JP3794641B2 - Method for improving the reliability of AIS transmission / reception information - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for improving the reliability of transmission / reception information in AIS communication.

  An AIS device (Automatic Identification System) is a navigation device that is obliged to be mounted on a ship under the SOLAS Convention (The International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea). Using two internationally allocated VHF radio frequencies managed by Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), ship's name, ship type, etc. The information (hereinafter referred to as “unique information”) for clarifying the contents of the information and the navigational information (hereinafter referred to as “dynamic information”) that changes from time to time such as position, speed, course, etc. are constantly transmitted, and VHF Receives similar transmissions from similar ships within the radio notification range (hereinafter referred to as “Nearby”), and transmits the unique information and dynamic information of the ship navigating in the vicinity (hereinafter referred to as “Nearby Ship”) By providing it to the operator, it helps to identify nearby vessels and grasp the navigation status. Since these operations are performed autonomously and automatically by the AIS device, the operator can continuously know the presence and trends of nearby vessels without any awareness of communication.

  This device and network, if it is not automatically and autonomously transmitting as defined in the SOLAS Convention and standards, is a navigation device and can pose a great risk to vessel operation.

  For example, a ship operator can turn off the power of the AIS device and stop transmission, thereby concealing his / her location from a nearby ship and making it impossible to identify someone. Normally, AIS equipment is not allowed to turn off the power unless there is a special reason, and is determined to be constantly sending notifications. Can be mistaken. This is generally called a transmission stop problem.

  In addition, the AIS device obtains its own ship's dynamic information from external sensors, and the unique information is also manually input by the operator, so the operator can create and send the input information to nearby ships. It is not impossible to misrepresent yourself or to make your behavior look different. This is called the misrepresentation / forgery problem.

  Furthermore, as one form of the above-mentioned misrepresentation / forgery, it is also possible to perform transmission that forges the presence of a ship on the sea where false dynamic information indicates nothing from a location completely different from the contents of the report . “Report” is a standard information transmission / reception unit, and 22 types are defined for each purpose. There are those that send and receive telegrams and management information in addition to dynamic information and unique information. Absence is apparent from visual and radar images, but the AIS equipment does not have a way to distinguish between reports that are collecting and transmitting dynamic information correctly and forged reports, and affects operator's maneuvering Can do. Such a forgery is called the intangible transmission problem.

  As a further form of the intangible transmission, it is also possible to transmit a message intentionally created by another person in the same slot as a message in which a certain vessel correctly collects and transmits information. “Slot” is a name indicating the timing of sending and receiving a message in the time division multiple access AIS communication. It is usually useful as a navigation equipment that multiple reports that occupy the same slot and interfere with each other receive a report with a large received power transmitted from a nearby location due to a difference in received power, while suppressing other reports. Even if the ship intends to transmit information correctly, it is disadvantageous in that it can receive a forged message from a nearby ship and cause damage. This is called the misrepresentation / forgery issue.

  In recent years, the VTS station (Vessel Traffic Service) that conducts maritime traffic control of the Competent Authority with the AIS device and the main body of the route buoy (Aid-to-Navigation) that instructs the route and navigation method to the coast as an AIS device Virtual route buoys, etc. that have been installed and realized by the above intangible reports have been proposed, but the other person's spoofing / forgery reports as mentioned above are important reports of maritime traffic control operated by the competent authorities. It can be a particularly serious safety issue when there is interference, or when a false report regarding traffic control is misrepresented.

  Because of the above problems, it is recommended that the information provided by the conventional AIS equipment is always checked and confirmed by the operator's visual inspection, and if it is mounted, by observation with a radar equipment, etc. Yes. In addition, complete confirmation is difficult unless specialized personnel perform the above confirmation work. For this reason, the AIS apparatus has a great advantage of high accuracy and high accuracy and is used only for reference.

The related literature of the present invention is listed below. The SOLAS Convention Chapter V of Non-Patent Document 1 is a rule that obligates ships to install an AIS device, Non-Patent Document 2 is an international performance standard of the AIS device, and Non-Patent Document 3 receives the performance standard. Non-Patent Document 4 defines a standard for inspecting the electrical characteristics.
SOLAS Convention Chapter V International Maritime Organization Maritime Safety Committee Resolution 74 (69) Annex 3 ITU-R M1371-1 IEC61993-2

The following Patent Documents 1 and 2 devised to improve the visibility of overlapping symbols when displaying the display information of the AIS device and the display information of the ARPA radar device together so that the above collation and confirmation work can be easily performed. It is a patent application. Patent Document 3 is a US patent considered as a basic patent for an AIS apparatus.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-372583 JP 2003-048595 A US Pat. No. 5,506,587

  The present invention is based on a conventionally known AIS device and basically follows a communication method and communication procedure, and can discriminate transmission suspension, both spoofing / forgery and intangible transmission without losing its advantages. The AIS device automatically provides the operator or the competent authority to urge warning, and as a result, the reliability of the information displayed and provided by the AIS device is improved.

  The first basic idea for solving the above problems is the combined use of a radar drawing support function (Radar Plotting Aid; RPA), and the second is the application of an authentication method using public key cryptography. In both cases, the effect of solving the problem is recognized, but the effect of the first idea is limited, and the second idea is difficult to apply structurally to follow the communication method and communication procedure of the AIS device. . In the following, sub-problems that enable these two ideas to be realized are shown, and specific problem-solving means for solving them are described.

  The first basic idea is more reliable by automating that it is recommended to refer to information that can be output by an existing device such as a radar device when using display information of an AIS device. Is to be able to do it.

(Secondary issue of using radar drawing support function)
Of the radar drawing support functions, an ARPA function (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) automatically determines a moving body from a radar image and tracks it to calculate information including position, speed, and course. This information is called radar symbol information. The marine navigation equipment has a standardized interface, and it is relatively easy to acquire radar symbol information from an existing ARPA radar device (a radar device having an ARPA function) every moment. In the following, it is assumed that radar symbol information is acquired from the ARPA radar device. However, if there is a more appropriate device or function capable of providing radar symbol information having the above-described automatic discrimination, tracking, and information calculation functions. The “ARPA radar device” described below is replaced with the device or function.

  Since the radar symbol information is related to the entity of the object to be measured that is automatically collected, it is automatically compared and verified with the dynamic information received by the AIS device. If provided, it is expected to solve the transmission stop problem in which the AIS report is not transmitted with the entity and the intangible transmission problem in which the entity does not accompany the position indicated by the AIS report.

  However, only a very small percentage of ships are required to mount ARPA radar equipment under the SOLAS Convention, and the solution to only a few ships has little effect to drive off the problem. Therefore, if the above warning information can be provided even in a ship not equipped with an ARPA radar device, the support can be widely spread and the problem eradicated.

  That is, regardless of whether the ARPA radar apparatus is installed, a ship facing the above problem is equipped with an AIS apparatus. The AIS device is characterized in that it communicates while being a navigation device, and it is possible to define and add a communication procedure for transmitting warning information and transmit it by a report. Provision of the warning information can be realized by receiving a notification including warning information from a ship that also has the ARPA radar device via the AIS network.

(Problem solving means combined with radar drawing support function)
From the above, the problem solving means using the radar drawing support function can be described by the following first method and second method.

(First method)
The AIS device of the ship with the ARPA radar device is connected to the ARPA radar device via the interface,
Comparing the dynamic information of the nearby ship to be received with the radar symbol information acquired from the ARPA radar device,
Radar symbol information with no dynamic information for which a predetermined match is recognized is set as transmission stop warning information, and dynamic information without radar symbol information with a predetermined match is set as intangible notification warning information,
The warning information is displayed on a display device to alert the operator to warning, and the warning information is converted into a report and transmitted to a nearby vessel.
This problem solving means corresponds to claim 1.

