JP3796774B2 - Method for producing enal using alkaline earth metal oxide - Google Patents
Method for producing enal using alkaline earth metal oxide Download PDFInfo
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はアセトアルデヒドと飽和アルデヒドとから合成するクロトンアルデヒドなどの直鎖不飽和アルデヒドの製造方法に関する。
詳しくはアセトアルデヒドと飽和アルデヒドとのクロスアルドール縮合につゞいて脱水反応により直鎖不飽和アルデヒドを選択性よく製造する方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
直鎖不飽和アルデヒドを製造する場合には、一般にはアセトアルデヒドと飽和アルデヒドを、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液のような塩基触媒を用いて、いわゆるクロスアルドール縮合を行いアルドールを生成させた後、引き続き脱水反応を行い、生成した不飽和アルデヒドなどを蒸留などの分離精製操作を施して、製品として収得する。
【０００３】
このクロスアルドール縮合と脱水反応は、たとえばアセトアルデヒドとブチルアルデヒドとを水酸化ナトリウムのような塩基触媒を用いてつぎのようになる。
【化１】
すなわち、クロトンアルデヒド、ヘキセナールのような直鎖不飽和アルデヒド以外に分岐鎖不飽和アルデヒドである２−エチル−２−ブテナール、２−エチル−２−ヘキセナールも生成する。直鎖不飽和アルデヒドの選択率をあげる目的でブチルアルデヒドに対するアセトアルデヒドのモル比を大きくするとクロトンアルデヒドの選択率は向上するがヘキセナールの選択率が向上せず、直鎖不飽和アルデヒドの選択率が高い製造法が望まれる。
しかも水酸化ナトリウム水溶液のような塩基触媒を用いて反応を行う場合、反応の終了後に残留する含有機物水酸化ナトリウム水溶液などを廃液として処分する時に、水酸化ナトリウムなどの中和のみならず、廃水の活性汚泥処理のような多大な費用を要する操作を余儀なくされるというような不都合も生じる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、アセトアルデヒドと飽和アルデヒドから直鎖不飽和アルデヒドを選択性よく製造する方法を提供することである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らはクロスアルドール反応の触媒として固体塩基が有効であることに着目して、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、アセトアルデヒドと特定の飽和アルデヒドとをアルカリ土類金属酸化物、水もしくはジメチルスルホキシド極性溶媒の存在下でクロスアルドール縮合を行うことにより、クロトンアルデヒドなどの直鎖不飽和アルデヒドを選択性よく得る方法を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【０００７】
本発明の直鎖不飽和アルデヒドの製造方法は、
式（Ｉ）
ＭＯ ……（Ｉ）
（式中、ＭはＣａ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａを表す）
で表されるアルカリ土類金属酸化物を含む触媒、および極性溶媒の存在下、
式（II）
ＣＨ3ＣＨＯ ……（II）
で表されるアセトアルデヒドと
式（III）
Ｒ1−ＣＨ2−ＣＨＯ ……（III）
で表される飽和アルデヒドとのクロスアルドール縮合反応、つゞいて脱水反応によって
式（IV）
ＣＨ3−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−ＣＨＯ ……（IV）
で表されるクロトンアルデヒドおよび
式（Ｖ）
Ｒ1−ＣＨ2−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−ＣＨＯ ……（Ｖ）
〔（III)〜（Ｖ）式中、Ｒ1は炭素数１〜６の直鎖アルキル基を表わす〕
で表される直鎖不飽和アルデヒドを選択性良く合成することを特徴とする。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の製造方法は次式で示され、式（VI）および（VII）で示される分岐鎖不飽和アルデヒドが副生する。
【化２】
【０００９】
本発明の製造方法におけるアルドール縮合反応は、所定のアルデヒドに極性溶媒を添加混合し、つづいて触媒を加えて行なう。このクロスアルドール縮合の反応温度は特に限定されないが、好ましくは−２０〜１００℃、さらに好ましくは０〜７０℃の範囲である。また、引き続いて行う脱水反応における反応温度も特に限定されさないが、好ましくは５０〜２００℃、さらに好ましくは８０〜１５０℃の範囲である。
【００１０】
本発明の製造方法における式（III）で表される飽和アルデヒドとしては、プロピオンアルデヒド、ｎ−ブチルアルデヒド、ｎ−バレルアルデヒド、ｎ−ヘキシルアルデヒド、ｎ−ヘプチルアルデヒド、ｎ−オクチルアルデヒドが挙げられる。
【００１１】
本発明の製造方法において用いる極性溶媒としては、水、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシドなどが好ましく用いられる。原料のアルデヒド全量に対して５〜７０mole％、好ましくは１０〜６０mole％である。必要であればメタノール、エタノール、ｉ−ブタノールなどのアルコール類、ジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールなどのエーテル類、アセトニトリル、Ｎ−メチルホルムアミドなどの極性溶媒類を用いることができる。
脱水反応では特に溶媒もしくは添加剤は使用しなくてもよいが、上記極性溶媒その他脱水反応を阻害しないような溶媒を使用しても差し支えない。
【００１２】
本発明の製造方法で使用される触媒のアルカリ土類金属酸化物としては、例えば酸化カルシウム（ＣａＯ）、酸化マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）、酸化ストロンチウム（ＳｒＯ）、酸化バリウム（ＢａＯ）などが挙げられるが、特に酸化カルシウムもしくは酸化ストロンチウムが好ましい。
