JP3789694B2 - Melamine resin decorative sheet - Google Patents

Melamine resin decorative sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3789694B2
JP3789694B2 JP28263099A JP28263099A JP3789694B2 JP 3789694 B2 JP3789694 B2 JP 3789694B2 JP 28263099 A JP28263099 A JP 28263099A JP 28263099 A JP28263099 A JP 28263099A JP 3789694 B2 JP3789694 B2 JP 3789694B2
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Prior art keywords
melamine resin
resin
decorative
impregnated
paper
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JP2001096702A (en
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敏則 木福
達也 林田
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Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は屈曲性の優れたメラミン樹脂化粧シートに関するもので、高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の持つ優れた表面性能を活かしつつ、常温加工性、現場施工性等の機能を有し、化粧シートを貼り付けた化粧パネルのコストの低減を図ることを可能とするものである。具体的用途として従来高圧メラミン化粧板を表面化粧材として使用するポストフォーム加工物、或いは塩ビシート貼り化粧パネル、曲面形状部位の車両用内装材等の広範囲の有効活用が期待出来る。また厚みを薄くした場合、経時劣化した化粧表面材を取り替えず、その上に上貼り加工するリニューアル材料としても有効であり、環境保全、産業廃棄物対策として有用な材料を提供するものでもある。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
メラミン樹脂化粧板は、表面が硬く、耐熱性や耐汚染性にも優れ、かつ意匠性でも豊富な色柄が選択出来るとから、従来よりテーブルトップ、流し台、会議用テーブル、デスク天板等の表面化粧材として広く使用されている。
しかし、こうした優れた表面性能を有する反面、高い剛性を有することや雰囲気湿度変化に伴う寸法変化が大きいことから、2次加工、パネル接着加工等を困難にしたり、使用接着剤の制約を受ける等の欠点を有していた。また、ポストフォーム加工物の天板表面材としての適用も以前から行われているが、130〜170℃の加熱加工で曲げ加工するため専用加工設備が必要であった。これらの加工上の制約は、高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の需要を抑える結果となり、これに代わる塩ビシート、FRP成形品或いは人工大理石等に置き換えられる状況が増えていた。
【0003】
近年、産業廃棄物処理や塩ビ焼却時のダイオキシン問題に代表される環境保全への社会ニーズが高まる中で、化粧材料にも新たな対応が求められる様になり、一方では低コスト化の要求が益々強くなっている。そうした市場変化にあって、高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の持つ高耐久性が見直され期待感が出て来ている。しかし前述した高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板固有の課題の改善は、これまでの検討経過においても相当困難であった。
【0004】
産業廃棄物の対策を考える場合、大別して2つの対策になる。1つは分別回収された各廃棄物を再利用する方法であり、もう一つは材料あるいは加工物が廃棄物となるまでのライフサイクルを長期化することである。
高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の場合、再利用に関しては燃料用補助材、熱硬化性成形材料用充填材等が実用化されている。一方、材料のライフサイクルについては、もともと高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板が高耐久性素材であるが、15〜30年前に使用された化粧パネル天板(例えば、スチールデスク、流し台カウンター、トイレブース等)や車両内装材のリニューアルが、最近の産業廃棄物問題と相まって重要な課題となっている。
【0005】
化粧パネルやその加工物では、一部の部材の機能が失われる(例えば、表面材の外観意匠性、美観が損なわれる)と、パネルや加工物全体を廃棄することが多く実施されて来たため、その他の部材自体はライフがあるにもかかわらず、廃棄されるため必要以上に廃棄物が多くなる結果を生じている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者は、上記したように、高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の高耐久性に対する期待感から新たな需要に対応する上で、素材の持つ2次加工性の改善という課題を解決し、今日の市場ニーズに合った機能を付加するかについて鋭意検討を加えた結果、寸法変化が小さく、2次加工性の優れたメラミン樹脂化粧シートを完成させたものである。
【0007】
本来、高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板は、表面にメラミン樹脂化粧層を持ち、厚みの大部分はその下のフェノール樹脂コア層で形成されている。これは、熱硬化後のメラミン樹脂が硬く、透明性に優れ、耐汚染性や耐薬品性にも優れる反面、脆くまた吸脱湿にて寸法変化が大きいという欠点を有するため、表面に必要な機能だけをメラミン樹脂層に残し、メラミン樹脂の欠点をフェノール樹脂層で補完する構成になっている。本発明においては、表面性能はメラミン樹脂層により引き出し、メラミン樹脂の欠点は従来とは異なる方策により解決したものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、
(1)(A)メラミン樹脂含浸紙からなる表面層と、
(B)少なくとも最下層に、厚み0.2mm以下の金属箔と、
が配されてなるメラミン樹脂化粧シートであって、
前記メラミン樹脂含浸紙に含浸される樹脂が、メラミン樹脂と水性熱可塑性樹脂との混合樹脂であり、
前記メラミン樹脂化粧シートは、厚みが0.5mm以下であり、常温下での屈曲性が、前記表面層を外側又は内側にして曲げた場合、曲げ半径15mm以下であることを特徴とするメラミン樹脂化粧シート。
(2)前記水性熱可塑性樹脂の混合割合が、固形分でメラミン樹脂に対し5〜60重量%である(1)に記載のメラミン樹脂化粧シート。
(3)メラミン樹脂含浸紙と金属箔とが、金属箔の片面に塗布された接着剤層を介して一体成形されている(1)又は(2)に記載のメラミン樹脂化粧シート。
