the photocoupler 7 between the collector and emitter is the second power source. Power is supplied from the unit 12. On the other hand, when a low level signal is output from the microcomputer 4, an operating current that operates the photocoupler 7 (lights the light emitting element) is not applied between the collector and emitter of the transistor Tr. For this reason, in the photocoupler 7, the light emitting element side emits and extinguishes in response to the output of the high level signal and low level signal of the microcomputer 4, and a signal is generated on the light receiving element side. A communication signal is output to the control unit of the automobile which is external to the vehicle.
[0019]
When the photocoupler 7 is energized, the voltage drop due to the photocoupler 7, the resistor R2, and the transistor Tr is 7V corresponding to the voltage difference between the second power supply unit 12 and the first power supply unit 11, and the first power supply unit 11 is based on the ground. The voltage is dropped to 5 V, which is the same voltage. The energizing current (11 mA) of the photocoupler 7 is supplied from the emitter of the transistor Tr to the first power supply system load 14. Accordingly, the energization current of the photocoupler 7 is supplied from the second power supply unit 12 and is supplied so as to be a part of the supply current of the first power supply unit 11.
[0020]
As a result, the total current consumption of the conventional battery pack control circuit was 52 mA, whereas the battery pack control circuit of the present embodiment in which the photocoupler 7 was operated by the 12 V second power supply unit 12 was used. The overall current consumption was 41 mA, and the current consumption of the conventional battery pack control circuit could be reduced by 21%. Thus, the battery pack of this embodiment can reduce current consumption without using a low power consumption element.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the consumption current of the battery pack control circuit is the sum of the first power supply system load current and the second power supply system load current, and even without using a low power consumption element. Since the consumption current is reduced from the consumption current of the conventional assembled battery control circuit, it is possible to obtain an effect that the assembled battery control circuit can be manufactured at low cost and with low consumption current.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing current consumption of an assembled battery control circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial block circuit diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 3 is a block circuit diagram of a conventional assembled battery control circuit.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing current consumption of a conventional assembled battery control circuit.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Voltage detection part 2 Voltage comparison part 3, 6, 7, 13 Photocoupler 4 Microcomputer 5 Bypass control part 8 Communication input part 9 Communication output part 11 1st power supply part 12 2nd power supply part 14 1st power supply part system load 15 1st 2 Power supply system load R1, R2 Resistance Tr Transistor C Capacitor

Claims (3)

第１電源部とこの第１電源部より高い電圧の第２電源部との２系統の電源で作動し、組電池を構成する各単電池の単電池電圧を検出して前記各単電池の容量を均一に調整する組電池制御用回路であって、フォトカプラを用いて外部に信号伝送を行う組電池制御用回路において、前記フォトカプラは前記第１電源部及び第２電源部に接続され、該フォトカプラの通電電流は前記第２電源部から供給され前記第１電源部の供給電流の一部となることを特徴とする組電池制御用回路。It operates with two power sources, a first power supply unit and a second power supply unit having a higher voltage than the first power supply unit, and detects the unit cell voltage of each unit cell constituting the assembled battery to detect the capacity of each unit cell. A battery pack control circuit for uniformly adjusting the battery pack, wherein the photocoupler is connected to the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit. An assembled battery control circuit, wherein an energization current of the photocoupler is supplied from the second power supply unit and becomes a part of a supply current of the first power supply unit. 前記フォトカプラ作動時の該フォトカプラによる電圧降下が前記第２電源部の電圧と前記第１電源部の電圧との電圧差となることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の組電池制御用回路。2. The assembled battery control circuit according to claim 1, wherein a voltage drop caused by the photocoupler when the photocoupler is operated is a voltage difference between the voltage of the second power supply unit and the voltage of the first power supply unit. . リチウムイオン２次電池を複数個直列に接続した組電池と請求項１又は請求項２に記載の組電池制御用回路とを備えたことを特徴とするバッテリパック。A battery pack comprising: an assembled battery in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in series; and the assembled battery control circuit according to claim 1.
JP2000127050A 2000-04-27 2000-04-27 Battery control circuit and battery pack Expired - Fee Related JP3835114B2 (en)

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GB2433359B (en) * 2005-12-16 2008-03-26 Amita Technologies Inc Ltd Protecting method for lithium battery and device thereof
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