JP3797532B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3797532B2
JP3797532B2 JP2000002126A JP2000002126A JP3797532B2 JP 3797532 B2 JP3797532 B2 JP 3797532B2 JP 2000002126 A JP2000002126 A JP 2000002126A JP 2000002126 A JP2000002126 A JP 2000002126A JP 3797532 B2 JP3797532 B2 JP 3797532B2
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JP2001194814A (en
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彰彦 松山
達也 久保田
建彦 木下
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被塗布基体に塗膜を形成するための浸漬塗布装置に関する。
さらに詳しくは、塗膜の均一性を向上させる浸漬塗布装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
本発明は、電子写真感光体の製造装置に関するものであり、詳しくは基体周辺の空気の流れを抑制する通気性カバーが基体及び基体保持装置と共に具備されており、均一な感光塗膜を得ることができる製造装置に関する。
電子写真感光体は、ドラム状の感光基体の周面に感光体材料を塗布して製造される。そして、その塗布法としては、通常、感光体材料の塗布液を収容した容器(浸漬塗布槽)と感光基体とを相対移動させて感光基体を塗布液中に浸漬させたのち引上げ、次いで、引上げた感光基体を静止させて自然乾燥(指触乾燥)し、その後オーブン等で完全に乾燥させることが採用される。
そして、感光塗膜の厚さが均一な電子写真感光体を短時間で製造するため、塗布液の溶媒としては、通常、速乾性の溶媒が用いられる。
【0003】
ところで、速乾性の溶媒を用いた場合、塗布液の乾燥速度を速めて短時間で固化を行なうことができるが、浸漬後、引上げから指触乾燥するまでの間、周囲の微弱な空気流でも、それにより発生した溶媒蒸気の流れが、形成される感光塗膜に厚さムラを与える。
このような感光体を用いた場合、画像ムラ、白ぬけ、トナー付着による地肌汚れといった問題を発生させる原因となる。そこでこれを回避するための技術が提案されている。
【0004】
例えば特開昭59−42060号公報には、浸漬塗布容器の上に下端部周囲に開孔を設けた筒状フードを設け、遮風と蒸発溶剤の希釈を行なうことでブラッシングを防止することが記載されている。
【0005】
また、特開昭63−7873号公報には、伸縮フードを基体保持装置に設置し、基体をフードで覆いながら浸漬塗布することが記載されている。このとき、フード内部に空気を流して溶剤の乾燥を速めることでブラッシングを防止する。
【0006】
また、特開昭60−110378号公報には、孔を開けた円筒状フードを設けることで、フード内部の蒸気濃度を調整することが記載されている。溶媒蒸気濃度を式で規定している。
【0007】
また、特開平7−104488号公報には、伸縮または上下に移動可能なフードを基体保持装置に設置し、基体をフードで覆いながら浸漬塗布することが記載されている。基体に対するフードの大きさを規定している。
【0008】
また、特許第2690801号明細書には、塗布液のタレや風の影響による膜厚不均一を避けるため、筒状フード(風防)を基体と連動させ引上げることが記載されている。フードは上下に開口をもつ通気筒状である。
【0009】
また、特許第2889513号明細書には、浸漬塗布容器の上に遮風フードを設け、遮風フードと塗布容器との間に蒸気排出用の隙間を設けることで、膜厚ムラを防止することが記載されている。
【0010】
従来技術では、前記のようにフード内部の溶剤蒸気を排出する手段として、側面に開けた穴から、フード下の側面から排出することが提案されている。しかし、これでは風が穴から吹き込み、直接塗膜に当たるため膜厚ムラになるという不具合点がある。
【0011】
特開昭63−7873号公報記載の技術では、フード上部から下部に向けて風を流す方法を取っているが、流した風がかえって塗膜を乱すという不具合点がある。
【0012】
特開平7−104488号公報記載の技術では、フードの大きさを規定して蒸気濃度を調節しようというものであるが、蒸気を外に逃がさないと濃度が上がりすぎて塗膜のタレが発生してしまうという不具合点がある。
【0013】
特許第2889513号明細書のように、フードを塗工槽の上に設置して蒸気を下方向に排出する方法も提案されているが、フードの外に基体が出てしまうと風の影響を受けて塗膜ムラになるという不具合点がある。
【0014】
特許第2690801号明細書記載の技術は、蒸気をフードの下から排出する構造になっているが、塗工槽装置よりも広くて基体よりも高いフードが必要になるため、設備は大きくなり、コスト高になるという不具合点がある。
【0015】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、特別な装置を用いることなく、上記問題も解消し、かつ、気流によるムラの発生を抑制できる、電子写真感光体の製造装置を提供することにある。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題は、本発明の、「感光体基体に浸漬塗布にて感光層を形成する製造装置であって、基体周辺の空気の流れを抑制する2個以上のカバー部材を連結した伸縮性フード内で基体が浸漬塗布され、この伸縮性フードが基体の周面を覆うように基体あるいは基体保持装置と共に具備されている製造装置において、上記伸縮性フードのフード部材の連結部に浸漬塗布中に蒸発する溶剤蒸気を下方向へ排出可能な通気口が設けてあり、かつフード外部からの水平方向の風が上記通気口を通して直接基体に当たらない構造であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造装置。」により達成される。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の装置は、基体周辺の空気の流れを抑制する伸縮性フードが基体あるいは基体保持装置に具備されており、基体と連動して動くものである。本発明の装置によって基体は塗布液に浸漬後、引上げから指触乾燥(塗膜が流動せずセッティング)するまでの間、フードにより直接の風を受けず、かつ、フード内の塗布溶剤蒸気も適度に外に放出されるため、タレもなく、均一な塗膜が得られる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を図面に基いて詳細に説明する。