(4)メラミン樹脂含浸紙と金属箔とが、フェノール樹脂含浸紙又はエポキシ樹脂含浸紙を介して一体成形されている(1)又は(2)に記載のメラミン樹脂化粧シート
【0009】
本発明の化粧シートは、厚みを薄くした場合、経時劣化した化粧表面材を取り替えず、その上に上貼り加工するリニューアル材料としても有効である。このような使用のためには、化粧シートの厚みを0.5mm以下、更には0.3mm以下とすることが好ましい。但し0.15mm以下とすることは困難である。0.5mmを越えるとリニューアルされた化粧パネルの厚みがリニューアル前に比べて厚くなりすぎて好ましくない。さらに、メラミン樹脂化粧層に使用するメラミン樹脂は水性熱可塑性樹脂を混合して可塑化を行い、脆さの改善と柔軟性の付与及び寸法変化率の大幅な軽減を実現することができた。かかるメラミン樹脂において、メラミン樹脂と水性熱可塑性樹脂との配合割合は、メラミン樹脂100重量部に対して水性熱可塑性樹脂5〜60重量部が好ましい。5重量部未満では、水性熱可塑性樹脂による上記の効果が小さく、60重量部より多いと、可撓性が大き過ぎて、メラミン樹脂の有する表面硬度や耐熱性が低下するようになる。
【0010】
なお、前記金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シートとメラミン樹脂含浸層との接着は、次の2つの方法により行うことができる。即ち、ひとつは、金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シートの片面に予め接着剤を塗布して接着剤層を設ける方法であり、他は、フェノール樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂の含浸紙を挿入する方法である。
前者の方法は、化粧シートを薄厚化することができ、接着剤層に使用する樹脂の成形時の収縮が小さく化粧シートのカールや剛直化を防止でき、後者の方法では、化粧シートのカールや剛直化を最小限に抑えるとともに強固な層間接着強度、高耐熱性を付与することが出来る。何れの方法を選択するかは、適用用途により決定される。
【0011】
また、最下層に金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シートを配置させるのは、寸法安定性のためであるが、雰囲気中の吸・脱湿変化だけでなく、化粧シートを基板に貼り付けるパネル化工程における吸湿等による膨潤を極力なくし、かつ適用接着剤の種類を広げることをも可能にする。また、金属箔を使用すれば、良好な熱放散性から耐熱性が改善され、接着剤との組合せにより、金属箔と接着剤層間で剥がし易くなるため、将来のリサイクル性の付与も可能となる。
【0012】
また、本発明の化粧シートは、厚みを0.5mm以下と薄くし、メラミン樹脂として熱可塑性樹脂配合メラミン樹脂を使用し、且つ中間層又は最下層に厚み0.2mm以下の金属箔又は厚み0.3mm以下の熱可塑性樹脂シートを使用することにより、常温での曲げ加工が極めて容易となり、化粧面を外側又は内側にして曲げた場合、曲げ半径15mm以下を実現することができた。
【0013】
以下、本発明の化粧シートについて、図面により説明する。
図1は、オーバーレイ1、メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2及び接着剤層4が塗布されたアルミ箔3からなるメラミン樹脂化粧シートであり、図2は、オーバーレイがなく、メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2、フェノール樹脂含浸紙5及び金属箔6からなるメラミン樹脂化粧シートである。
図1において、オーバーレイ1は、メラミン樹脂含浸紙からなり、メラミン樹脂化粧シートとしての表面性能を形成する。その直下にメラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2を配置しているので、この層1は透明度を必要とすることから、厚さ20〜40μmとすることが好ましい。含浸させるメラミン樹脂は、通常の一般的高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板用のメラミン樹脂ワニスが適用される。化粧シートの柔軟性や耐クラック性を考えた場合、メラミン樹脂にはポストフォームタイプの化粧板に使用する可撓性メラミン樹脂がより好適である。
【0014】
次に、メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2は、本発明における重要な構成であり、使用されるメラミン樹脂は以下の理由により改質することが本発明の特徴の一つである。その目的のひとつはメラミン樹脂の欠点である脆さと寸法収縮の軽減であり、他の目的は、図1のように、化粧紙2と金属箔及び/又は熱可塑性樹脂シート3との間にフェノール樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂含浸紙を挿入せず、金属箔及び/又は熱可塑性樹脂シートの片面に塗布した接着剤層にて接着する場合において、良好な層間接着強度を良好にすることである。これらの点から、メラミン樹脂の改質に使用する素材の必要特性としては、次の4点が挙げられる。
【0015】
1つは、接着剤と親和性があり、成形後に一定の層間強度を発現出来ること、2つめは、メラミン樹脂と相溶性があり、成形後の化粧シートが吸水処理、熱処理下にて層間強度を維持出来ること、3つ目は、吸湿・脱湿処理による寸法変化が小さいこと、4つ目は、材料コストが安価なことである。
これらの必要特性を考慮すれば、適用される樹脂は基本的に水溶性タイプが好ましく、また成形時に生じるメラミン樹脂からの縮合水による加水分解等の影響を受け難いことが望まれる。
【0016】
本発明において、水性熱可塑性樹脂とは、水に溶解又は水で分散可能な樹脂をいい、例えば、水性アクリル樹脂、水性ウレタン樹脂、酢酸ビニール樹脂、ポリビニールアルコール等があるが、上記の必要特性から、水性アクリル樹脂が好ましいことが確認された。
【0017】
水性アクリル樹脂は、エマルジョンタイプと非エマルジョンタイプに分けられるが、エマルジョンタイプがやや良好である。その理由として、エマルジョンタイプの場合、粒子化しているため粒径の制約から、紙基材の内部へ浸透せず、基材表面上に残る効果がある。これは、接着剤層を使って接着する方法においては、金属箔や熱可塑性樹脂シートの片面に塗工された接着剤が加圧成形の際に紙基材中へ浸透して層間強度形成能を低下させたり、接着剤の種類によっては、浸透した接着剤が上層の化粧層の変色や層間強度の低下をもたらす現象を防止するためのバリアとしての作用を付与するためである。
また、図2の場合のごとく、フェノール樹脂含浸紙又はエポキシ樹脂含浸紙を挿入する方法においても、加圧成形中に直上にある化粧メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙への移行による変色、シミ出し等を軽減し、耐光性安定化に寄与する。
また、非エマルジョンタイプでは接着剤の化粧紙への浸透性を考慮し、接着剤塗布量を数10%程度ないし2倍程度多くする必要がある。塗布量が少ない場合は、この層での層間接着強度が低下することがある。
【0018】
メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2の樹脂量は、外観状態をみて決められるが、およそ40〜60重量%(乾燥後の含浸紙総重量中の樹脂固形分比率)でよい。また揮発分比率は、通常の高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板に使用される化粧紙用メラミン樹脂含浸紙よりも低水準に調整することが望まれる。メラミン樹脂単独では、低揮発分化すると含浸紙が柔軟性をなくしその取扱いに支障をきたすが、本発明に使用する変性メラミン樹脂含浸紙では、変性樹脂による柔軟性付与の効果で可能であり、かつ縮合水の影響を軽減する上でも低揮発分化することが好ましく、通常のメラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙が6〜8重量%であるのに対して、4.5〜6.5重量%(乾燥後の含浸紙総重量中の揮発分比率)に調整するのが適当である。
【0019】
次に金属箔及び/又は熱可塑性樹脂シート3については、これまで述べた通り、吸湿透過性の小さいものが好適であり、フェノール樹脂含浸紙又はエポキシ樹脂含浸紙を介さずにメラミン樹脂含浸紙と接着する場合は、片面に接着剤4が塗布される。金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シート3の厚みは、0.01〜0.30mmの範囲が適当であるが、金属箔使用の場合は、材質、重量、価格等を考えると0.02〜0.20mmが好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂シートの場合は、一般的には0.08〜0.30mmが好ましい。
また、金属箔を使用する場合、図2に示すごとく、重量及び価格の低減を図るため厚みの薄い金属箔6をフェノール樹脂含浸紙5(あるいはエポキシ樹脂含浸紙)を介して接着成形する方法も有効である。この場合、熱硬化性樹脂の硬化収縮は、含浸紙が金属箔間に挟まれた状態で成形されるため、前記したメラミン樹脂含浸層と金属箔間の接着成形する場合に比較して殆ど影響しない。
使用する金属箔としては、アルミ箔、銅箔、ステンレス箔が考えられるが、汎用性と経時安定性、価格、成形後の加工性等から、アルミ箔が好ましい。
【0020】
図2において、フェノール樹脂含浸紙5は、通常、フェノールに対するホルムアルデヒドのモル比1.0〜2.0にて反応した脱水濃縮型レゾール型フェノール樹脂を薄葉紙に含浸乾燥して得られる。フェノール樹脂含浸紙は、厚み20〜40μmが好ましく、樹脂量は通常50〜60重量%程度である。また、揮発分は通常のフェノール樹脂含浸紙(揮発分5〜7重量%)より小さく、3.5〜5.0重量%程度とすることにより、フェノール樹脂による化粧層の変色等の欠陥をなくすることができる。このフェノール樹脂含浸紙の代わりにエポキシ樹脂含浸紙を使用することもできる。使用されるエポキシ樹脂は、特に限定されず、ビスフェノ−ル型、ノボラック型等であるが、可撓性のあるものが好ましい。適当な硬化剤、硬化促進剤とともに溶剤に溶解したワニスの形で薄葉紙に含浸される。エポキシ樹脂含浸紙の厚み、樹脂含有率はフェノール樹脂含浸紙の場合と同様である。
【0021】
次に、金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シートに塗布する接着剤4について述べる。
接着剤樹脂としては、エチレン−酢酸ビニル樹脂、水性アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ロジン変性フェノール樹脂、ロジン変性アルキッド樹脂等があるが、エチレン−酢酸ビニル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂が塗布処理での作業性及び化粧シートの実用特性から好適である。
また塗布量は、固形分量で30g/m2 以下で、望ましくは5〜20g/m2 の範囲が好ましい。30g/m2 を越えても大きな問題はないが、揮発分の乾燥処理、材料のコストアップ等から経済的でなく、また、5g/m2 未満では、塗布量が不足し、層間接着強度が不安定となる。
【0022】
成形方法については、高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の汎用技術の適用で可能であるが、一般の高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板よりは、比較的高温で成形する方が望ましい。通常の高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の場合、製品最高温度は、125〜143℃程度に調整されるが、本発明のメラミン樹脂化粧シートでは、水性熱可塑性樹脂の配合により樹脂の流れが低下し、メラミン樹脂の硬化が遅くなるので、138〜152℃の成形温度に調整することが好ましい。この場合、揮発分の少ないフェノール樹脂含浸紙を使用するとフェノール樹脂による化粧層の変色等の危険はなく、この温度で加圧成形しても、良好な外観と十分な常温加工性を有する。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について実施例にて具体的に説明する。ここで、「%」は「重量%」を示す。
【0024】
実施例1
オーバーレイとして、米坪40g/m2 の晒し薄葉紙からなる基材に、メラミンに対するホルムアルデヒドのモル比1.8、数平均分子量240、粘度45cps/20℃の水溶性メラミン樹脂を水により粘度24cps/30℃に調整し、触媒、内部離型剤を添加して得た含浸用メラミン樹脂ワニスを含浸し、加熱乾燥して、樹脂量60%、揮発分7%のオーバーレイ紙1を得た。
次に、前記モル比1.6、数平均分子量230、粘度40cps/20℃のポストフォーム用水溶性メラミン樹脂に固形分45%、粘度35cps/20℃の水性アクリル樹脂エマルジョンを重量比で100:35の比率で混合し、水により粘度20cps/25℃に調整した後、触媒を添加し含浸用メラミン樹脂ワニスを得た。このワニスを、通常の高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板用化粧紙(単色抄き込み紙:米坪130g/m2 )に含浸し、加熱乾燥して、樹脂量45%、揮発分5%のメラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2を得た。
一方、厚さ40μmのアルミ箔に、エチレン−酢酸ビニル樹脂を接着剤とし、乾燥後の固形分が12g/m2 になる様にバーコーターにて塗布し加熱乾燥して接着剤層4を有するアルミ箔3を得た。
【0025】
これらのオーバーレイ紙1、メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2、接着剤層4を有するアルミ箔3を順次重ね合わせ、通常の高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の加圧成形と同様にして、ステンレス鏡面板とオーバーレイ紙1が接触する様に、かつ、鏡面板間に、当該化粧シート素材セットを背中合わせに2組ずつ組み込んだ。プレスは、圧力100kg/cm2 に保持したままで加熱・冷却した。熱盤温度を160℃とし、製品最高温度が143〜148℃の範囲に入る様に加熱した後、40℃まで冷却し、厚さ0.28mmのメラミン樹脂化粧シート(図1)を得た。
【0026】
実施例2
