JP3799461B2 - Metal halide lamp with built-in starter with pulse stop function - Google Patents

Description

【００２１】
また、上記実施の形態を示した構成のメタルハライドランプを20本試作し、該試作ランプに対して消灯直後の再始動時間の測定を行ったところ、表２に示すような結果が得られ、全数が良好な消灯直後の再始動性能を備えていることが確認された。
【００２２】
【表２】

【００２３】
【発明の効果】
以上実施の形態に基づいて説明したように、本発明によれば、パルス停止機能を備えた非線形セラミックコンデンサを含む始動器を内蔵したメタルハライドランプにおいて、非線形セラミックコンデンサの温度をキュリー温度まで加熱可能なパルス停止用抵抗体を第２のバイメタルスイッチを介して接続すると共に、該第２のバイメタルスイッチによりパルス停止用抵抗体を切り離した状態で、消灯直後の再始動動作を行わせるように構成したので、通常の始動時におけるパルス停止機能を維持しながら、消灯直後の再始動性能を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る始動器内蔵型のメタルハライドランプの実施の形態を示す回路構成図である。
【図２】従来の非線形セラミックコンデンサを有する始動器を内蔵したメタルハライドランプの構成例を示す回路構成図である。
【図３】図２に示した従来例を改良した従来のメタルハライドランプを示す回路構成図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 発光管
２ａ，２ｂ 主電極
３ 補助電極
４ 始動補助抵抗体
５ 第１のバイメタルスイッチ
６ 非線形セラミックコンデンサ
７ カレントダンパー
８ 半導体スイッチ
９ 位相安定化用抵抗体
10 パルス停止用抵抗体
11 外球
12 第２のバイメタルスイッチ
13 非線形セラミックコンデンサ劣化防止用抵抗体
21 安定器
22 交流電源[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a metal halide lamp having a built-in starter including a non-linear ceramic capacitor having a pulse stop function and a semiconductor switch, and more particularly to a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter that has improved restart performance immediately after being turned off .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a starter of a metal halide lamp, in order to solve problems such as operation stability and life of a starter provided with a high-voltage pulse generation circuit, a strong force mainly composed of barium titanate having a nonlinear VQ characteristic is mainly used. The one using a non-linear ceramic capacitor (abbreviated as FEC) made of a dielectric has come to be used. This uses the saturation characteristics of a nonlinear ceramic capacitor to generate a pulse voltage every half cycle by the inductance of a ballast or the like connected in series to the nonlinear ceramic capacitor, and applies this to a metal halide lamp to start it. Next, a configuration example of a metal halide lamp having such a starter will be described with reference to FIG.
[0003]
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a metal halide lamp arc tube, in which main electrodes 2a and 2b are sealed at both ends of a quartz glass tube, and an auxiliary electrode 3 is sealed in the vicinity of at least one of the main electrodes 2a, and The inside is filled with mercury, scandium, sodium, and other metal halides together with a starting auxiliary gas. Further, a starting auxiliary circuit in which a starting auxiliary resistor 4 and a normally closed bimetal switch 5 are connected in series is provided between the auxiliary electrode 3 and the main electrode 2 a facing the auxiliary electrode 3, and in parallel with the arc tube 1. A series circuit of a non-linear ceramic capacitor 6, a current damper 7, and a bidirectional semiconductor switch 8 such as an SSS element is connected via a bimetal switch 5, and a phase stabilization resistor in parallel with the semiconductor switch 8. The body 9 is connected. Each of the above components is housed in the outer sphere 11 to constitute a metal halide lamp, which is connected to an AC power source 22 via a ballast 21 such as a choke coil and is lit.
[0004]
Next, the operation of the metal halide lamp configured as described above will be described. When the power supply 22 is turned on, an AC power supply voltage is applied to the series circuit of the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6, the current damper 7 and the semiconductor switch 8 via the ballast 21, and the semiconductor switch 8 is switched in the positive half cycle of the AC power supply voltage. When the breakover voltage is exceeded, the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6 is suddenly charged, and the charging current suddenly becomes zero when the charged charge is saturated, that is, when the saturation voltage of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6 is reached. Become. At this time, a large positive pulse voltage is generated by the inductance of the ballast 21, and is applied together with the power supply voltage between the main electrode 2a and the auxiliary electrode 3 and between the main electrodes 2a and 2b. In the next negative half cycle, negative pulse voltages are generated in the same manner, and by these pulse voltages, first, glow discharge is generated between the main electrode 2a and the auxiliary electrode 3, and then the main electrodes 2a and 2b Arc discharge occurs during Thus, since discharge starts from a narrow gap between the main electrode 2a and the auxiliary electrode 3, it can be started easily with a relatively low pulse voltage.
[0005]
By the way, in the metal halide lamp having the built-in starter including the non-linear ceramic capacitor as described above, a lamp failure may occur. When the lamp fails, a pulse is continuously generated by the built-in starter. If the pulse continues to be generated when the lamp is unsatisfactory, not only does the insulation of the ballast and the insulation of the lighting fixture deteriorate, but the pulse voltage is continuously applied to the lamp base and the like, which is dangerous to the human body.
[0006]
In order to solve such a problem, as shown in FIG. 3, in a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter, in which a starter including a non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 is connected in parallel to the arc tube 1, the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 Is connected in parallel to a series circuit including a pulse stopping resistor 10 capable of heating the temperature of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6 to the Curie temperature (usually 90 ° C.) when the starter is operated. The one arranged and configured is proposed.
[0007]
In the metal halide lamp configured as described above, when the arc tube 1 is not lit even when the starter including the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 operates, a high-pressure pulse continues to be generated by the starter. Along with self-heating, the heat generated by the resistor 10 for stopping the pulse placed close to the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 causes the temperature of the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 to reach the Curie temperature in a short time, and the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 becomes paraelectric. Thus, the nonlinear characteristic disappears. Therefore, it is possible to stop the generation of the high-voltage pulse at the time of the failure in a short time.
