JP3795281B2 - Ink-jet ink manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

【００６６】
表１に示された結果から、実施例１〜４の方法は、比較例１と対比して、フィルター濾過性に格段に優れていることがわかる。
【００６７】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、染料溶液又は顔料若しくは染料の分散液中に粗大粒子を混入させずに、水及び／又は有機溶媒を蒸発除去してインクジェット記録用インクを製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】図１は、本発明に使用される攪拌槽薄膜蒸発装置の一実施態様を示す概略説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 攪拌槽薄膜蒸発装置
２ 装置本体
４ 溶液又は分散液[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing ink for inkjet recording.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ink for ink jet recording is mainly produced by dissolving or dispersing a pigment, dye, or the like in water and / or an organic solvent, and then evaporating and removing the water and / or organic solvent. When evaporating and removing the water and / or organic solvent, a stirring-type evaporation device of a type that does not form a liquid thin film that evaporates and removes water and / or the organic solvent by heating the wall surface of the stirring tank is used. Yes.
[0003]
However, when such a stirring type evaporator is used, the liquid level in the evaporator decreases as water and / or the organic solvent evaporates, and heating causes the inside of the evaporator above the liquid level to be reduced. Water and / or organic solvent evaporates and removes from the solution or dispersion adhering to the wall surface, and the non-evaporated component adheres to the inner wall surface. Since the evaporation rate decreases due to the decrease in the heat transfer area of the wall surface due to the decrease in the liquid level of the solution or dispersion accompanying the evaporation of water and / or organic solvent, the time required for evaporation and removal of water and / or organic solvent becomes longer. There is a drawback.
[0004]
Furthermore, in the stirring type evaporation apparatus, coarse particles generated by drying the solution or dispersion adhering to the inner wall surface may fall into the solution or dispersion and be mixed. Therefore, since the ink obtained by evaporating and removing a part of the water and / or organic solvent may cause a problem in centrifuging or filtering, the operation is periodically stopped, and the complicated evaporation apparatus There is a disadvantage that the inside must be cleaned.
[0005]
Recently, in the ink jet recording system, since the nozzle diameter of the printer has been reduced to increase the resolution of the printer, the particles contained in the ink have been required to be finer. Must be avoided in the ink.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an ink-jet ink that can remove water and / or an organic solvent by evaporation without removing coarse particles in a dye solution or a pigment or dye dispersion.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a stirring tank thin film evaporation apparatus that wets a heating wall with water and / or an organic solvent contained in a dye solution or a pigment or dye dispersion having a non-evaporation component concentration of 1 to 40% by weight, or The present invention relates to a method for producing ink for ink jet recording that is evaporated and removed using a natural falling thin film evaporator.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has one major feature in that a thin film evaporation apparatus is used to evaporate and remove water and / or an organic solvent contained in a dye solution or a pigment or dye dispersion.
[0009]
Here, the thin film evaporation apparatus refers to an evaporation apparatus that forms a thin film of a liquid to be treated on a heating wall surface and evaporates a solvent such as water or an organic solvent from the thin film.
[0010]
When this thin film evaporation apparatus is used, a state where a thin liquid film is always formed on the heating wall surface (the inner wall of the side surface of the apparatus main body on which the heater is disposed) always adheres to the solution or dispersion. Thus, since water and / or the organic solvent are removed by evaporation, the generation of coarse particles by the drying of the solution or dispersion on the heating wall surface is effectively suppressed. Accordingly, since coarse particles are not mixed, an ink excellent in filter filterability can be obtained.
[0011]
The evaporative removal means a concentration operation for evaporating and / or evaporating the solvent and / or increasing the concentration of the non-evaporated component.
[0012]
In addition, even if the liquid level of the solution or dispersion is lowered by evaporation, the heating wall surface is always wetted with the solution or dispersion, the water or the heat transfer area is not reduced without drying the solution or dispersion. The organic solvent can be removed by evaporation.