実施例1にて用いた化粧紙(単色抄き込み紙:米坪130g/m2 )を基材とし、実施例1と同じく、粘度20cps/25℃に調整した水性アクリル樹脂エマルジョン配合メラミン樹脂に、触媒、内部離型剤及び充填フィラー等を添加して得た含浸用メラミン樹脂ワニスを前記基材に含浸し、加熱乾燥して、樹脂量50%、揮発分6%のメラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2を得た。続いて、米坪37g/m2 の薄葉紙からなる基材に、フェノールに対するホルムアルデヒドのモル比1.3にて反応した脱水濃縮型レゾール型フェノール樹脂を含浸し、加熱乾燥して、樹脂量58%、揮発分5%のフェノール樹脂含浸薄葉紙5を得た。
金属箔は、実施例1と同様に、厚さ25μmのアルミ箔6を使用したが、接着剤塗布処理は行わなかった。
メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2、フェノール樹脂含浸薄葉紙5、アルミ箔6を順次重ね合わせ、実施例1と同様にして成形し、厚さ0.28mmのメラミン樹脂化粧シート(図2)を得た。製品最高温度は145℃であった。
【0027】
実施例3
上記実施例2の構成にさらに実施例2で使用したフェノール樹脂含浸薄葉紙7及びアルミ箔8を追加で組み込んだものを1セットとし、実施例1と同様の方法にて製品最高温度145℃で成形し、厚さ0.38mmのメラミン樹脂化粧シート(図3)を得た。
【0028】
比較例1
上記実施例2の構成で、メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙2で使用したメラミン樹脂ワニスの代わりに、通常のポストフォームタイプ高圧メラミン化粧板製造で使用するメラミン樹脂ワニスを使用して得た、樹脂量53%、揮発分7%のメラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙9を使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして製品最高温度143℃で成形し、厚さ0.28mmのメラミン樹脂化粧シート(図4)を得た。
【0029】
比較例2
通常の高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板製造法により厚さ0.70mmのポストフォームタイプ化粧板を得た。製品最高温度は135℃であった。
【0030】
実施例及び比較例にて得られた各メラミン樹脂化粧シートについて特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0031】
【表1】

Figure 0003789694
【0032】
(測定方法)
1.寸法変化率:JISK6902により行った。
2.常温屈曲性:JISK6902の屈曲性試験装置による。
3.加熱成形性:JISK6902のポストフォーム曲げ試験装置による。
4.表面鉛筆硬度:JISK5401の塗膜鉛筆引っ掻き試験による。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明のメラミン樹脂化粧シートは、従来の高圧メラミン樹脂化粧板の優れた表面性能を保持しながら、常温加工性と寸法安定性という課題を大きく改善することができ、従って、加工施工費の削減による低コスト化も達成される。更には、厚みを薄くすることにより、常温での曲げ加工が容易となり、化粧パネルに上貼りするリニューアル需要等にも適用でき、化粧板用途の拡大を可能にした。また金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シート部分の接着力を適正に制御することにより今後のリサイクル対応の面でも有効な手段を提供できるものと期待される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例1にて得られた化粧板の構成を示す断面図。
【図2】 実施例2にて得られた化粧板の構成を示す断面図。
【図3】 実施例3にて得られた化粧板の構成を示す断面図。
【図4】 比較例1にて得られた化粧板の構成を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 オーバーレイ(メラミン樹脂含浸薄葉紙)
2 メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙
3 金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シート(アルミ箔)
4 接着剤層
5 フェノール樹脂含浸薄葉紙
6 金属箔又は熱可塑性樹脂シート(アルミ箔)
7 フェノール樹脂含浸薄葉紙
8 アルミ箔
9 メラミン樹脂含浸化粧紙[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a melamine resin decorative sheet having excellent flexibility, and has functions such as room temperature workability and on-site workability while taking advantage of the excellent surface performance of a high-pressure melamine resin decorative sheet. It is possible to reduce the cost of the decorative panel. As a specific application, a wide range of effective use such as a post-form processed product that uses a conventional high-pressure melamine decorative board as a surface decorative material, a decorative sheet with a vinyl chloride sheet, and a vehicle interior material having a curved surface portion can be expected. In addition, when the thickness is reduced, the decorative surface material deteriorated with time is not replaced, but it is also effective as a renewal material to be applied on top of it, and provides a material useful for environmental protection and industrial waste countermeasures.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The melamine resin decorative board has a hard surface, excellent heat resistance and stain resistance, and can be selected from an abundant design, so it has traditionally been used for table tops, sinks, conference tables, desk tops, etc. Widely used as a surface cosmetic material.
