JP3812401B2 - Gear tooth surface processing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gear surface processing method and a device for carrying out the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As one of the conventional gear tooth surface processing methods, after meshing the teeth of an internal gear-shaped workpiece (or grindstone) having internal teeth and an external gear-shaped grindstone (or workpiece) having external teeth, A method of grinding a tooth surface of a workpiece while rotating and reciprocating in the axial direction and rotating the other is known.
[0003]
As an internal tooth grinding apparatus for carrying out this processing method, for example, an outer tooth whose outer peripheral side is formed in a gear shape is used for a workpiece having an inner tooth whose outer peripheral side is circular and whose inner peripheral side is formed in a gear shape. After meshing the grindstone having, the other of the grindstone and the work is rotated to drive the other, and either the grindstone or the work is axially (forward and backward) with respect to the other. In the grinding device that grinds the tooth surface of the internal teeth of the workpiece by reciprocating relative to the workpiece, the grinding device is positioned on the outer peripheral side of the workpiece and between the grindstone positioned on the inner peripheral side of the workpiece. At least two rollers for holding the workpiece in a machining position by sandwiching the workpiece, a bearing for rotatably supporting the roller, and a block for supporting the bearing When the grinding apparatus of internal teeth of said workpiece through said block and said roller and a roller supporting device for pressing said grinding wheel is used.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional technology, for example, when a variation (variation) occurs in the machining allowance of the tooth surface of the workpiece before processing sent from the pre-grinding process, it cannot sufficiently cope with it. That is, in the prior art, since the workpiece (or grindstone) is pressed against the grindstone (or workpiece) with a constant force, the removal efficiency per unit time is constant, so the workpiece with variation in machining allowance. When grinding to a desired dimension, a large variation occurs in the machining time for each workpiece. Therefore, the conventional technique has a problem in that productivity is adversely affected due to variation in the machining allowance of individual workpieces.
[0005]
In view of the above-described problems in the prior art, the present invention, for example, grinds workpieces to a desired dimension even if there is variation in the removal of the tooth surfaces of workpieces before processing sent from the pre-grinding process. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gear tooth surface machining method and apparatus that solves the problem that variations in machining allowances adversely affect productivity without causing large variations in time.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, a gear tooth surface machining method according to claim 1 or 2 and a gear tooth surface machining device according to claims 3 to 8 are provided as means for solving the above problems. .
[0007]
By adopting the above means, the work (or grindstone) is pressed against the grindstone (or work), and the work (or grindstone) tries to retreat in the radial direction by the stopper means at the part where the machining allowance of the work is large. To stop doing. As a result, the pressing force increases, and the machining amount also increases by that amount. The bending of the main shaft due to the reaction force is reduced by the guide means. In this way, the removal efficiency per unit time is improved only for the portion where the machining allowance increases, so that it is possible to suppress the decrease in productivity due to variation in machining allowance and increase the efficiency.
[0008]
In the gear tooth surface machining apparatus of claim 5, the holding member is composed of two cylindrical bearing shafts. Further, in the gear tooth machining apparatus according to claim 6, an internal grinding stone is obtained by repeating the machining many times. Alternatively, even if the contact surface with the internal tooth workpiece is worn, the contact surface can be easily changed by rotating the receiving shaft.
In the gear tooth surface machining apparatus according to the seventh aspect, the contact surface with the internal grinding wheel or the internal tooth workpiece is formed by using a holding block having a V groove as a holding member.
In the gear tooth surface machining apparatus according to claim 8, by providing a minute groove on the contact surface of the taper portion and the taper receiving portion, a fluid such as a grinding fluid is sandwiched between the contact surfaces and acts as a damper. To prevent.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a specific description will be given with reference to an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view for explaining the configuration of a gear tooth surface machining apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 in an enlarged manner, reference numeral 2 denotes an internal tooth workpiece (workpiece) having internal teeth whose outer peripheral side is circular and whose inner peripheral side is formed in a gear shape.
3 is an external grindstone having external teeth whose outer peripheral side is formed in a gear shape.
Reference numeral 4 denotes two receiving shafts which are provided in parallel to each other and are provided to receive a part of the circular outer peripheral portion of the internal tooth workpiece 2. The axial length of the receiving shaft 4 is larger than the width (thickness) of the internal tooth workpiece 2 by a minute amount.
