JP3789575B2 - Gas turbine fuel supply system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel supply system for gas turbines used in the power generator and engine and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the present inventors have developed an emulsion fuel that is clean and excellent in thermal efficiency as a new fuel that replaces a conventional petroleum-based liquid fossil fuel or the like, and has attracted attention in many fields (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-273110). Issue).
[0003]
This emulsion fuel is a mixture of concentrated emulsion fuel material composed of a synthetic anionic surfactant, mousse emulsifier of distilled water, and petroleum-based liquid fuel material such as kerosene, and water is mixed and stirred about 1 to 2 times in volume ratio. It has excellent features such that it can generate high combustion heat by single combustion, has very little dust and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas during combustion, and is stable even during long-term storage. Have.
[0004]
And now, the present inventors have such excellent emulsion fuel, for example, intensive research and development and thermal power plant boilers, gas turbines, the method for combusting utilized all rather effectively as a fuel such as reciprocating engines is doing.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when this emulsion fuel is used as a gas turbine fuel in place of the conventional petroleum liquid fossil fuel as it is, there is a disadvantage that it is not ignited well at the start of the gas turbine and combustion is difficult to be performed.
[0006]
This is because the emulsion fuel contains a large amount of water and requires an ignition temperature of 400 ° C. or higher, and it is easy to use ignition means such as a spark plug when starting the gas turbine combustor in a cold state. Ignition is not performed.
[0007]
The present invention has been made to effectively solve the above problems, its object is a fuel of a novel gas turbine which can effectively utilize the emulsion fuel as a fuel for a gas turbine A supply device is provided.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a generator connected to a rotating shaft of a gas turbine and driven by the gas turbine, a thermometer for measuring a combustor temperature of the gas turbine, kerosene, light oil, etc. A liquid fossil fuel tank for storing a liquid fossil fuel, an emulsion fuel tank for storing an emulsion fuel mainly composed of an emulsifier, a liquid fuel and water and premixed with the emulsifier, the liquid fuel and water, and the gas A fuel supply line connected to the combustor of the turbine for supplying the liquid fossil fuel and the emulsion fuel to the combustor of the gas turbine, and a liquid fossil fuel supply line connecting the fuel supply line and the liquid fossil fuel tank An emulsion fuel supply line connecting the fuel supply line and the emulsion fuel tank, and the liquid fossil fuel supply And a fuel switching valve for switching one of the emulsion fuel supply line to communicate with the fuel supply line, and a control unit connected to the fuel switching valve for controlling the fuel switching valve. When the gas turbine is started, the control unit rotates the rotating shaft of the gas turbine by the generator and causes the fuel switching line to communicate with the fuel supply line and the liquid fossil fuel supply line. The liquid fossil fuel is supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine and combusted. When the combustor temperature measured by the thermometer reaches a predetermined temperature, the fuel switching line and the fuel supply line are Communicating with the emulsion fuel supply line, supplying the emulsion fuel to the combustor of the gas turbine and burning it; When the gas turbine is stopped, the fuel supply line and the liquid fossil fuel supply line are communicated with each other by the fuel switching valve, and the liquid fossil fuel is supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine and burned. After the passage of time, the supply of the liquid fossil fuel is stopped .
[0009]
Therefore, the emulsion fuel having a high ignition temperature can be effectively burned in the combustor and can be started well even when the gas turbine is restarted.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, a preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0011]
Figure 1 shows a fuel supply system of the gas turbine according to the present invention, the conventional gas turbine figure 1, 2 generator connected to the gas turbine 1, 3 a fuel to the gas turbine 1 This is a fuel supply line to be supplied.
[0012]
The gas turbine 1 mainly includes a compressor 5, a combustor 6, and a turbine 7 in a substantially cylindrical casing 4 as conventionally known, and is sucked from an opening end of the casing 4. After the combustion air is compressed by the compressor 5, the compressed air and the fuel ejected from the nozzle 8 are mixed and combusted in the combustor 6, and the turbine 7 is rotated at high speed with the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas generated by the combustion. It is supposed to let you. Further, the combustor 6 is provided with a thermometer 9 such as a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the combustor 6, and the measured value is input to the control unit 10.
[0013]
The generator 2 is connected to the rotating shaft 7a of the turbine 7 directly or via a transmission (not shown) or the like, and performs power generation by rotating a rotor (not shown) that rotates with the turbine 7. It has become.