However, although it has such excellent surface performance, it has high rigidity and large dimensional change due to changes in atmospheric humidity, making secondary processing, panel bonding processing, etc. difficult, and being restricted by the adhesive used. Had the disadvantages. In addition, post-form processed products have been used as a top plate surface material for a long time, but dedicated processing equipment is required for bending by heating at 130 to 170 ° C. These processing restrictions have resulted in a reduction in the demand for high-pressure melamine resin decorative boards, and there have been increasing situations where they can be replaced by PVC sheets, FRP molded products or artificial marble instead.
[0003]
In recent years, as social needs for environmental conservation, represented by the dioxin problem at the time of industrial waste treatment and PVC incineration, have become more demanding for cosmetic materials, on the other hand, there has been a demand for lower costs. It is getting stronger and stronger. Under such market changes, the high durability of high-pressure melamine resin decorative boards has been reviewed, and expectations are rising. However, the improvement of the above-mentioned problems inherent to the decorative plate of high-pressure melamine resin has been considerably difficult even in the course of studies so far.
[0004]
When considering industrial waste countermeasures, there are roughly two countermeasures. One is a method of reusing each separately collected waste, and the other is to prolong the life cycle until the material or processed material becomes waste.
In the case of a high-pressure melamine resin decorative board, auxiliary materials for fuel, fillers for thermosetting molding materials, etc. have been put into practical use for reuse. On the other hand, the high-pressure melamine resin decorative panel is originally a highly durable material for the life cycle of the material, but the decorative panel top panel used 15 to 30 years ago (for example, steel desk, sink counter, toilet booth, etc.) And the renewal of vehicle interior materials is an important issue coupled with the recent industrial waste problem.
[0005]
In decorative panels and their processed products, when the functions of some members are lost (for example, the appearance design and aesthetics of the surface material are impaired), the entire panel and processed products are often discarded. In spite of the fact that other members themselves have a life, they are discarded, resulting in more waste than necessary.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the present inventor has solved the problem of improving the secondary workability of the material in order to meet the new demand from the expectation for the high durability of the high-pressure melamine resin decorative board. As a result of diligent examination as to whether to add a function that meets the needs, a melamine resin decorative sheet having a small dimensional change and excellent secondary workability has been completed.
[0007]
Originally, the high-pressure melamine resin decorative board has a melamine resin decorative layer on the surface, and most of the thickness is formed by the phenolic resin core layer below it. This is necessary for the surface because the melamine resin after thermosetting is hard, excellent in transparency, and excellent in stain resistance and chemical resistance, but is fragile and has a large dimensional change due to moisture absorption and desorption. Only the function is left in the melamine resin layer, and the defect of the melamine resin is complemented by the phenol resin layer. In the present invention, the surface performance is drawn by the melamine resin layer, and the disadvantages of the melamine resin are solved by a measure different from the conventional one.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention
(1) (A) a surface layer made of melamine resin-impregnated paper;
(B) At least the lowest layer, a metal foil having a thickness of 0.2 mm or less,
Is a melamine resin decorative sheet,
The resin impregnated in the melamine resin-impregnated paper is a mixed resin of a melamine resin and an aqueous thermoplastic resin,
The melamine resin decorative sheet has a thickness of 0.5 mm or less, and has a bend radius of 15 mm or less when bent at room temperature when the surface layer is bent outside or inside. Makeup sheet.
(2) The melamine resin decorative sheet according to (1), wherein the mixing ratio of the aqueous thermoplastic resin is 5 to 60% by weight with respect to the melamine resin in solid content.
(3) The melamine resin decorative sheet according to (1) or (2), wherein the melamine resin-impregnated paper and the metal foil are integrally formed through an adhesive layer applied to one side of the metal foil.
(4) The melamine resin decorative sheet according to (1) or (2), wherein the melamine resin-impregnated paper and the metal foil are integrally molded via a phenol resin-impregnated paper or an epoxy resin-impregnated paper .
[0009]
The decorative sheet of the present invention is also effective as a renewal material to be over-coated on the decorative surface material that has deteriorated with time without replacing the decorative surface material when the thickness is reduced. For such use, the thickness of the decorative sheet is preferably 0.5 mm or less, and more preferably 0.3 mm or less . However, it is difficult to make it 0.15 mm or less. If the thickness exceeds 0.5 mm, the thickness of the renovated decorative panel becomes too thick compared to before renewal, which is not preferable. Furthermore, the melamine resin used for the melamine resin decorative layer was plasticized by mixing with an aqueous thermoplastic resin, and it was possible to improve brittleness, impart flexibility, and significantly reduce the dimensional change rate. In such a melamine resin, the blending ratio of the melamine resin and the aqueous thermoplastic resin is preferably 5 to 60 parts by weight of the aqueous thermoplastic resin with respect to 100 parts by weight of the melamine resin. When the amount is less than 5 parts by weight, the above-described effect of the aqueous thermoplastic resin is small. When the amount is more than 60 parts by weight, the flexibility is too large, and the surface hardness and heat resistance of the melamine resin are lowered.
[0010]
In addition, adhesion | attachment with the said metal foil or a thermoplastic resin sheet and a melamine resin impregnation layer can be performed with the following two methods. That is, one is a method of applying an adhesive in advance to one side of a metal foil or a thermoplastic resin sheet to provide an adhesive layer, and the other is a method of inserting a paper impregnated with a phenol resin or an epoxy resin.