[0010]
Reference numeral 5 denotes a guide having an area larger than the tooth bottom surface of the internal tooth workpiece 2 in order to support one end of the receiving shaft 4 and slidably support one end surface of the internal tooth workpiece 2.
6 has an arcuate surface having a diameter larger than the tooth bottom surface of the internal tooth workpiece 2 in order to slidably support the end surface of the internal tooth workpiece 2 opposite to the guide 5. It is a presser plate that also supports the other end.
7 shows the whole work rotation receiving portion composed of the receiving shaft 4, the guide 5, and the presser plate 6 that hold the internal tooth work 2 rotatably.
[0011]
Reference numeral 8 denotes an up / down slider for supporting the workpiece rotation receiving portion 7, and the up / down slider 8 is supported by a configuration described later so as to be slidable in the up / down direction of FIG.
A vertical drive unit 9 guides the vertical slider 8 so as to be movable in the vertical direction and gives a driving force for the movement. In addition, in FIG. 1, the up-and-down drive part 9 is simplified and shown.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a front / rear slider that supports the vertical slider 8, the vertical driving unit 9, and the work rotation receiving unit 7 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction in FIG.
Reference numeral 11 denotes a front / rear drive device for driving the front / rear slider 10.
[0012]
Reference numeral 12 denotes a fixed stopper, which is fixed to the lower side of the work rotation receiving portion 7 and has a tapered portion 12a having a lower end surface formed in a tapered shape.
Reference numeral 13 denotes a movement stopper, which is a taper receiving portion 13a having an upper surface formed in a tapered shape so as to come into surface contact with the taper portion 12a of the fixed stopper 12.
Reference numeral 14 denotes a stopper driving unit which can move the moving stopper 13 forward and backward in a state where the tapered portion 12a of the fixed stopper 12 and the tapered receiving portion 13a of the moving stopper 13 are in contact with each other on the tapered surface. it can.
[0013]
Reference numeral 15 denotes a main shaft which holds the external grinding wheel 3 at one end and is supported so as to be rotatable and to be able to advance and retreat.
Reference numeral 16 denotes a plurality of main shaft guide balls, which support a part 15a of the main shaft 15 as a ball bearing to guide the rotation and advance / retreat operation of the main shaft 15 in the vicinity of the external grinding stone 3. The main shaft guide ball 16 is held in the circumferential direction and the forward / backward movement direction (axial direction) of the main shaft 15 by an annular retainer 17 in the same manner as a normal ball bearing.
[0014]
Reference numeral 18 denotes a fixed guide cap that holds the retainer 17 in the axial direction of the main shaft 15 and receives the main shaft guide ball 16 on the side opposite to the contact surface of the part 15a of the main shaft 15 with respect to the main shaft guide ball 16. A groove 18a is provided.
Reference numeral 19 denotes a fixed main shaft drive unit, which holds the guide cap 18 and applies rotation and main shaft advance / retreat drive to the main shaft 15. The detailed structure of the drive unit is not shown.
[0015]
Although the configuration of the gear tooth surface processing apparatus 1 has been described above, the operation of each component will be described below. In addition, the operation | movement relationship of the internal-tooth workpiece 2 and the external-tooth grindstone 3 is shown in FIG. 3, and the perspective view which expanded the structure of the part which added two receiving shafts 4 to them in FIG. 4 is shown. First, the internal tooth workpiece 2 is mounted on the workpiece rotation receiving portion 7. A grindstone 3 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 15 in advance. Thereafter, the front / rear slider 10 is operated to move the workpiece 2 in the axial direction toward the main shaft 15. The end position of the movement is a position where the internal tooth workpiece 2 and the external grinding wheel 3 are fitted to each other, and a position where the internal tooth workpiece 2 falls within a stroke range due to a forward / backward movement in the axial direction of the main shaft 15. Details of this relationship are shown in FIG.
[0016]
In a state where the external grinding wheel 3 is fitted inside the internal tooth workpiece 2, the vertical slider 10 is lifted by the vertical drive unit 9. At this time, it is assumed that the meshing is completed when the tip of the other tooth comes into contact with the bottom of one of the teeth meshing with each other. When the tooth tip and the tooth tip are in contact with each other, the meshing position is shallow. Therefore, after the vertical slider 8 is lowered, the main shaft 15 is rotated by a desired angle, and the vertical slider 8 is lifted again to engage the meshing operation. To do. If this is not the case, the tooth tip and the tooth bottom are brought into contact with each other by repeating this operation.
