JP3784208B2 - In-vehicle terminal for automatic toll collection system on toll road - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an in-vehicle terminal of an automatic toll collection system that automatically collects a toll usage fee by communication with a vehicle passing through the toll road.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various automatic toll collection systems have been proposed in which gates such as toll gates provided at the entrance and exit of toll roads are unmanned, the toll payment is cashless, and the toll gate can be passed non-stop.
For example, in the automatic toll collection system disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-14043 or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-16977, roadside devices are installed at the entrance and exit of toll roads and check barriers such as branch points, and the roadside By installing in-vehicle terminals that can communicate with devices wirelessly in a vehicle and communicating between them, automatically from a card-type storage medium such as an IC card that is detachably attached to the in-vehicle terminals The usage fee is collected. That is, at the entrance, the roadside device transmits the roadside information such as the entrance gate identification information and the traffic date and time, and stores the information in the memory of the in-vehicle terminal mounted on the vehicle. At the exit, the identification information of the entrance gate and the check barrier stored in the memory of the in-vehicle terminal of the passing vehicle and the vehicle side information such as the vehicle type of the vehicle are transmitted from the in-vehicle terminal to the roadside device. The roadside device calculates a usage fee by obtaining a route from the entrance to the exit, and collects the fee from an IC card mounted on the in-vehicle terminal by a prepaid method, a credit method, or the like. As a result, information relating to payment of usage charges such as balance information and payment history information stored in the IC card is rewritten.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the automatic toll collection system using wireless communication as described above, the area where the roadside device and the in-vehicle terminal can communicate with each other is set as narrow as about 3 to 5 m in diameter. This is to prevent interference with the roadside apparatus in the adjacent lane and unnecessary communication with a vehicle traveling in another lane. Also, when the vehicle passes under the roadside device at high speed, the usage fee must be collected correctly. For this reason, communication between the roadside device and the in-vehicle terminal must be performed in a very short time. For example, when a vehicle passes through a 3 m diameter communicable area at a speed of 80 km / h, the possible road-to-vehicle communication is about 135 ms.
[0004]
On the other hand, communication between an IC card conforming to ISO7816 and IC card terminals widely used in Japan and abroad is generally a serial communication system of 9600 bits / second, and 11 bits per character (start bit 1 bit + data 8 bits + parity bit 1 bit + stop bit 1 bit). ), And it takes about 1.1 milliseconds to transmit one character. In addition, since an 8-bit CPU is widely used for IC cards, the processing speed is slow, and it generally takes several tens of milliseconds or more to receive a response after receiving a command such as data reading from an IC card terminal. is there. Usually, it takes about 500 milliseconds to 1 second from the time the IC card is inserted into the IC card terminal until the reading of information necessary for the settlement process is completed. This is because IC cards are generally used for payment processing at stores such as stores, so it may take several seconds from the time the IC card is inserted into the IC card terminal until the payment processing is completed. This is because the processing performance of the IC card is sacrificed to suppress as much as possible.
When such an IC card is used in an in-vehicle terminal of an automatic toll collection system, if the vehicle has entered an area where communication with the roadside device is possible and the information necessary for toll collection is read from the IC card, it will be in time. Absent. That is, there is a problem that the settlement information read from the IC card passes through the communicable area before the transmission of the settlement information to the roadside device is completed.
[0005]
Further, the IC card conforming to ISO7816 that is widely used at present is a contact type, and communicates with the IC card terminal through a contact on the IC card. Since the IC card is inserted into the in-vehicle terminal throughout the travel of the vehicle, the IC card may be displaced due to vibration during the travel of the vehicle, resulting in poor contact. If the user of the in-vehicle terminal does not notice this and passes under the roadside device installed at the entrance, check barrier, exit, etc., the information necessary for automatic collection of the charges stored in the IC card is sent to the roadside device. It cannot be transmitted from the IC card to the readout roadside device, and automatic charge collection becomes impossible. In particular, in the case of an exit gate, the user is not able to pass through the exit gate and is guided to a toll gate where there is a toll, and then stops and settles the fee.