In the former method, the decorative sheet can be thinned, the shrinkage during molding of the resin used for the adhesive layer is small and curling and stiffening of the decorative sheet can be prevented. It can minimize stiffening and provide strong interlayer adhesion strength and high heat resistance. Which method to select is determined by the application.
[0011]
In addition, the metal foil or thermoplastic resin sheet is placed in the lowermost layer for dimensional stability, but not only in the absorption and dehumidification changes in the atmosphere, but also in the paneling process for attaching the decorative sheet to the substrate Swelling due to moisture absorption or the like is minimized, and the types of applied adhesives can be expanded. In addition, if a metal foil is used, heat resistance is improved from good heat dissipation, and it becomes easy to peel off between the metal foil and the adhesive layer in combination with an adhesive, so that future recyclability can be imparted. .
[0012]
In addition, the decorative sheet of the present invention has a thickness as thin as 0.5 mm or less, uses a thermoplastic resin-containing melamine resin as the melamine resin, and has a thickness of 0 mm or less in the intermediate layer or the lowermost layer. By using a thermoplastic resin sheet of 3 mm or less, bending at room temperature becomes extremely easy, and when the decorative surface is bent outside or inside, a bending radius of 15 mm or less can be realized.
[0013]
Hereinafter, the decorative sheet of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a melamine resin decorative sheet composed of an overlay 1, a melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper 2 and an aluminum foil 3 coated with an adhesive layer 4. FIG. 2 shows no overlay, melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper 2, phenol It is a melamine resin decorative sheet made of resin-impregnated paper 5 and metal foil 6.
In FIG. 1, an overlay 1 is made of melamine resin impregnated paper and forms surface performance as a melamine resin decorative sheet. Since the melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper 2 is disposed immediately below, the layer 1 requires transparency, and thus is preferably 20 to 40 μm in thickness. As the melamine resin to be impregnated, a usual melamine resin varnish for a general high-pressure melamine resin decorative board is applied. Considering the flexibility and crack resistance of the decorative sheet, a flexible melamine resin used for a post-form type decorative board is more suitable for the melamine resin.
[0014]
Next, the melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper 2 is an important configuration in the present invention, and it is one of the features of the present invention that the melamine resin used is modified for the following reasons. One of the purposes is to reduce brittleness and dimensional shrinkage, which are disadvantages of melamine resin, and another purpose is to provide phenol between decorative paper 2 and metal foil and / or thermoplastic resin sheet 3 as shown in FIG. In the case where the resin or epoxy resin impregnated paper is not inserted and the adhesive is applied with the adhesive layer applied to one side of the metal foil and / or the thermoplastic resin sheet, good interlayer adhesive strength is obtained. From these points, the following four points can be cited as necessary characteristics of the material used for modification of the melamine resin.
[0015]
One is compatible with the adhesive and can exhibit a certain interlayer strength after molding, and the second is compatible with melamine resin, and the decorative sheet after molding is subjected to water absorption treatment and interlayer strength under heat treatment. The third is that the dimensional change due to moisture absorption and dehumidification is small, and the fourth is that the material cost is low.
Considering these necessary characteristics, the resin to be applied is basically preferably a water-soluble type, and it is desired that the resin is not easily affected by hydrolysis by condensed water from a melamine resin generated during molding.
[0016]
In the present invention, the aqueous thermoplastic resin refers to a resin that can be dissolved or dispersed in water, such as an aqueous acrylic resin, aqueous urethane resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. From this, it was confirmed that the aqueous acrylic resin was preferable.
[0017]
Aqueous acrylic resins are classified into emulsion type and non-emulsion type, but the emulsion type is slightly better. The reason for this is that the emulsion type has the effect of remaining on the surface of the substrate without permeating into the interior of the paper substrate due to particle size limitations due to particle formation. This is because the adhesive applied on one side of the metal foil or thermoplastic resin sheet penetrates into the paper substrate during pressure molding and is used to form an interlayer strength. In other words, depending on the type of adhesive, the adhesive penetrates and imparts a function as a barrier for preventing the phenomenon of causing discoloration of the upper decorative layer and lowering of interlayer strength.
In addition, as in the case of FIG. 2, the method of inserting phenol resin-impregnated paper or epoxy resin-impregnated paper also reduces discoloration, smearing, etc. due to the transition to decorative melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper directly above during pressure molding. And contributes to stabilization of light resistance.
In the case of the non-emulsion type, it is necessary to increase the amount of adhesive applied by several tens of percent to about two times in consideration of the permeability of the adhesive to the decorative paper. When the coating amount is small, the interlayer adhesive strength in this layer may be lowered.
[0018]
The amount of the resin of the melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper 2 is determined in view of the appearance, but may be approximately 40 to 60% by weight (resin solid content ratio in the total weight of the impregnated paper after drying). Further, it is desired that the volatile content ratio is adjusted to a lower level than the melamine resin-impregnated paper for decorative paper used for a normal high-pressure melamine resin decorative board. In the case of melamine resin alone, impregnated paper loses its flexibility when it undergoes low volatility, and its handling is hindered. In order to reduce the influence of condensed water, low volatility differentiation is preferable. The normal melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper is 6 to 8% by weight, whereas 4.5 to 6.5% by weight (after drying) It is appropriate to adjust the volatile content ratio in the total weight of the impregnated paper.
[0019]
Next, as described above, the metal foil and / or the thermoplastic resin sheet 3 are preferably those having a low moisture absorption permeability, and the melamine resin-impregnated paper and the epoxy resin-impregnated paper are not used. In the case of bonding, the adhesive 4 is applied to one side. The thickness of the metal foil or the thermoplastic resin sheet 3 is suitably in the range of 0.01 to 0.30 mm, but when using the metal foil, considering the material, weight, price, etc., 0.02 to 0.20 mm. In the case of a thermoplastic resin sheet, generally 0.08 to 0.30 mm is preferable.