[0017]
After the teeth of the internal tooth workpiece 2 and the external tooth workpiece 3 are engaged, the stopper 13 is moved to the left in FIG. By this movement, the taper receiving portion 13a and the taper portion 12a of the fixed stopper 12 come into strong contact. Thereby, since the workpiece rotation receiving portion 7 supports the workpiece 2 from below without any play, the rigidity of the workpiece rotation receiving portion 7 is improved and the machining reaction force is increased at the portion where the machining allowance of the workpiece 2 increases. But work 2 doesn't escape. In this case, since the lower surface of the moving stopper 13 opposite to the taper receiving portion 13a is in contact with a part of the upper surface of the front / rear slider 10 and slides along it, the taper receiving portion 13a and the taper portion 12a. By sliding relatively, the wedge effect by the tapered surface is obtained. Therefore, since a large thrust can be obtained by a small pulling force, a structural part related to the stopper such as the stopper driving unit 14 can be made small and can be very simple.
[0018]
After the taper portions 12a and 13a are brought into contact with each other by the stopper driving portion 14, the workpiece is advanced and retracted by the front and rear driving portion 11 while the main shaft 15 and the grindstone 3 are rotated by the main shaft driving portion 19. Thereby, the internal tooth workpiece 2 is rotated while the meshing point of the tooth with the external grinding wheel 2 is transferred to the adjacent tooth. At this time, when the machining reaction force is increased due to an increase in the machining allowance of a part of the teeth of the internal tooth workpiece 2, the guide cap 18 counters the increase in the reaction force by the strong support action by the wedge effect. Through the annular guide groove 18a and the main shaft guide ball 16 formed on the main shaft 15, a strong support action against the increase in the reaction force to the main shaft 15 is born. The removal efficiency can be greatly improved. Therefore, the machining time may be constant even in a portion where the machining allowance becomes large.
After the machining is completed, the rotation and advance / retreat operation of the main shaft 15 is terminated, and the operations opposite to the above are sequentially performed to complete the entire machining. Finally, the processed internal tooth workpiece 2 is taken out from the workpiece rotation receiving portion 7.
[0019]
In the above description, the relation between the internal tooth workpiece 2 and the external grindstone 3 has been described. However, the relation may be reversed and the external tooth workpiece may be ground by the internal tooth grindstone.
[0020]
In the above, as shown in the model diagram of FIG. 4, since the two receiving shafts 4 are both cylindrical, when the wear progresses due to the contact with the internal tooth workpiece 2, the receiving shaft 4 is rotated. Thus, it is possible to initialize the contact portion again by shifting the phase. That is, maintenance can be performed easily and inexpensively without remanufacturing parts. Moreover, wear resistance can also be improved by supporting the receiving shaft 4 rotatably.
In the above configuration, the outer peripheral portion of the internal tooth workpiece 2 is rotatably supported by using the two receiving shafts 4. A holding block in which a V-shaped groove is formed may be used.
[0021]
In the above, it is desirable to provide minute grooves for collecting and flowing the grinding fluid and sludge used for processing in the tapered portion 12a and the tapered receiving portion 13a which are the tapered surfaces of the fixed stopper 12 and the moving stopper 13, respectively. By this minute groove, the contact between the tapered surfaces is not affected by the damper effect of the grinding fluid or sludge, and a stable wedge effect can be exhibited.