触媒の調製法としては、対応するアルカリ土類金属酸化物、アルカリ土類金属水酸化物、アルカリ土類金属硝酸塩を水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で処理する方法、好ましくはアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩を、真空中もしくは窒素などの不活性ガス気流中で４００〜１０００℃好ましくは５００〜９００℃の範囲で焼成する方法などがある。
触媒の使用量はアルデヒドおよび極性溶媒の総重量に対して０．１〜２０重量％好ましくは１．０〜５．０重量％である。
【００１３】
本発明の製造方法によって得られる直鎖不飽和アルデヒドは、そのままで、好ましくは精留などの精製操作を施して、医薬、農薬、香料、界面活性剤、染料など合成薬品の原料として、あるいは対応する飽和アルデヒド、アルコール、カルボン酸、アミンなどの原料として用いられる。特にクロトンアルデヒドは、ソルビン酸、ソルビン酸カリウムなどの食品の保存料の原料として、また式（Ｖ）で表されるアルデヒドの内、ｎ−ヘキセナールはそれ自身もしくはこれを原料として製造される不飽和アルコール、及びそのエステルは香料として用いることができる。
【００１４】
【実施例】
実施例１
（１）触媒の調製
ブレーカブルシールを装着した２０mmφの石英ガラス反応管中に、市販の炭酸カルシウムの１．２０ｇを仕込み、この反応管を真空にして電気炉中で、２℃／min.の速度で０℃から６００℃まで昇温した。引き続き６００℃で２時間真空排気を行った。冷却後、反応管中に窒素を通じながらブレーカブルシールを割り、生成した酸化カルシウム触媒を取り出した。
【００１５】
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
撹拌機、温度計、冷却コンデンサおよび窒素導入管を装着している窒素で十分置換された１００mlの四つ口フラスコに、ｎ−ブチルアルデヒドの１３．７０ｇ（０．１９mole）、アセトアルデヒドの８．３８ｇ（０．１９mole）および水の１．８０ｇ（０．１０mole）を投入し、氷水槽でフラスコ内を１２℃に保ち撹拌しながら上記（１）で調製した触媒の全量を加えて３時間反応させた。
反応の停止は、撹拌を続けながら水の１９．０ｇ、５０％酢酸水溶液の０．６７ｇ、２５％酢酸ソーダ水溶液の０．６７ｇを投入して行った。
【００１６】
（３）脱水反応
上記反応後、フラスコに装着した冷却コンデンサをラッシッヒリングを充填した蒸留用ヘッド付きのカラム（充填高３０cm位）に取り替えて、そのカラムにリボンヒーターを巻いて１０５〜１１５℃位に加熱しておく。ウォーターバスを、マントルヒーターに取り替え、加熱を始め、油分の留出がなくなるまで蒸留を続けた。フラスコ内温度が約１０５℃まで上昇したら、加熱を止め、留分の水を分離して、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析を行った。分析の結果を表１に示す。
【００１７】
実施例２
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
ｎ−ブチルアルデヒドを１４．４２ｇ（０．２０mole）、アセトアルデヒドを８．８２ｇ（０．２０mole）および水を２．７０ｇ（０．１５mole）とする以外は実施例１の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表１に示す。
【００１８】
比較例１
（１）クロスアルドール縮合反応
撹拌機、温度計、冷却コンデンサおよび窒素導入管を装着している窒素で十分置換された２００mlの四つ口フラスコに、ｎ−ブチルアルデヒドの４５．４ｇ（０．６３mole）、およびアセトアルデヒドの２７．８ｇ（０．６３mole）を投入し、ウォーターバスでフラスコ内を１２℃に保ち撹拌しながら２％水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の２４．４ｇを加え１．５時間反応させた。
反応の停止は、撹拌を続けながら、水の６３．０ｇ、５０％酢酸水溶液の２．２ｇ、２５％酢酸ソーダ水溶液の２．２ｇを投入して行った。
（２）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表１に示す。
【００１９】
比較例２
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
水の２．７０ｇ（０．１５mole）を使用しない以外は実施例２の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表１に示す。
【００２０】
実施例３
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
水を１．４４ｇ（０．０８mole）とする以外は実施例２の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表２に示す。
【００２１】
実施例４
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
ｎ−ブチルアルデヒドを１５．１４ｇ（０．２１mole）、アセトアルデヒドを９．２６ｇ（０．２１mole）および水を０．９０ｇ（０．０５mole）とする以外は実施例１の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表２に示す。
【００２２】
実施例５
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
水を３．６０ｇ（０．２０mole）とする以外は実施例４の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表２に示す。
【００２３】
比較例３
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
水を５４．７ｇ（３．０４mole）とする以外は実施例１の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表２に示す。
【００２４】
実施例６
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
２００mlの四つ口フラスコを用いること、水の代わりにＮ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミドの５８．４ｇ（０．８０mole）を用いる以外は実施例２の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表３に示す。
【００２５】
実施例７
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