  Note that a new report definition for sending and receiving the reference and warning information for the comparison process will be described later (Embodiment 1). A report based on this report definition is called a warning report. It is desirable that the AIS device expands the notification process so that the warning notification and the warning information can be converted into each other, and when the vessel on which the ARPA radar device is mounted together obtains the warning information, it is desirable to promptly send the notification to make it known.

(Second method)
The AIS device of the ship not mounting the ARPA radar device receives the notification from the ARPA radar device mounting ship and acquires the warning information,
Of the warning information, the intangible notification warning information is constantly compared with the dynamic information obtained by the AIS device, and only the warning information for which a predetermined match is recognized is adopted.
It further includes displaying the transmission stop alert information and / or the adopted insubstantial alert alert information on a display device to prompt the operator to be alert.
This problem solving means corresponds to claim 2.

Since the AIS device of the ship not mounting the ARPA radar device cannot obtain the radar symbol information, the transmission stop warning information cannot be compared and cannot be displayed as it is.
Since the intangible alert information is obtained by itself, it is efficient to display and verify whether or not the dynamic information is information obtained from the intangible notice. The reference for the comparison verification process will be described later (Embodiment 2).

(Sub-problem of applying authentication method using public key cryptography)
The second basic idea is that only the MMSI number (Maritime Mobile Service Identify number, a unique number that is publicly allocated for each ship movement service) included in the AIS report is information that identifies the sender of the report. Regardless of the fact that it can be easily altered, it applies an authentication method based on public key cryptography, which is a sender guarantee means that is mathematically difficult to alter, and adds identification information that the sender cannot forge to the AIS report. It is to make deterrent of forgery.

  The public key encryption authentication method to be applied is the most basic configuration known in the art. If it can be applied to transmission / reception of an AIS device, it is possible to obtain an effect of solving the problem of spoofing / forgery of self-other reports. However, there are some points where the information transmission / reception of the AIS device cannot satisfy the preconditions of the conventionally known embodiment.

  First, it is necessary to connect to a certificate authority at any time and obtain a necessary public key. However, in order for a ship to freely connect to a certificate authority during a voyage, a data communication wireless line that can be connected in any sea area is required. In marine radio communication, satellite communication corresponds to this, but communication cost is expensive and utilization is not preferable from the viewpoint of operation cost. Therefore, a secondary issue is to eliminate the need for wireless connection during navigation.

  Second, although an interactive communication procedure for authentication communication is required, AIS communication has the advantage that it is a network that does not have an interactive communication procedure, and adding it specially reduces efficiency. Invite. Therefore, a secondary problem is that authentication communication can be performed without an interactive communication procedure.

  Third, the data to be authenticated is often sent and received as a whole, and the data body, encrypted data (signature), and public key information (certificate) must be sent and received without any loss. In AIS communication, which is advantageous in that it is not necessary to determine how many notifications will be sent and received. Therefore, it is preferable that the notation conditions can be satisfied in units of reports, but there is little room for adding redundant data in reports. Therefore, a secondary problem is that authentication processing is established for each report without adding redundant data.

  Fourthly, in order to minimize the risk of leakage of the private key, the public key / secret key for authentication is usually generated by the user himself and the public key is deposited with the certificate authority. In this case, it is assumed that the ship operator performs fraud or the safety management awareness is sparse. Nevertheless, if the problem is to process each notification (the minimum size of the notification is only 256 bits), the key length is inevitably shortened, frequently and neglected. It is necessary to update the public / private key without any changes. Therefore, a secondary problem is to prevent fraud by the operator and to constantly update the secret key provided by the certificate authority in a short period of time.

(Key set loan method)
Due to the above secondary problems, a new concept is required to apply the authentication method while following the AIS communication method.

  Due to the first sub-problem, a system that provides all public keys in advance before voyage as a system that does not wirelessly connect to the certificate authority during voyage. If the AIS apparatus holds, as a database, public keys corresponding to all secret keys that may be used, it is possible to eliminate the premise of obtaining a public key necessary for wireless connection.

  However, in the deposit system, it is not possible to guarantee that all necessary public keys can be held in advance because the ship cannot obtain a newly deposited public key during the voyage by wireless connection. In order to solve this, the certificate authority generates in advance all the public key pairs corresponding to the private key, and a lending method is provided in which any one private key is lent in addition to all the public keys. With this method, the guarantee is valid.

  However, in consideration of the fourth subsidiary problem, the communication path at the time of lending must have high security. For this, assuming that the CA server system is installed in a wide area network with well-known security measures, access points of the network are placed at each port, and the AIS device is equipped with hardware and software necessary for network connection. Connect only at points. Also, a secret key is lent for each voyage to ensure that the key life is kept short.

  In order to prevent a ship operator from performing fraud, it is desirable that encryption be performed by a certificate authority and that encrypted information be transmitted. Since the unique information is hardly changed during the voyage, this method is used to prevent fraud. However, since dynamic information always changes, a secret key must be passed. However, if it is impossible to forge the secret key, evidence of authentication information remains in the fraudulent act of the information itself, and a deterrent effect can be expected.

  Since the key length must be shortened, the combination of the private key and public key held by the certificate authority must be updated in the shortest possible time. If a private key that has been updated from a certain private key that has been lent is immediately lent, the AIS device of the ship that is currently sailing does not hold the updated public key, and therefore the above-mentioned guarantee is no longer valid. Since all of the AIS devices should have received a private key loan, if the certificate authority always keeps track of the private key loan status and always returns the loan private key at the end of the cruise, It is possible to realize a process of “allowing to lend after all private keys lent at the time of renewal have been returned” for the keys, and all private keys are reliably updated in a minimum period of the voyage period of the ship with the loaned AIS device .

  The key set lending method for applying the public key encryption authentication method for solving the above series of problems to AIS communication is realized by the following first and second methods.

(First method)
A certificate authority is a server system installed in a secure network,
Private key for lending, private key for internal use, public key corresponding to each private key, key identifier that is an identifier of each record that contains these multiple keys, and the loan status of each record as “unrented” or “loaned” A record consisting of the fields of status data indicated as “in” or “in preparation”, and a return queue in which the key identifiers of all key sets currently being loaned in the record whose status data is “in preparation” are listed. Are stored in a key set database composed of a number of records sufficiently larger than the number of participating ships. This method corresponds to claim 3.

(Second method)
The certificate authority
In response to a key lending application attached to the ship's unique information, which is sent to the Certification Authority by the AIS device of each ship that is about to leave the port via the access point installed at the port,
In the key set database, one is randomly selected from all the records whose status data is “unrented”, the status data of the selected record is changed to “lending”, and the inside of the selected record The private information attached to the application is encrypted using a private key for generating encrypted unique information, and the public keys and key identifiers of all records in the key set database are extracted regardless of the state. The public key database is configured, and the private key for lending of the selected record, the encryption unique information, and the public key database are used as a lending key set, which is sent to the AIS device via the access point. ,
In response to a key return application attached to the ship's lending key set that the AIS device of each ship that intends to enter the port after voyage sends to the certification authority via the access point installed in the port,
Delete / discard the record of the lent key set lent to the ship in the key set database, and include a new lent secret key, an internal secret key, and a new record including a public key corresponding to each secret key Is added to the key set database, the status data is set to “Preparing” so that it is not a candidate for loan, and the key identifiers of all records that are currently “Lending” are added to the new key set database. Record the generated records in the return queue,
If there is a key identifier for each of the returned key sets in each return queue of all records that are “in preparation” at that time, delete it, and as a result, the return queue becomes empty The record further includes changing the status data from “in preparation” to “not loaned” to become a candidate for loan. This method corresponds to claim 4.