[0013]
Therefore, the time required for evaporation can be shortened as compared with the case of using a conventional agitation type evaporator, so that the effect of excellent productivity is exhibited.
[0014]
In addition, since the solution or dispersion liquid adheres to the heating wall surface and quickly flows down into the solution or dispersion liquid under the apparatus main body due to the newly attached solution or dispersion liquid, the time for receiving the heat history is short. Since the solution or the dispersion liquid is hardly changed thermally, it is possible to effectively prevent the quality of the obtained ink from being damaged by the thermal history.
[0015]
The thin film evaporator used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can always wet the heating wall surface and does not dry the liquid film. Examples include the Chemical Engineering Association, “6th revised edition, Chemical Engineering Handbook” (Maruzen Publishing Co., Ltd., issued February 25, 1999) pages 403-405 and the Chemical Engineering Association edition, “Chemical Equipment Handbook” (Maruzen). (Publishing Co., Ltd., issued on February 10, 1987) The thin film evaporation apparatus described in pages 1178 to 1187 and the like can be mentioned. Specific examples thereof include a stirring tank thin film evaporator, a natural falling thin film evaporator (a vertical and horizontal type), a rising thin film evaporator, a stirred film thin film evaporator, and the like. Especially, a stirring tank thin film evaporator can be used conveniently in this invention.
[0016]
The stirring tank thin film evaporation apparatus is an apparatus that forms a thin film using a heating wall surface in the stirring tank and evaporates from the thin film. A typical example thereof is an evaporation apparatus manufactured by Kansai Chemical Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., having a trade name: wall wetter attached in a stirring tank. FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of the evaporation apparatus.
[0017]
In FIG. 1, a heater 3 is disposed on the outer side surface of the apparatus main body 2 of the stirring tank thin film evaporation apparatus 1, whereby the side wall of the apparatus main body 2 is heated.
[0018]
On the other hand, a solution or dispersion 4 is injected into the apparatus main body 2. Further, a diffusion blade (wall wetter) 5 for adhering the solution or dispersion 4 to the heating wall surface of the apparatus main body 2 above the liquid level of the solution or dispersion 4 is provided inside the apparatus main body 2. The lower rotary shaft 6 is arranged so as to be close to the inner surface of the apparatus main body 2 from the periphery to the upper portion, and is fixed to the rotary shaft 6 via holding members 7a and 7b. Examples of the shape of the diffusion blade 5 include a bowl shape and a pipe shape having both ends opened. Among these, when aggregates are generated and adhere to the wall surface, it is preferable to have a bowl shape in consideration of the point that it is difficult to disturb the flow of the liquid and the ease of cleaning. Further, the number of the dissipating blades 5 is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 4.
[0019]
In order to rotate the rotating shaft 6, for example, a power machine 8 such as a motor is installed on the rotating shaft 6.
[0020]
Here, when the rotating shaft 6 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A by the power machine 8, the dissipating blade 5 rotates with the rotation of the rotating shaft 6. By the rotation of the diffuser blade 5, the solution or dispersion 4 in the apparatus main body 2 is sucked from the lower part of the diffuser blade 5 by the centrifugal force acting on the diffuser blade 5 and discharged from the upper part of the diffuser blade 5. A thin liquid film of the solution or dispersion 4 is formed. Since water and / or an organic solvent receives heat from the heating wall surface and evaporates from the formed liquid film, the solution or dispersion 4 is concentrated. Here, the dissipating blade 5 is formed because when the rotating shaft 6 is rotated, the solution or dispersion 4 is sucked up from the lower part and the solution or dispersion 4 is continuously supplied to the heating wall surface of the apparatus body 2. The thin liquid film of the solution or dispersion 4 is not dried and always kept wet. Therefore, generation of coarse particles from the solution or dispersion 4 by conventional drying is prevented.
[0021]
The pigments and dyes used in the solution or dispersion are not particularly limited as long as they are generally used in ink jet recording inks.