水の代わりにジメチルスルホキシドの５６．０ｇ（０．７０mole）を用いる以外は実施例１の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表３に示す。
【００２６】
実施例８
（１）触媒の調製
ブレーカブルシールを装着した２０mmφの石英ガラス反応管中に、市販の炭酸ストロンチウムの１．２０ｇを仕込み、この反応管を真空にして電気炉中で、２℃／min.の速度で０℃から９００℃まで昇温した。引き続き９００℃で２時間真空排気を行った。冷却後、反応管中に窒素を通じながらブレーカブルシールを割り、生成した酸化ストロンチウム触媒を取り出した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
上記（１）で調製した触媒の全量を用いる以外は実施例１の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表３に示す。
【００２７】
比較例４
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例８の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
水を使用しない以外は実施例８の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表３に示す。
【００２８】
実施例９
（１）触媒の調製
ブレーカブルシールを装着した２０mmφの石英ガラス反応管中に、市販の炭酸マグネシウムの１．２０ｇを仕込み、この反応管を真空にして電気炉中で、２℃／min.の速度で０℃から４００℃まで昇温した。引き続き４００℃で２時間真空排気を行った。冷却後、反応管中に窒素を通じながらブレーカブルシールを割り、生成した酸化マグネシウム触媒を取り出した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
上記（１）で調製した触媒を用いる以外は実施例８の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
脱水反応は実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表４に示す。
【００２９】
比較例５
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例９の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
水を使用しない以外は実施例９の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
実施例１の（３）と同じ方法で行い、分析の結果を表４に示す。
【００３０】
実施例１０
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
プロピオンアルデヒドを１１．６２ｇ（０．２０mole）、アセトアルデヒドを８．８２ｇ（０．２０mole）および水を１．８０ｇ（０．１０mole）とする以外は実施例１の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
上記反応後、フラスコに装着された冷却コンデンサをラッシッヒリングを充填した蒸留用ヘッド付きのカラム（充填高３０cm位）に取り替えて、そのカラムにリボンヒーターを巻いて、１００〜１１０℃位に加熱しておく。ウォーターバスを、マントルヒーターに取り替え、加熱を始め、油分の留出がなくなるまで蒸留を続けた。フラスコ内温度が約１０１℃まで上昇したら、加熱を止め、留分の水を分離して、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析を行った。分析の結果を表４に示す。
【００３１】
実施例１１
（１）触媒の調製
触媒は実施例１の（１）と同じ方法で調製した。
（２）クロスアルドール縮合反応
プロピオンアルデヒド１１．６２ｇ（０．２０mole）をｎ−ヘキシルアルデヒドの２０．０２ｇ（０．２０mole）に代える以外は、実施例１０の（２）に準じて行った。
（３）脱水反応
上記反応後、フラスコに装着された冷却コンデンサをラッシッヒリングを充填した蒸留用ヘッド付きのカラム（充填高３０cm位）に取り替えて、そのカラムにリボンヒーターを巻いて、１１５〜１２５℃位に加熱しておく。ウォーターバスを、マントルヒーターに取り替え、加熱を始め、油分の留出がなくなるまで蒸留を続けた。フラスコの温度が約１１５℃まで上昇したら、加熱を止め、留分の水を分離して、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析を行った。分析の結果を表４に示す。
【００３２】
【表１】
【表２】
【表３】
【表４】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法は直鎖不飽和アルデヒドを選択性良く得ることができる。また、本発明の製造方法は反応の終了後、従来の技術のように廃水の活性汚泥処理負荷が大きくならず、なおかつ使用した触媒を回収することが可能で、回収した触媒は多数回リサイクルして用いることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a linear unsaturated aldehyde such as crotonaldehyde synthesized from acetaldehyde and a saturated aldehyde.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a linear unsaturated aldehyde with good selectivity by dehydration reaction in connection with cross-aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and saturated aldehyde.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When producing a linear unsaturated aldehyde, generally acetaldehyde and saturated aldehyde are subjected to a so-called cross-aldol condensation using a base catalyst such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to form an aldol, followed by a dehydration reaction. The obtained unsaturated aldehyde is subjected to a separation and purification operation such as distillation to obtain a product.