[0008]
This pulse stopping resistor 10 not only has the function of stopping the generation of the high voltage pulse as described above, but also reduces the voltage applied to the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 during lamp operation, and the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 is about 90 ° C. It has a function of flowing a pyroelectric current generated when the temperature exceeds the Curie temperature to prevent deterioration of the characteristics.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in a metal halide lamp including a starter including a non-linear ceramic capacitor, when a pulse stop function is added as described above and a pulse stop function is added, the generated pulse voltage of the starter including the non-linear ceramic capacitor decreases. . The drop in the generated pulse voltage due to this does not cause a problem at the normal start, but at the time of restart, if the pulse voltage generated by the starter for restart is performed early after turning off the lamp, the lamp will not restart. There is. This is because the pulse voltage is attenuated by connecting the resistor for stopping the pulse, and the temperature of the non-linear ceramic capacitor constituting the starter is high at the time of restart. This is because the generated pulse voltage is lowered. If the pulse voltage generation time for restarting is delayed, the lamp restarts, but it may be necessary to pass 15 minutes or more after the lamp is turned off.
[0010]
Since the time until the restart operation is started after the lamp is turned off depends on the closing operation time of the bimetal switch connected to the starter with a built-in lamp, the above problem is caused by the variation in the closing operation time. Arise. Also, if the value of the resistor for stopping the pulse connected to the starter with a built-in lamp is increased, the attenuation of the pulse voltage will be reduced, so that the pulse voltage for restart is generated early after the light is extinguished. However, it can be restarted, but if the value of the resistor for stopping the pulse is increased, there is a problem that the pulse stopping function at the time of normal starting does not work completely.
[0011]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in a metal halide lamp having a built-in starter including a non-linear ceramic capacitor having a pulse stop function, and is turned off while maintaining the pulse stop function at the normal start. An object of the present invention is to provide a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter capable of improving the restart performance immediately after .
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention seals the first and second main electrodes at the end of the quartz tube, and the auxiliary electrode at least close to the second main electrode, respectively, and starts the interior. An arc tube in which a metal halide is enclosed together with an auxiliary gas, and at least a first bimetal switch, a nonlinear ceramic capacitor, and a semiconductor switch connected in series, and connected between the first and second main electrodes of the arc tube A starting auxiliary resistor connected between the auxiliary electrode and a connection point between the first bimetal switch and the non-linear ceramic capacitor, and at least the temperature of the non-linear ceramic capacitor connected in parallel to the non-linear ceramic capacitor. A series circuit of a pulse stopping resistor capable of heating to a Curie temperature and a second bimetal switch, and at least the nonlinear ceramic The non-linear ceramic capacitor deterioration preventing resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor is housed in an outer sphere filled with an inert gas, and the first and second bimetal switches are closed at the time of starting. The first bimetal switch is open during lighting, immediately after the light is turned off , and when the nonlinear ceramic capacitor is in a temperature state where it cannot supply the pulse voltage necessary for restarting the lamp (0 to 15 minutes after the light is turned off ). Is configured before the second bimetal switch is closed, and constitutes a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter so that the pulse stopping resistor is restarted in a disconnected state.
[0013]
In the metal halide lamp with a built-in starter configured as described above, the second bimetal switch is closed together with the first bimetal switch at the time of normal start, and the pulse stopping resistor is parallel to at least the nonlinear ceramic capacitor. Therefore, in the event of a failure, the temperature of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor reaches the Curie temperature in a short time due to the heat generated by the pulse stopping resistor, and the generation of the high voltage pulse can be stopped in a short time. On the other hand, during the period when the nonlinear ceramic capacitor is in a temperature state where it cannot supply the pulse voltage necessary for restarting the lamp (0 to 15 minutes after extinguishing ) , the second bimetal switch is opened and the pulse is released. Since the restart operation is performed in a state in which the stop resistor is disconnected, the pulse voltage is not attenuated by the pulse stop resistor, the restart is easily performed, and the restart performance immediately after the light is turned off can be improved.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments will be described. FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter according to the present invention. Components identical or corresponding to those in the conventional example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals. It shows. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a 700 W metal halide lamp arc tube. Main electrodes 2a and 2b are attached to both ends of a quartz glass tube having an internal volume of about 40 cc, and an auxiliary electrode 3 is sealed close to one main electrode 2a. In addition, about 2600 Pa of argon gas as a starting auxiliary gas, about 65 mg of mercury, and about 60 mg of scandium and sodium iodide as metal halides are enclosed inside. Connected between the auxiliary electrode 3 and the opposing main electrode 2a is a starting auxiliary circuit in which a starting auxiliary resistor 4 of 100 kΩ and a first bimetal switch 5 which is normally closed (open when the lamp is lit) are connected in series. Yes. In addition, a series circuit of a disk-shaped nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6, a current damper 7, and a semiconductor switch 8 made of an SSS element having a breakover voltage of about 170 V is parallel to the arc tube 1 via the first bimetal switch 5. In addition, in parallel with the series circuit of these nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6, current damper 7 and semiconductor switch 8, a pulse stop of 15 kΩ (1/4 W standard) for heating the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6 to the Curie temperature Is connected to the series circuit of the second bimetal switch 12 that is normally closed (open when the lamp is lit) and the resistor 13 for preventing deterioration of the 100 kΩ (1/4 W standard) nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6 A 55 kΩ phase stabilization resistor 9 is connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 8.
[0015]
As the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6, a metal electrode film having a diameter of 16 mm is formed on both surfaces of a ferroelectric ceramic substrate mainly composed of barium titanate having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm, and a pin-like shape is formed at the center of both surfaces of the substrate. A protrusion formed by welding a terminal lead is used, and the distance between the terminal lead of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6 and the end of the pulse stopping resistor 10 is 3 mm, and the welding point of the terminal lead and the pulse The distance from the lead of the stopping resistor 10 is set to 4 mm. Then, each of the above components is housed in the outer sphere 11 as in the conventional case, and immediately after the lamp is extinguished, a period in which the nonlinear ceramic capacitor is in a temperature state where the pulse voltage necessary for restarting the lamp cannot be supplied. the (off after 0-15 minutes), and the first bimetal switch 5 before the second bimetal switch 12 is closed is closed, restart in a state where the pulse stop generating resistor 10 is disconnected The operation characteristics of the first and second bimetal switches 5 and 12 are set so that the operation is performed, thereby forming a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter.
[0016]
When the metal halide lamp thus configured is turned on by turning on the AC power supply 22 of 200 V and 50 Hz via the 700 W mercury lamp ballast 21, the first and second bimetal switches 5 and 12 are Both are closed, and the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 is not yet heated by the pulse stopping resistor 10 or the arc tube 1, and generates a high pulse voltage and stops the pulse as in the conventional example shown in FIG. Although the pulse voltage is slightly reduced by the resistor 10, the starting lighting can be easily performed.
[0017]
In the case of an inconsistent state at the time of starting, the temperature of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6 reaches the Curie temperature in a short time due to the heat generated by the pulse stopping resistor 10 disposed close to the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6. Generation of the high-pressure pulse can be stopped in a short time.
[0018]
In addition, during the period (0 to 15 minutes after the light is turned off ) that the nonlinear ceramic capacitor is in a temperature state in which the nonlinear ceramic capacitor cannot supply the pulse voltage necessary for restarting the lamp , The bimetal switches 5 and 12 operate in the following order to restart the lamp.
(1) When the power is turned on again immediately after the lamp is turned off, the first bimetal switch 5 is first closed as the lamp cools, and the auxiliary electrode 3 and the main electrode 2a disposed close to the auxiliary electrode 3 in the arc tube 1. Discharge occurs between
(2) Since the pulse stopping resistor 10 is disconnected by opening the second bimetal switch 12, the non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 cools to 90 ° C. or less over time as the arc tube cools (approximately 9 minutes after the light is turned off) ), Recovering the non-linear characteristics and generating a pulse voltage (about 500V).
(3) The arc tube 1 also cools with time, and the pulse voltage required for restart becomes smaller.
(4) The non-linear ceramic capacitor 6 further cools with time, the generated pulse voltage rises, reaches the pulse voltage necessary for restart, and the lamp restarts.
(5) The second bimetal switch 12 receives the heat of the restarted arc tube and continues to be in an open state, and continues to be in a state in which the pulse stopping resistor 10 is disconnected.
[0019]
Next, the starter portion of the metal halide lamp having the configuration shown in the above embodiment, that is, the first bimetal switch 5, the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 6, the current damper 7, the semiconductor switch 8, the phase stabilizing resistor 9, and the pulse A starter part consisting of a resistor 10 for stopping, a second bimetal switch 12, and a resistor 13 for preventing deterioration is held in a container in a nitrogen gas atmosphere assuming the inside of an outer sphere, and is stable for a 700W mercury discharge lamp. The pulse stop function when 200V, 50Hz AC voltage was applied through the detector was measured, and both the experimental starters maintained the closed state of the first and second bimetal switches, generating pulses. As for the time to stop, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained, and it was confirmed that all the numbers functioned normally.
[0020]
[Table 1]