図1は装置の一つの参考例を模式的に示したものであり、図1−aは塗布後の指触乾燥の状態を、図1−bは基体を浸漬した状態を示している。ここで伸縮性フード(1)は基体(3)を覆う形で、かつ、基体と連動して動くように、支持部材(2)で固定されており、昇降モーター(5)の起動により、昇降ネジ(4)を介して上下に作動し、基体(3)は塗工槽(6)に入った塗布液(7)に浸漬した後、引上げられる。基体(3)を浸漬する際に伸縮性フードの下端が塗工槽開口蓋(8)に接すると、一つ上のフード部材の内側、あるいは外側に重なり合う形で縮む構造になっている。
【0019】
伸縮性フードは、アルミ、ステンレス等の耐溶剤性、耐蝕性のある金属、ナイロン、テフロン、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等、耐溶剤性のあるプラスチック類、ガラスなどを用いて作成することができる。また、フードは基体と同じ円筒状が好ましいが、4角形、6角形等の多角形で構成されていても構わないし、図では1本の基体をカバーしているだけだが、多数本を一つのフードでカバーすることも可能である。
【0020】
図2は装置の他の参考例を模式的に示したものであり、塗布液に漬けた基体を引き上げながら塗膜を形成している状態である。フードと塗工槽開口蓋との間には高さ(L1)の隙間があり、フードと基体の間に水平方向の風を防ぐためのカバー部材(9)が設置されている。カバー部材(9)の高さは(L2)であり、L1≦L2を満たしている。このカバー部材(9)は塗工槽開口蓋側に設置されていてもよいし、フードの下端に設置されていても構わない。一般的に空気よりも重い溶剤蒸気(A)は、自然にフードとカバー部材(9)の間を通って排出される。
【0021】
図3は本発明の装置の1例を模式的に示したものである。フードの連結部(10)はカギ状になっていて上下のフードをつなぐ構造になっている。基体上の塗布膜から蒸発した溶剤蒸気(A)はこの連結部の通気口から自然に排出される。
【0022】
図4は装置の更に他の参考例を模式的に示したものである。フード側面に下方向に通気口(11)をもつ突起、あるいは窪みから溶剤蒸気(A)を自然に排出することができる。
【0023】
ここで使用される円筒状基体としては、アルミニウム、銅、鉄、亜鉛、ニッケルなどの金属のドラム及びシート、紙、プラスチック又はガラス上にアルミニウム、銅、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、チタン、ニッケル−クロム、ステンレス、銅−インジウムなどの金属を蒸着するか、酸化インジウム、酸化錫などの導電性金属酸化物を蒸着するか、金属箔をラミネートするか、又はカーボンブラック、酸化インジウム、酸化錫−酸化アンチモン粉、金属粉、ヨウ化銅などを結着樹脂に分散し、塗布することによっても導電処理したドラム状、シート状、プレート状のものなど、公知の材料を用いることができるが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0024】
更に、必要に応じて導電性支持体の表面は、画質に影響のない範囲で各種の処理を行なうことができる。例えば、表面の酸化処理、薬品処理、着色処理等を行なうことができる。また、導電性支持体と電荷発生層の間に更に下引き層を設けることができるが、この下引き層は帯電時において、積層構造からなる感光層における導電性支持体から感光層への電荷の注入を阻止するとともに、感光層を導電性支持体に対して一体的に接着保持せしめる接着層としての作用、或いは導電性支持体からの反射光の防止作用等を示す。この下引き層に用いる樹脂は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド樹脂、塩化ビニリデン樹脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、水溶性ポリエステル、ニトロセルロース又はカゼイン、ゼラチンなど公知な樹脂を用いることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、下引き層の厚みは0.01〜10μm、好ましくは0.3〜7μmが適当である。下引き層を設けたときに用いる塗布方法としては、ブレードコーティング法、ワイヤーバーコーティング法、スプレーコーティング法、浸漬コーティング法、ビードコーティング法、エアーナイフコーティング法、カーテンコーティング法などの通常の方法が挙げられる。
【0025】
電荷発生層(キャリア発生層)は例えばモノアゾ色素、ジスアゾ色素、トリスアゾ色素などのアゾ系色素、ペリレン酸無水物、ペリレン酸イミドなどのペリレン系色素、インジゴ、チオインジゴなどのインジゴ系色素、アンスラキノン、ピレンキノン及びフラパンスロン類などの多環キノン類、キナクリドン系色素、ビスベンゾイミダゾール系色素、インダスロン系色素、スクエアリウム系色素、金属フタロシアニン、無金属フタロシアニンなどのフタロシアニン系顔料、ピリリウム塩色素、チアピリリウム塩色素とポリカーボネートから形成される共晶錯体等、公知各種の電荷発生物質(キャリア発生物質)を適当なバインダー樹脂及び必要により電荷輸送物質(キャリア輸送物質)と共に溶媒中に溶解或いは分散し、塗布することによって形成することができる。
【0026】
電荷発生物質を樹脂中に分散させる方法としてはボールミル分散法、アトライター分散法、サンドミル分散法などを用いることができる。この際、電荷発生物質は、体積平均粒径で5μm以下、好ましくは2μm以下、最適には0.5μm以下の粒子サイズにすることが有効である。これらの分散に用いる溶剤として、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、n−ブタノール、ベンジルアルコール、メチルセルソルブ、エチルセルソルブ、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソプロピルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸メチル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、メチレンクロライド、クロロホルム1,2−ジクロロエタン、モノクロロベンゼン、キシレンなどの通常の有機溶剤を単独或いは2種類以上混合して用いることができる。
【0027】
本発明で用いる電荷発生層の膜厚は、一般的には0.1〜5μm、好ましくは0.2〜2μmが適当である。
【0028】