There is also an example of unauthorized use of an IC card. For example, there is an illegal act in which a payment record (charge deduction) cannot be recorded on the IC card even though the fee is paid using the IC card.
[0006]
The present invention provides an automatic toll collection system that can automatically collect tolls even when a vehicle passes under a roadside device at high speed while using a slow-operating IC card such as an ISO 7816 compliant IC card. An object is to provide an in-vehicle terminal.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an in-vehicle terminal for an automatic toll collection system that can minimize the occurrence of errors due to poor contact of IC card contacts due to vehicle vibrations.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an in-vehicle terminal of an automatic fee collection system that can detect unauthorized use of an IC card.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a vehicle-mounted card insertion type in-vehicle terminal used in a toll road automatic toll collection system, provided with a high-speed memory compared to the access speed of the card, Automatic toll collection of toll roads, which is performed between the memory that received the information in the card and the roadside device, and the result is written back from the memory to the card when the use of the toll road is completed In the in-vehicle terminal of the system,
Whether the card is inserted or not after the card is inserted is sequentially monitored by the monitoring means, and when the card insertion abnormality is detected, the receipt information in the memory is erased and the insertion abnormality is displayed. An in-vehicle terminal is disclosed.
[0009]
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a vehicle-mounted terminal used in a toll road automatic toll collection system,
Communication means for communicating with roadside devices installed at the entrance or exit of toll roads, display means for displaying messages and necessary information to in-vehicle users, detachable attachment, and receipt information on toll collection A card-type storage medium for storing information, a means for detecting attachment of the card-type storage medium, a high-speed memory for reading and temporarily storing information including receipt information in the card-type storage medium based on this attachment detection, and attachment detection The use of the toll road is completed through the communication means based on the monitoring means for determining the mounting state of the card-type storage medium at a predetermined interval later by sending a command to the storage medium from the response and the normality of the mounting state. Accordingly, means for updating the receipt information in the memory, means for rewriting the information including the receipt information in the updated memory to the storage medium, Deletes the collection information in said memory, and means for displaying on the display means displays to that effect, it discloses an in-vehicle terminal of the automatic toll collection system more composed toll road.
[0010]
Furthermore, the present invention discloses an in-vehicle terminal in which the card-type storage medium is an IC card and the command is based on the ISO standard.
Further, according to the present invention, when there is a communication request from the roadside device via the communication means during monitoring by the monitoring means, processing is performed according to the communication request, and monitoring is continued again after this processing. Disclosed is an in-vehicle terminal.
Furthermore, the present invention discloses an in-vehicle device in which processing includes transmission of a data item from the memory to the roadside device, rewriting of the data item in the memory, and rewriting completion processing of the payment information.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an in-vehicle terminal and an IC card mounted on a vehicle according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, an in-vehicle terminal 1 includes a terminal control unit 102 that controls the in-vehicle terminal 1 and a communication control unit 103 that is connected to the terminal control unit 102 and controls communication with a roadside device (not shown). The antenna 3 is connected to the communication control unit 103 and communicates with the roadside device, and the display device 104 is connected to the terminal control unit 102 and transmits a message by voice and liquid crystal display to the user of the in-vehicle terminal. And a high-speed memory 105 and an IC card interface 101 connected to the terminal control unit 102, and are fixedly mounted on the vehicle body of the vehicle.
[0013]
The communication control unit 103 has a function of communicating with the roadside device, generates a signal to be transmitted to the roadside device based on a command from the terminal control unit 102, modulates the signal, and transmits the modulated signal via the antenna 3. At the same time, a signal from the roadside device is received, demodulated, and sent to the terminal control unit 102. The memory 105 is a non-volatile memory (or non-volatile memory area; the same applies hereinafter) for storing information unique to the vehicle on which the in-vehicle terminal such as the vehicle number and vehicle type is mounted, and for automatic fee collection stored in the IC card. Is composed of a volatile memory (or volatile memory area; the same applies hereinafter) that temporarily stores information (hereinafter referred to as payment information). This volatile memory is a cache memory.
The IC card interface 101 is formed so that the IC card 2 can be detachably attached, has an IC card connector having a mechanism for detecting the attachment / detachment state of the IC card 2 and transmitting it to the terminal control unit 102, and a command from the terminal control unit 102 Accordingly, it is composed of a circuit for exchanging signals with the IC card 2.
