JP3827115B2 - Seismic isolation structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a seismic isolation structure having a seismic isolation function capable of responding to earthquakes and the like, and more particularly to a seismic isolation structure applicable to a detached light house.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Most conventional seismic isolation structures have been applied to high-rise or middle-rise structures, especially large-scale reinforced concrete structures and steel structures, most of which are heavy.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional seismic isolation structure described above, the upper structure is a high-rise or middle-rise structure, and the upper structure itself is robust. Therefore, the upper structure and the lower structure such as the foundation are directly exempted. Coupled through a seismic device. As described above, the upper structure is a high-rise structure and a middle-rise structure, and the weight is large, and the seismic isolation device becomes a large-sized laminated rubber bearing system, which causes a cost increase. In addition, when these devices are used in lightweight buildings, it is pointed out that the extension of the vibration period is small and the seismic isolation effect is small. On the other hand, in order to extend the period, a slender (elongated) laminated rubber bearing with a small bearing area is used, but in this case, the device may buckle due to a large deformation, and the building may be severely damaged. There are concerns.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. For example, a general detached house such as a wooden two-story house, that is, a structure having a small and light upper structure is safer and has higher performance. The objective is to provide a low-cost seismic isolation structure that exhibits a seismic isolation effect.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a seismic isolation structure according to the present invention includes a lower structure installed on the ground, a plane frame positioned above the lower structure, the lower structure and the plane frame. in seismic isolation structure comprising a composed isolator from the intersection linear motion mechanism for supporting the intervening been vertical load, and an upper layer disposed on a top of the planar frame between a lower structure A restoring / damping device that does not need to support a vertical load is provided between the flat frame and the restoring / damping device is a laminated rubber device, and a predetermined distance between the lower structure and the receiving member of the planar frame. And a backup device arranged opposite to each other.
[0006]
The lower structure is composed of a reinforced concrete structure, and has independent footings that are abandoned on the split stone and laid with concrete and joined by underground beams. These independent footings are corner rail receiving footings at each corner of the lower structure. A part, a rail receiving footing part, a low footing part, and a high footing part.
[0007]
Furthermore, the backup device may be a fender.
[0008]
A locking device is provided between the lower structure and the flat frame.
[0010]
According to the seismic isolation structure configured as described above, a structure having a simple structure and having a small and lightweight upper structure can be provided with a seismic isolation function at a low cost. It is possible to prevent damage caused by the fall of the stored items.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3, a base-isolated house 10 that is a base-isolated structure includes a lower structure 12 such as a foundation installed on the ground, a planar frame 14 and an upper structure 16 that are positioned above the lower structure 12, and a lower structure. 12 and a seismic isolation device 18 interposed between the flat frame 14. The lower structure 12 has a reinforced concrete structure, and has a rigid structure in which the discarded concrete 12b is laid on the split stone 12a and the independent footing 13 is joined by the underground beam 12c. The independent footing 13 includes four corner rail receiving footing portions 13a, six rail receiving footing portions 13b, two low footing portions 13c, and a high footing portion 13d located at each corner portion. The corner rail receiving footing portion 13a and the rail receiving footing portion 13b support one of guide rails of a seismic isolation device described later, and the low footing portion 13c supports a restoring / damping device described later. The footing unit 13d supports a backup device and a lock device which will be described later.
[0012]
Although the basic structure having an independent footing has been described as the lower structure, a flat slab type basic structure 15 as shown in FIG. 4 may be used as the lower structure. Fig.4 (a) is a top view which shows the concept of the basic structure of a flat slab form, (b) is the sectional view on the aa line of (a). This flat slab-type foundation structure 15 has about 6.5% dense reinforcement in the columnar belt portion 15c when reinforcing bars 15b are arranged in the solid foundation 15a portion, and the intercolumnar zone between the columnar belts. The remaining 15% of the rough placement is performed on the portion 15d. The total amount of reinforcing bars used is the amount necessary to resist bending stress associated with deformation of the seismic isolation device, which will be described later, of which about 6.5% is for the column row belt and about 3.5% is for the inter-column belt. Is arranged. And the receiving part 15e of a some seismic isolation apparatus is arrange | positioned corresponding to the columnar belt part 15c. According to the flat slab-type foundation structure 15, level unevenness and construction complexity can be reduced as compared with the foundation structure having the independent footing described above.
[0013]
The plane frame 14 is a framed structure made of steel, wooden or reinforced concrete. In this embodiment, the frame 14 is framed by a wooden outer peripheral main member 14a and an inner main member 14b, and an auxiliary member 14c (see FIG. 2) and a receiver. A member 14d connects the two main members 14a and 14b. And each corner part is connected with four burning members 14e in a direction of 45 degrees with respect to the outer peripheral main members 14a, 14a. The planar frame 14 has a planar rigidity that supports the weight of the upper structure 16.