本発明の電子写真感光体における電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送物質を適当なバインダー中含有させて形成される。電荷輸送物質としては、2,5−ビス(p−ジエチルアミノフェニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾールなどのオキサジアゾール誘導体、1,3,5−トリフェニル−ピラゾリン、1−〔ピリジル−(2)〕−3−(p−ジエチルアミノスチリル)−5−(p−ジエチルアミノフェニル)ピラゾリンなどのピラゾリン誘導体、トリフェニルアミン、スチリルトリフェニルアミン、ジベンジルアニリンなどの芳香族、第3級アミノ化合物、N,N’−ジフェニル−N,N’−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミンなどの芳香族第3級ジアミノ化合物、3−(4’−ジメチルアミノフェニル)−5,6−ジ−(4’−メトキシフェニル)−1,2,4−トリアジンなどの1,2,4−トリアジン誘導体、4−ジエチルアミノベンズアルデヒド−1,1−ジフェニルヒドラゾンなどのヒドラゾン誘導体、2−フェニル−4−スチリル−キナゾリンなどのキナゾリン誘導体、6−ヒドロキシ−2,3−ジ(p−メトキシフェニル)−ベンゾフランなどのベンゾフラン誘導体、p−(2,2−ジフェニルビニル)−N,N−ジフェニルアニリンなどのα−スチルベン誘導体、“Journal of Imaging Science”29:7〜10(1985)に記載されているエナミン誘導体、N−エチルカルバゾールなどのカルバゾール誘導体、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾールなどのポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール及びその誘導体、ポリ−γ−カルバゾリルエチルグルタナート及びその誘導体、更にはピレン、ポリビニルピレン、ポリビニルアントラセン、ポリビニルアクリジン、ポリ−9−ビフェニルアントラセン、ピレン−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、エチルカルバゾールホルムアルデヒド樹脂などの公知の電荷輸送物質を用いることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、これらの電荷輸送物質は単独或いは2種以上混合して用いることができる。
【0029】
更に、電荷輸送層における結着樹脂としては、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニリデン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアセテート樹脂、ブチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、塩化ビニリデン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体、シリコーン樹脂、シリコーン−アルキッド樹脂、フェノール−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、スチレン−アルキッド樹脂、ポリ−Nビニルカルバゾールなどの公知の樹脂を用いることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、これらの結着樹脂は単独或いは2種以上混合して用いることができる。
【0030】
電荷輸送材料と結着樹脂との配合比(重量比)は10:1〜1:5が好ましい。本発明で用いる電荷輸送層の膜厚は一般的には5〜50μm、好ましくは10〜30μmが適当である。
【0031】
更に、電荷輸送層を設ける際に用いる溶剤としては、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、クロルベンゼンなどの芳香族系炭化水素類、アセトン、2−ブタノンなどのケトン類、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、塩化エチレンなどのハロゲン化脂肪族系炭化水素類、テトラヒドロフラン、エチルエーテルなどの環状若しくは直鎖状のエーテル類などの通常の有機溶剤を単独或いは2種類以上混合して用いることができる。
【0032】
【実施例】
下記に各液の処方を明記し、その液での実施例を挙げ本発明を詳細に説明する。
1.下引き層塗布液の形成
以下の材料を溶解して下引き層塗布液を調合した。
可溶性ナイロン(アラミンCM−8000、東レ製) 5重量部
メタノール 95重量部
【0033】
2.電荷発生層塗布液の作成
下記構造式(1)に示す電荷発生剤 10重量部
ポリビニルブチラール 7重量部
テトラヒドロフラン 145重量部
をボールミルに入れ、72時間ミリングした。更にシクロヘキサノン200重量部を加えて、1時間分散を行なった。分散を終了した液を更にシクロヘキサノンで希釈、調整し電荷発生層塗布液とした。
【0034】
【化1】

Figure 0003797532
【0035】
3.電荷輸送層塗布液の作成
下記構造式(2)に示す電荷輸送剤 7重量部
ポリカーボネート(パンライトC−1400、帝人化成製) 10重量部
ジクロロメタン 83重量部
を溶解して電荷輸送層塗布液を調合した。
【0036】
【化2】
Figure 0003797532
【0037】
外径60mm、長さ360mmのアルミニウム製の円筒状基体に、上で調合した下引き層塗布液を浸漬塗布し、100℃で10分間乾燥して、厚さ0.5μmの下引き層を形成した。次にこの上に電荷発生層(CGL)、電荷輸送層(CTL)を逐次浸漬塗布し積層感光体試料を作成した。なお、引き上げ速度は電荷発生層は乾燥膜厚0.2μm、電荷輸送層は25μmになるような条件で行なった。
【0038】
[実施例1・・・参考例
図2に模式的に示される装置に基き、下記の条件で下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次、浸漬塗布を行ない電子写真感光体を作成した。いずれの場合もフードの側面に通気口のないものを使用した。
下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層の3層を合わせた膜厚を渦電流式膜厚計フィッシャー560Cを用いて測定し、平坦部分の平均膜厚と平坦部分の膜厚バラツキ(R=max−min)を算出し、この感光体をコピーマシンに搭載して画像を出した結果を表1に示す。
[1−a]…L1=1mm、L2=3mm、カバー部材は塗工槽開口蓋上に設置。
[1−b]…L1=10mm、L2=12mm、カバー部材はフード下端に設置。