(Method to make key set lending method applicable to AIS communication)
According to the key set lending method realized by the first and second methods, the AIS device of the ship under voyage always has a normal secret key for encryption to obtain authentication of a transmission message and a normal secret key. A public key database that is guaranteed to include the corresponding public key is maintained.
In order to perform authentication communication by AIS notification, a method that enables authentication processing for each notification is preferable from the third subsidiary problem. However, at the same time, from the second sub-task, without the interactive communication procedure and without expanding the report itself, in addition to the report data, the encrypted data and the corresponding public key information are obtained. Must be able to.

  As a method for obtaining a corresponding public key, a sequential public key trial decryption method is used by utilizing all necessary public keys in advance. If the encryption is performed with a regular private key from the guarantee, the corresponding public key is always obtained. Conversely, if the encryption is performed with an illegal private key or the private key is not encrypted, the public key is not always obtained. Notifying and reporting information that may be fraudulent will greatly contribute to navigation safety, so it is desirable that when the public key cannot be obtained, it cannot be decrypted. Accordingly, it is not necessary to transmit the corresponding public key information separately or in combination.

  For authentication, it is necessary to send the data body as a target to be compared with the decrypted encrypted data. However, the dynamic information and unique information of the AIS report are not completely identical, but are repeatedly transmitted. Is used as an alternate transmission method for encrypted / unencrypted notifications. The above-described decryption method is applied to the encrypted message, and an authentication method is established for comparison with unencrypted messages received before and after. This eliminates the need to extend the report to attach the encrypted data to the data body.

  When encrypting the message, only the data part including the MMSI number is encrypted and replaced, and the receiving AIS device also needs information for distinguishing between the encrypted message and the non-encrypted message. Although it is a bit, it is not preferable. Therefore, it is possible to use a mathematical characteristic that “the plaintexts with slightly different data contents can be compared, but if the plaintexts are encrypted, the ciphertexts are similar but not similar”. If a certain AIS device continuously receives 3 or 4 of the same type of messages that are alternately encrypted and transmitted, two of them are always unencrypted messages, and a certain degree of agreement is recognized by comparison. If there is no report that matches, it can be regarded as an encrypted report, and it is possible to compare a decrypted result with a report that has already been recognized as a non-encrypted report, thus establishing an authentication method.

  A message encryption / decryption method that applies an authentication method based on public key encryption that solves the above series of problems to AIS communication is realized by the following third and fourth methods.

(Third method)
When the AIS device of each ship that is sailing while holding the loan key set lent by the certificate authority sends information on its own ship,
For dynamic information reports, unique information reports and other reports, count the number of transmissions using a counter,
In the odd number of times, the report generated with the standard report configuration is output to the transmission circuit without being encrypted,
In the even number of times, if the generated report is a unique information report, the encrypted unique information in the lending key set is replaced with the encrypted unique information. Otherwise, the lending private key in the lending key set is used. Is further included, and the encryption report thus obtained is output to the transmission circuit. This method corresponds to claim 5.

  When transmitting the information, the operator of the AIS apparatus must transmit the unique information at the time of application because the unique information is encrypted by the certificate authority. If it is necessary to change the unique information during the voyage, the AIS device will deal with it by changing the content of the unique information report that is not encrypted. Display method to clarify the difference between the unique information at the time of departure (encrypted unique information) and the current information when the content of the unique information report is different in the message decryption process (fourth method) described later Is provided.

(4th method)
When the AIS device of each ship that holds a loan key set loaned from a certificate authority receives a notification,
Store the received unknown report in the reception report buffer,
When there is an unknown message in which a predetermined match is recognized by comparing and collating the received unknown message with each of the other unknown messages already existing in the received message buffer, the two messages that have been compared and collated are As a set of sent non-encrypted notifications, move them to the non-encrypted notification buffer in a batch,
As a result of the comparison, if there is no unknown message for which a predetermined match is recognized, it is assumed that the received unknown message is an encrypted message transmitted at the even number of times, and the public key in the loan key set is added to this. A set of unencrypted reports that are decrypted by sequentially applying the public key contained in the database, and the decryption result is compared with each of the unencrypted report pairs in the unencrypted report buffer. If there is no, repeat the trial,
When there is a set of non-encrypted notifications for which a predetermined match is recognized in the trial, the decrypted notification and the set of non-encrypted notifications for which the predetermined match is recognized are collectively referred to as a normal notification. Display the identifier of the public key that has been successfully processed and the authentication information of the legitimate report,
If the predetermined match is not obtained even when all the public keys in the public key database are tried, the received unknown message remains in the received message buffer and is used as a comparison target when a new received unknown message is obtained. Served
If the notification without the predetermined match remains in the reception notification buffer or the non-encrypted notification buffer for a predetermined period or longer, it is determined that the notification is an illegal secret key notification or a notification from a conventional device. Further includes dismissing and not displaying. This method corresponds to claim 6.

  The unknown message is called a message with no encryption and no corresponding public key information and authentication (a message encryption process using a regular loan key set). In addition to the above, it is assumed that there is a report that uses the secret key that has been illegally generated instead of the loan key set to perform the above processing, or a report that a conventional device transmits without encrypting the report. Because. These reports do not have distinguishable additional information, but the present invention allows discrimination. Note that the reason for rejecting and not displaying a report with an illegal secret key or a conventional device is that the authentication is not clear and it is assumed that there is a risk of fraud such as fraud or misrepresentation in the content of the report, It is responsible for important invention effects.

  As an example of the comparison process, there may be a method of verifying whether the information matches using position, speed, course, and unique information using information such as ship name, ship type, call sign, and the like. In the case of dynamic information, it is unlikely that there will be a perfect match, and the distance between the location information for the two report data to be compared is obtained, and the validity is verified with respect to the speed, course, and specified report interval. Can be considered a match.

  Since remaining messages in the unknown message buffer or unencrypted message buffer increase the number of repetitions of comparison trials, messages that are unlikely to be authenticated must be rejected. The message decryption mechanism is a mechanism in which the success or failure of the authentication becomes clear if 3 to 4 of the same kind of report of any AIS device holding the regular loan key set is received. A period to be rejected is required from about double.

  In order to speed up sequential decryption trials, a public key that has already been clarified as authentication information is moved to the higher rank in the order of sequential trials. The authentication information is a pair of a key identifier of a record to which a public key that has been identified and an MMSI number that is an identification number unique to each AIS included in the notification belongs. The authentication information obtained for the dynamic information report and the same information obtained for the specific information report must match. If they do not match, there is a possibility of fraud, and measures such as rejection are taken.

(Auxiliary system for dealing with theft and copying of loaned key sets)
By the first to fourth methods described above, the authentication method using public key cryptography can be applied to AIS communication. For transmission of specific information, spoofing and forgery are impossible, and for transmission of dynamic information, forgery is possible but evidence of authentication information remains. The only way to conceal or forge while hiding your identity is to steal or duplicate a legitimate loan key set.

  There is also the fourth sub-problem described above, and security should be applied to information stored in the AIS device, but this is not easy. Therefore, effective monitoring is to detect a plurality of AIS devices that perform message encryption using the same secret key. VTS stations, which are AIS devices for traffic control that are operated by the competent authorities and are located at the important points of maritime traffic, are planned to be connected to each other via a secure network, and there is a risk of the fraud. A plurality of AIS devices can be monitored, automatically detected and urged to be alerted.

  A key multiple use detection method in AIS communication to which an authentication method by public key cryptography that solves the above problems is applied is realized by the following fifth method.

(Fifth method)
VTS stations connected to each other via a secure network
The received notification from the nearby vessel is decrypted by the processing of the received unknown notification,
The authentication information obtained in the decoding process is stored in the authentication information buffer of the local station, and the contents of the authentication information buffer of another VTS station are searched through the network, and the acquired authentication information matches. Search for what to do,
As a result of the search, when duplicate authentication information is found between the VTS stations, a notification is issued to warn that any one of the authentication information has been obtained by a report of possible misuse based on theft or duplication. Further comprising sending a warning to nearby ships including the sending ship of the notification that is likely to be fraudulent.
This method corresponds to claim 7.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is only necessary to pay attention to the warning information that is automatically generated / displayed for a ship operator who also mounts the ARPA radar apparatus without constantly comparing and confirming the dynamic information and the radar image. This makes it easy to evaluate the reliability of received messages.