[0014]
In this embodiment, the upper structure 16 is a two-story wooden relatively light building structure constructed by a frame construction method, but is not limited to this, and a construction method using a frame wall construction method or laminated wood It may be a building structure using steel, a building structure using a steel frame construction method using a lightweight or heavy steel frame, a building structure made of reinforced concrete, or the like. The plane frame 14 and the upper structure 16 are firmly coupled by a coupling bolt (not shown) or the like. In the present embodiment, the upper structure 16 includes a column 16a, an inter-column 16b, a floor 16c, and the like.
[0015]
A seismic isolation device 18 is interposed between the lower structure 12 and the planar frame 14 located above the lower structure 12. The seismic isolation device 18 is also called a vertical support device, and supports the vertical load of the plane frame 14 and the upper structure 16. As shown in FIG. 5, the seismic isolation device 18 is composed of a cross linear motion mechanism, and has a first moving block 20b supported on the first guide rail 20a so as to be relatively movable. The linear motion mechanism 20 and a second linear motion mechanism 22 that is upside down and having the same configuration as the first linear motion mechanism, and below the second guide rail 22 a of the second linear motion mechanism 22. The second moving block 22b and the first moving block 20b supported so as to be capable of relative movement are coupled via a cushioning material 24. In the present embodiment, a total of 10 seismic isolation devices 18 are installed corresponding to the corner rail receiving footing 13a and the rail receiving footing 13b (only three are shown in FIG. 3), and are installed in each corner rail receiving footing 13a. The seismic isolation device 18 has an upper guide rail fixed in correspondence with the firing member 14e, and is installed with an inclination of 45 degrees with respect to the outer peripheral main member 14a. Since the seismic isolation device 18 is fixed to a fire striking member or the like and is located inside the outer periphery of the foundation, it is easy to perform water curing.
[0016]
With reference to FIG. 6, another embodiment of the seismic isolation device will be described. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the cross linear motion mechanism. In FIG. 6A, one of the linear motion mechanisms 26 constituting the cross linear motion mechanism is composed of a guide rail 26a and a moving block 26b. A spherical bearing 30 is used, and the guide rail 26a has a linearly moving sliding portion whose upper surface is flat. In (b), one linear motion mechanism 27 constituting the cross linear motion mechanism is composed of a guide rail 27a and a moving block 27b, and uses a spherical bearing 30, and the guide rail 27a is a linear motion whose upper surface is arcuate. It has a moving sliding part. In (c), one linear motion mechanism 28 constituting the cross linear motion mechanism is composed of a guide rail 28a and a moving block 28b, uses a spherical bearing 30, and the guide rail 28a is a linear motion whose upper surface is a polygonal shape. It has a moving sliding part. In (d), one linear motion mechanism 29 constituting the cross linear motion mechanism is composed of a guide rail 29a and a moving block 29b, and uses a spherical bearing 30 and a cylindrical bearing 31, and the guide rail 29a. Has a linearly sliding part whose upper surface is flat. Various cross linear motion mechanisms can be used as appropriate depending on the size, scale, etc. of the upper structure that uses this mechanism. In addition to spherical and cylindrical bearings, roller bearings are used. Also good.
[0017]
Between the lower structure 12 and the flat frame 14, a laminated rubber 32 with a lead plug shown in FIG. 7A is interposed as a restoring / damping device. The seismic isolation rubber body 35 is located between the upper flange plate 33 attached to the flat frame 14 and the lower flange plate 34 attached to the lower structure 12 such as the foundation. The seismic isolation rubber body 35 has a cylindrical shape, and a plurality of disc-shaped steel plates 36 and a rubber layer 37 are laminated between upper and lower fixed plates and vulcanized and bonded, and a lead plug 38 is inserted into the center hole. . In the laminated rubber 32 with lead plugs as the restoration / attenuation device, the laminated portion of the steel plate 36 and the rubber layer 37 functions as a restoration device, and the central lead plug 38 functions as an attenuation device. Since the laminated rubber 32 with lead plugs and the high damping system bearing device do not necessarily support the vertical load of the upper structure 16 and the plane frame 14, a thin and flexible deformable one can be used. The vibration period of the structural system can be lengthened, and the resonance between the earthquake and the superstructure system can be suppressed. In addition, although the form of the laminated rubber containing lead plugs was shown as a restoring / damping device, as shown in FIG. 7B, a rubber base 39a that is not laminated is provided between the upper flange plate 33 and the lower flange plate 34. Alternatively, a device using the restoring / damping device 39 or a material using high damping rubber may be used.