[1−c]…L1=50mm、L2=50mm、カバー部材は塗工槽開口蓋上に設置。
【0039】
【表1】
Figure 0003797532
【0040】
[実施例2]
図3に模式的に示される本発明の装置に基き、下記の条件で下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次、浸漬塗布を行ない電子写真感光体を作成した。いずれの場合もフードと塗工槽開口蓋との隙間はない状態(L1=0)で行なった。下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層の3層を合わせた膜厚を渦電流式膜厚計フィッシャー560Cを用いて測定し、平坦部分の平均膜厚と平坦部分の膜厚バラツキ(R=max−min)を算出し、この感光体をコピーマシンに搭載して画像を出した結果を表2に示す。
[2−a]…L3=4mm、連結部分の総面積の50%を蒸気通気口として開口。
[2−b]…L3=10mm、連結部分の総面積の80%を蒸気通気口として開口。
【0041】
【表2】
Figure 0003797532
【0042】
[実施例3・・・参考例
図4に模式的に示される装置に基き、下記の条件で下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次、浸漬塗布を行ない電子写真感光体を作成した。いずれの場合もフードと塗工槽開口蓋との隙間はない状態(L1=0)で行なった。下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層の3層を合わせた膜厚を渦電流式膜厚計フィッシャー560Cを用いて測定し、平坦部分の平均膜厚と平坦部分の膜厚バラツキ(R=max−min)を算出し、この感光体をコピーマシンに搭載して画像を出した結果を表3に示す。
[3−a]…L4=5mm、最上段のフード部材にのみ突起を設け蒸気通気口とした。
[3−b]…L4=2mm、最下端のフード部材にのみ窪みを設け蒸気通気口とした。
【0043】
【表3】
Figure 0003797532
【0044】
[比較例]
下記の条件で下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次、浸漬塗布を行ない電子写真感光体を作成した。下引層、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層の3層を合わせた膜厚を渦電流式膜厚計フィッシャー560Cを用いて測定し、平坦部分の平均膜厚と平坦部分の膜厚バラツキ(R=max−min)を算出し、この感光体をコピーマシンに搭載して画像を出した結果を表4に示す。
[4−a]…フード側面および、フード下端と塗工槽開口蓋の間に通気口がない。(L1=0、L3=0、L4=0)
[4−b]…フード側面面積の10%に、水平方向に貫通するφ10mmの穴を開けた。フード下端と塗工槽開口蓋の間に通気口がない。(L1=0)
【0045】
【表4】
Figure 0003797532
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細且つ具体的な説明から明らかなように、本発明は、電子写真感光体の製造装置において、伸縮自在のフードを用いているので装置がコンパクトに小さく仕上がり、浸漬塗布中および指触乾燥中に感光体基体に直接風が当たらないので、乾きムラによる膜厚の乱れを防ぐことができ、しかも、フード内に蒸発した溶剤蒸気を自然に排出することができるので、溶剤蒸気の充満による塗膜のタレを防止することができる。
特に、本発明の電子写真感光体の製造装置によれば、浸漬塗布中および指触乾燥中の感光体基体に直接風が当たらないので、膜厚の乱れによる画像ムラを防ぐことができ、しかも、フード内の蒸発した溶剤蒸気を自然に排出することができるので、塗膜のタレによる画像ムラを防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 置の一つの参考例を示す模式図である。
【図2】 置の他の参考例を示す模式図である。
【図3】 本発明の装置の一例を示す模式図である。
【図4】 置の更に他の参考例を示す模式図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dip coating apparatus for forming a coating film on a substrate to be coated.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a dip coating apparatus that improves the uniformity of a coating film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more particularly, a breathable cover that suppresses air flow around the substrate is provided together with the substrate and the substrate holding device to obtain a uniform photosensitive coating film. It is related with the manufacturing apparatus which can do.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor is manufactured by applying a photoreceptor material to the peripheral surface of a drum-shaped photosensitive substrate. As the coating method, usually, the container (dip coating tank) containing the photosensitive material coating solution and the photosensitive substrate are moved relative to each other to immerse the photosensitive substrate in the coating solution, and then pulled up. The photosensitive substrate is allowed to stand still and air-dried (finger dry), and then completely dried in an oven or the like.
