JP3802694B2 - How to drain oil from the compressor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oil draining method performed before dismantling or crushing a compressor such as an air conditioner or an electric refrigerator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, industrial waste made of iron, aluminum, copper, plastic, or a composite material of these materials has been crushed using a crusher or the like, and then separated and sorted for recycling.
[0003]
Also, since waste such as compressors is filled with oil inside, if it is put into the crusher as it is, the oil will burn and there is a risk of explosion. There was only crushing in an inert gas. Therefore, in general, manual dismantling by cheap and dangerous fusing is mainly performed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, manual dismantling due to fusing, etc. is a work that involves the risk of fire and burns, and the surrounding environment is deteriorated by fuming, and the processing capacity of workers is limited. Therefore, in order to safely process the oil, it was necessary to efficiently extract the oil from the waste beforehand.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and pollutes the surrounding environment by efficiently extracting oil before disassembling the compressor containing oil with a crusher or the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for extracting oil from a compressor that can be safely disassembled without any trouble.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized in that at least two openings are provided in a compressor filled with oil, and the first opening is provided above the compressor. And a second opening is provided below the first opening of the compressor to be connected to the solvent injection path, and a solvent having a density difference from the oil of 0.05 g / ml or more is connected. The oil is released by being injected and stored in the compressor through the second opening, and the released oil is recovered through the first opening and the oil recovery path.
[0007]
The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that water is used as a solvent to be injected into the compressor and a water-soluble substance is added to the water .
[0008]
Furthermore, the invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that the water-soluble substance is a carbohydrate .
[0009]
The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that a predetermined concentration of electrolyte is contained in the solvent injected into the compressor .
[0010]
The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the electrolyte contains 0.001 to 0.01 molar concentration of alkaline earth metal sulfate or nitrate .
[0011]
The invention described in claim 6 is characterized in that the electrolyte contains 0.001 to 0.01 molar concentration of alkaline ionized water .
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a hermetic compressor 1 that has become industrial waste, and includes a hermetic container 2 in which an electric part and a compression mechanism part are incorporated, and an accumulator 3 provided in parallel with the hermetic container 2. A suction pipe 4 is connected to the accumulator 3, while a discharge pipe 5 is connected to the upper part of the sealed container 2, and an input terminal 6 to the compressor motor is also provided. The hermetic compressor 1 is filled with, for example, 0.97 g / ml ester oil (made by Nippon Petroleum: RB68A) that lubricates the compression mechanism when in use, and becomes a waste hermetic compressor If 1 is put into the crusher as it is, the oil burns and there is a risk of explosion.
[0017]
Therefore, it is necessary to drain the oil before the closed compressor 1 is put into the crusher. However, in the case of the vertical compressor shown in FIG. 1, the accumulator 3 is firmly attached to the closed container 2 through the suction port 7. When it is fixed and the accumulator 3 is disconnected, the filled oil flows out from the suction port 7, so that the oil draining operation is performed with the accumulator 3 connected.
[0018]
Hereinafter, an oil draining method according to the present invention when the hermetic compressor 1 having the above-described configuration is used as a work will be described.
[0019]
Embodiment 1
FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for performing the oil draining method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, the workpiece 1 is first set at a predetermined position, and the discharge pipe 5 is connected to the oil recovery path 8 as a first opening, and the suction pipe 4 serves as a suction port to the compression mechanism. Two openings are connected to a water injection path (or solvent injection path) 9.
[0020]
The oil recovery path 8 and the water injection path 9 are connected to a water storage tank 10 that also serves as a temporary recovery oil tank, and a water injection pump (or solvent injection pump) 11 is disposed in the middle of the water injection path 9, and the oil recovery path 8 is provided with an oil sump 12.
[0021]
The first valve 13 is attached to the oil recovery path 8 between the hermetic compressor 1 and the oil sump 12, while the second water injection path 9 between the hermetic compressor 1 and the water injection pump 11 is second. A valve 14 is attached. Further, the water storage tank 10 is provided with a third valve 15 for finally discharging the recovered oil at the side thereof, and an air port 16 is provided at the upper part thereof. A heater 17 is provided for heating water supplied to the hermetic compressor 1 by the pump 11 to a constant temperature. In addition, glucose is added to the water in the water storage tank 10 to increase the density to 1.10 g / ml.
