JP3794654B2 - Aperture structure and aperture construction method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an opening structure of a building constructed by a wall-type structure method, and more particularly to an opening structure capable of forming a large opening.
[0002]
[Background Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
As one of the structural methods of buildings, there is known a wall-type structure method in which a building is constituted by only a planar structure such as a wall body or a floorboard, such as a panel method.
[0003]
In such a wall structure method, various restrictions are provided in order to ensure mechanical safety. In particular, for openings, the ratio of the openings on the wall surface is severely limited because it is necessary to secure a bearing wall that supports vertical loads and horizontal loads. It was difficult to form the opening.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an opening structure capable of forming a large opening while maintaining the strength of the entire building in a building constructed by a wall structure method. There is.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is an opening structure of a building constructed by a wall structure method.
Four pillars installed one by one at intervals to form the corners of the rectangular area to support the sharp load and form four openings;
Wherein the installed adjacent to the said post at both sides of the opening, and characterized in that at least the anda wall for supporting the horizontal load applied to the column, living space communicated by the opening that faces is formed To do.
[0006]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a large opening is formed in a building constructed by the wall structure method by combining a column supporting a vertical load and a wall supporting a horizontal load applied to the column. It becomes possible.
[0007]
In other words, by providing pillars that support the vertical load at both ends of the opening, even if a large opening is formed, the pillar and the remaining load-bearing wall can support the vertical load of the upper structure. It becomes possible. This is because the pillar can be given arbitrary strength by variously setting its material, thickness, cross-sectional shape, etc., and therefore can support a large vertical load as compared with the occupied area. Further, the wall that supports the horizontal load applied to the column is installed adjacent to the column, so that the column is unlikely to fall down or break. For this reason, it becomes possible to support a vertical load reliably with a pillar.
[0008]
Therefore, the thickness, material, and the like of the column used here are determined by structural calculation in consideration of the magnitude of the vertical load that the column should support. The vertical load to be supported by the column is determined by the difference between the vertical load that can be supported by the load bearing wall remaining after the opening is formed and the structural load resistance required for maintaining the building. Specifically, for example, it is conceivable to use a steel member or a member made of laminated material as a pillar. In addition, when using the raw material which has intensity | strength as a pillar, since the pillar itself can be formed thinly, it becomes possible to form an opening part still larger and is preferable.
[0009]
Further, the type and configuration of the wall are not particularly limited as long as the wall can support the horizontal load applied to the column when it is installed adjacent to the column.
[0010]
In addition, in order to support the horizontal load concerning a pillar reliably, it is preferable that a wall is installed by making one side end surface contact | abut to the side surface of a pillar. Further, it is preferable that the wall is tightly coupled to the column because the horizontal load applied to the column is more reliably transmitted to the wall, and the column is more unlikely to fall than when it is simply brought into contact with and adjacent to the wall.
[0011]
Thus, by partially combining the columns, it is possible to form a large opening while maintaining the structural strength of the entire building constructed by the wall structure method.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the wall also supports a vertical load.
[0013]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the wall installed adjacent to the pillar supports the vertical load, so that the structural strength of the entire building can be maintained more reliably than in the case of the first aspect of the present invention. However, it is possible to form a large opening.
[0014]
Here, the wall is fastened to the upper structure and the lower structure in order to support both a horizontal load and a vertical load. The fastening means is not particularly limited, but is preferably an anchor bolt or other bolt.
[0015]
The invention described in claim 3 is an opening construction method for constructing an opening having the opening structure described in claim 1 or claim 2,
Forming the four pillars at predetermined positions one by one at intervals so as to form corners of a rectangular region, and forming four openings ;
See containing and a step of installing the wall adjacent to the said post, said opening facing to and forming a living space communicating.
[0016]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is easy to position the wall panels installed adjacent to each other by installing the columns first. Therefore, construction work can be performed quickly.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example in which an opening structure according to the present invention is realized using a panel method.
[0019]
In the figure, four pillars 10 are installed one by one so as to form a corner of a rectangular region, and the upper ends of the pillars 10 adjacent to each other are connected by a beam 12, and four openings are formed. Part 100 is formed. The column 10 on the front side of the figure has the wall panel 20, the wall panel 22 on the column 10 on the left side of the figure, the wall panels 30 and 24 on the column 10 on the back side of the figure, and the columns on the right side of the figure. 10, wall panels 26 and 28 are installed adjacent to each other.
[0020]
The column 10 is a vertically long member having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and is formed of a laminated material. Further, when the beam 12 is connected to the upper end portion, the upper surface of the beam 12 and the upper end surface of the wall panel 20 etc. adjacent to the column 10 are substantially flush with each other.