In order to produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a uniform photosensitive coating thickness in a short time, a fast-drying solvent is usually used as the solvent for the coating solution.
[0003]
By the way, when a fast-drying solvent is used, it is possible to solidify in a short time by increasing the drying speed of the coating solution. The flow of the solvent vapor generated thereby gives thickness unevenness to the formed photosensitive coating film.
When such a photoconductor is used, it may cause problems such as image unevenness, whitening, and background contamination due to toner adhesion. Therefore, techniques for avoiding this have been proposed.
[0004]
For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-42060, brushing can be prevented by providing a cylindrical hood having an opening around the lower end portion on a dip coating container, and performing wind shielding and diluting the evaporation solvent. Are listed.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-7873 describes that an extendable hood is installed in a substrate holding device, and dip coating is performed while the substrate is covered with the hood. At this time, brushing is prevented by flowing air inside the hood to speed up drying of the solvent.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-110378 describes that the vapor concentration inside the hood is adjusted by providing a cylindrical hood with a hole. The solvent vapor concentration is defined by an equation.
[0007]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-104488 describes that a hood that can be expanded or contracted or moved up and down is installed in a substrate holding device, and is applied by dipping while the substrate is covered with the hood. Defines the size of the hood relative to the substrate.
[0008]
In addition, Japanese Patent No. 2690801 describes that a cylindrical hood (windshield) is pulled up in conjunction with a base body in order to avoid film thickness non-uniformity due to sagging of coating liquid and wind. The hood is shaped like a cylinder with openings at the top and bottom.
[0009]
In addition, in Japanese Patent No. 2889513, a windshield hood is provided on a dip coating container, and a gap for discharging steam is provided between the windshield hood and the coating container to prevent film thickness unevenness. Is described.
[0010]
In the prior art, as a means for discharging the solvent vapor inside the hood as described above, it has been proposed to discharge from the side surface under the hood from the hole formed in the side surface. However, in this case, there is a problem that the film blows through the hole and directly hits the coating film, resulting in uneven film thickness.
[0011]
In the technique described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-7873, a method of flowing wind from the upper part of the hood toward the lower part is used. However, there is a problem that the flow of wind changes and disturbs the coating film.
[0012]
In the technique described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-104488, the vapor concentration is regulated by regulating the size of the hood. However, if the vapor is not allowed to escape outside, the concentration will increase too much and the coating will sag. There is a problem that it ends up.
[0013]
As in the specification of Japanese Patent No. 2889513, there is also proposed a method in which the hood is installed on the coating tank and the steam is discharged downward. However, if the substrate comes out of the hood, the influence of the wind is affected. There is a defect that the coating film becomes uneven.
[0014]
The technology described in Japanese Patent No. 2690801 is structured to discharge steam from under the hood, but requires a hood that is wider than the coating tank device and higher than the base body, so the equipment becomes large, There is a problem that the cost is high.
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can solve the above-described problems and suppress the occurrence of unevenness due to airflow without using a special apparatus in view of the above-described problems of the prior art. There is to do.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Above problems, the present invention, "a photoreceptor a manufacturing apparatus for forming a photosensitive layer by dip coating to a substrate, elasticity hood formed by connecting two or more of the cover member to suppress the flow of air around the substrate In the manufacturing apparatus in which the substrate is dipped and coated, and this stretchable hood is provided together with the substrate or the substrate holding device so as to cover the peripheral surface of the substrate, it evaporates during the dip coating on the connecting portion of the hood member of the stretchable hood. An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by having a structure in which a vent hole capable of discharging the solvent vapor to the lower side is provided and horizontal air from outside the hood does not directly hit the substrate through the vent hole apparatus. more is achieved. "
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the apparatus of the present invention, a stretchable hood that suppresses the flow of air around the substrate is provided in the substrate or the substrate holding device, and moves in conjunction with the substrate. With the apparatus of the present invention, after the substrate is immersed in the coating solution, it is not subjected to direct wind by the hood during the period from pulling up to drying with the touch (the coating film does not flow), and the coating solvent vapor in the hood also Since it is released to the outside appropriately, a uniform coating film is obtained without sagging.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows one reference example of the apparatus. FIG. 1A shows a dry state after touching, and FIG. 1B shows a state where a substrate is immersed. Here, the stretchable hood (1) covers the base body (3) and is fixed by the support member (2) so as to move in conjunction with the base body. It moves up and down via the screw (4), and the substrate (3) is pulled up after being immersed in the coating solution (7) contained in the coating tank (6). When the lower end of the stretchable hood comes into contact with the coating tank opening lid (8) when the base body (3) is immersed, the structure shrinks in a form overlapping with the inside or the outside of the upper hood member.