[0018]
Next, an embodiment of a backup device and a lock device will be described with reference to FIGS. The backup device 40 receives the high footing portion 13d of the independent footing 13 of the lower structure 12 and the fenders 42 and 42 formed from rubber or the like fixed to both sides of the high footing portion 13d and the flat frame 14. It is composed of members 14d and 14d, and regulates a large horizontal displacement of the plane frame 14 with respect to the lower structure 12 and absorbs energy. The fenders 42 and 42 and the receiving members 14d and 14d face each other with a predetermined interval. As shown in FIG. 3, the backup devices 40 are provided corresponding to the four high footing portions 13d, and two backup devices 40 are installed so as to function in the x and y directions. .
[0019]
The locking devices 44, 44 are cylinder-type hydraulic jacks 46, 46 fixed to both sides of the high footing 13 d of the independent footing 13 of the lower structure 12, and the receiving member 14 d to which the pistons 46 a, 46 a of the hydraulic jack are in contact. 14d, and pressure supply means 48 connected to the hydraulic jacks 46, 46 via a valve 47. The locking devices 44 and 44 prevent the flat frame 14 and the upper structure 16 from moving with respect to the lower structure 12 in a strong wind. As shown in FIG. 3, the lock devices are also provided corresponding to the four high footing portions 13d, and two lock devices are provided so as to function in the x and y directions. In addition, about the structure substantially equivalent to above-described embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0020]
The present embodiment has the above-described configuration, and the operation will be described below. When an earthquake occurs, the lower structure 12 moves together with the ground in conjunction with the vibration. However, since the seismic isolation device 18 is interposed between the lower structure 12 and the plane frame 14 and the upper structure 16, ground vibration is directly transmitted to the plane frame 14 and the upper structure 16. Not. That is, the vibration of the ground is insulated by the seismic isolation device 18 composed of the cross linear motion mechanisms 20 and 22, and the vibration energy is attenuated by the restoring / damping device 32, and the vibration of the plane frame 14 and the upper structure 16 is greatly reduced. Reduced and transmitted. Since the plane frame 14 has a plane rigidity that suppresses bending of the upper structure 16 other than the plane frame, deformation of the upper structure 16 and the like can be suppressed, and efficient seismic isolation can be performed. Since the upper structure 16 is relatively light, the seismic isolation device 18 and the restoration / attenuation device 32 can be small, so that the cost of the seismic isolation structure can be reduced.
[0021]
When the earthquake is huge, the backup device 40 performs its function. The fenders 42 and 42 and the receiving members 14d and 14d of the plane frame 14 are opposed to each other with a predetermined interval, but in the case of a huge earthquake, the two come into contact with each other to regulate displacement, Furthermore, the fenders 42 and 42 are compressed and deformed to absorb seismic energy. In this way, a large displacement in the case of a huge earthquake can be regulated in two directions, the x and y directions, and can be within the movement range of the seismic isolation device 18 constituted by the cross linear motion mechanisms 20 and 22.
[0022]
The seismic isolation structure 10 has the upper structure 16 supported by the seismic isolation device 18 composed of the cross linear motion mechanisms 20, 22, and exceeds the high initial rigidity of the laminated rubber 32 with lead plug as a restoration / damping device. When the wind is strong, the upper structure 16 may move. In that case, when there is a problem in the comfort, the locking devices 44 and 44 are operated. That is, when the pressure supply means 48 is operated and the hydraulic jacks 46 and 46 are operated by opening the valve 47, the pistons 46 a and 46 a press the receiving members 14 d and 14 d of the flat frame 14, and the lower structure 12 is pressed. On the other hand, the plane frame 14 and the upper structure 16 are fixed. In this way, the locking devices 44 and 44 prevent the upper structure 16 from moving in the two directions of the x and y directions in a strong wind, so that it is possible to suppress vibrations that impair habitability such as seasickness. . If an earthquake occurs when the locking devices 44, 44 are operating during strong winds, the pressure supply means 48 is stopped and the locking devices 44, 44 are deactivated so as to respond to the earthquake.