[0014]
The IC card 2 conforms to ISO7816-1, 2, 3 and 4, and an IC card interface 201 having a physical contact for connecting to the IC card interface 101 on the in-vehicle terminal 1 side and a circuit for driving the physical contact, It comprises a CPU 202 that controls the IC card 2 and a nonvolatile memory 203. The IC card 2 is formed so as to be detachably attached to the in-vehicle terminal 1, and ISO 7816-3 and the in-vehicle terminal 1 through the IC card interface 201 and the IC card interface 101 of the in-vehicle terminal 1. It is possible to send and receive commands / responses according to 4.
The CPU 202 controls the signal transmission / reception operation between the IC card 2 and the in-vehicle terminal 1 and the writing / reading operation to / from the memory 203 to receive, interpret, and generate a response in accordance with ISO7816-3 and 4. And transmitted to the in-vehicle terminal 1. The memory 203 identifies roadside information such as toll road entrances, check barriers, or exits received by the in-vehicle terminal 1 through road-to-vehicle communication, monetary information such as balance and usage details information, and the IC card 2 and in-vehicle terminal 1 The payment information, which is ID information for security and a security code, is stored. In addition, as a fee collection method for the IC card 2, a prepaid method, a credit method, or the like can be applied.
[0015]
Next, the operation will be described.
The vehicle-mounted terminal 1 is turned on when the vehicle engine is operated, and the power is turned off by stopping the engine, as in the car audio system. Therefore, the power is always turned on while the vehicle is running. When the vehicle-mounted terminal 1 is turned on, it performs an initialization process, a self-diagnosis process, and the like according to a command from the terminal control unit 102, and then until an IC card is attached or detached or a radio wave is received from a roadside device It is in standby state.
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows an operation when the IC card 2 is inserted or removed from the in-vehicle terminal 1. When the IC card 2 is inserted into the in-vehicle terminal 1, the insertion is detected by the IC card interface 101 and transmitted to the terminal control unit 102. The terminal control unit 102 recognizes this, and starts the processing after S401. The terminal control unit 102 supplies power, a clock signal, and the like to the IC card 2 and executes an activation sequence defined in ISO7816 to activate (operate) the IC card 2 (S402).
At this time, mutual authentication processing for confirming whether the in-vehicle terminal 1 and the IC card 2 have been illegally counterfeited, or authentication with a personal identification number for confirming that the user of the IC card 2 is legitimate May be performed. Next, the terminal control unit 102 transmits a read command to the IC card 2, reads the payment information in the IC card 2, and stores it in the payment information cache area in the memory 105 (S403). Thereafter, the terminal control unit 102 transmits a command to the IC card 2 (S404). This is to confirm that the IC card 2 is correctly inserted into the in-vehicle terminal 1, and a READ RECORD command, a SELECT FILE command, etc. defined in ISO7816-4 can be used. The command format is shown in FIG. 4 (i), and the command structure is shown in FIGS. 4 (iii) and (iV). The terminal control unit 102 receives the processing result for this command from the IC card 2 (S405), and determines whether the command processing result is correct (S406). This is because the processing result is correctly transferred without a transfer error by the command transfer protocol (T = 0, T = 1, etc.) of the IC card specified in ISO7816, and the processing is normally completed (specified in ISO7816 in the processing result). Is determined to be correct). The format (response format) of such processing is shown in FIG. 4 (ii). If the result is correct, it can be determined that the physical connection between the IC card interface 101 and the IC card 2 is correct and / or the IC card has not been illegally exchanged, so the process returns to S404 and the card check confirmation process is continued again. . This card check confirmation work will be continued. If the result is invalid or if there is no response from the IC card 2, it is determined that a physical connection error between the IC card interface 101 and the IC card 2 or the IC card has been illegally exchanged. The payment information in the payment information cache is deleted (S407), a message is displayed to the user of the in-vehicle terminal to insert the IC card again through the display device 104 (S408), and the process returns to the standby state (S409). There is also a method of temporarily comparing with other areas by adding a flag indicating abnormality or unauthorized exchange without deleting the settlement information. Then, it is used for a monitor after that.