In the above, it is possible to expect further improvement in productivity by bringing the main spindle guide ball 16 closer to the grindstone 3 in the axial direction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a gear tooth surface machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view for explaining the positional relationship before engagement between the grindstone and the workpiece in the embodiment and the positional relationship during processing after engagement.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view for explaining an operational relationship between a grindstone and a workpiece.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view for explaining the relationship among a grindstone, a workpiece, and a receiving shaft.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gear tooth surface processing apparatus 2 ... Internal tooth workpiece 3 ... External toothed stone 4 ... Bearing shaft 5 ... Guide 6 ... Presser plate 7 ... Workpiece rotation receiving part 8 ... Vertical slider 9 ... Vertical drive part 10 ... Front / rear slider 11 ... Front / rear Drive unit 12: Fixed stopper 12a ... Tapered portion 13 ... Moving stopper 13a ... Taper receiving portion 14 ... Stopper drive unit 15 ... Spindle 16 ... Spindle guide ball 17 ... Retainer 18 ... Guide cap 19 ... Spindle drive unit

Claims (8)

After the outer peripheral side has a circular shape and the inner peripheral side has an internal tooth having an internal tooth formed in a gear shape, an external tooth stone having an external tooth having an outer peripheral side formed in a gear shape is meshed with the external tooth stone And rotating one of the internal tooth workpieces and rotating the other, and reciprocating the external grinding wheel and the internal tooth workpiece relative to the other in the axial direction. In the method of grinding the tooth surface of the internal teeth of the internal tooth workpiece,
A workpiece holding means for rotatably supporting the internal tooth workpiece and supporting the inner tooth workpiece so as to move in the front-rear direction by a front-rear slider ;
A fixed stopper having a tapered portion at the lower end, a moving stopper having a tapered receiving portion at the upper end so as to slidably contact the tapered portion of the fixed stopper, and a forward and backward drive of the moving stopper with respect to the fixed stopper A stopper driving unit for providing the workpiece holding means for supporting the workpiece holding means from below with respect to the front and rear sliders, and for improving the rigidity of the workpiece holding means;
Spindle means for rotatably holding the external grinding wheel;
Guide means for improving the rigidity of the spindle means;
Rotation driving means for rotating and driving either one of the external grinding wheel and the internal tooth workpiece;
Using a gear tooth surface machining device comprising a reciprocating drive means for reciprocally moving one of the external grinding wheel and the internal tooth workpiece in the axial direction relative to the other, the internal tooth workpiece and the external workpiece Before the tooth grinding wheel is processed, the taper receiving portion and the taper portion come into strong contact by the stopper driving unit after the teeth of the internal tooth workpiece and the external tooth stone mesh with each other, and the work holding means has no play. A gear tooth surface machining method characterized in that the internal gear workpiece is supported from below and the rigidity of the workpiece holding means is increased by the stopper means to prevent the workpiece from being displaced due to the action of the machining force. After the outer peripheral side has a circular shape and the inner peripheral side has an internal tooth formed in a gear shape, an external tooth work having external teeth formed in a gear shape on the outer peripheral side is meshed with the internal tooth stone. And rotating one of the external tooth workpieces and rotating the other, and reciprocating the internal grinding wheel and the external tooth workpiece relative to each other in the axial direction. By the method of grinding the tooth surface of the external teeth of the external tooth work,
A grindstone holding means that supports the internal grindstone in a rotatable manner, and supports the internal grindstone so as to be movable in the front-rear direction by a front-rear slider ;
A fixed stopper having a tapered portion at the lower end, a moving stopper having a tapered receiving portion at the upper end so as to slidably contact the tapered portion of the fixed stopper, and a forward and backward drive of the moving stopper with respect to the fixed stopper A stopper driving unit for providing the grinding wheel holding means from below with respect to the front / rear slider, and for improving the rigidity of the grinding wheel holding means,
Spindle means for rotatably holding the external tooth workpiece;
Guide means for improving the rigidity of the spindle means;
Rotation driving means for rotating and driving either the external tooth workpiece or the internal grinding wheel;
Using a gear tooth surface processing device comprising a reciprocating drive means for reciprocally moving one of the external tooth workpiece and the internal grindstone in the axial direction relative to the other, the internal grindstone and the external grindstone Before processing the tooth workpiece, the taper receiving portion and the taper portion come into strong contact with each other by the stopper driving unit after the teeth of the internal grindstone and the external tooth workpiece mesh with each other, and the grindstone holding means has no play. The internal gear wheel is supported from below, and the rigidity of the grinding wheel holding means is enhanced by the stopper means to prevent the grinding wheel from being displaced due to the action of the processing force. After the outer peripheral side has a circular shape and the inner peripheral side has an internal tooth having an internal tooth formed in a gear shape, an external tooth stone having an external tooth having an outer peripheral side formed in a gear shape is meshed with the external tooth stone And rotating one of the internal tooth workpieces and rotating the other, and reciprocating the external grinding wheel and the internal tooth workpiece relative to the other in the axial direction. In the apparatus for grinding the tooth surface of the internal teeth of the internal tooth workpiece,