[0023]
Next, another embodiment of the restoration / attenuation device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the restoring / damping device. Between the lower structure 12 and the plane frame 14, horizontal vibration damping means 50 is interposed as a restoring / damping device. The horizontal vibration attenuating means 50 is installed on the lower structure 12 to store the viscous body 51, a shaft tube 53 fixed to the lower surface of the flat frame 14, and a bush bearing in the shaft tube 53. A plurality of bearings 58 provided via a plurality of gap adjusting bolts 57 between a vertical rod 55 supported via a vertical movement 54 and a disk portion 56 below the vertical rod 55 and the storage dish body 52. And a coil spring 59 for vertical tracking provided between the shaft tube 53 and the vertical rod 55, and a dustproof bellows 60 that connects the shaft tube 53 and the storage dish body 52. An air vent hole 61 is provided in the shaft tube 53.
[0024]
According to the horizontal vibration damping means 50 as the restoring / damping device, when an earthquake occurs and a relative displacement occurs between the lower structure 12 and the flat frame 14, the storage plate 52 moves relative to the shaft tube 53. The storage dish 52 moves with respect to the disk portion 56 of the vertical rod 55 via the bearing 58, and the vibration energy is absorbed by the viscous body 51. And since the disk part 56 and the storage tray body 52 are elastically contacting via the bearing 58 and the viscous body 51, the short period vibration is effectively insulated. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the horizontal vibration attenuating means 50 is arranged symmetrically at the two low footings 13c and 13c at the center in the long side direction of the lower structure 12, and balances vibration energy. It can be absorbed effectively.
[0025]
With reference to FIG. 11, another embodiment of the restoration / attenuation device will be described. The restoration / attenuation device 65 is also referred to as a lead trigger device, and is made of steel that is fixed to the lower structure 12 and the flat frame 14 by welding or the like. The mounting shafts 67 and 67 and the lead connecting member 68 that connects the mounting shafts 67 and 67 are configured. In this restoration / attenuation device 65, when a displacement occurs between the upper and lower plane frames 14 and the lower structure 12, the lead connecting member 68 is deformed to absorb the energy of the earthquake, and if the energy is extremely large, the breakage occurs. As a result, energy is absorbed and the history of the occurrence of huge earthquakes can be understood.
[0026]
Here, another embodiment of the backup device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view thereof, and a backup device 70 is interposed between the lower structure 12 and the plane frame 14 to restrict a large displacement of the plane frame 14 in the horizontal direction with respect to the lower structure 12. . The backup device 70 has a cylinder / piston structure. In the cylinder 71, two cylinder chambers 73 and 74 are partitioned by a piston 72, a viscoelastic body 75 is accommodated therein, and communicated via an external communication pipe 76. ing. One cylinder chamber 74 is provided with a buffer chamber 77. A rubber pad 78 is provided at one end of the shaft portion of the piston 72, and coil springs 79 are provided on the outer periphery of the shaft portion. The cylinder 71 of the backup device 70 is fixed to the receiving member 14d of the flat frame 14, and a rubber pad 78 is in contact with the high footing portion 13d of the lower structure 12 at one end of the shaft portion of the piston 72.
[0027]
According to the backup device 70, when an earthquake occurs and displacement occurs between the lower structure 12 and the plane frame 14, the piston 72 moves in the cylinder 71, so that the viscoelastic body 75 moves in the communication pipe 76. The vibration energy is absorbed by the viscous resistance at this time. The backup device 70 performs backup in only one direction. However, by changing the rubber pad 78 to a strong one such as a flange and fixing it to the high footing 13d by screwing or the like, bidirectional backup is possible. You may make it perform.
[0028]
With reference to FIGS. 13 and 14, another embodiment of the locking device will be described. In FIG. 13, the planar frame 14 is positioned above the lower structure 12, and the upper structure 16 is installed above the planar frame 14. Although not shown, a seismic isolation device is interposed between the lower structure 12 and the plane frame 14 as in the above-described embodiment. The lock device 80 has a pair of cylinder devices 81 and 82 attached to the lower surface of the flat frame 14, and piston rods 83 and 84 of these cylinder devices are connected to a linear roller bearing 85 or a footing portion of the lower structure 12. It is in contact via 86. The cylinder chambers of the cylinder device are connected to each other by a pipe 88 to which a switching valve 87 is connected, and hydraulic oil having a preload of 1 to ² kg / cm ² is injected into the cylinder chamber and the pipe 88.
[0029]
In FIG. 14, the locking device 90 is composed of one cylinder device 91, and piston rods 92 and 93 projecting on both sides are connected to the rising portion or footing portion of the lower structure 12 via linear roller bearings 94 and 95. It is in contact. The cylinder chambers of the cylinder device 91 are connected to each other by a pipe 97 connected to a switching valve 96, and hydraulic oil having a preload of 1 to ² kg / cm ² is injected into the cylinder chamber and the pipe 97.