[0017]
When IC card ejection is detected by the IC card interface 101, the terminal control unit 102 deactivates the IC card by disconnecting the power supply and clock signal supplied to the IC card (S411), and then the memory 105 The settlement information in the settlement information cache is deleted (S407), a message is displayed to the user of the in-vehicle terminal to insert the IC card again through the display device 104 (S408), and the process returns to the standby state (S409).
[0018]
FIG. 3 shows a processing flow when the in-vehicle terminal 1 receives a command from the roadside device. Here, the command from the roadside device includes a data transmission request to the roadside device, a payment information update request, a road-to-vehicle communication end request (or end report), and the like. If a command is received from the roadside device during the execution of the loop of S404 to S406, this loop is temporarily interrupted, the processing from S501 is executed, and after completion, the loop of S404 to S406 is not returned to the standby state of S509. Resume execution.
[0019]
The terminal control unit 102 detects whether the IC card 2 is inserted through the IC card interface 101 (S502). When the IC card 2 is inserted and the payment information is read into the payment information cache in the memory 105, the process proceeds from S502 to S503. Otherwise, an error is transmitted to the roadside device (S508). When the roadside device receives the error, it guides the vehicle to the toll gate where the toll collector is located.
Next, the terminal control unit 102 determines the command type received from the roadside device (S503). If the command is a DATA-GET command, since it is a data transmission request to the roadside device, the terminal control unit 102 determines the data item specified by the roadside device from the payment information in the payment information cache in the memory 105. And it transmits to a roadside apparatus through the antenna 3 (S504). If the command is a DATA-SET command, the terminal control unit 102 receives a data item designated by the roadside device from the payment information in the payment information cache in the memory 105 from the roadside device because it is a payment information update request. The updated data is updated (S505). If the command is a DATA-END command, it indicates the end of road-to-vehicle communication, so the terminal control unit 102 checks whether the contents of the payment information cache in the memory 105 have been updated (S506). For example, a flag is set for each data item in the payment information cache, the flag is cleared when the payment information is read from the IC card 2 (S403), and updated when the data item is updated (S505). Set the flag for the selected data item. In S506, it is possible to determine which data item has been updated by checking the flag of each data item. When the data item of the payment information in the payment information cache has been updated, only the updated data item is written back to the IC card 2 (S507), and the process returns to the standby state (S509). This process is performed after the vehicle has passed the exit toll gate. However, when a command is received from the roadside apparatus during the execution of the loop of S404 to S406 and the loop is temporarily interrupted, the loop processing (that is, card check) is resumed without returning to the standby state.
[0020]
If it is determined NO in S406, it can be determined that the physical connection between the IC card interface 101 and the IC card 2 has become defective due to vibrations while the vehicle is running, or that the IC card has been removed or replaced in an unauthorized manner. , S407 is essential. If S407 is not performed, the payment information cache in the memory 105 stores the payment information read from the IC card when the IC card is inserted, so that S502 is determined to be YES when the exit toll gate passes, and the roadside device Data items are exchanged in the same manner as when the IC card is correctly inserted. As a result, even though the IC card is not inserted correctly, this vehicle can pass normally without detecting an error at the exit toll gate. Then, when S507 is performed after passing through the exit toll gate, an error occurs in writing to the IC card, and the payment information cannot be correctly written back to the IC card. In the case of the prepaid system, the result is that the balance information is not correctly updated.
[0021]
For example, the user of the in-vehicle terminal can work the IC card interface 101 so that the IC card interface 101 cannot detect the discharge of the IC card. If the IC card is removed before the exit toll gate, there is a problem that the toll gate can be normally passed as described above and the balance information in the IC card is not correctly updated.
If an abnormality is detected in S406, the payment information in the payment information cache is immediately deleted in S407, so that NO is determined in S502 when passing through the exit toll gate, and the roadside device detects an error by the processing in S508. This vehicle can be guided to the toll gate where the toll collector is located. Therefore, it is possible to reliably collect charges even in the case of the prepaid method.