[0003]
The cross-aldol condensation and dehydration reaction are as follows, for example, using a base catalyst such as sodium hydroxide for acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde.
[Chemical 1]
That is, 2-ethyl-2-butenal and 2-ethyl-2-hexenal, which are branched chain unsaturated aldehydes, are generated in addition to linear unsaturated aldehydes such as crotonaldehyde and hexenal. Increasing the molar ratio of acetaldehyde to butyraldehyde to increase the selectivity of linear unsaturated aldehyde improves the selectivity of crotonaldehyde but does not improve the selectivity of hexenal, and the selectivity of linear unsaturated aldehyde is high A manufacturing method is desired.
In addition, when the reaction is carried out using a base catalyst such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, when the contained sodium hydroxide aqueous solution remaining after the completion of the reaction is disposed of as waste liquid, not only neutralization of sodium hydroxide, but also waste water Inconveniences such as forced operation that requires a great deal of cost, such as activated sludge treatment, occur.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a linear unsaturated aldehyde with high selectivity from acetaldehyde and a saturated aldehyde in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors paid attention to the fact that a solid base is effective as a catalyst for the cross-aldol reaction, and as a result of extensive research, acetaldehyde and a specific saturated aldehyde were converted to alkaline earth metal oxide, water or dimethyl sulfoxide polarity. The inventors have found a method for obtaining a linear unsaturated aldehyde such as crotonaldehyde with high selectivity by performing cross-aldol condensation in the presence of a solvent, and have completed the present invention.
[0007]
The method for producing the linear unsaturated aldehyde of the present invention comprises:
Formula (I)
MO …… (I)
(Wherein M represents Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba)
In the presence of a catalyst containing an alkaline earth metal oxide represented by
Formula (II)
CH 3 CHO (II)
Acetaldehyde represented by the formula (III)
R 1 —CH 2 —CHO (III)
A cross-aldol condensation reaction with a saturated aldehyde represented by formula (IV)
CH 3 —CH═CH—CHO (IV)
Crotonaldehyde represented by the formula (V)
R 1 —CH 2 —CH═CH—CHO (V)
[In the formulas (III) to (V), R 1 represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms]
Is synthesized with high selectivity.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The production method of the present invention is represented by the following formula, and a branched chain unsaturated aldehyde represented by the formulas (VI) and (VII) is produced as a by-product.