[0021]
Here, since the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, the wall panels 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 can be brought into contact with and connected to the side surfaces of the pillar 10. For this reason, it is easy to transmit a horizontal load to the adjacent wall panel 20 or the like. Moreover, since the laminated material formed artificially is used, the pillar 10 which has arbitrary thickness and intensity | strength can be formed easily. For this reason, it becomes possible to form the opening part 100 large by forming the relatively thin and strong column 10. Note that the laminated material refers to a material that is formed so as to be capable of supporting a load by collecting cut-out portions or the like that are generated when a log is formed into a square material or a plate material. Since the part that is originally discarded is reused, it is economically superior and has the property of easily equalizing the quality.
[0022]
The column 10 is installed so that its longitudinal direction is substantially perpendicular to a floor surface (not shown), and the lower end is fastened to the floor and the upper end is fastened to the beam 12. Thereby, the vertical load applied from the beam 12 and its upper structure can be reliably supported by the column 10. The fastening means is not particularly limited. For example, it is conceivable to use anchor bolts or other bolts or nails.
[0023]
By installing the pillars 10 at both ends of the opening 100, the opening 100 can be formed larger without reducing the structural strength of the building. Further, as shown in the figure, a plurality of large openings 100 can be formed adjacent to each other. That is, when the opening 100 is enlarged, the amount of the wall panel that supports the vertical load is relatively reduced, but the structural strength against the vertical load of the entire building can be supplemented by the pillar 10. For this reason, the thickness, cross-sectional shape, material, and the like of the column 10 are determined based on the structural calculation so that the load of the upper structure can be reliably supported.
[0024]
In the present embodiment, the laminated material is used as the pillars 10, but the pillars 10 can be formed of members made of other materials as long as they have a desired strength. For example, a steel frame, normal wood, etc. can be used. In addition, when using a steel frame material as the pillar 10, since it has intensity | strength from a laminated material or wood, the pillar 10 can be formed more narrowly than the case where a laminated material etc. are used. Therefore, it is possible to form a wider opening.
[0025]
The beam 12 is formed of a square member that is slightly longer than the interval between two adjacent pillars 10, and both ends are fastened to the pillars 10.
[0026]
In this way, by forming the upper portion of the opening 100 using the beam 12, the opening height of the opening 100 can be increased.
[0027]
Further, by fixing both ends of the beam 12 to the beam 10 instead of the wall panel 20 or the like, the vertical load from above the opening 100 is transmitted only to the column 10. Thereby, the vertical load support function of the column 10 can be exhibited reliably. Further, the presence of the beam 12 allows the horizontal load applied to each column 10 from the outside of the opening 100 to be applied to the column 10 that forms the side end on the opposite side of the opening 100 and the wall adjacent to the column 10. Smooth transmission to the panel 20 or the like is possible.
[0028]
The thickness and material of the beam 12 are determined in consideration of the size of the opening 100 and the size of the vertical load applied to the beam 12. As a specific material, for example, it is conceivable to use a steel material or the like in addition to normal wood and laminated wood.
[0029]
The wall panels 20, 26, 28, and 30 are formed by sticking a face material made of plywood on both sides of a rectangular frame. The wall panels 22 and 24 are composite panels formed by connecting a plurality of wall panels having the same configuration as the wall panel 20 and the like in advance. Among these wall panels 20 and the like, the wall panels 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 form a bearing wall that can withstand both a horizontal load and a vertical load.
[0030]
Here, each wall panel 20 or the like is installed such that one side end face is brought into contact with the side surface of the column 10. Moreover, although it is not clear from the figure, the column is fastened by a panel joint metal (not shown). For this reason, the horizontal load applied to the column 10 is reliably transmitted to the wall panel 20 or the like and supported by the wall panel 20 or the like. Thereby, it is prevented that the pillar 10 breaks or falls down due to the horizontal load. In addition, a panel joint metal fitting consists of a male metal object provided with an engaging part, and a female metal object provided with a to-be-engaged part, and the metal object which joins a panel by sliding and engaging a male metal object and a female metal object mutually. Say. Although it is originally used for joining panels, it can also be used for joining the wall panel 20 or the like to the column 10.
[0031]
Furthermore, since the wall panels 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 form a bearing wall, the vertical load borne by the column 10 is relatively small. For this reason, the pillar 10 can be formed relatively thin.
[0032]
The wall panels 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 forming the bearing wall are anchored to a ceiling or other upper structure (not shown) and a lower structure such as a floor so as to withstand horizontal loads and vertical loads. Tightened with bolts.
[0033]
By having the structure as described above, the opening 100 can be formed as a large opening having, for example, the entire surface of the room as the opening. In particular, when the plurality of openings 100 are formed so as to face each other as in this embodiment, it is possible to form a large space having a size that is impossible with the conventional panel method.