[0022]
The operation of the oil draining device having the above configuration will be described below.
First, after the oil recovery path 8 and the water injection path 9 are connected to the hermetic compressor 1 via the discharge pipe 5 and the suction pipe 4, respectively, the first valve 13 and the second valve 14 are opened to drive the water injection pump 11. Then, hot water of, for example, 50 ° C. heated to a predetermined temperature is injected into the compressor through the water injection path 9. The oil and water overflowed from the compressor 1 reach the oil reservoir 12 through the oil recovery path 8.
[0023]
In this state, when the operation of the water injection pump 11 is stopped and the second valve 14 is closed and left for a predetermined time, the oil in the compressor rises due to the density difference from the high density water and is filled with oil. Most of the oil is collected and stored in the oil sump 12.
[0024]
Next, when the second valve 14 is opened and the water injection pump 11 is re-driven, the oil and overflow water reach the water storage tank 10 that also serves as a temporarily recovered oil tank. Thereafter, the first valve 13 and the second valve 14 are closed, the hermetic compressor 1 is separated from the oil recovery path 8 and the water injection path 9, the water inside is drained, and the oil draining operation from the compressor is completed. To do.
[0025]
The oil in the water storage tank 11 is periodically recovered in an oil recovery tank (not shown) by opening the third valve 15 periodically while monitoring the inside of the water storage tank 11.
[0026]
In this embodiment, the water introduced into the compressor is warm water. In this case, in order to create conditions that make it easy for oil to be separated by the hot water to be introduced without preheating the inside of the compressor body, it is better to use hot water that is somewhat hot. For example, at 40 ° C. and 50 ° C., when 50 ° C., oil separation and recovery can be performed more rapidly, and continuous workability is better. In addition, when the compressor body is in a low temperature state in winter before the oil is drained, hot water having a considerably high temperature is required.
[0027]
Moreover, in this embodiment, sufficient buoyancy is generated by providing a density difference of 0.13 g / ml using 1.10 g / ml glucose aqueous solution to 0.97 g / ml ester oil. I was able to. The density difference that produces sufficient buoyancy is preferably 0.05 g / ml or more, more preferably 0.1 g / ml or more. Moreover, even if the density difference is too large, it acts in the direction of improving the separability between the oil and the solvent, so that no particular problem occurs.
[0028]
However, if the viscosity of the solvent containing the solute or the like becomes too high for densification, it becomes difficult to penetrate into the details of the compressor. Therefore, the viscosity is 3 cSt or less, more preferably 2 cSt or less in terms of kinematic viscosity in the working atmosphere. It was necessary to keep it down.
[0029]
Embodiment 2
FIG. 3 shows an apparatus for performing the oil draining method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The hermetic compressor 1 is filled with, for example, ether oil (Idemitsu: FVC68DX3) having a density of 0.94 g / ml, which lubricates the compression element in use.
[0030]
In the apparatus of FIG. 3, the discharge pipe 5 as the first opening is connected to the oil recovery path 8, and the φ6 through-hole 2 a drilled in the upper part of the side wall of the hermetic compressor 1 is used as the second opening. It is connected to the water injection path 9 through the seal portion. The suction pipe 4 is connected to a compressed air supply source 19 via a compressed air introduction path 18, and a fourth valve 20 is attached in the middle of the compressed air introduction path 18.
[0031]
The oil recovery path 8 and the water injection path 9 are connected to a water storage tank 11 that also serves as a temporary recovery oil tank. A water injection pump 11 is disposed in the middle of the water injection path 9, and an oil is in the middle of the oil recovery path 8. A reservoir 12 is provided. A first valve 13 is attached to the oil recovery path 8 between the hermetic compressor 1 and the oil reservoir 12, while a second valve 14 is disposed in the water injection path 9 between the hermetic compressor 1 and the water injection pump 11. Is attached.