[Chemical 2]
[0009]
The aldol condensation reaction in the production method of the present invention is performed by adding and mixing a polar solvent to a predetermined aldehyde, and then adding a catalyst. The reaction temperature of the cross aldol condensation is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of -20 to 100 ° C, more preferably 0 to 70 ° C. Also, the reaction temperature in the subsequent dehydration reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 50 to 200 ° C, more preferably 80 to 150 ° C.
[0010]
Examples of the saturated aldehyde represented by the formula (III) in the production method of the present invention include propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-heptylaldehyde, and n-octylaldehyde.
[0011]
As the polar solvent used in the production method of the present invention, water, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like are preferably used. It is 5 to 70 mole%, preferably 10 to 60 mole%, based on the total amount of raw material aldehydes. If necessary, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and i-butanol, ethers such as diethyl ether and triethylene glycol, and polar solvents such as acetonitrile and N-methylformamide can be used.
In the dehydration reaction, no solvent or additive may be used, but the above polar solvent or other solvent that does not inhibit the dehydration reaction may be used.
[0012]
Examples of the alkaline earth metal oxide of the catalyst used in the production method of the present invention include calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), strontium oxide (SrO), and barium oxide (BaO). In particular, calcium oxide or strontium oxide is preferable.
As a method for preparing the catalyst, a corresponding alkaline earth metal oxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal nitrate is treated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, preferably alkaline earth metal carbonate is vacuumed. There is a method of firing in a range of 400 to 1000 ° C., preferably 500 to 900 ° C. in an inert gas stream such as nitrogen or nitrogen.
The amount of the catalyst used is 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aldehyde and the polar solvent.
[0013]
The linear unsaturated aldehyde obtained by the production method of the present invention is used as it is, preferably subjected to a purification operation such as rectification, as a raw material for synthetic chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, fragrances, surfactants, dyes, or the like. It is used as a raw material for saturated aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines and the like. In particular, crotonaldehyde is used as a raw material for food preservatives such as sorbic acid and potassium sorbate, and among the aldehydes represented by the formula (V), n-hexenal is an unsaturated compound produced by itself or using it as a raw material. Alcohol and its esters can be used as perfumes.
[0014]
【Example】
Example 1
(1) Preparation of catalyst 1.20 g of commercially available calcium carbonate was charged into a 20 mmφ quartz glass reaction tube equipped with a breakable seal, and the reaction tube was evacuated in an electric furnace at 2 ° C./min. The temperature was increased from 0 ° C. to 600 ° C. at a rate. Subsequently, evacuation was performed at 600 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the breakable seal was broken while passing nitrogen through the reaction tube, and the produced calcium oxide catalyst was taken out.
[0015]
(2) To a 100 ml four-necked flask fully substituted with nitrogen equipped with a cross aldol condensation reaction stirrer, thermometer, cooling condenser and nitrogen introducing tube, 13.70 g (0.19 mole) of n-butyraldehyde was added. ), 8.38 g (0.19 mole) of acetaldehyde and 1.80 g (0.10 mole) of water were added, and the total amount of the catalyst prepared in (1) above was stirred while keeping the inside of the flask at 12 ° C. in an ice water bath. And reacted for 3 hours.
The reaction was stopped by adding 19.0 g of water, 0.67 g of 50% aqueous acetic acid solution, and 0.67 g of 25% aqueous sodium acetate solution while continuing stirring.
[0016]
(3) Dehydration reaction After the above reaction, the cooling condenser attached to the flask is replaced with a column with a distillation head packed with a Raschig ring (packing height of about 30 cm), and a ribbon heater is wound around the column to about 105 to 115 ° C. Keep it heated. The water bath was replaced with a mantle heater, heating was started, and distillation was continued until no oil distills. When the temperature in the flask rose to about 105 ° C., the heating was stopped, the water of the fraction was separated, and gas chromatography analysis was performed. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 1.