[0022]
The pigment may be either an inorganic pigment or an organic pigment. If necessary, extender pigments can be used in combination.
[0023]
Examples of the inorganic pigment include carbon black, metal oxide, metal sulfide, and metal chloride. Among these, carbon black is preferable particularly for black aqueous ink. Examples of carbon black include furnace black, thermal lamp black, acetylene black, and channel black.
[0024]
Examples of the organic pigment include azo pigments, diazo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, isoindolinone pigments, dioxazine pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, anthoraquinone pigments, and quinophthalone pigments.
[0025]
Examples of extender pigments include silica, calcium carbonate, and talc.
[0026]
Examples of the dye include oil-based dyes, disperse dyes, water-based dyes, direct dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, and the like, which are water-based inks, solvent-based inks, solutions, or dispersions. It can be properly used according to the ink form. In addition, when manufacturing the aqueous dispersion of a polymer particle, an oil-based dye and a disperse dye are preferable.
[0027]
Examples of oil-based dyes include CI solvent black, CI solvent yellow, CI solvent red, CI solvent violet, CI solvent blue, CI solvent green, and CI solvent orange.
[0028]
Examples of disperse dyes include CI Disperse Yellow, CI Disperse Orange, CI Disperse Red, CI Disperse Violet, CI Disperse Blue, and CI Disperse Green Series.
[0029]
Examples of the dispersion medium include water and / or an organic solvent. Examples thereof include ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic solvents such as toluene and benzene, aliphatic solvents such as heptane and hexane; alicyclic solvents such as cyclohexane, ethylene chloride, 1,1,1- And halogenated aliphatic solvents such as trichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,2-dichloroethane.
[0030]
The pigment or dye solution or dispersion may be a dispersion of polymer particles containing the pigment or dye (hereinafter referred to as an encapsulated dispersion), or a dispersion in which the pigment or dye is dispersed (hereinafter referred to as a dispersion type). It may be a dispersion) or a solution in which a dye is dissolved in water and / or an organic solvent (hereinafter referred to as a dye solution). The dispersion medium of these dispersions is water and / or an organic solvent.
[0031]
Of these, the inclusion-type dispersion, particularly the inclusion-type aqueous dispersion, generally produces coarse particles more easily than the dispersion-type dispersion. However, when these dispersions are used in the production method of the present invention, the formation of coarse particles can be effectively prevented. Therefore, the production method of the present invention can be suitably employed when using an encapsulated dispersion, particularly an encapsulated aqueous dispersion.
[0032]
Examples of the encapsulated dispersion include a dispersion of polymer particles containing a dye or a pigment.
[0033]
Examples of the polymer used for the polymer particles containing a dye or pigment include water-insoluble polymers that can contain a dye or pigment. Examples of the polymer include vinyl polymers, polyester polymers, polyurethane polymers and the like. Among the polymers, vinyl polymers are preferable. Examples of the vinyl polymer include a polymer of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of styrene, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid ester, and (meth) acrylic acid amide.
[0034]
The weight average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 3000 to 200000, more preferably 5000 from the viewpoints of ejection properties, prevention of scorching of the printer head, durability of the aqueous ink after printing, and stability of the solution or dispersion. ~ 100,000.
[0035]
The total amount of the dye and the pigment is 20 to 400 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 300 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin non-evaporating component of the polymer, from the viewpoint of printing density and ease of inclusion. .
[0036]
The encapsulated dispersion is, for example,
(1) A polymer is dissolved or dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent together with a dye or pigment, a neutralizing agent is added if necessary, salt-forming groups in the polymer are ionized, water is added, and then the hydrophilic organic solvent is added. A method of distilling off and phase-reversing into an aqueous system,
(2) Dissolve the polymer in an organic solvent, add a neutralizing agent as necessary to ionize the salt-forming groups in the polymer, then add water and a dye or pigment and knead, and remove the organic solvent from the kneaded product. A method of distilling it into an aqueous system,
(3) Water, a neutralizing agent and, if necessary, a surfactant are added to a solution obtained by dissolving a polymer and a dye in a water-insoluble organic solvent to ionize the salt-forming groups in the polymer, After emulsification of the obtained mixture, the water-insoluble organic solvent can be distilled off to prepare an aqueous solution or dispersion.