A holding member having a contact portion having a length substantially the same as the thickness of the internal tooth workpiece in order to rotatably support the internal tooth workpiece;
A guide that supports one end of the internal tooth workpiece while supporting one end of the holding member;
A press plate that receives the surface of the internal tooth workpiece opposite to the guide and supports the other end of the holding member;
A workpiece rotation receiving portion comprising the guide, the presser plate, and the holding member;
An upper and lower slider for supporting the workpiece rotation receiving portion;
A vertical drive unit capable of moving the vertical slider in the vertical direction;
A front / rear slider that supports the vertical drive unit, the upper / lower slider, and the work rotation receiving unit so as to be movable in the front / rear direction;
A front-rear drive unit that applies forward and backward drive to the front-rear slider;
A fixed stopper having a tapered portion at a lower end in a part of the workpiece rotation receiving portion;
A moving stopper having a taper receiving portion at the upper end so as to slidably contact the taper portion of the fixed stopper;
A stopper driving unit that gives the moving stopper forward and backward driving with respect to the fixed stopper;
A main shaft that rotatably holds the external tooth wheel,
A spindle guide ball that contacts a part of the spindle in the vicinity of the external grinding wheel and guides the spindle in the rotational direction and the axial direction;
A retainer for holding the spindle guide ball in the axial direction of the spindle;
A guide cap having an annular guide groove for holding the retainer in the axial direction of the main shaft and holding the main shaft guide ball in the radial direction of the main shaft;
A gear tooth surface machining apparatus, comprising: a main shaft driving unit for rotationally driving the main shaft. After the outer peripheral side has a circular shape and the inner peripheral side has an internal tooth formed in a gear shape, an external tooth work having external teeth formed in a gear shape on the outer peripheral side is meshed with the internal tooth stone. And rotating one of the external tooth workpieces and rotating the other, and reciprocating the internal grinding wheel and the external tooth workpiece relative to each other in the axial direction. In the apparatus for grinding the tooth surface of the external tooth of the external tooth work,
A holding member having a contact portion having a length substantially the same as the thickness of the internal grinding wheel in order to rotatably support the internal grinding wheel;
A guide for supporting one end of the holding member and receiving one end surface of the internal grinding wheel;
Receiving the surface of the internal grindstone on the opposite side of the guide and supporting the other end of the holding member;
A grindstone rotation receiving portion comprising the guide, the presser plate, and the holding member;
An upper and lower slider for supporting the grinding wheel rotation receiving portion;
A vertical drive unit capable of moving the vertical slider in the vertical direction;
A front / rear slider that supports the vertical drive unit, the upper / lower slider, and the grindstone rotation receiving unit so as to be movable in the front / rear direction;
A front-rear drive unit that applies forward and backward drive to the front-rear slider;
A fixed stopper having a tapered portion at the lower end in a part of the grindstone rotation receiving portion, and a moving stopper having a tapered receiving portion at the upper end so as to slidably contact the tapered portion of the fixed stopper,
A stopper driving unit that gives the moving stopper forward and backward driving with respect to the fixed stopper;
A spindle for rotatably holding the external tooth workpiece;
A spindle guide ball that contacts a part of the spindle in the vicinity of the external work and guides the spindle in the rotational direction and the axial direction;
A retainer for holding the spindle guide ball in the axial direction of the spindle;
A guide cap having an annular guide groove for holding the retainer in the axial direction of the main shaft and holding the main shaft guide ball in the radial direction of the main shaft;
A gear tooth surface machining apparatus, comprising: a main shaft driving unit for rotationally driving the main shaft. The gear tooth surface processing apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the holding member includes two receiving shafts having a cylindrical shape. 6. The bearing according to claim 5, wherein the support shaft can be rotated after being processed an arbitrary number of times to change a contact surface with the internal grindstone or the internal tooth workpiece. Gear tooth surface processing device. The said holding member consists of a holding block which has a V-groove, The contact surface with the said internal grindstone or an internal-tooth workpiece is formed in the surface of the said V-groove of this block, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Or the gear tooth surface processing apparatus of 4. The gear tooth surface machining apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein a minute groove for allowing oil to escape is provided in at least one of the taper portion and the taper receiving portion.

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