JP3778042B2 - Membrane breakage detection method and membrane separation system of membrane separation apparatus - Google Patents

Membrane breakage detection method and membrane separation system of membrane separation apparatus Download PDF

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JP3778042B2
JP3778042B2 JP2001305437A JP2001305437A JP3778042B2 JP 3778042 B2 JP3778042 B2 JP 3778042B2 JP 2001305437 A JP2001305437 A JP 2001305437A JP 2001305437 A JP2001305437 A JP 2001305437A JP 3778042 B2 JP3778042 B2 JP 3778042B2
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Prior art keywords
membrane
water
membrane separation
raw water
breakage
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JP2003112018A (en
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直樹 松渓
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は原水を膜分離処理して濃縮水と透過水とに分離するための膜分離装置における膜の破損を検知する方法に関する。また、本発明は膜分離装置の膜破損検知手段を備えた膜分離システムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
周知の通り、膜分離装置は原水を分離膜によって濃縮水と透過水とに分離するよう構成されている。この膜に破損が生じると、透過水中に原水が混入することになるから、膜破損は迅速に検知される必要がある。
【0003】
従来、膜の破損を検知する方法として、膜分離装置の原水室に空気(気体)を導入し、透過水室側への空気の漏れ出しを検知する方法が知られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
原水室内に空気を供給して膜の破損を検知する方法においては、原水室内に空気を供給したときに原水流路の大部分が空気で占められ、原水流量が著しく低下する。このため、膜破損検知のための空気導入は定常の膜分離装置運転中には行われず、膜分離装置の運転を停止してから行うようにしているが、このような膜破損検知方法では、膜破損の検知が遅れがちとなる。
【0005】
本発明は、膜破損を連続的に監視し、膜破損が生じたときには遅滞なくこれを検知することができる膜破損検知方法と、膜分離システムとを提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の膜分離装置の膜破損検知方法は、原水を濃縮水と分離水とに分離する膜分離装置の膜破損を検知する方法において、該膜分離装置の運転中に、空気を溶解させた加圧水を膜分離装置の原水に供給するとともに、該膜分離装置の透過水中の気泡を検出することにより、膜の破損を検知することを特徴とするものである。
【0007】
また、本発明の膜分離システムは、膜分離装置と、該膜分離装置に原水を供給する手段とを備えた膜分離システムにおいて、該原水に加圧水を供給する手段と、透過水中の気泡を検知する手段とを備えたことを特徴とするものである。
【0008】
かかる本発明においては、空気が溶解した加圧水を原水側に供給すると、原水中にマイクロエアー(微細気泡)が発生する。膜に破損が存在すると、このマイクロエアーが破損箇所を通って透過水中に混入するので、この透過水中のマイクロエアーを検知することにより膜破損を検知することが可能となる。なお、マイクロエアーは微粒子として検出することが可能であるため、高感度濁度計や微粒子カウンター等によって検知することができる。
【0009】
このマイクロエアーは、原水中に含まれていても気泡が微細であるため原水室内の水の流れを邪魔することがない。従って、膜分離装置の運転中においても、原水に加圧水を供給して原水に気泡を存在させることが可能となり、連続して膜の破損を監視し、膜に破損が生じたときには遅滞なくこれを検知することが可能である。
【0010】
なお、膜に破損が生じると、破損箇所を通ってマイクロエアーが透過水中に流出し、透過水中のマイクロエアーが著しく増大する。従って、透過水中の微粒子数を連続的に計測し、この微粒子数の所定以上の増加を検出することに基づいて膜の破損を検知することが可能である。この方法によれば、膜分離装置の運転中に膜に破損が生じた場合には迅速にこれを検知することができる。もちろん、運転開始当初から膜に破損が存在する場合であっても、透過水中の微粒子数が定常値よりも多いことが検知され、これに基いて膜に破損が生じていることが検知される。
【0011】
なお、膜に破損が存在すると、透過水にマイクロエアーが混入するだけでなく、原水が混入することによっても、透過水中の微粒子数が増大する。原水の混入による透過水中の微粒子数増加を検知するだけでも膜の破損は検知可能であるが、原水混入だけでは透過水中の微粒子数増大はマイクロエアーも混入する場合に比べて少ない。本発明では、膜破損時にマイクロエアーも透過水中に混入するので膜の破損を遅滞なく検知することができる。
【0012】
本発明において、膜分離装置は、限外濾過装置、精密濾過装置、逆浸透膜分離装置などの各種の膜分離装置のうちのいずれのものであってもよい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して実施の形態について説明する。図1は実施の形態に係る膜分離システムの系統図である。