[0017]
Example 2
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Cross Aldol Condensation Reaction Example 1 except that n-butyraldehyde was 14.42 g (0.20 mole), acetaldehyde was 8.82 g (0.20 mole) and water was 2.70 g (0.15 mole). It carried out according to (2).
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 1.
[0018]
Comparative Example 1
(1) To a 200 ml four-necked flask fully substituted with nitrogen equipped with a cross aldol condensation reaction stirrer, thermometer, cooling condenser and nitrogen introducing tube, 45.4 g (0.63 mole) of n-butyraldehyde was added. And 27.8 g (0.63 mole) of acetaldehyde were added, and 24.4 g of 2% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added and reacted for 1.5 hours with stirring in a water bath at 12 ° C.
The reaction was stopped by adding 63.0 g of water, 2.2 g of 50% aqueous acetic acid solution, and 2.2 g of 25% aqueous sodium acetate solution while continuing stirring.
(2) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 1.
[0019]
Comparative Example 2
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Performed according to (2) of Example 2 except that 2.70 g (0.15 mole) of the cross-aldol condensation reaction water was not used.
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 1.
[0020]
Example 3
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Performed according to (2) of Example 2 except that the cross aldol condensation reaction water was changed to 1.44 g (0.08 mole).
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 2.
[0021]
Example 4
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Cross Aldol Condensation Reaction Example 1 except that 15.14 g (0.21 mole) of n-butyraldehyde, 9.26 g (0.21 mole) of acetaldehyde and 0.90 g (0.05 mole) of water were used. It carried out according to (2).
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 2.
[0022]
Example 5
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Performed in accordance with (2) of Example 4 except that the cross-aldol condensation reaction water was changed to 3.60 g (0.20 mole).
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 2.
[0023]
Comparative Example 3
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Performed in accordance with (2) of Example 1 except that the cross-aldol condensation reaction water was changed to 54.7 g (3.04 mole).
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
Example 6
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Cross Aldol Condensation Reaction According to (2) of Example 2 except that a 200 ml four-necked flask is used and 58.4 g (0.80 mole) of N, N-dimethylformamide is used instead of water. went.
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 3.
[0025]
Example 7
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Cross aldol condensation reaction The reaction was carried out in accordance with (2) of Example 1 except that 56.0 g (0.70 mole) of dimethyl sulfoxide was used instead of water.
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 3.
[0026]
Example 8
(1) Preparation of catalyst 1.20 g of commercially available strontium carbonate was charged into a 20 mmφ quartz glass reaction tube equipped with a breakable seal, and the reaction tube was evacuated in an electric furnace at 2 ° C./min. The temperature was increased from 0 ° C. to 900 ° C. at a rate. Subsequently, evacuation was performed at 900 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the breakable seal was broken while passing nitrogen through the reaction tube, and the produced strontium oxide catalyst was taken out.
(2) Cross-aldol condensation reaction The reaction was carried out according to (2) of Example 1 except that the total amount of the catalyst prepared in (1) above was used.
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 3.
[0027]
Comparative Example 4
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 (1).
(2) Performed according to (2) of Example 8 except that water for cross-aldol condensation reaction was not used.
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 3.
[0028]
Example 9
(1) Preparation of catalyst 1.20 g of commercially available magnesium carbonate was charged into a 20 mmφ quartz glass reaction tube equipped with a breakable seal, and the reaction tube was evacuated in an electric furnace at 2 ° C./min. The temperature was raised from 0 ° C. to 400 ° C. at a rate. Subsequently, evacuation was performed at 400 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the breakable seal was broken while passing nitrogen through the reaction tube, and the produced magnesium oxide catalyst was taken out.
(2) Cross Aldol Condensation Reaction The cross aldol condensation reaction was carried out in accordance with (2) of Example 8 except that the catalyst prepared in (1) above was used.
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 4.
[0029]
Comparative Example 5
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 9, (1).
(2) Performed in accordance with (2) of Example 9 except that water for cross-aldol condensation reaction was not used.
(3) Dehydration reaction The dehydration reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 (3), and the results of the analysis are shown in Table 4.
[0030]
Example 10
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Cross Aldol Condensation Reaction (2) of Example 1 except that propionaldehyde is 11.62 g (0.20 mole), acetaldehyde is 8.82 g (0.20 mole) and water is 1.80 g (0.10 mole). ).