Further, when using a metal foil, as shown in FIG. 2, there is a method in which a thin metal foil 6 is bonded and molded via a phenol resin-impregnated paper 5 (or epoxy resin-impregnated paper) in order to reduce weight and price. It is valid. In this case, the curing shrinkage of the thermosetting resin has almost no influence compared to the case where the adhesive molding between the melamine resin impregnated layer and the metal foil is performed because the impregnated paper is molded between the metal foils. do not do.
As the metal foil to be used, aluminum foil, copper foil, and stainless steel foil are conceivable, but aluminum foil is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility, stability over time, cost, workability after molding, and the like.
[0020]
In FIG. 2, the phenol resin impregnated paper 5 is usually obtained by impregnating and drying a dehydrated and concentrated resol type phenol resin reacted at a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.0 to 2.0 on a thin paper. The thickness of the phenol resin-impregnated paper is preferably 20 to 40 μm, and the resin amount is usually about 50 to 60% by weight. In addition, the volatile matter is smaller than ordinary phenol resin impregnated paper (5-7% by weight of volatile matter), and by setting it to about 3.5-5.0% by weight, defects such as discoloration of the cosmetic layer due to the phenol resin are eliminated. can do. An epoxy resin-impregnated paper can be used in place of the phenol resin-impregnated paper. The epoxy resin to be used is not particularly limited, and is a bisphenol type, a novolac type or the like, but a flexible one is preferable. A thin paper is impregnated in the form of a varnish dissolved in a solvent together with a suitable curing agent and curing accelerator. The thickness and resin content of the epoxy resin impregnated paper are the same as in the case of the phenol resin impregnated paper.
[0021]
Next, the adhesive 4 applied to a metal foil or a thermoplastic resin sheet will be described.
Adhesive resins include ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, water-based acrylic resin, epoxy resin, rosin-modified phenol resin, rosin-modified alkyd resin, etc. It is suitable from the practical characteristics of the sheet.
The coating amount is 30 g / m 2 or less in terms of solid content, and preferably in the range of 5 to 20 g / m 2 . Even if it exceeds 30 g / m 2 , there is no major problem, but it is not economical due to the drying process of volatile matter and the cost of materials, and if it is less than 5 g / m 2 , the coating amount is insufficient and the interlayer adhesion strength is low. It becomes unstable.
[0022]
As for the molding method, it is possible to apply general-purpose technology of a high-pressure melamine resin decorative board, but it is preferable to mold at a relatively high temperature rather than a general high-pressure melamine resin decorative board. In the case of a normal high-pressure melamine resin decorative board, the maximum product temperature is adjusted to about 125 to 143 ° C. However, in the melamine resin decorative sheet of the present invention, the flow of the resin decreases due to the mixing of the aqueous thermoplastic resin, and the melamine Since the curing of the resin is delayed, it is preferable to adjust the molding temperature to 138 to 152 ° C. In this case, when a phenol resin-impregnated paper with a low volatile content is used, there is no danger of discoloration of the decorative layer due to the phenol resin, and a good appearance and sufficient room temperature workability are obtained even if pressure molding is performed at this temperature.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. Here, “%” indicates “wt%”.
[0024]
Example 1
As an overlay, a water-soluble melamine resin having a molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine of 1.8, a number average molecular weight of 240, and a viscosity of 45 cps / 20 ° C. was added to a base material made of bleached thin paper having a weight of 40 g / m 2 with water and having a viscosity of 24 cps / 30. It was adjusted to ° C., impregnated with a melamine resin varnish for impregnation obtained by adding a catalyst and an internal release agent, and dried by heating to obtain an overlay paper 1 having a resin amount of 60% and a volatile content of 7%.
Next, an aqueous acrylic resin emulsion having a solid content of 45% and a viscosity of 35 cps / 20 ° C. in a weight ratio of 100: 35 is added to the post-form water-soluble melamine resin having a molar ratio of 1.6, a number average molecular weight of 230 and a viscosity of 40 cps / 20 ° C. After adjusting the viscosity to 20 cps / 25 ° C. with water, a catalyst was added to obtain a melamine resin varnish for impregnation. This varnish is impregnated into ordinary decorative paper for high-pressure melamine resin decorative board (single-color paper: 130 g / m 2 tsubo) and dried by heating to impregnate melamine resin with 45% resin and 5% volatile content. A decorative paper 2 was obtained.
On the other hand, an aluminum-vinyl acetate resin is used as an adhesive on an aluminum foil having a thickness of 40 μm, and it is applied with a bar coater so that the solid content after drying is 12 g / m 2. An aluminum foil 3 was obtained.
[0025]
The overlay paper 1, the melamine resin impregnated decorative paper 2, and the aluminum foil 3 having the adhesive layer 4 are laminated one after another in the same manner as in the press molding of a normal high pressure melamine resin decorative board. And two sets of the decorative sheet material sets were assembled back to back between the mirror plates. The press was heated and cooled while maintaining the pressure at 100 kg / cm 2 . After heating so that the hot plate temperature was 160 ° C. and the maximum product temperature was in the range of 143 to 148 ° C., the product was cooled to 40 ° C. to obtain a 0.28 mm thick melamine resin decorative sheet (FIG. 1).