According to the first and second aspects of the invention, the warning information can be displayed and provided not only by the ship having the ARPA radar apparatus mounted thereon but also by the AIS apparatus of the ship not mounting the radar apparatus or the like. It becomes possible to evaluate that reliability evaluation was impossible at all.
In addition, ships that stop transmission and transmission of intangible reports are widely recognized and warned, and a deterrent effect closer to eradication can be expected.

  According to the third and fourth aspects of the present invention, an authentication method based on public key cryptography of a key set lending method is realized. The scheme includes a mechanism that ensures that public keys corresponding to all secret keys that may be used without obtaining a secret key required for in-voyage wireless connection are retained. In addition, since the certificate authority manages the generation and update of the secret key and the encryption of the unique information, measures are taken to cope with the fraud of the operator and low security awareness.

  According to the inventions of claims 5 and 6, a series of problems for applying an authentication method by public key cryptography of a key set lending method to AIS communication is solved, and notification that enables authentication without changing the AIS communication procedure The encryption / decryption function is realized. With this function, a message encrypted using a legitimate loan key set is displayed to perform the specified function of the device and obtain the sender's authentication information as evidence, and other messages are considered to be fraudulent. The notification discriminating effect based on the cryptographic theory that does not mislead the operator's judgment by not displaying is given to the AIS device.

  With the above function, if the operator of the sending AIS device tries to spoof and forgery both by himself and herself, the receiving AIS device will be rejected even if the sending notification is spoofed or forged if the loan key set is not properly loaned. It is meaningless. If you receive a loan and perform fraud and deception, you will leave evidence of authentication information in the receiving AIS device. It is not easy in terms of calculation time to obtain a secret key that is recognized as legitimate from a public key database.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the VTS station has a function of monitoring, automatically detecting and warning the multiple use of the same secret key against the disadvantage of the key set lending method of stealing or using the other party's lending key set. It is given and the deterrent effect can be acquired.

  As described above, according to the inventions of claims 1 to 7, the AIS apparatus automatically copes with various problems that can be assumed by falsification of the contents of the report, following the conventional communication method and communication procedure, with almost no change, Information with guaranteed reliability can be provided to the operator.

(Embodiment using a radar drawing support function)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a first embodiment for the invention of claim 1 and a second embodiment for the invention of claim 2. In the figure, the description in the AIS device 101 of the ARPA radar combined ship corresponds to the first embodiment, and the description in the AIS apparatus 108 of the ship not mounted with the ARPA radar corresponds to the second embodiment. In the figure, reference numerals in the 100s represent functions and related elements of these embodiments, 1000s represent functions and related elements of a known AIS apparatus, and thereafter, reference numerals in the figure × 100s correspond. 2 represents functions and related elements of the embodiment. The dotted line notation indicates that the presence or absence of the function is uncertain.

(Embodiment 1)
The first embodiment relates to processing included in an AIS apparatus 101 mounted on a ship (hereinafter referred to as “ARPA radar ship”) in which a radar apparatus 106 having an ARPA function 107 is mounted together with an AIS apparatus.

  The radar symbol acquisition processing 102 sequentially acquires via the interface 1010 every time the ARPA function 107 updates radar symbol information. The radar symbol information is information on the position, speed, and course of each moving body acquired by the radar device 106 at the time of update. The radar symbol information is transmitted while the AIS device is installed as well as the nearby vessel 110 that is normally installed and transmits the AIS device. It includes a ship that is stopped and a ship 109 that is not equipped with an AIS device.

  In addition, the notification from the AIS device 111 that transmits not only the nearby ship 110 that normally transmits but also the intangible dynamic information is received by the transmission / reception circuit 1005 and is converted into information including dynamic information in the notification processing 1008 Converted.

  The comparison process 103 compares the acquired radar symbol information with dynamic information. Of each radar symbol information and each dynamic information, the position, speed, and course are compared, and the comparison results with small errors are regarded as a match and set as a pair. It is determined that the dynamic information of the set in which the match is recognized relates to the nearby ship 110 that normally transmits its own dynamic information. Hereinafter, the collated dynamic information is referred to.

  In the comparison process, each radar symbol information and each dynamic information are compared, and an error of a vector composed of the position, velocity, and course included in both is calculated, one radar symbol information and one dynamic information A method of searching for an optimal combination that minimizes the mean square error within a range in which any error does not exceed a threshold is considered for a set of vector errors when. The threshold value is obtained from a measurement error of the radar device. Since both pieces of information do not match the acquisition times, it is necessary to interpolate one of them. Unlike the comparison of warning information and dynamic information, which will be described later, the optimal combination that minimizes the average of the set of vector errors is searched. .

  The radar symbol information in which the coincidence is not recognized is determined to be related to the nearby ship 109 on which the AIS device is not transmitting or is not mounted. Radar symbol information for which no match is found is referred to as transmission stop warning information.

  The dynamic information in which the coincidence is not recognized is transmitted from the AIS apparatus 111 that is transmitted from a completely different location or with a content different from its own position, speed, and course. Determined. Such dynamic information for which no match is recognized is referred to as intangible alert information.

  The display device 1009 normally displays the collated dynamic information, displays the transmission stop warning information and the non-actual report warning information together with the fact that each warning should be performed (105), and displays these to the operator 1012. Provided.

  The warning notification process 104 obtains a position, speed, and course for each of the transmission stop warning information and the intangible notification warning information, constitutes a transmission stop warning report or an intangible notification warning report based on the warning notification definition, and an AIS notification process 1008 Then, it is transmitted through the transmission / reception circuit 1005 in the same manner as a known report.

  It is desirable in terms of efficiency that the above warning alert definition is newly defined. Examples of definitions include a report type indicating a warning report, a flag indicating that it is one of a transmission stop warning report and a non-actual report warning report, at least a position equal to or greater than the warning information, speed, and course information It is configured as follows. Bit fields of Preamble, Buffer, Start Flag, End Flag, Message ID (report type), MMSI No. (MMSI number), Repeat Indicator, and FCS are bit standards that constitute other known AIS reports. Defined to define.

(Embodiment 2)
The second embodiment relates to processing included in the AIS device 108 mounted on a ship (hereinafter referred to as “non-ARPA radar ship”) in which the ARPA radar apparatus is not mounted together with the AIS apparatus.

  Since the non-ARPA radar ship does not include the ARPA function 107, the warning information cannot be obtained by the process shown in the first embodiment. Therefore, the warning message received by the transmitting / receiving device 1005 and received and transmitted by each of the nearby ARPA radar vessels 112 (including 101) is received via the AIS notification processing 1008. The warning notification process 104 converts each of the received warning notifications according to the warning notification definition, and sets it as transmission stop warning information or intangible notification warning information.

  Among the warning information, the intangible notification warning information is received by the transmission / reception device 1005 and used for verifying each of the dynamic information obtained by itself through the AIS notification processing 1008. The comparison processing 103 compares each of the acquired insubstantial alert information with the dynamic information acquired by itself, and determines that the dynamic information with which the match is recognized is a report without an entity. On the other hand, the transmission stop warning information is left as it is because there is no radar symbol information to be verified.