[0019]
The stretchable hood can be made using solvent-resistant and corrosion-resistant metals such as aluminum and stainless steel, nylon, Teflon, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and other plastics having resistance to solvents, glass, and the like. The hood preferably has the same cylindrical shape as the base, but it may be formed in a polygonal shape such as a quadrangular shape or a hexagonal shape. In the figure, only one base is covered. It is also possible to cover with a hood.
[0020]
Figure 2 is intended to another reference example of equipment schematically showing a state in which to form a coating film while pulling up the soaked substrates in the coating solution. There is a gap of height (L1) between the hood and the coating tank opening lid, and a cover member (9) is installed between the hood and the base to prevent horizontal wind. The height of the cover member (9) is (L2) and satisfies L1 ≦ L2. This cover member (9) may be installed on the coating tank opening lid side, or may be installed on the lower end of the hood. In general, the solvent vapor (A) heavier than air is naturally exhausted between the hood and the cover member (9).
[0021]
FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of the apparatus of the present invention . The connecting portion (10) of the hood is key-shaped and has a structure that connects the upper and lower hoods. The solvent vapor (A) evaporated from the coating film on the substrate is naturally discharged from the vent of this connecting portion.
[0022]
Figure 4 is intended to still another reference example of equipment shown schematically. The solvent vapor (A) can be naturally discharged from a protrusion or depression having a vent (11) in the downward direction on the side surface of the hood.
[0023]
Cylindrical substrates used here include aluminum, copper, iron, zinc, nickel and other metal drums and sheets, paper, plastic or glass on aluminum, copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, titanium, nickel -Deposit metal such as chromium, stainless steel, copper-indium, deposit conductive metal oxide such as indium oxide and tin oxide, laminate metal foil, carbon black, indium oxide, tin oxide- Known materials such as drum-like, sheet-like, and plate-like ones that are conductively treated can also be used by dispersing and applying antimony oxide powder, metal powder, copper iodide, etc. in a binder resin. The invention is not limited to these examples.
[0024]
Furthermore, the surface of the conductive support can be subjected to various treatments within a range that does not affect the image quality, if necessary. For example, surface oxidation treatment, chemical treatment, coloring treatment, and the like can be performed. In addition, an undercoat layer can be further provided between the conductive support and the charge generation layer. When the undercoat layer is charged, the charge from the conductive support to the photosensitive layer in the photosensitive layer having a laminated structure is charged. In addition, the function as an adhesive layer for preventing the injection of the photosensitive layer and integrally holding the photosensitive layer to the conductive support, or the effect of preventing the reflected light from the conductive support, and the like are shown. The resin used for this undercoat layer is polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyamide resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyimide resin, chloride Known resins such as vinylidene resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble polyester, nitrocellulose or casein, and gelatin can be used, but are not limited thereto. The thickness of the undercoat layer is 0.01 to 10 μm, preferably 0.3 to 7 μm. Examples of the coating method used when the undercoat layer is provided include ordinary methods such as a blade coating method, a wire bar coating method, a spray coating method, a dip coating method, a bead coating method, an air knife coating method, and a curtain coating method. It is done.
[0025]
The charge generation layer (carrier generation layer) includes, for example, azo dyes such as monoazo dyes, disazo dyes and trisazo dyes, perylene dyes such as perylene acid anhydride and perylene imide, indigo dyes such as indigo and thioindigo, anthraquinone, Polycyclic quinones such as pyrenequinone and flavanthrone, quinacridone dyes, bisbenzimidazole dyes, indanthrone dyes, squalium dyes, metal phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanine and other phthalocyanine pigments, pyrylium salt dyes, thiapyrylium salt dyes Various known charge generating materials (carrier generating materials) such as eutectic complexes formed from polycarbonate and polycarbonate are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent together with an appropriate binder resin and, if necessary, a charge transporting material (carrier transporting material). By It can be formed.