[0026]
Example 2
A melamine resin blended with an aqueous acrylic resin emulsion and having a viscosity of 20 cps / 25 ° C., as in Example 1, using the decorative paper (monochromatic paper: 130 g / m 2 ) as the base material used in Example 1. , Impregnated melamine resin varnish for impregnation obtained by adding a catalyst, an internal mold release agent, a filler and the like, and impregnating the base material, followed by drying by heating, melamine resin impregnated decorative paper having a resin amount of 50% and a volatile content of 6% 2 was obtained. Subsequently, a base material made of thin paper having a basis weight of 37 g / m 2 was impregnated with a dehydrated and concentrated resol-type phenol resin reacted at a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.3, dried by heating, and the amount of resin was 58%. A phenol resin-impregnated thin paper 5 having a volatile content of 5% was obtained.
As in Example 1, the metal foil used was an aluminum foil 6 having a thickness of 25 μm, but the adhesive coating treatment was not performed.
The melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper 2, the phenol resin-impregnated thin paper 5, and the aluminum foil 6 were sequentially stacked and molded in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a 0.28 mm thick melamine resin decorative sheet (FIG. 2). The maximum product temperature was 145 ° C.
[0027]
Example 3
In addition, the phenol resin-impregnated thin paper 7 and aluminum foil 8 used in Example 2 were additionally incorporated into the configuration of Example 2 as one set, and molded at the maximum product temperature of 145 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1. Thus, a melamine resin decorative sheet (FIG. 3) having a thickness of 0.38 mm was obtained.
[0028]
Comparative Example 1
In the structure of Example 2 above, instead of the melamine resin varnish used in the melamine resin impregnated decorative paper 2, a resin amount of 53 obtained by using a melamine resin varnish used in manufacturing a normal post-form type high-pressure melamine decorative board %, Melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper 9 having a volatile content of 7% was used, and the product was molded at a maximum product temperature of 143 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 2, and a 0.28 mm thick melamine resin decorative sheet (FIG. 4) was formed. Obtained.
[0029]
Comparative Example 2
A post foam type decorative board having a thickness of 0.70 mm was obtained by a conventional high pressure melamine resin decorative board manufacturing method. The maximum product temperature was 135 ° C.
[0030]
The characteristics of each melamine resin decorative sheet obtained in the examples and comparative examples were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003789694
[0032]
(Measuring method)
1. Dimensional change rate: Measured according to JISK6902.
2. Normal temperature flexibility: According to the flexibility test apparatus of JISK6902.
3. Thermoformability: According to JISK6902 post-form bending test apparatus.
4). Surface pencil hardness: According to JISK5401 paint film pencil scratch test.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above explanation, the melamine resin decorative sheet of the present invention can greatly improve the problems of room temperature processability and dimensional stability while maintaining the excellent surface performance of the conventional high-pressure melamine resin decorative sheet. Therefore, the cost can be reduced by reducing the processing cost. Furthermore, by reducing the thickness, bending at room temperature becomes easy, and it can be applied to renewal demands to be pasted on a decorative panel. In addition, it is expected that effective means can be provided in terms of future recycling by appropriately controlling the adhesive force of the metal foil or the thermoplastic resin sheet portion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a decorative board obtained in Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a decorative board obtained in Example 2.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a decorative board obtained in Example 3. FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a decorative board obtained in Comparative Example 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Overlay (melamine resin impregnated thin paper)
2 Melamine resin impregnated decorative paper 3 Metal foil or thermoplastic resin sheet (aluminum foil)
4 Adhesive layer 5 Phenol resin impregnated thin paper 6 Metal foil or thermoplastic resin sheet (aluminum foil)
7 Phenol resin impregnated thin paper 8 Aluminum foil 9 Melamine resin impregnated decorative paper

Claims (4)

(A)メラミン樹脂含浸紙からなる表面層と、
B)少なくとも最下層に、厚み0.2mm以下の金属箔と、
が配されてなるメラミン樹脂化粧シートであって、
前記メラミン樹脂含浸紙に含浸される樹脂が、メラミン樹脂と水性熱可塑性樹脂との混合樹脂であり、
前記メラミン樹脂化粧シートは、厚みが0.5mm以下であり、常温下での屈曲性が、前記表面層を外側又は内側にして曲げた場合、曲げ半径15mm以下であることを特徴とするメラミン樹脂化粧シート。
(A) a surface layer made of melamine resin-impregnated paper;
( B) At least the lowest layer, a metal foil having a thickness of 0.2 mm or less,
Is a melamine resin decorative sheet,
The resin impregnated in the melamine resin-impregnated paper is a mixed resin of melamine resin and aqueous thermoplastic resin,
The melamine resin decorative sheet has a thickness of 0.5 mm or less, and has a bend radius of 15 mm or less when bent at room temperature when the surface layer is bent outside or inside. Makeup sheet.
前記水性熱可塑性樹脂の混合割合が、固形分でメラミン樹脂に対し5〜60重量%である請求項1に記載のメラミン樹脂化粧シート。2. The melamine resin decorative sheet according to claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the aqueous thermoplastic resin is 5 to 60 wt% with respect to the melamine resin in a solid content. メラミン樹脂含浸紙と金属箔とが、金属箔の片面に塗布された接着剤層を介して一体成形されている請求項1又は2に記載のメラミン樹脂化粧シート。The melamine resin decorative sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the melamine resin-impregnated paper and the metal foil are integrally formed via an adhesive layer applied to one side of the metal foil. メラミン樹脂含浸紙と金属箔とが、フェノール樹脂含浸紙又はエポキシ樹脂含浸紙を介して一体成形されている請求項1又は2に記載のメラミン樹脂化粧シート The melamine resin decorative sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the melamine resin-impregnated paper and the metal foil are integrally formed through phenol resin-impregnated paper or epoxy resin-impregnated paper .
JP28263099A 1999-10-04 1999-10-04 Melamine resin decorative sheet Expired - Fee Related JP3789694B2 (en)

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