[0014]
The fuel supply line 3 supplies emulsion fuel developed by the present inventors or a conventional petroleum-based liquid fossil fuel such as kerosene or petroleum to the nozzle 8 side of the combustor 6, and the downstream side thereof is Two lines of a fossil fuel supply line 12 and an emulsion fuel supply line 13 are connected via a fuel switching valve 11 such as an electromagnetic valve or an air valve.
[0015]
The fuel switching valve 11 is an electromagnetic valve, an air valve or the like, and is arbitrarily switched to connect the fuel supply line 3 to either the liquid fossil fuel supply line 12 or the emulsion fuel supply line 13.
[0016]
The one liquid fossil fuel supply line 12 is connected to a liquid fossil fuel tank 14 in which the liquid fossil fuel S is stored, and the supply pump 15 provided on the line supplies the liquid fossil fuel S to the fuel switching valve. 11 is supplied arbitrarily to the fuel supply line 3 side. On the other hand, an emulsion fuel tank 16 for storing the emulsion fuel N is also connected to the emulsion fuel supply line 13. The emulsion fuel N is supplied to the emulsion fuel N via the fuel switching valve 11 by a supply pump 17 provided on the line. Arbitrary supply is made to the supply line 3 side.
[0017]
The fuel switching valve 11 and the supply pumps 15 and 17 are connected to the control unit 10 in the same manner as the thermometer 9, and automatically or manually by a microcomputer incorporated in the control unit 10. Thus, the opening and closing, the operation stop, and the like are controlled remotely.
[0018]
The emulsion fuel N stored in the emulsion fuel tank 16 has been newly developed by the present inventors as described above, and includes an emulsifier composed of an anionic surfactant and petroleum-based oils such as kerosene and light oil. It is mainly composed of liquid fossil fuel and water (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-273110).
[0019]
Specifically, a synthetic anionic surfactant solution, which is a mixed solution of an alkyl surfactant sodium alkyl ether sulfate and sodium alkylbenzene acid, or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate sodium salt, which is also an anionic surfactant And a synthetic anionic surfactant solution that is a mixed solution of sodium olefin sulfonate and distilled water are added and stirred to form a mousse-like emulsifier that uniformly contains foaming properties. After the production of a concentrated emulsion fuel material by mixing and stirring petroleum-based liquid fuel such as kerosene or light oil, the concentrated emulsion fuel material is mixed with 0.2 to 2.0 times the volume of water. is there. And this emulsion fuel N is excellent in chemical stability without being separated even after long-term storage, and after combustion, without using any other heating means or fuel, as in the case of conventional petroleum-based liquid fuel. As a result of experiments conducted by the present inventors, it has become clear that high combustion heat of about 1200 ° C. or higher can be generated by combustion and that clean combustion exhaust gas can be discharged.
[0020]
On the other hand, the liquid fossil fuel S stored in the liquid fossil fuel tank 14 includes LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied propane gas), gasoline, in addition to general liquid fossil fuels such as kerosene and light oil. There is no particular limitation as long as it is a petroleum-based liquid fossil fuel having a low ignition temperature such as heavy oil or a mixed fuel thereof.
[0021]
It will now be described with reference to a flow chart illustrating an example of a fuel supply method using such a configuration in FIG. 2 with reference to FIG.
[0022]
First, when starting the operation of the gas turbine 1, the fuel switching valve 11 is controlled by the control unit 10 to connect the fuel supply line 3 and the liquid fossil fuel supply line 12, and then the supply pump 15 is driven. The liquid fossil fuel S in the liquid fossil fuel tank 14 is supplied to the gas turbine 1 side. At this time, since the emulsion fuel supply line 13 is closed, the emulsion fuel N in the emulsion fuel tank 16 is not supplied to the gas turbine 1 side.
[0023]
The liquid fossil fuel S supplied to the gas turbine 1 side is injected into the combustor 6 from the nozzle 8 and simultaneously ignited by an ignition plug (not shown) or the like, and in the combustor 6 by the combustion air sent from the compressor 4 side. The turbine 7 is driven by generating high-temperature and high-pressure combustion exhaust gas. Then, the rotating shaft 7a of the turbine 7 is rotated by driving the turbine 7, and the generator 2 connected thereto is driven to generate electric power. When the gas turbine 1 is started, the generator 2 may be used as a starter in order to supply combustion air to the combustor 6 side.