[0026]
As a method for dispersing the charge generating material in the resin, a ball mill dispersion method, an attritor dispersion method, a sand mill dispersion method, or the like can be used. At this time, it is effective that the charge generation material has a volume average particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 2 μm or less, and most preferably 0.5 μm or less. As solvents used for these dispersions, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, dioxane, Ordinary organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform 1,2-dichloroethane, monochlorobenzene, and xylene can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
[0027]
The thickness of the charge generation layer used in the present invention is generally 0.1 to 5 μm, preferably 0.2 to 2 μm.
[0028]
The charge transport layer in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is formed by containing a charge transport material in a suitable binder. Examples of the charge transport material include oxadiazole derivatives such as 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,5-triphenyl-pyrazolin, 1- [pyridyl- (2)] Pyrazoline derivatives such as 3- (p-diethylaminostyryl) -5- (p-diethylaminophenyl) pyrazoline, aromatics such as triphenylamine, styryltriphenylamine and dibenzylaniline, tertiary amino compounds Aromatic tertiary diamino compounds such as N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine, 3- (4′-dimethyl) 1,2,4-triazine derivatives such as aminophenyl) -5,6-di- (4′-methoxyphenyl) -1,2,4-triazine, 4-diethyl Hydrazone derivatives such as minobenzaldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone, quinazoline derivatives such as 2-phenyl-4-styryl-quinazoline, benzofuran derivatives such as 6-hydroxy-2,3-di (p-methoxyphenyl) -benzofuran, α-stilbene derivatives such as p- (2,2-diphenylvinyl) -N, N-diphenylaniline, enamine derivatives described in “Journal of Imaging Science” 29: 7-10 (1985), N-ethylcarbazole Carbazole derivatives such as, poly-N-vinyl carbazole such as poly-N-vinyl carbazole and derivatives thereof, poly-γ-carbazolyl ethyl glutanate and derivatives thereof, and further pyrene, polyvinyl pyrene, polyvinyl anthracene, polyvinyl acridine, Poly-9-Biff Known charge transport materials such as anthracene, pyrene-formaldehyde resin, and ethylcarbazole formaldehyde resin can be used, but are not limited thereto. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0029]
Further, the binder resin in the charge transport layer includes polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, butylene-butadiene copolymer, vinylidene chloride. -Acrylonitrile copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer, silicone resin, silicone-alkyd resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, styrene-alkyd resin, poly-N vinyl Known resins such as carbazole can be used, but are not limited thereto. These binder resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0030]
The blending ratio (weight ratio) between the charge transport material and the binder resin is preferably 10: 1 to 1: 5. The thickness of the charge transport layer used in the present invention is generally 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 30 μm.
[0031]
Furthermore, as a solvent used when providing a charge transport layer, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene, ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, methylene chloride, chloroform and ethylene chloride are used. Ordinary organic solvents such as halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic or linear ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and ethyl ether can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
[0032]
【Example】
The prescription of each liquid is specified below, and the present invention will be described in detail by giving examples of the liquids.
1. Formation of undercoat layer coating solution The following materials were dissolved to prepare an undercoat layer coating solution.
Soluble nylon (Alamine CM-8000, manufactured by Toray) 5 parts by weight Methanol 95 parts by weight
2. Preparation of charge generation layer coating liquid Charge generation agent represented by the following structural formula (1) 10 parts by weight Polyvinyl butyral 7 parts by weight Tetrahydrofuran 145 parts by weight were placed in a ball mill and milled for 72 hours. Further, 200 parts by weight of cyclohexanone was added and dispersed for 1 hour. The dispersion-finished liquid was further diluted and adjusted with cyclohexanone to obtain a charge generation layer coating liquid.
[0034]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003797532
[0035]
3. Preparation of charge transport layer coating solution Charge transport agent represented by the following structural formula (2) 7 parts by weight polycarbonate (Panlite C-1400, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals) 10 parts by weight dichloromethane 83 parts by weight is dissolved to form a charge transport layer coating solution. Prepared.
[0036]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003797532
[0037]
The undercoat layer coating solution prepared above is dip-coated on an aluminum cylindrical substrate having an outer diameter of 60 mm and a length of 360 mm, and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm. did. Next, a charge generation layer (CGL) and a charge transport layer (CTL) were sequentially dipped on the substrate to prepare a laminated photoreceptor sample. The pulling speed was adjusted so that the charge generation layer had a dry film thickness of 0.2 μm and the charge transport layer had a thickness of 25 μm.
[0038]
[Example 1 ... Reference Example ]
Based on the apparatus schematically shown in FIG. 2, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer were sequentially dip coated under the following conditions to prepare an electrophotographic photoreceptor. In either case, the side of the hood without vents was used.
The total thickness of the undercoat layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transport layer was measured using an eddy current film thickness meter Fischer 560C, and the average thickness of the flat portion and the thickness variation of the flat portion (R = Table 1 shows the result of calculating the maximum-min) and mounting the photoconductor on a copy machine to produce an image.
[1-a] ... L1 = 1 mm, L2 = 3 mm, the cover member is installed on the coating tank opening lid.
[1-b] ... L1 = 10 mm, L2 = 12 mm, the cover member is installed at the lower end of the hood.