  As the comparison process, each intangible alert information and dynamic information are compared, and an error of a vector composed of a position, a speed, and a course included in both is calculated, and a square error average is calculated within a range not exceeding a threshold value. If there is a minimum combination, a method of recognizing the combination as a predetermined match is conceivable. The threshold value is obtained from a measurement error of the radar device. Since both pieces of information do not match the acquisition times, it is necessary to interpolate one of them. Since the warning information is processed at any time as needed, unlike the comparison processing between the radar symbol information and the dynamic information, the optimum combination cannot be searched.

  In the display device 1009, the verified dynamic information is displayed as usual, and dynamic information that is considered to be a notification not accompanied by an entity is displayed together with warning, and for each of the transmission stop warning information, Similarly, it is displayed that the notification of unknown dynamic information other than the specific information unknown and the position, speed, and course is received, together with the fact that it should be warned (105), and provided to the operator 1012.

  The warning message transmitted from the above-mentioned nearby ship can be received not only by the non-ARPA radar ship but also by the ARPA radar ship. In the ARPA radar ship, the received warning message may be used for verifying the warning information obtained by itself. As a result, it is possible to reduce warning information errors caused by radar symbol information errors or comparison errors. The process is briefly shown below.

  For each of the acquired intangible alert information, the comparison process 103 interpolates and compares the reception time of the alert information acquired by itself, and if a match is recognized, the alert information that forms the combination is more reliable. I know it is expensive. Warning information with particularly low reliability may be rejected. The warning information with high reliability may be displayed together.

(Embodiment in which an authentication method using public key cryptography is applied)
FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining the overall configuration of a system comprising Embodiments 3 to 7 according to the third to seventh aspects of the present invention. A block denoted by reference numeral 204 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the third embodiment, and details thereof are shown in FIG. A block denoted by reference numeral 205 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the first half (key lending process) of the fourth embodiment, and details thereof are shown in FIG. The block denoted by reference numeral 213 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the latter half of the fourth embodiment (key set database management processing), and details thereof are shown in FIG. A block denoted by reference numeral 210 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the fifth embodiment, and details thereof are shown in FIG. A block denoted by reference numeral 211 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the sixth embodiment, and details thereof are shown in FIG. A block denoted by reference numeral 219 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the seventh embodiment, and details thereof are shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, a thick line block represents input / output data, and a range surrounded by a thick dotted line indicates that the content block is a component of the loan key set 206. A path indicated by a thick arrow represents a communication path through a secure network. A path to be input / output to / from the AIS networks 1015 and 221 is a multi-input in which each input is output from all output paths to all output destinations. A multi-output route network is modeled. These additional rules shall be the same hereinafter.

  An AIS device 203 mounted on a ship that is about to leave a port (hereinafter referred to as a “departure ship”) is connected to a certificate authority server 201 (on a secure network) via an access point 202 installed in the port management station of the port. Connect to the network (hereinafter referred to as “Certificate Authority”) and apply for a key loan. The certificate authority performs a key lending process 205 for generating a lending key set 206 from the key set database 204 held in response to the application, and sends it to the AIS apparatus via the network connection. The AIS device of the departure ship receives the rental key set and leaves the port.

  A ship equipped with the AIS device 203 holding the rental key set leaves the port and starts sailing for a new port. During the voyage, the AIS device constantly transmits its own dynamic information and unique information, receives and displays similar information of nearby vessels, and supports the navigation of the operator of the vessel.

  At this time, a report generated by the AIS report process (transmission) 1006 to be transmitted and transmitted to the AIS network 1015 via the transmission circuit 1004 passes through the report encryption process 210. This process performs encrypted transmission using the lending private key 207 and the encryption unique information 208 in the lending key set. Further, not only the ship 214 that performs the encrypted transmission by receiving a key set loan from the certificate authority 201 via an arbitrary port management station 217 via the AIS network, but also an illegally generated key set. When receiving by the receiving circuits 1002 and 1003 a report transmitted by a nearby ship, which may include a ship 215 that performs encrypted transmission using a ship or a ship 216 that does not receive key lending and does not perform encrypted transmission Before the reception notification is processed in the normal AIS notification processing (reception) 1007, the notification decryption processing 211 is performed.

  In the above-mentioned report reception status, the report decryption process attempts to decrypt the received report using the public key database 209 in the lending key set. If the report is encrypted using a legitimate lending key set, the public key corresponding to the secret key used for encryption is always included in the public key database and can be decrypted with the corresponding public key. Since the key identifier of the public key coincides with that of the used loan key set, it becomes information for authenticating the holder of the loan key set (hereinafter referred to as “authentication information”). The illegal public key does not have a corresponding public key in the public key database, so the above attempt is not successful and the reception notification is finally rejected. A message by a normal AIS device that is not encrypted is rejected in the same manner because it does not succeed even if an attempt is made to decrypt a message that has not been encrypted.

  When the ship finishes its voyage and enters the port, the AIS device to be mounted is connected to the certification authority via the access point installed in the port management office of the port, and the loan key set to be returned that was lent at the time of departure A key return application with 212 (hereinafter referred to as “return key set”) is made. In response to the application, the certificate authority performs a key set database management process 213 for updating the key set database based on the return key set.

  As an auxiliary system for dealing with secret key stealing or copy usage, multiple use monitoring is performed by a networked VTS station.

  VTS stations are located in key maritime traffic routes and are involved in maritime traffic control. The VTS station 218 performs a message decoding process 211 on the notification received from the nearby vessel or the like via the AIS network 1015 in the same manner as the AIS device 203 mounted on the vessel, and obtains authentication information.

  Since another VTS station 220 also collects authentication information in the same manner, for each of the authentication information obtained by the VTS stations that are connected to each other in the network, is the same authentication information obtained at other locations as well? If a key multiple use detection process 219 for detecting the presence of a plurality of ships that hold and transmit the same lending key set is present at a plurality of locations, a report including warning information is generated and transmitted. This not only warns the ship 222 that performs encrypted transmission with a loan key set for plagiarism or duplication that has not been properly lent, but the illegally damaged ship 214 is aware of the damage, and further to all nearby ships It is possible to urge the vessel displaying the authentication information that is used multiple times to be wary.

(Operational infrastructure related to implementation of Embodiments 3 to 7)
The secure network is a conventionally known method of preventing eavesdropping and alteration on the intermediate route, information fraud, modification, and other than authorized access points other than the administrator and management program in charge of the server system connected via the network. This refers to a network that is protected from connection activities. It is assumed that the certificate authority and the access point are within the secure network and are sufficiently protected as described above, and accept only network connections via local port management stations. Hereinafter, the notation of simply network connection shall be via a secure network.

  The AIS device includes, as the network connection function, for example, hardware such as a modem via a marine telephone that can be connected to a wireless LAN or a public line, and software that performs network connection using the modem.

  The certificate authority is an authorized information providing server system that manages and distributes encryption keys required for sender authentication communication by an authentication method using public key encryption, and may be a single or distributed structure worldwide. In the case of a distributed structure, it is necessary to design the distributed structure so that the certificate authority connected to the network when the ship leaves the port and the certificate authority connected to the network when the ship enters the port are the same in any case.

(Embodiment 3)
The third embodiment relates to the configuration of the key set database 204 held by the certificate authority. FIG. 3 illustrates an example in which the database is simplified. In the figure, the number of participating ships is 3 (ships or ships), the number of records is 9, each row represents each record of the key set database, and each column represents each field of the database.

  The key identifier 301 is assigned a serial number, but need not be a number if each record can be identified. The public key 303 corresponding to the private key for lending 302 and the public key 305 corresponding to the internal private key 304 are generated so that only the private key and the public key having the same symbol are associated with each other. It is key data. The generation method of each key is arbitrary as long as it can be used for normal authentication. The status data 307 indicates the lending status of the record in any of “Lending”, “Not Lending”, and “Preparing”. Application specific information 306 records application specific information of a ship that has applied for lending in the record “Lending”. The return queue 308 records all the key identifiers of records that are being lent at an arbitrary time in the record that is “in preparation”. The number of records actually needs to be more redundant than the number of participating ships. The criteria for the redundant number will be described later.