[0024]
When the combustion of the liquid fossil fuel S starts in the combustor 6 in this way, the temperature of the combustor 6 is measured by the thermometer 9 and the signal is sent from the thermometer 9 to the control unit 10. The controller 10 continues to supply the liquid fossil fuel until the temperature of the combustor 6 reaches 400 ° C. or higher, and continues the combustion to heat the combustor 6. When the temperature of the combustor 6 reaches 400 ° C. or more due to this combustion, the control unit 10 stops the supply pump 15 and simultaneously switches the fuel switching valve 11 to the emulsion fuel supply line 13 side to drive the supply pump 17. The fuel supplied to the gas turbine 1 is switched from the liquid fossil fuel S to the emulsion fuel N. In the case of the liquid fossil fuel N, the emulsion fuel supplied to the combustor 6 side is ignited and burned at the same time as being injected from the nozzle 8 because the temperature in the combustor 6 is already 400 ° C. or higher. Similarly, the turbine 7 is driven by generating high-temperature and high-pressure combustion exhaust gas.
[0025]
Next, when the gas turbine 1 is stopped, the control unit 10 controls the fuel switching valve 11 to return the fuel supplied to the gas turbine 1 side from the emulsion fuel N to the liquid fossil fuel S again (2). After combustion, the supply pump 15 is stopped and the supply of the liquid fossil fuel S is stopped.
[0026]
That is, when the gas turbine 1 is stopped in a state where the emulsion fuel N is supplied, water droplets in the emulsion fuel N remain in the combustor 6 and the emulsion fuel N remains in the fuel supply line 6. This is because the liquid fossil fuel is not properly ignited in the combustor 6 at the start of the next operation.
[0027]
As described above, the present invention uses the conventional liquid fossil fuel only at the start and end of the operation of the gas turbine 1 and uses the new emulsion fuel developed by the present inventors at the time of the main combustion. By this, the gas turbine can be operated effectively. Moreover, as described above, since this emulsion fuel contains a large amount of water, the fuel cost can be kept low, and at the same time, clean exhaust gas with very little dust and nitrogen oxides can be discharged. .
[0028]
In this embodiment, the gas turbine power generation is described as an example. However, the propulsion unit using the gas turbine, for example, a turboprop engine, a turboshaft engine, a turbofan engine, a turbojet engine, a ramjet engine, and the like. Of course, the above can be similarly applied.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, excellent effects such as that the gas turbine can be operated and controlled at low cost by the clean and inexpensive emulsion fuel developed by the present inventors are exhibited.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a fuel supply device for a gas turbine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a fuel supply method .
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gas turbine 2 Generator 3 Fuel supply line 4 Casing 5 Compressor 6 Combustor 7 Turbine 10 Control part 11 Fuel switching valve 14 Liquid fossil fuel tank 16 Emulsion fuel tank S Liquid fossil fuel N Emulsion fuel

Claims (1)

A generator connected to the rotating shaft of the gas turbine and driven by the gas turbine, a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the combustor of the gas turbine, and a liquid fossil fuel tank for storing liquid fossil fuel such as kerosene and light oil An emulsion fuel tank that contains an emulsifier, a liquid fuel, and water as main components and that stores an emulsion fuel in which the emulsifier, the liquid fuel, and water are mixed in advance, and is connected to the combustor of the gas turbine. A fuel supply line for supplying the liquid fossil fuel and the emulsion fuel to the combustor, a liquid fossil fuel supply line connecting the fuel supply line and the liquid fossil fuel tank, the fuel supply line, and the emulsion fuel tank An emulsion fuel supply line, the liquid fossil fuel supply line, and the emulsion fuel supply Comprising a fuel selector valve for either one of the in-switch to communicating with the fuel supply line, and a control unit for controlling the fuel selector valve is connected to the fuel changeover valve,
When the gas turbine is started, the control unit rotates the rotating shaft of the gas turbine by the generator, and connects the fuel supply line and the liquid fossil fuel supply line by the fuel switching valve. Supplying the liquid fossil fuel to the combustor of the gas turbine and burning it,
When the combustor temperature measured by the thermometer reaches a predetermined temperature, the fuel switching line causes the fuel supply line and the emulsion fuel supply line to communicate with each other so that the emulsion fuel is combusted in the gas turbine. To supply and burn
When stopping the gas turbine, the fuel switching line is communicated with the liquid fossil fuel supply line by the fuel switching valve, and the liquid fossil fuel is supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine and burned. After the passage of time, the supply of the liquid fossil fuel is stopped.
A fuel supply device for a gas turbine.

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