[0034]
Next, the construction method of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0035]
First, the column 10 is erected at a predetermined position, and the lower end portion is securely fixed to the erected position by an anchor bolt or the like. Next, the beam 12 is stretched over the column 10 and fixed to the column 10. At this time, the end portions of the two beams 12 that meet on the column 10 are combined by a notch or the like so that both are fixed on the column 10 with good balance. Thereafter, the wall panels 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 are erected at predetermined positions adjacent to the pillar 10. And about wall panel 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 which forms a bearing wall, a lower end part is fixed to a standing surface with an anchor bolt etc.
[0036]
At this time, the wall panel 20 or the like is joined to the column 10 using a panel joining hardware (not shown). In that case, specifically, joining is performed in the following procedure.
[0037]
First, one of the male metal or the female metal constituting the panel joint metal is attached to the column 10, and the other is attached to the end of each wall panel 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 to be joined. Then, after the wall panel 20 or the like is lifted to approach the pillar 10, the wall panel 20 or the like is pushed down to the standing surface. Thereby, a male metal object and a female metal object are mutually engaged, and the pillar 10 and the wall panel 20 grade | etc., Are joined closely.
[0038]
When following such a procedure, the position of the opening 100 and the standing position of the adjacent wall panel 20 and the like are clarified, so that the installation work of the wall panel 20 and the like can be performed quickly. It is also possible to install the column 10 and the beam 12 after the wall panel 20 or the like is erected first.
[0039]
In the present embodiment, the case where the beam 12 is connected to the upper part of the column 10 has been described, but the beam 12 may be omitted. In that case, the height of the wall panel 20 and the like and the height of the pillar 10 are aligned, and the upper ends of the pillar 10 and the wall panel 20 are directly connected to the upper structure. Alternatively, a small wall panel may be connected instead of the beam 12. In that case, a small wall panel is connected to the upper end of the column 10 so that the vertical load of the small wall panel is applied to the column 10.
[0040]
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a reference plan for the first floor layout when the opening structure according to the present invention is applied to the inside of a building.
[0041]
In the figure, four pillars 110, 112, 114, and 116 are installed at substantially the center of the first floor, and the inner wall panels 120, 122, 124, 132, and 134 and the outer wall panel 126 are adjacent to the pillars 110 and the like. , 128, and 130, and the surrounding area is surrounded by other outer wall panels to form the first floor of the building.
[0042]
Moreover, the opening 200 between the pillars 110 and 112 and the opening 210 between the pillars 114 and 116 are communicated with each other, so that a vast living-dining kitchen 300 is formed at the center of the first floor. For this reason, a wide and comfortable living space can be obtained. Further, such a large space can be used by being divided into smaller spaces as required by attaching a movable partition wall or an accordion door. In addition, it is easy to change the floor plan for home renovation.
[0043]
Thus, when applying the opening part structure of this invention to the inside of the house constructed | assembled by the wall-type structure method, it becomes possible to construct a house which has a vast space and is comfortable and livable.
[0044]
Note that the pillars 110, 112, 114, and 116 have the same configuration as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and their upper portions are connected by beams (not shown). Although not clear from the figure, the inner wall panel 120 and the like and the outer wall panel 126 and the like are load-bearing walls and are tightly coupled to the pillar 110 and the like.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the invention described in claim 1, the large opening can be formed while maintaining the strength of the entire building constructed by the wall structure method by partially combining the columns. It becomes possible.
[0046]
In particular, according to the invention described in claim 2, since the wall adjacent to the pillar is a load-bearing wall, the large opening while maintaining the structural strength of the entire building more reliably than in the case of the invention described in claim 1. Can be formed.
[0047]
Further, according to the invention described in claim 3, since the positioning of the wall adjacent to the pillar is facilitated, the construction work can be performed quickly.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a reference plan of a floor plan when the present invention is applied to an opening in a building.
[Explanation of symbols]
(Figure 1)
10 Pillars 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 Wall panel (Figure 2)
110, 112, 114, 116 Column 120, 122, 124, 132, 134 Wall panel (inner wall panel)
126, 128, 130 Wall panel (outer wall panel)

Claims (3)

In the opening structure of a building constructed by the wall structure method,
Four pillars installed one by one at intervals to form the corners of the rectangular area to support the sharp load and form four openings;
Wherein the installed adjacent to the said post at both sides of the opening, and characterized in that at least the anda wall for supporting the horizontal load applied to the column, living space communicated by the opening that faces is formed Opening structure. In claim 1,
The opening structure characterized in that the wall also supports a vertical load. An opening construction method for constructing an opening having the opening structure according to claim 1 or 2,
Forming the four pillars at predetermined positions one by one at intervals so as to form corners of a rectangular region, and forming four openings ;
Wherein the step of installing in the wall adjacent to the said post, seen including the openings constructed wherein said opening portion opposite to and forming a living space communicating.

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