(Embodiment 4)
Embodiment 4 relates to processing using the key set database performed by a certificate authority upon application, key lending processing 205 performed upon receiving the key lending application, and key set database management processing performed upon receiving a key return application 213 is included.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram and a flow diagram for explaining the key lending process 205. In the flow diagram, a thick line block represents input / output data of processing combined by a horizontal arrow, and represents input or output in the direction of the arrow. A dotted-line frame surrounding the thick-line block specifies a record for recording the input / output data, and represents specific data in the database with the field name of the corresponding reference code described in FIG. 3 described in the block. The same applies hereinafter.

  Attempting to leave the port (401) The AIS device 203 mounted on the ship connects to the access point of the port management station 202 of the port (402), attaches application-specific information to the certification authority 201, and applies for a key loan (403) )I do. The application specific information is equivalent to the specific information normally transmitted by the AIS device, and uses the data of the ship at the time of departure.

  The manager in charge of the port preferably inspects (404) whether or not the content of the application-specific information sent is that of the ship concerned. If there is a discrepancy in the application-specific information, measures such as rejecting the application and instructing re-application may be considered in order to prevent fraud (415).

  Upon receiving the application, the certificate authority searches whether the attached application specific information is registered in the same field of any record in the key set database (405). This process is a process for preventing double lending to the AIS device of the same ship, and the AIS device that has already been lent is rejected even if a new loan application is made while receiving the loan (415).

  As a result of the search, in the case of an application that is not double loan, the certificate authority randomly selects one from all the records whose state data 307 in the key set database 204 is “not loaned” and determines a secret key to be loaned (406) ), The key identifier 301 of the record is extracted. In order to prevent the content of the selected record from being lent out twice, the status data is set to “lending” (407). Note that the random selection of records has the effect of preventing fraud using a situation in which an arbitrary private key can be expected to be lent.

  The certificate authority extracts the lending private key 302 of the selected record and adds it to the lending key set 206 (408). Further, the internal private key 304 is extracted and the attached application specific information is encrypted (409). Application-specific information is recorded in the application-specific information field 306 of the record, and only the encrypted application-specific information (hereinafter referred to as “encryption-specific information”), not the internal private key, is added to the loan key set (410) .

  The certificate authority extracts the key identifier 301 of all records, the public key 303 corresponding to the lending private key, and the public key 305 corresponding to the internal private key, regardless of the state data, from the key set database, and the fields described above The public key database having the same number of records as the key set database is constructed and added to the lent key set (411).

  The certificate authority lends a lending key set consisting of the key identifier of the selected record, the lending private key, the encryption unique information, and the public key database to the AIS device via the network connection (412). The AIS device receives and holds the key set (413) and completes preparation for departure (414).

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram and flowchart illustrating the key set database management process 213.

  Incoming port entry (501) The ship-mounted AIS device 203 is connected to the access point of the port management station 202 of the port in the network (502), and attached to the certification authority 201 at the time of leaving the port with a loan key set 206. The key return application (503) is made. Note that the public key database in the return key set is not particularly processed, and may not be included to reduce the network load.

  Upon receiving the application, the certificate authority obtains a record corresponding to the return key set from the key set database 204 (504). It is verified whether the lending private key 207 in the return key set 212 matches the lending private key of the record (505). Further, the encrypted unique information 208 in the return key set 212 is decrypted with the public key corresponding to the internal secret key of the record (506), and the decrypted unique information is matched with the application unique information of the record. (507). The application-specific information is application-specific information stored in the record by the key lending process 205 when the ship to be returned leaves the port.

  If any of the above verifications fails, it is handled that the return key set is invalid. For example, in response to a report of the verification failure, an administrator in charge of a port may confirm that the return key set transmitted by the AIS device that applied for the return has not been altered on the way, or that the encrypted transmission until the port is entered. It is desirable to investigate whether the return key set has been used (508). If any alteration is found in the applied return key set, measures such as rejecting the application and instructing re-application may be considered in order to prevent fraud (509).

  As a result of the verification, if any alteration is not permitted, it is determined that the lent regular key set has been returned. The record containing the return key set is now terminated and deleted (510) to minimize the risk of decrypting the private key.

  A public key 303 corresponding to the new lending private key 302 and a public key 305 corresponding to the internal private key 304 are generated and added as new records (511). The status data 307 of the new record is set to “Preparing” to make it impossible to lend and prevent the possibility of lending immediately (512). Each key identifier is obtained from all the records that are “lending” at the time of generation of the record, and recorded in the standby queue 308 of the record (513).

  Further, it is determined whether or not each of the other records that are already “in preparation” in the key set database can be lent. It is checked whether the return queue of each record includes the key identifier of the return key set 212. If it is included, the key identifier is deleted from the return queue (514). Further, it is determined whether or not the return queue is empty (515). If the return queue is empty, the status data of the record can be lent from “preparing” to “not lent” (516).

  The update of the key set database driven by returning the lent key set as described above is completed, and notification of receipt of the return is notified (517), and the ship that has finished the voyage completes preparations for entering the port (518) ).

(Embodiment 5)
The fifth embodiment relates to a message encryption process 210 of an AIS device that holds a loan key set and transmits a message. FIG. 6 is a block diagram and a flow diagram of the message encryption process. In the drawing, a route indicated by a dotted arrow is a reference of a processing route in a normal AIS apparatus, and the same applies to FIG.

  The AIS device 203 that holds the lending key set constitutes a notification in the AIS notification processing (transmission) 1006 based on the dynamic information, the unique information, and the like (601) as in the case of a normal AIS device.

  If the report type of the report is dynamic information, the dynamic information counter is selected, the specific information counter is selected if it is unique information, and the other counter is selected if it is other, and is referred to (602). Thereafter, the count value of the reference counter is incremented by 1 (603).

  Each of the counters is a counter that counts the number of transmissions of related notifications, and is initialized to zero when the AIS device is powered on. The reason for counting for each type is that dynamic information and unique information are compared with each other in the message decryption process described later, and therefore it is necessary to alternately transmit the presence or absence of encryption for each.

  Whether the referenced value is an odd number or an even number is determined (604), and if it is an odd number, it is input to the transmission circuit without being encrypted and transmitted (608).

  If the result of the determination is an even number, encryption is performed before transmission. The report type is determined (605), and if it is a unique information report, the encrypted unique information 208 included in the loan key set has been encrypted to prevent spoofing. (607).

  If the report is not a unique information report, the report is encrypted with the lending private key 207 (606), and the encrypted report is input to the transmission circuit and transmitted as a normal report (608).

  In encrypting the AIS report, the size of the bit field to be encrypted differs depending on the report type. In this embodiment, of the bit field definitions for each report defined in the standard, the data part excluding the preamble, start flag, message type identifier (message ID), repeater indicator, FCS, end flag, and buffer common to all report types Is encrypted. It is desirable not to encrypt the Communication State part included in the dynamic information report. Therefore, it is realistic that the lending private key is composed of a set of a plurality of secret keys having different bit lengths, and the corresponding public key is also composed of a set of public keys having different bit lengths. If the bit length of the secret key is designed according to the smallest data part and the secret key used for each type is shared, the number of secret keys required per key set is reduced, but the risk of decryption increases. .

(Embodiment 6)
The sixth embodiment relates to a message decryption process 211 of an AIS apparatus that holds a loan key set and receives a report. FIG. 7 is a block diagram and a flow diagram of the message decryption process.

  The AIS device 203 holding the lending key set receives the notification at the receiving circuits 1002 and 1003 via the AIS network 1015 formed by AIS transmission / reception mounted on the nearby ship (701).