[0037]
From the viewpoint of dispersion stability, the average particle size of the polymer particles containing a dye or pigment is preferably 0.01 to 1 μm, and more preferably 0.02 to 0.5 μm.
[0038]
A dispersion type dispersion can be easily obtained by, for example, dispersing a dye or pigment and a dispersant in water.
[0039]
Examples of the aqueous dispersion of the pigment include an aqueous dispersion of carbon black obtained by dispersing and stabilizing carbon black such as Cab-O-Jet200 (trade name) commercially available from Cabot, Examples thereof include an aqueous carbon black dispersion stabilized with a polymer type or low molecular type dispersant.
[0040]
The average particle size in the dispersion of the dye or pigment used in this dispersion type dispersion is preferably from 0.01 to 1 μm, more preferably from 0.02 to 0.5 μm, from the viewpoint of dispersion stability.
[0041]
The total amount of the dye and the pigment in the solution or dispersion is 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight, from the viewpoints of printing density and ejection stability.
[0042]
It should be noted that additives such as a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, an antifoaming agent, an antifungal agent, and a chelating agent can be added to any of the encapsulated dispersion liquid, the dispersion type dispersion liquid, and the aqueous dye solution, if necessary. The concentration of the non-evaporable component of the ink for inkjet recording is preferably 1 to 60% by weight and more preferably 10 to 40% by weight from the viewpoint of maintaining ink performance.
[0043]
Next, the water and / or organic solvent of the solution or dispersion liquid is removed by evaporation using a thin film evaporator.
[0044]
There are no particular limitations on the evaporation conditions when evaporating and removing the water and / or organic solvent of the solution or dispersion. However, the temperature of the heating wall surface is preferably 20 to 80 ° C, and more preferably 40 to 60 ° C, from the viewpoint of suppressing thermal degradation of the dispersion. Moreover, 1-50 kPa is preferable and 5-20 kPa is still more preferable from a viewpoint of reducing the load to a vacuum pressure reduction apparatus.
[0045]
When water and / or the organic solvent are removed by evaporation from the solution or dispersion under the above conditions, the water and / or organic solvent can be efficiently removed.
[0046]
In order to prevent the solution or dispersion from drying and non-evaporating components from adhering to or sticking to the heating wall surface of the thin film evaporator, the heating wall surface is always wet and the liquid film of the solution or dispersion liquid is broken. It is desirable to prevent this from occurring. For example, in the case of using a bowl-shaped natural falling thin film evaporator, the flow rate m (unit: kg / m · h) per unit lateral width of the vertical surface of the flow flowing down by forming a liquid film along the vertical surface is formula:
m = W / (πND)
(W is the liquid flow rate (kg / h), N is the number of vertical tubes, and D is the inner diameter (m) of the vertical tubes)
Where m is the Hartley et al. Formula:
_{m min = 1400 (μ L ρ} L σ 3) 1/5
( _Where , _min is the minimum allowable liquid load [kg / (m · h)], μ _L is the viscosity of the solution or dispersion [kg / (m · h)], and ρ _L is the density of the liquid [kg / m ³ ], σ indicates the surface tension [kg / m] of liquid, “Heat Exchanger Design Handbook” by Hideo Obana (enhanced version) Engineering Books Publishing Co., Ltd., issued July 1, 1977, 688〜 (See page 691)
If the flow rate is equal to or higher than the minimum allowable liquid load (m _min ) obtained from the above, there is no possibility of causing a liquid film breakage, which is preferable.