(3) Dehydration reaction After the above reaction, the cooling condenser attached to the flask was replaced with a column with a distillation head filled with a Raschig ring (packing height of about 30 cm), a ribbon heater was wound around the column, and the temperature was 100 to 110 ° C. Heat to the proper position. The water bath was replaced with a mantle heater, heating was started, and distillation was continued until no oil distills. When the temperature in the flask rose to about 101 ° C., the heating was stopped, the water in the fraction was separated, and gas chromatography analysis was performed. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 4.
[0031]
Example 11
(1) Preparation of catalyst The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1).
(2) Cross-aldol condensation reaction The procedure was carried out in accordance with (2) of Example 10 except that 11.62 g (0.20 mole) of propionaldehyde was replaced with 20.02 g (0.20 mole) of n-hexylaldehyde.
(3) Dehydration reaction After the above reaction, the cooling condenser attached to the flask was replaced with a column with a distillation head (packing height of about 30 cm) packed with a Raschig ring, and a ribbon heater was wound around the column, and the temperature was 115 to 125 ° C. Heat to the proper position. The water bath was replaced with a mantle heater, heating was started, and distillation was continued until no oil distills. When the temperature of the flask rose to about 115 ° C., the heating was stopped, the water of the fraction was separated, and gas chromatography analysis was performed. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 4.
[0032]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
[Table 3]
[Table 4]
【The invention's effect】
The production method of the present invention can obtain a linear unsaturated aldehyde with good selectivity. Furthermore, the production method of the present invention does not increase the activated sludge treatment load of wastewater after the reaction is completed, and can recover the used catalyst. The recovered catalyst is recycled many times. Can be used.
Claims (3)
ＭＯ ……（Ｉ）
（式中、ＭはＣａ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａを表す）
で表されるアルカリ土類金属酸化物を含む触媒、および極性溶媒の存在下、式（II）
ＣＨ3ＣＨＯ ……（II）
で表されるアセトアルデヒドと式（III）
Ｒ1−ＣＨ2−ＣＨＯ ……（III）
で表される飽和アルデヒドとのクロスアルドール縮合反応、つゞいて脱水反応によって式（IV）
ＣＨ3−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−ＣＨＯ ……（IV）
で表されるクロトンアルデヒドおよび式（Ｖ）
Ｒ1−ＣＨ2−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−ＣＨＯ ……（Ｖ）
〔（III)〜（Ｖ）式中、Ｒ1は炭素数１〜６の直鎖アルキル基を表わす〕
で表される直鎖不飽和アルデヒドを選択性良く合成することを特徴とする直鎖不飽和アルデヒドの製造方法。Formula (I)
MO …… (I)
(Wherein M represents Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba)
In the presence of a catalyst containing an alkaline earth metal oxide represented by formula (II) and a polar solvent
CH 3 CHO (II)
Acetaldehyde represented by the formula (III)
R 1 —CH 2 —CHO (III)
A cross-aldol condensation reaction with a saturated aldehyde represented by formula (IV)
CH 3 —CH═CH—CHO (IV)
Crotonaldehyde represented by the formula (V)
R 1 —CH 2 —CH═CH—CHO (V)
[In the formulas (III) to (V), R 1 represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms]
A method for producing a linear unsaturated aldehyde, which comprises synthesizing a linear unsaturated aldehyde represented by formula (1) with good selectivity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21884195A JP3796774B2 (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1995-08-28 | Method for producing enal using alkaline earth metal oxide |
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP21884195A JP3796774B2 (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1995-08-28 | Method for producing enal using alkaline earth metal oxide |
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| JP3796774B2 true JP3796774B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
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| US5801292A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1998-09-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Aldehyde process |
| ES2159259B1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2002-04-16 | Univ Valencia Politecnica | PROCEDURE AND CATALYSTS FOR OBTAINING INSFAIRED ALFA-BETA CARBONY COMPOUNDS OF INTEREST IN THE PERFUMES AND AROMAS INDUSTRY. |
| WO2020017135A1 (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | Jnc株式会社 | Method for manufacturing ketones |
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