[0022]
FIG. 4 shows commands used in S404. FIG. 4 (i) shows a command to be transmitted to the IC card, and FIG. 4 (ii) shows a response format which is a processing result received from the IC card. Both are defined in ISO7816.
In order to execute S404, two types of commands defined in ISO7816 can be used. FIG. 4 (iii) shows the case where the SELECT FILE command is used. The DF name storing the settlement information in the IC card is passed to the command parameter, and this DF is selected. If it can be selected normally, SW1 = 61 can be received as a response.
FIG. 4 (iV) shows a case where a READ RECORD command is used. Using this command, the EF storing the settlement information in the IC card is read. If it can be read normally, SW1 = 61 can be received as a response.
[0023]
According to the present embodiment, when the toll collection process is performed by communicating with the roadside device, the payment information read into the memory in the in-vehicle terminal is used instead of reading the payment information from the IC card. Thus, even when the vehicle passes under the roadside device at high speed, the usage fee is correctly collected.
In addition, by sending a command to the IC card at regular intervals and confirming that the response received from the card-type storage medium is correct, the IC card is illegally removed and replaced, and between the in-vehicle terminal and the IC card. Detects abnormal physical connections and notifies users.
[0024]
The in-vehicle device is conveniently integrated with the operation terminal device of the car navigation system or the car audio system.
[0025]
Although the ISO standard example has been described as a command, other commands can be applied. Further, although the IC card is compliant with the ISO standard, there may be other examples.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reliably collect automatic charges even when a vehicle passes under a roadside device at a high speed, using an IC card that operates slowly, and an IC caused by vibration of the vehicle or the like. It is possible to realize an in-vehicle terminal of an automatic toll collection system that can minimize the occurrence of errors due to poor contact of card contacts.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an in-vehicle terminal and an IC card according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an operation when the IC card is attached / detached in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation when a roadside command is received according to the embodiment of FIG. 1;
4 is a diagram showing a format of an IC card command and a response according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 In-vehicle terminal 2 IC card 3 Antenna 101 IC card interface 102 Terminal control part 103 Communication control part 104 Display apparatus 105 Memory 201 IC card interface 202 CPU
203 memory

Claims (5)

A card-mounted card-mounted terminal used in an automatic toll collection system for toll roads, provided with a memory that is faster than the access speed of the card, entering the toll road and using the toll road In-vehicle terminal of toll road automatic toll collection system that updates receipt information etc. upon completion between the memory that received the information in the card and the roadside device, and writes the result back into the card from the memory In
Whether the card is inserted or not after the card is inserted is sequentially monitored by the monitoring means, and when the card insertion abnormality is detected, the receipt information in the memory is erased and the insertion abnormality is displayed. In-vehicle terminal. In the vehicle-mounted terminal used in the toll road automatic toll collection system,
Communication means for communicating with roadside devices installed at the entrance or exit of toll roads, display means for displaying messages and necessary information to in-vehicle users, detachable attachment, and receipt information on toll collection A card-type storage medium for storing information, a means for detecting attachment of the card-type storage medium, a high-speed memory for reading and temporarily storing information including receipt information in the card-type storage medium based on this attachment detection, and attachment detection The use of the toll road is completed through the communication means based on the monitoring means for determining the mounting state of the card-type storage medium at a predetermined interval later by sending a command to the storage medium from the response and the normality of the mounting state. Accordingly, means for updating the receipt information in the memory, means for rewriting the information including the receipt information in the updated memory to the storage medium, Deletes the collection information in said memory, and means for displaying on the display means displays to that effect, the vehicle-mounted terminal more consisting Electronic Toll Collection System.   The in-vehicle terminal according to claim 2, wherein the card-type storage medium is an IC card, and the command is based on an ISO standard.   3. When there is a communication request from the roadside device via the communication means during monitoring by the monitoring means, the processing according to the communication request is performed, and monitoring is continued again after this processing. In-vehicle terminal.   The in-vehicle terminal according to claim 4, wherein the processing includes transmission of a data item from the memory to the roadside device, rewriting of the data item in the memory, and rewriting completion processing of the payment information.

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