[0047]
Therefore, the flow rate m per unit width of the heating wall surface is a liquid formed on the heating wall surface from the viewpoint of preventing non-evaporated components from adhering to the heating wall surface or sticking to form aggregates due to the breakage of the liquid film. From the viewpoint of avoiding a decrease in evaporation efficiency due to an increase in film thickness, 200 to 20000 kg / (m · h) is preferable, and 500 to 10000 kg / (m · h) is more preferable.
[0048]
Non-evaporable components are pigments or dyes, polymers, dispersants, neutralizers and the like.
[0049]
The concentration of the non-evaporated component before evaporating and removing water and / or the organic solvent is preferably 1 to 40% by weight, more preferably 10 to 30% by weight from the viewpoints of improving productivity and filter filterability. . Further, the concentration of the non-evaporable component after removing water and / or the organic solvent by evaporation is preferably 1 to 60% by weight, more preferably 10 to 40% by weight from the viewpoint of maintaining the performance of the ink.
[0050]
The filter filterability referred to in this specification is for evaluating whether or not coarse particles are present in the ink, and the amount of solution or dispersion per unit area of a filter having a pore diameter of 5 μm is determined. means. This solution or dispersion having a passage amount of 1 mL / cm ² or more is preferable because coarse particles are not present and there is no adverse effect due to the coarse particles.
[0051]
As described above, the ink for ink jet recording can be obtained by evaporating and removing water and / or the organic solvent from the solution or dispersion and adjusting the concentration so as to obtain a desired non-evaporable component concentration.
[0052]
【Example】
Example 1
60 g of an oil-soluble dye (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Oil Black 860) was dissolved in 282 g of toluene, and polymer A [68 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 2 parts by weight of methacrylic acid, silicone macromer (Chisso Corporation) Product name: FM-0711) 10 parts by weight, styrene macromer [manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd., product name: AN-6 (styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer macromer, styrene content: 70% by weight, weight average molecular weight: 6000, Polymerizable functional group: methacryloyloxy group)] 5 parts by weight, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 10 parts by weight and methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (made by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: NK ester M90G) 5 parts by weight Methyl ethyl ketone solution of coalescence, weight average molecular weight: 10,000] The (non-evaporating component concentration 50 wt%) 180 g were mixed and dissolved to obtain a solution.
[0053]
To this solution, 52 g of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 1 g / L and 1500 g of ion-exchanged water were added and mixed, and further, a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Sanmaru Machinery Co., Ltd., model number: H3-1C) Dispersion treatment was carried out at 1 ° C. and 19.6 MPa for 1 hour.
[0054]
750 g of the obtained dispersion liquid after dispersion treatment was put into a stirring tank thin film evaporator (manufactured by Kansai Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd., trade name: 2 L stirring tank equipped with a wall wetter), and the liquid temperature was 60 ° C. The water and / or the organic solvent was removed by evaporation until the concentration of the non-evaporated component in the dispersion reached 20% by weight under the condition of the pressure of 13.3 kPa. As a result, the obtained ink contained almost no toluene or methyl ethyl ketone as organic solvents.
[0055]
Example 2
Polymer B [styrene 25 parts by weight, lauryl methacrylate 5 parts by weight, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: NK ester M-40G) 30 parts by weight, styrene macromer [manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd., Product name: AN-6 (styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer macromer, styrene content: 70% by weight, weight average molecular weight: 6000, polymerizable functional group: methacryloyloxy group)] 10 parts by weight and N, N′-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate A copolymer comprising 30 parts by weight of a mate, 500 g of a methyl ethyl ketone solution (non-evaporable component concentration: 50% by weight) in a weight average molecular weight: 16,000), carbon black (manufactured by Cabot, trade name: Monarch 880) 250 g, 70 % Glycolic acid aqueous solution 26g and ion-exchanged water 1 730 g was mixed at 25 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the resulting mixture was flowed at a flow rate of 0.18 kg / m (25 ° C.) using a bead mill whose dispersion medium is glass beads (model number: DYNO-MILL TYPE KDL-PILOT). For 1 hour.