  The newly received unknown notification is stored in the reception notification buffer 713 (702). First, assuming that the unknown message is an unencrypted message, comparison is made with each unknown message already stored in the received message buffer (703).

  As a result of the comparison, if there is an unknown message for which a match is recognized, the newly received unknown message and the unknown message for which the match has been recognized are transmitted as an odd number of transmissions in the message encryption process. It is determined that the message is encrypted, and both are moved together to the non-encrypted message buffer 714 (704). If there is no unknown message that can be recognized as a match, the newly received unknown message is assumed to be an encrypted message, and each public key of the records in the public key database is sequentially obtained to try authentication.

  The report type of the received unknown report is obtained, and decryption is performed using the public key corresponding to the internal private key if it is unique information and the public key corresponding to the private key for lending if it is dynamic information (705). . The obtained decryption message is compared with each of the non-encrypted message pairs in the non-encrypted message buffer (706). The comparison method is the same as described above.

  As a result of the comparison, if there is a set of matching unencrypted notifications, it is determined that the attempted public key is a public key corresponding to a secret key obtained by encrypting the received unknown notification, and the received unknown notification is authorized. It is discriminated that it is an authenticated transmission report using the loan key set loaned to (707). The combination of the decryption report and the non-encryption report that is confirmed to match is rearranged in the order of reception time and output to the normal AIS report processing (reception) 1007 (708). In the AIS report processing (reception), the above three reports are processed in the same manner as a normal report that is not encrypted and displayed on the display device 1009. The key identifier of the record of the public key database from which the corresponding public key is obtained and the MMSI number included in the notification are used as authentication information (709), and the display device 1009 displays the notification content together with the display of the notification content. (710).

  Subsequent encrypted transmission of the AIS apparatus that has transmitted the reception notification that has been successfully decrypted can be received without delay and without delay if a corresponding public key can be used promptly. However, as described above, the sender of the report is unknown at the time of reception, and does not include any information specifying the public key, so that the determination using the corresponding public key cannot be made by determination. Therefore, the number of iterations of the sequential trial is reduced by moving the public key that has been successfully decrypted to the top of the sequential trial order (711).

  As a result of the comparison, if there is no pair of unencrypted messages that can be matched, the next public key is obtained, the received unknown message is decrypted, and the same comparison is repeated. If the attempt is repeated and all public keys are attempted, but there is no unencrypted message pair that can be matched, the received unknown message remains in the received message buffer, and is a new unknown message received later. It becomes a comparison object used in the same processing. Usually, authentication is always successful when three or four notifications of the same type transmitted by a single AIS apparatus holding a regular loan key set are received. Accordingly, since it is clear that a message remaining for five or more notifications at the notification interval is not legitimate, a measure is taken to reject and prevent useless comparison processing (712).

  In the above-mentioned message decryption process, even if authentication information is obtained once successfully obtained by either dynamic information report or unique information report, even if the other decryption does not succeed or succeeds, the authentication information remains. If they are different, take the corrective action to cancel the success of the previous decryption and delete the authentication information. This measure prevents authentication from being obtained unless the lending private key and the internal private key in the same record are used. It is relatively easy to obtain one of the secret keys accidentally or intentionally, but in order to obtain a secret key corresponding to the public key corresponding to the other secret key, It cannot be obtained easily, rather than by decryption. In addition, in addition to the fact that the operator cannot modify the information included in the encryption specific information, it makes it difficult to misrepresent the MMSI number of the dynamic information notification.

(Embodiment 7)
The seventh embodiment relates to a key multiple use detection process 219 in a networked VTS station. FIG. 8 is a block diagram and flowchart illustrating the processing. A route indicated by a dotted arrow in the block diagram conceptually indicates that the loan key set has been stolen or duplicated, and the position on the route where the fraud is performed is indefinite. Dotted lines 817, 818, and 819 are abbreviations of the same processing flow shown on the left side, and indicate reference numerals of processes omitted in the frame.

  The VTS station 218 receives the notification transmitted by the nearby ship via the AIS network 1015 formed by the nearby ship of the VTS station at the receiving circuits 1002 and 1003 (801).

  The received message is decrypted by the message decrypting process 211 described above, but authentication information obtained in the process is separately used (802). The obtained authentication information is stored in the authentication information buffer (803).

  The authentication information buffer stores in advance authentication information obtained from the loan key set lent by the VTS station as an initial state (808). Since the AIS device cannot receive its own notification, the above processing 801 to 803 cannot include its own authentication information in the buffer and cannot be searched. In addition, duplicate authentication information is overwritten during the storage.

  The obtained authentication information is searched for comparison with the authentication information in the authentication information buffers of all other VTS stations via the network connection (804). If the same authentication information does not exist in all other VTS stations as a result of the search, it is determined that fraud has not occurred, and the next authentication information is awaited. When the same authentication information exists in the authentication information buffer 816 of another VTS station 220 that is one of all other VTS stations, it is determined that the same loan key set is used by a plurality of AIS devices. To do.

  All VTS stations that are recognized as having the same authentication information in another VTS station (the other VTS station 220 also has the same authentication information in the authentication information buffer 810 of the VTS station 218 in the same process later) The same processing is performed (the same applies to the case of three or more stations), and generates a warning message addressed to the entire nearby ship including information on the transmitting AIS device to be warned (805). The warning message can be newly defined, but the message type 14 “broadcast message related to safety” defined in the standard may be used.

  Each VTS station that transmits the warning message encrypts the message in the process shown in the message encryption process (806), inputs it to the transmission circuit, and transmits it to the AIS network formed by the nearby ship (807).

  The alert message transmitted from the VTS station is received by each receiving circuit of the nearby vessel 820 via the AIS network (811).

  The received alert notification is decrypted by the processing shown in the alert decryption processing (812), and alert information having the above contents is obtained by the AIS alert processing (reception) (813). The warning information is displayed on the display device (814).

  A nearby ship that has obtained the display of the warning information can know in advance that there is a possibility that fraud is being performed with respect to the behavior of the ship that is transmitted with the authentication information that has been warned, and can deal with it ( 815).

  It is assumed that the loan key set used for theft or duplication is not used in the same sea area. As shown in the key lending process, it is difficult to alter the contents of the encryption unique information in the lending key set, so that the lending key that is normally used in the same sea area the lending key set used for theft or duplication If it is used in the vicinity of a ship using a set, it is clear that the same ship is sailing as seen from the nearby ship, and fraud is easily revealed.

  If the authentication information of a ship that has already left the AIS network formed by a nearby ship is not deleted from the authentication information buffer, double detection of the same ship may occur. Therefore, the VTS station deletes the authentication information whose authentication information in the authentication information buffer is not updated without receiving the notification that should be continuously received based on the normal standard, and double detection of the same ship (809).

  In addition, the AIS network formed by ships in the vicinity of the VTS station may overlap with a plurality of VTS stations. In this case, it is necessary to decide in which authentication information buffer the notifications transmitted in the overlap area are stored between VTS stations. As a result, it is possible to prevent the problem that a plurality of VTS stations store authentication information of notifications sent from the same ship transmitted in the overlapping area in the authentication information buffer and double-detect as a result of the search.

(Supplementary items regarding implementation of Embodiments 3 to 7)
Note that the AIS device is stipulated in the performance standard to perform transmission not only during voyage but also during anchorage. The above-described series of processing only describes processing from departure to entry of an arbitrary AIS-equipped ship. Therefore, the same processing is performed from the time of entry to the departure of the port to receive key lending and realize encrypted transmission and decryption reception. For all the processes shown in FIG. 2, the description “departure” is read as “entry”, “entry” as “departure”, and “voyage” as “berth”.