[0021]
In addition, when 20 metal halide lamps having the configuration shown in the above embodiment were prototyped and the restart time immediately after the lamp was turned off was measured, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained. Has been confirmed to have good restart performance immediately after the light is turned off .
[0022]
[Table 2]

[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above based on the embodiment, according to the present invention, the temperature of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor can be heated to the Curie temperature in the metal halide lamp including the starter including the nonlinear ceramic capacitor having the pulse stop function. Since the pulse stop resistor is connected via the second bimetal switch, and the pulse stop resistor is disconnected by the second bimetal switch, the restart operation is performed immediately after the light is turned off . In addition, it is possible to improve the restart performance immediately after the light is turned off while maintaining the pulse stop function at the normal start.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a configuration example of a metal halide lamp including a starter having a conventional nonlinear ceramic capacitor.
FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a conventional metal halide lamp improved from the conventional example shown in FIG. 2;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Light-emitting tube 2a, 2b Main electrode 3 Auxiliary electrode 4 Starting auxiliary resistor 5 1st bimetallic switch 6 Nonlinear ceramic capacitor 7 Current damper 8 Semiconductor switch 9 Phase stabilization resistor
10 Pulse stop resistor
11 outer ball
12 Second bimetal switch
13 Non-linear ceramic capacitor deterioration prevention resistor
21 Ballast
22 AC power supply

Claims (1)

A light emission formed by sealing first and second main electrodes at the end of a quartz tube and an auxiliary electrode at least close to the second main electrode, and enclosing a metal halide together with a starting auxiliary gas inside. A start circuit connected between the first and second main electrodes of the arc tube, and a first bimetal switch comprising: a tube; at least a first bimetal switch connected in series; a nonlinear ceramic capacitor; and a semiconductor switch. A starting auxiliary resistor connected between the connection point of the non-linear ceramic capacitor and the auxiliary electrode, and a pulse stopping resistor capable of heating the temperature of the non-linear ceramic capacitor connected in parallel to at least the non-linear ceramic capacitor to the Curie temperature A series circuit of a second bimetal switch and at least the non-linear ceramic capacitor connected in parallel The deterioration preventing resistor of the ceramic capacitor is housed in an outer sphere encapsulating an inert gas, and the first and second bimetal switches are closed at start-up and opened at lighting. During the period when the nonlinear ceramic capacitor is in a temperature state where it cannot supply the pulse voltage necessary for lamp restart (0 to 15 minutes after the light is turned off ) , the first bimetal switch is connected to the second bimetal switch. A metal halide lamp with a built-in starter, which is configured to be closed before being closed and restarted in a state where the pulse stopping resistor is disconnected.

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