[1-c] ... L1 = 50 mm, L2 = 50 mm, the cover member is installed on the coating tank opening lid.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003797532
[0040]
[Example 2]
Based on the apparatus of the present invention schematically shown in FIG. 3, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer were sequentially dip coated under the following conditions to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor. In either case, the test was performed in a state where there was no gap between the hood and the coating tank opening lid (L1 = 0). The total thickness of the undercoat layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transport layer was measured using an eddy current film thickness meter Fischer 560C, and the average thickness of the flat portion and the thickness variation of the flat portion (R = Table 2 shows the results obtained by calculating max-min) and mounting the photoconductor on a copy machine to produce an image.
[2-a] ... L3 = 4 mm, 50% of the total area of the connecting portion is opened as a steam vent.
[2-b] ... L3 = 10 mm, 80% of the total area of the connecting portion is opened as a steam vent.
[0041]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003797532
[0042]
[Example 3 ... Reference Example ]
Based on the apparatus schematically shown in FIG. 4, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer were sequentially applied by dip coating under the following conditions to prepare an electrophotographic photoreceptor. In either case, the test was performed in a state where there was no gap between the hood and the coating tank opening lid (L1 = 0). The total thickness of the undercoat layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transport layer was measured using an eddy current film thickness meter Fischer 560C, and the average thickness of the flat portion and the thickness variation of the flat portion (R = Table 3 shows the results obtained by calculating (max-min) and mounting the photoconductor on a copy machine to produce an image.
[3-a]... L4 = 5 mm, a protrusion was provided only on the uppermost hood member to form a steam vent.
[3-b]... L4 = 2 mm, a recess was provided only in the lowermost hood member to form a steam vent.
[0043]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003797532
[0044]
[Comparative example]
An undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer were sequentially dip-coated under the following conditions to prepare an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The total thickness of the undercoat layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transport layer was measured using an eddy current film thickness meter Fischer 560C, and the average thickness of the flat portion and the thickness variation of the flat portion (R = Table 4 shows the results obtained by calculating (max-min) and mounting the photoconductor on a copy machine to produce an image.
[4-a] ... There is no vent hole between the hood side surface and between the hood lower end and the coating tank opening lid. (L1 = 0, L3 = 0, L4 = 0)
[4-b] ... A hole of φ10 mm penetrating in the horizontal direction was formed in 10% of the side surface area of the hood. There is no vent between the bottom of the hood and the coating tank opening lid. (L1 = 0)
[0045]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003797532
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
Above, as apparent from the detailed and concrete description, the present invention is Te manufacturing apparatus smell of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, apparatus finish small compact because of the use of telescoping hood, immersion coating and Yubisawa Since the wind does not directly hit the photoconductor substrate during drying, it is possible to prevent disturbance of the film thickness due to uneven drying, and the solvent vapor evaporated in the hood can be discharged naturally, so that the solvent vapor is filled. It is possible to prevent sagging of the coating film due to.
In particular, according to the electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, since the wind is not directly applied to the photoreceptor substrate during dip coating and touch drying, image unevenness due to film thickness disturbance can be prevented, and , it is possible to discharge the evaporated solvent vapor in the hood naturally Ru can prevent image unevenness due to sagging of the coating film.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a schematic view showing one of the reference example of equipment.
2 is a schematic diagram showing another reference example of equipment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of the apparatus of the present invention.
4 is a schematic view showing still another reference example of equipment.

Claims (1)

感光体基体に浸漬塗布にて感光層を形成する製造装置であって、基体周辺の空気の流れを抑制する2個以上のカバー部材を連結した伸縮性フード内で基体が浸漬塗布され、この伸縮性フードが基体の周面を覆うように基体あるいは基体保持装置と共に具備されている製造装置において、上記伸縮性フードのフード部材の連結部に浸漬塗布中に蒸発する溶剤蒸気を下方向へ排出可能な通気口が設けてあり、かつフード外部からの水平方向の風が上記通気口を通して直接基体に当たらない構造であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造装置。A manufacturing apparatus for forming a photosensitive layer on a photosensitive substrate by dip coating, wherein the substrate is dip coated in a stretchable hood connected with two or more cover members that suppress the flow of air around the substrate. In a manufacturing device equipped with a substrate or substrate holding device so that the hood covers the peripheral surface of the substrate, solvent vapor that evaporates during dip coating can be discharged downward in the connecting portion of the hood member of the stretchable hood An apparatus for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, characterized in that a ventilation hole is provided and horizontal wind from the outside of the hood does not directly hit the substrate through the ventilation hole .
JP2000002126A 2000-01-11 2000-01-11 Electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3797532B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2161622A2 (en) 2008-09-09 2010-03-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and process for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4494513B2 (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-06-30 キヤノン株式会社 Immersion coating method and method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2161622A2 (en) 2008-09-09 2010-03-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and process for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member
US8783209B2 (en) 2008-09-09 2014-07-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and process for producing electrophotographic phhotosensitive member

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