【0014】
原水槽1に貯留された原水は、原水ポンプ2及び原水供給用配管3を介して膜分離装置4の原水室4aに導入される。膜分離装置4の膜4bを透過した透過水は、透過水室4cから透過水取出配管6を介して取り出される。透過しなかった水(濃縮水)は返送配管5を介して原水槽1に返送される。
【0015】
原水供給用配管3の原水ポンプ2よりも下流側には加圧水供給装置10が接続されている。この加圧水供給装置10は、加圧水タンク11と、この加圧水タンク11内に水を供給する配管12と、加圧水タンク11内に圧縮空気を供給するコンプレッサ13と、加圧水タンク11内の加圧水を前記原水供給用配管3に供給する配管14と、該配管14に設けられた加圧水供給制御弁15とを有する。なお、この実施の形態では、該配管14を原水供給用配管3に接続しているが、配管14は膜分離装置4の濃縮水室4aに直接に加圧水を供給するように接続されてもよい。この加圧水タンク11内の圧力は原水ポンプ2の吐出圧よりも高く設定されている。
【0016】
この実施の形態では、透過水取出配管6に分取用の配管20が接続され、透過水の一部を分取して高感度濁度計21に導くようにしている。
【0017】
このように構成された膜分離システムにおいては、上記の通り、原水は配管3,5を介して膜分離装置4の原水室4aに流通されると共に、配管3内において原水に対し加圧水が添加される。
【0018】
配管3内の水圧が加圧水タンク11内の圧力よりも低いため、配管3内の原水に添加された加圧水からはマイクロエアーが発生する。このマイクロエアーを含んだ原水が濃縮水室4aに導入される。
【0019】
膜4bに破損が無い場合、マイクロエアーは透過水室4c側へ流出することはなく、濃縮水と共に配管5から原水槽1に流入する。
【0020】
膜4bに破損が存在すると、この破損箇所からマイクロエアー含有原水が透過水室4c側へ漏れ出すようになり、高感度濁度計21で計測される濁度が増大する。従って、高感度濁度計21の濁度が所定値以上となったり、あるいは濁度上昇率が所定上昇率以上となったことを検出することにより膜の破損が検知される。
【0021】
上記の加圧水タンク11内の圧力と膜分離装置4の濃縮水室4aの入口部分の水圧との差は100〜500kPa程度が好ましい。また、加圧水の添加量は原水流量の5〜15%程度が好ましい。高感度濁度計21は、少なくとも粒径0.5μmの微粒子数を感知できる感度のものが好ましい。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下、図1の装置の運転例について説明する。
【0023】
実験例1
図1の装置において、膜分離装置4として内圧中空糸限外濾過膜分離装置(定格処理水量2.3m/Hr、中空糸膜の数4000本)を用いた。
【0024】
この膜分離装置4に対し原水として市水を給水圧力40kPa、給水量1.2m/Hrの割合で通水した。加圧水水圧は370kPaとし、原水水量の10%の空気を溶解させた加圧水を原水に添加した。
【0025】
高感度濁度計21により0.1μm以上の微粒子数を計測した。その結果、透過水中の平均微粒子数は3×10個/ccであった。
【0026】
実験例2
実験例1において加圧水の供給を行わなかったこと以外は同様にして膜分離装置の運転を行ったが、高感度濁度計21により検出される微粒子数は3×10個/ccと変りはなかった。
【0027】
実験例3
実験例1において1本の中空糸膜を切断して運転を行ったところ、高感度濁度計21により検出される微粒子数は2×10個/ccであった。
【0028】
実験例4
実験例3において加圧水の供給を行わなかったこと以外は同様にして膜分離装置の運転を行ったところ、高感度濁度計21で検出される微粒子数は5×10個/ccに止まり、加圧水添加時に比べて著しく少なかった。このため、加圧水を添加しないと、膜の破損の検知が著しく遅くなったり、また破損の程度が低いときには破損を検知できないおそれもあることが分った。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上の通り、本発明によると膜分離装置の膜の破損を遅滞なく検知することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施の形態に係る膜分離システムの系統図である。
【符号の説明】
1 原水槽
2 原水ポンプ
4 膜分離装置
4a 濃縮水室
4b 膜
4c 透過水室
10 加圧水供給装置
11 加圧水タンク
13 コンプレッサ
21 高感度濁度計
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for detecting membrane breakage in a membrane separation device for separating raw water into membrane water and permeated water by membrane separation treatment. The present invention also relates to a membrane separation system provided with membrane breakage detection means of a membrane separation device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, the membrane separation device is configured to separate raw water into concentrated water and permeated water using a separation membrane. If this membrane breaks, raw water will be mixed into the permeated water, so that the membrane breakage needs to be detected quickly.