[0032]
In addition, a third valve 15 for finally discharging the recovered oil is attached to the side of the water storage tank 10, and an air port 16 is provided in the upper part of the water tank 10. A level detector 23 is attached. The water stored in the water storage tank 10 is added with 0.002 molar concentration of magnesium sulfate and glucose, and is densified to a density of 1.05 g / ml.
[0033]
On the other hand, two of the three phases of the input terminal 6 of the compressor 1 are connected to the power source 21 via the power control unit 22.
[0034]
The operation of the oil draining device having the above configuration will be described below.
First, when the current value is monitored and controlled by the power supply control unit 22 so that a current of 20 A or less from the power supply 21 flows to the input terminal 6 of the compressor 1 and the input is continued for about 5 minutes, the temperature of the motor coil is about 80, for example. Rise to ℃. While the motor coil is energized, the second opening 2a is drilled to connect the oil recovery path 8, the water injection path 9, and the compressed air introduction path 18 to the hermetic compressor 1. Since the motor coil has a large heat capacity, once the temperature rises, the temperature does not drop in a short time.
[0035]
After that, when the first valve 13 and the second valve 14 are opened and the water injection pump 11 is driven, the water in the water storage tank 10 is injected into the compressor through the water injection path 9 and overflows from the sealed container 2. And the water reaches the oil sump 12 through the oil recovery path 8. In this state, when the water injection pump 12 is stopped and the second valve 14 is closed and left for a predetermined time, the oil in the compressor rises due to the density difference from the water, and most of the oil filled in the compressor is The oil is collected in the oil sump 12.
[0036]
Next, when the fourth valve 20 is opened, for example, about 5 kg / cm ² of compressed air is supplied from the compressed air source 19 to the suction pipe 4 and passes through the compression mechanism from the low pressure side to the high pressure side. Further, the fourth valve 20 and the first valve 13 are simultaneously closed when the oil sump 12 is reached via the discharge pipe 5. As a result, the oil filled in the hermetic compressor 1 and the water used for oil recovery are discharged to the water storage tank 10, so that the compressor 1 is connected to the oil recovery path 8, the water injection path 9, and the compressed air introduction path. 18, the input terminal is removed from the input terminal 6, and the oil draining operation from the compressor 1 is completed. The oil in the water storage tank 10 that also serves as a temporary recovery oil tank automatically opens the third valve 15 while monitoring its level with the oil level detector 23, and finally the oil recovery tank (FIG. (Not shown).
[0037]
In this embodiment, a method of energizing with a phase loss is used to preheat the compressor main body. However, if the compressor drive unit is rotated at a low Hz, for example, 30 Hz or less, there is almost no oil discharge and the compression is performed. The machine body can be preheated uniformly.
[0038]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the amount of oil and water remaining inside can be reduced by introducing compressed air from the suction port of the compression mechanism. Further, by using compressed air having a certain pressure of about 5 kg / cm ² , the drive unit can be driven incidentally when the compressed air is introduced, leading to an improvement in the oil recovery rate. As compressed air, although depending on the complexity of the compression mechanism, a pressure of 3 to 10 kg / cm ² was preferred.
[0039]
In this embodiment, 0.002 molar concentration of magnesium sulfate was added as the electrolyte. However, by adding a certain amount of electrolyte, the separation between the oil and the solvent can be improved, and the separation time can be shortened. I was able to. Specifically, 0.001 to 0.01 molar concentration was a preferable electrolyte concentration applicable to the present invention. Examples of the electrolyte that exhibits the same effect include alkaline earth metal sulfates, nitrates, and alkaline ionized water.
[0040]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, easy oil handling is used as a solvent, and glucose is added to increase the density to increase the difference in density from the ester oil, thereby improving the oil drainability from the compressor. It was.
[0041]
However, examples of the solvent that can be used in the present invention include water (dielectric constant 80), ethylene glycol (dielectric constant 39), propylene glycol (dielectric constant 32), propylene carbonate (dielectric constant 69), and the like. It can also be used as a mixed solvent by mixing at a predetermined ratio. On the other hand, oil with a small dielectric constant is generally used as the oil filled in the compressor. For example, ester oil (Nippon Petroleum: RB68A) has a dielectric constant of 3.08, ether oil (Idemitsu: FVC68DX3) has a dielectric constant of 3.17, and synthetic oil (Nippon Petroleum: Atmos M60) has a dielectric constant of 2.18. 25. In addition, in order to suppress mutual solubility small, the dielectric constant was 30 or more as a preferable characteristic for both the single solvent and the mixed solvent.