[0056]
In the same manner as in Example 1, 750 g of the dispersion liquid after dispersion treatment was subjected to evaporation removal of water and / or organic solvent using a stirring tank thin film evaporator to obtain an ink.
[0057]
Example 3
750 g of the dispersion obtained after the dispersion treatment obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was put into a 2 L container, and the pressure of 6.8 kPa was applied to the dispersion liquid in the container using a vertical natural thin film evaporator. Warm water at 60 ° C. was passed through the jacket portion of the evaporation tube at 35 ° C. and heated to evaporate and remove water and / or the organic solvent to obtain an ink. An evaporating tube having an inner diameter of 2.4 cm was used, the number of evaporating tubes was one, and the flow rate of the solution or dispersion was 2.7 L / min. In this example, the flow rate m per unit lateral width is 2150 kg / (m · h). Since μ _L = 10.8 kg / (m · h), ρ _L = 900 kg / m ³ , and σ = 4.60 × 10 ⁻³ , the minimum allowable liquid load m _min is 350 kg / (m · h), m It corresponds to about 6 times _min .
[0058]
Example 4
Ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the non-evaporable component concentration of the ink was changed to 45% by weight.
[0059]
Comparative Example 1
An ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a stirring evaporator was used.
[0060]
The following physical properties of the dispersions obtained by evaporating and removing water and / or organic solvents in each Example or Comparative Example 1 were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0061]
The filter filterability and the average particle size were measured at a non-evaporable component concentration of 20% by weight. Therefore, when the non-evaporable component concentration of the obtained ink was not 20% by weight, it was prepared so as to be 20% by weight.
[0062]
(1) A filter with a filter capacity of 25 mL, a needleless syringe (manufactured by Terumo Corp.), a filter having a pore size of 5 μm (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., acetylcellulose membrane (circular flat membrane), outer diameter 2) 0.5 cm], and 20 mL of a solution or dispersion whose non-evaporable component concentration is adjusted to 20% by weight is charged into the syringe, and then the solution or dispersion does not pass through the operation of manually applying pressure and passing through the filter. Until the total amount [passing amount (mL / cm ² ) per membrane area (5 cm ² ) of a filter having a pore size of 5 μm] was obtained.
[0063]
(2) Average particle diameter The particle diameter of the particles in the dispersion was measured using a particle diameter measuring machine (trade name: Coulter Counter N4, manufactured by Coulter, Inc.) to determine the average particle diameter.
[0064]
(3) Non-evaporable component concentration 150 using an infrared heating non-evaporable component concentration measuring instrument (trade name: INFRARED MOISTURE DETERMINATION BALANCE FD-23, manufactured by Kett Co., Ltd.) The non-evaporable component concentration was measured at ° C.
[0065]
[Table 1]

[0066]
From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the methods of Examples 1 to 4 are remarkably superior in filter filterability as compared with Comparative Example 1.
[0067]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to produce an ink for ink jet recording by evaporating and removing water and / or an organic solvent without mixing coarse particles in a dye solution or a pigment or dye dispersion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing one embodiment of a stirring tank thin film evaporator used in the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stirring tank thin film evaporation apparatus 2 Apparatus main body 4 Solution or dispersion liquid

Claims (3)

Stirred tank thin film evaporator or natural flow thin film evaporation that wets the heating wall with water and / or organic solvent contained in the dye solution or pigment or dye dispersion with a non-evaporated component concentration of 1 to 40% by weight A method for producing ink for ink jet recording which is removed by evaporation using an apparatus. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein water and / or the organic solvent is removed by evaporation so that the concentration of the non-evaporated component after evaporation is 10 to 60% by weight. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic solvent is a ketone solvent and / or an aromatic solvent .

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