[0030]
In the locking devices 80 and 90 shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the switching valves 87 and 96 are closed to enter the locked state. That is, when the flat frame 14 and the upper structure 16 try to move in a strong wind, the hydraulic oil tries to move in the pipe, but cannot move because the switching valves 87 and 96 are closed, and the state is maintained as it is. Then, the plane frame 14 and the upper structure 16 are locked. Further, when the switching valves 87 and 96 are opened, the hydraulic oil can freely move in the pipe, so that seismic energy is absorbed by the viscous resistance of the hydraulic oil at the time of an earthquake, so that seismic isolation performance can be exhibited.
[0031]
In addition, you may comprise so that a coil spring may be arrange | positioned in a horizontal direction between a lower structure and a plane frame as a decompression | restoration / damping device. Further, the locking device is not limited to the above-described form, and it is needless to say that the locking device can mechanically fix the lower structure and the flat frame by various fixing mechanisms.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a structure such as a relatively light building such as a detached house can be used as a seismic isolation structure. And the damage by the fall of the accommodation in a structure, etc. can be prevented, and anti-earthquake safety can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a state in which a part of an embodiment of a seismic isolation structure according to the present invention is broken.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a relationship between the lower structure and the plane frame.
4A is a plan view showing the concept of another embodiment of the basic structure, and FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along the line aa in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a seismic isolation device.
6 (a), (b), (c), and (d) are principal part front views of another embodiment of the seismic isolation device, respectively.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of the restoration / attenuation device, respectively.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an embodiment of a backup device.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of an essential part of one embodiment of a backup device and a lock device.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the restoration / attenuation device.
FIG. 11 is a front view of still another embodiment of the restoration / attenuation device.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of another embodiment of the backup device.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of another embodiment of the locking device.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of still another embodiment of the locking device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Seismic isolation structure 12 Lower structure 12a Split rock 12b Discard concrete 12c Underground beam 13 Independent footing 13a Corner rail receiving footing part 13b Rail receiving footing part 13c Low footing part 13d High footing part 14 Plane frame 14a Outer peripheral main member 14b Inside Main member 14c Auxiliary member 14d Receiving member 14e Fire striking member 15 Base structure 16 Upper structure 16a Column 16b Middle column 16c Floor 18 Seismic isolation devices 20, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29 28a, 29a Guide rails 20b, 22b, 26b, 27b, 28b, 29b Moving block 24 Buffer material 30 Spherical bearing 31 Cylindrical bearing 32 Laminated rubber with lead plug 33 Upper flange plate 34 Lower flange plate 35 Seismic isolation rubber body 36 Steel plate 37 Rubber layer 38 Lead plug 39 Restoration / damping device 39a Rubber base 40 Backup device 42, 42 Fender 44, 44 Lock device 46, 46 Hydraulic jack 46a, 46a Piston 47 Valve 48 Pressure supply means 50 Horizontal vibration damping means 51 Viscous material 52 Storage plate 53 Shaft tube 54 Bush bearing 55 Vertical rod 56 Disc part 57 Clearance adjustment bolt 58 Bearing 59 Coil spring 60 Dustproof bellows 61 Air vent hole 65 Restoration / attenuation device 66, 66 Mounting tool 67, 67 Mounting shaft 68 Lead connection Member 70 Backup device 71 Cylinder 72 Piston 73, 74 Cylinder chamber 75 Viscoelastic body 76 External communication pipe 77 Buffer chamber 78 Rubber pad 79, 79 Coil spring 80, 90 Lock device 81, 82, 91 Cylinder device 83, 84, 92, 93 Fixie Rod 85,86,94,95 linear roller bearings 87,96 changeover valve 88,97 pipe

Claims (4)

It is composed of a lower structure installed on the ground, a plane frame located above the lower structure, and a cross linear motion mechanism that supports a vertical load interposed between the lower structure and the plane frame. In the seismic isolation structure comprising the seismic isolation device and the upper structure installed at the upper part of the plane frame ,
A restoration / damping device that does not need to support a vertical load is provided between the lower structure and the flat frame, and the restoration / damping device is a laminated rubber device, and a receiving member for the lower structure and the flat frame And a seismic isolation structure comprising a backup device arranged to face each other with a predetermined interval . The substructure is made of reinforced concrete, and has independent footings that are disposed on the split stones and laid with concrete and joined by underground beams. These independent footings are connected to the corner rail receiving footings of each corner of the substructure. , a rail receiving footing portion, and a low footing portion, claim 1 seismic isolation structure, wherein a and a high footing portion. The seismic isolation structure according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the backup device is a fender. The seismic isolation structure according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising a locking device between the lower structure and the flat frame.

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