  Moreover, although the description of all the processes shown in the figure has been described as an AIS device mounted on a ship, if all of the applications using the AIS device are not applied in the same way, they will be rejected by the message decoding process. . Coastal fixed stations, including VTS stations, and route buoys equipped with AIS equipment are not distinguished from berths, so they can be accessed via an access point of the port management station that is installed at indefinite periods corresponding to the average ship voyage. Therefore, it is necessary to perform the key return application 503 to the certificate authority 201 to return the loan key set, and immediately perform the key loan application 403 and subsequent steps to update the loan key set. Search and rescue aircraft (Search And Rescue Aircrafts) AIS equipment conforms to the ship-mounted AIS equipment, but whether to process the parking in accordance with the berthing depends on the actual operation.

  In the case where there is a ship that sails without anchor for a long period of time, in the key set database management process during the voyage period, the record of “in preparation” in the key set database continues to increase without becoming “unrented”. It is possible that the set of keys that can be lent is exhausted. Therefore, the key set database should design the number of records with sufficient redundant records according to the average voyage time of the ship, and ships that make long-term unoccupied voyages should update the lent key set by wireless network connection exceptionally It is. Usually, a ship that performs a long-term unoccupied voyage is equipped with a facility that enables wireless network connection by satellite communication, and the present invention does not require constant connection, so the communication cost is not excessive. Ships anchored for a long period of time have similar problems, but it is thought that measures will be taken to stop the AIS device.

  Since the present invention relates to a navigation device that is regulated by an international treaty and is mounted on a ship, it relates to many industrial fields such as the shipping industry, shipbuilding industry, and navigation equipment manufacturing industry, and contributes to the development of these various industries. be able to.

It is a block diagram explaining the structure of best Embodiment 1 and 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram explaining the whole system configuration | structure of best Embodiment 3 thru | or 7 of this invention. FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a third embodiment and a processing flowchart. FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a fourth embodiment and a flowchart of processing. FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a fourth embodiment and a flowchart of processing. FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a fifth embodiment and a processing flowchart. FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a sixth embodiment and a processing flowchart. FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a seventh embodiment and a flowchart of processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a best embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 102 ... Radar symbol acquisition process 103 ... Comparison process 104 ... Warning notification process 105 ... Warning display structure 107 ... ARPA function 201 ... Authentication station 203 ... AIS apparatus 204 ... Key set database 205 ... Key lending process 207 ... Lending private key 208 ... Encryption unique information 209 ... Public key database 210 ... Report encryption processing 211 ... Report decryption processing 213 ... Key set database management processing

Claims (7)

The AIS device of the ship with the ARPA radar device is connected to the ARPA radar device via the interface,
Comparing the dynamic information of the nearby ship to be received with the radar symbol information acquired from the ARPA radar device,
Radar symbol information with no dynamic information for which a predetermined match is recognized is set as transmission stop warning information, and dynamic information without radar symbol information with a predetermined match is set as intangible notification warning information,
A method for improving the reliability of AIS transmission / reception information, wherein the warning information is displayed on a display device to alert the operator, and the warning information is converted into a report and transmitted to a nearby vessel. The AIS device of the ship not mounting the ARPA radar device receives the notification from the ARPA radar device mounting ship and acquires the warning information,
Of the warning information, the intangible notification warning information is constantly compared with the dynamic information obtained by the AIS device, and only the warning information for which a predetermined match is recognized is adopted.
The reliability improvement method according to claim 1, further comprising prompting an operator to be alerted by displaying the transmission stop alert information and / or the adopted insubstantial alert alert information on a display device. A certificate authority is a server system installed in a secure network,
Private key for lending, private key for internal use, public key corresponding to each private key, key identifier that is an identifier of each record that contains these multiple keys, and the loan status of each record as “unrented” or “loaned” A record consisting of the fields of status data indicated as “in” or “in preparation”, and a return queue in which the key identifiers of all key sets currently being loaned in the record whose status data is “in preparation” are listed. Is stored in a key set database composed of a number of records sufficiently larger than the number of participating ships. The certificate authority
In response to a key lending application attached to the ship's unique information, which is sent to the Certification Authority by the AIS device of each ship that is about to leave the port via the access point installed at the port,
In the key set database, one is randomly selected from all the records whose status data is “unrented”, the status data of the selected record is changed to “lending”, and the inside of the selected record The private information attached to the application is encrypted using a private key for generating encrypted unique information, and the public keys and key identifiers of all records in the key set database are extracted regardless of the state. The public key database is configured, and the private key for lending of the selected record, the encryption unique information, and the public key database are used as a lending key set, which is sent to the AIS device via the access point. ,
In response to a key return application attached to the ship's lending key set that the AIS device of each ship that intends to enter the port after voyage sends to the certification authority via the access point installed in the port,
Delete / discard the record of the lent key set lent to the ship in the key set database, and include a new lent secret key, an internal secret key, and a new record including a public key corresponding to each secret key Is added to the key set database, the status data is set to “Preparing” so that it is not a candidate for loan, and the key identifiers of all records that are currently “Lending” are added to the new key set database. Record the generated records in the return queue,
If there is a key identifier for each of the returned key sets in each return queue of all records that are “in preparation” at that time, delete it, and as a result, the return queue becomes empty The reliability improvement method according to claim 3, further comprising changing status data from “in preparation” to “not loaned” for a record so that the record becomes a candidate for loan. When the AIS device of each ship that is sailing while holding the loan key set lent by the certificate authority sends information on its own ship,
For dynamic information reports, unique information reports and other reports, count the number of transmissions using a counter,
In the odd number of times, the report generated with the standard report configuration is output to the transmission circuit without being encrypted,
In the even number of times, if the generated report is a unique information report, the encrypted unique information in the lending key set is replaced with the encrypted unique information. Otherwise, the lending private key in the lending key set is used. The reliability improvement method according to claim 4, further comprising: performing encryption using the method, and outputting the encryption report thus obtained to the transmission circuit. When the AIS device of each ship that holds a loan key set loaned from a certificate authority receives a notification,
Store the received unknown report in the reception report buffer,
When there is an unknown message in which a predetermined match is recognized by comparing and collating the received unknown message with each of the other unknown messages already existing in the received message buffer, the two messages that have been compared and collated are As a set of sent unencrypted notifications, move them to the unencrypted notification buffer as a batch,
As a result of the comparison, if there is no unknown message for which a predetermined match is recognized, it is assumed that the received unknown message is an encrypted message transmitted at the even number of times, and the public key in the loan key set is added to this. Decrypt by applying the public key contained in the database sequentially, compare the decryption results with each of the non-encrypted message pairs in the unencrypted message buffer, and If there are no pairs, repeat the trial,
When there is a set of non-encrypted notifications for which a predetermined match is recognized in the trial, the decrypted notification and the set of non-encrypted notifications for which the predetermined match is recognized are collectively referred to as a normal notification. Display the identifier of the public key that has been successfully processed and the authentication information of the legitimate report,
If the predetermined match is not obtained even when all the public keys in the public key database are tried, the received unknown message remains in the received message buffer and is used as a comparison target when a new received unknown message is obtained. Served
If the notification without the predetermined match remains in the reception notification buffer or the non-encrypted notification buffer for a predetermined period or longer, it is determined that the notification is an illegal secret key notification or a notification from a conventional device. The reliability improvement method according to claim 5, further comprising rejecting without displaying. VTS stations connected to each other via a secure network
The received notification from the nearby vessel is decrypted by the processing of the received unknown notification,
The authentication information obtained in the decoding process is stored in the authentication information buffer of the local station, and the contents of the authentication information buffer of another VTS station are searched through the network, and the acquired authentication information matches. Search for what to do,
As a result of the search, when duplicate authentication information is found between the VTS stations, a notification is issued to warn that any one of the authentication information has been obtained by a report of possible misuse based on theft or duplication. The method for improving reliability according to claim 6, further comprising: sending a warning to a nearby ship including a ship that transmits the report that is likely to be fraudulent.

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