[0042]
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although glucose was added to the water in the water storage tank 10, as sugars which can be used for this invention, there exist a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, a tetrasaccharide, a polysaccharide, Glucose, sucrose, fructose and the like having high versatility are preferable because they are easy to handle.
[0043]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, as a method of promoting oil release from the compressor internal mechanism, a method of conducting phase loss to the compressor motor and a method of rotating the compressor drive are adopted. A method of directly or indirectly vibrating can also be employed, and these methods can be used in combination. However, since it is dangerous to input electricity to the input terminal after water is introduced into the compressor, phase loss energization to the compressor motor section or rotation of the compressor drive section is a preheating means for the compressor body. It is preferable to carry out in the previous step of water injection.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the first and second openings of the compressor are connected to the oil recovery path and the solvent injection path, respectively, and the density difference from the oil is 0.05 g / ml. Since the above solvent is injected and stored inside the compressor, the oil receives sufficient buoyancy due to the density difference with the solvent heavier than the oil without mutual dissolution with the oil, and from the internal mechanism part of the compressor It becomes easy to release. Since the released oil moves to the upper part of the solvent, it can be easily recovered, the oil recovery rate can be improved and the recovery time can be shortened.
[0045]
In addition, according to the invention described in claim 2, since water is used as the solvent to be injected into the compressor, the solvent can be easily and inexpensively obtained, and water has a large specific heat. It can also be used as a thermal solvent. In addition, since the water-soluble substance is added to the water, the solvent density can be increased and the separability between the oil and the solvent can be improved .
[0046]
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 3, since saccharides are used as the water-soluble substance, they can be obtained easily and inexpensively and solvent management is also easy. In addition, the carbohydrates can not only suppress the increase in viscosity with respect to the amount added, but also have little adverse effect on waste recycling even if they remain inside the compressor .
[0047]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the electrolyte injected into the compressor contains the electrolyte at a predetermined concentration, so that the separability of the oil from the solvent can be improved .
[0048]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 5 or 6 , since the alkaline earth metal sulfate or nitrate or alkaline ionized water is contained in the concentration of 0.001 to 0.01 mol as the electrolyte, it is appropriately selected. The addition of a small amount of electrolyte improves the separability between oil and solvent .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a vertical compressor used as a workpiece.
FIG. 2 is a piping system diagram showing a method for extracting oil from the compressor of FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a piping system diagram illustrating a method of extracting oil from the compressor of FIG. 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sealed compressor 2 Sealed container 3 Accumulator 4 Suction pipe 5 Discharge pipe 6 Input terminal 7 Suction port 8 Oil recovery path 9 Water injection path 10 Water storage tank 11 Water injection pump 12 Oil reservoir 17 Heater 18 Compressed air introduction path 19 Compressed air supply source 21 Power supply 22 Power supply control unit 23 Oil level detector

Claims (6)

Provided at least two openings to the compressor filled with oil, with the first opening is provided above the compressor is connected to the oil recovery path, the second opening the first opening of the compressor The oil is released by injecting and storing a solvent having a density difference from the oil of 0.05 g / ml or more into the compressor through the second opening. A method for extracting oil from a compressor, wherein the released oil is recovered through the first opening and the oil recovery path. The method for extracting oil from the compressor according to claim 1, wherein water is used as a solvent to be injected into the compressor, and a water-soluble substance is added to the water . The method for extracting oil from a compressor according to claim 2, wherein the water-soluble substance is a saccharide . The method for extracting oil from a compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a predetermined concentration of an electrolyte is contained in a solvent injected into the compressor . The method for extracting oil from a compressor according to claim 4, wherein 0.001 to 0.01 mol concentration of alkaline earth metal sulfate or nitrate is contained as the electrolyte . The method for extracting oil from the compressor according to claim 4, wherein the electrolyte contains 0.001 to 0.01 mol of alkaline ionized water .

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