[0003]
Conventionally, as a method of detecting breakage of a membrane, a method of detecting air leakage to the permeate chamber side by introducing air (gas) into the raw water chamber of the membrane separation apparatus is known.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the method of detecting air breakage by supplying air into the raw water chamber, when the air is supplied into the raw water chamber, most of the raw water flow path is occupied by air, and the raw water flow rate is significantly reduced. For this reason, air introduction for membrane breakage detection is not performed during normal operation of the membrane separator, and is performed after the operation of the membrane separator is stopped. Detection of membrane breakage tends to be delayed.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide a membrane breakage detection method and a membrane separation system capable of continuously monitoring membrane breakage and detecting the occurrence of membrane breakage without delay.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The membrane breakage detection method for a membrane separation apparatus according to the present invention is a method for detecting membrane breakage of a membrane separation apparatus for separating raw water into concentrated water and separated water, wherein air is dissolved during operation of the membrane separation apparatus. While the pressurized water is supplied to the raw water of the membrane separator, the breakage of the membrane is detected by detecting bubbles in the permeated water of the membrane separator.
[0007]
The membrane separation system of the present invention is a membrane separation system comprising a membrane separation device and means for supplying raw water to the membrane separation device, means for supplying pressurized water to the raw water, and detecting bubbles in the permeated water. And a means for performing.
[0008]
In the present invention, when pressurized water in which air is dissolved is supplied to the raw water side, micro air (fine bubbles) is generated in the raw water. If there is a breakage in the membrane, the micro air is mixed into the permeated water through the breakage portion, so that the membrane breakage can be detected by detecting the micro air in the permeated water. Since micro air can be detected as fine particles, it can be detected by a highly sensitive turbidimeter, a fine particle counter, or the like.
[0009]
Even if this micro air is contained in the raw water, since the bubbles are fine, it does not disturb the flow of water in the raw water chamber. Therefore, even during the operation of the membrane separation device, it is possible to supply pressurized water to the raw water so that bubbles are present in the raw water, and continuously monitor the membrane for damage. It is possible to detect.
[0010]
When the membrane is damaged, micro air flows out into the permeated water through the damaged portion, and the micro air in the permeated water is remarkably increased. Therefore, it is possible to detect the breakage of the membrane based on continuously measuring the number of fine particles in the permeated water and detecting an increase in the number of fine particles above a predetermined value. According to this method, if the membrane is damaged during the operation of the membrane separator, it can be detected quickly. Of course, even if the membrane is damaged from the beginning of operation, it is detected that the number of fine particles in the permeated water is larger than the steady value, and based on this, it is detected that the membrane is damaged. .
[0011]
If the membrane is damaged, not only micro air is mixed into the permeated water, but also the number of fine particles in the permeated water is increased by mixing raw water. Although it is possible to detect damage to the membrane only by detecting the increase in the number of fine particles in the permeated water due to the contamination of raw water, the increase in the number of fine particles in the permeated water is less than that when micro air is also mixed. In the present invention, since micro air is also mixed into the permeated water when the membrane is broken, the membrane breakage can be detected without delay.
[0012]
In the present invention, the membrane separation device may be any one of various membrane separation devices such as an ultrafiltration device, a microfiltration device, and a reverse osmosis membrane separation device.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a membrane separation system according to an embodiment.
[0014]
The raw water stored in the raw water tank 1 is introduced into the raw water chamber 4 a of the membrane separation device 4 through the raw water pump 2 and the raw water supply pipe 3. The permeated water that has permeated the membrane 4b of the membrane separation device 4 is taken out from the permeated water chamber 4c through the permeated water extraction pipe 6. The water that has not permeated (concentrated water) is returned to the raw water tank 1 via the return pipe 5.
[0015]
A pressurized water supply device 10 is connected downstream of the raw water pump 2 in the raw water supply pipe 3. The pressurized water supply device 10 includes a pressurized water tank 11, a pipe 12 for supplying water into the pressurized water tank 11, a compressor 13 for supplying compressed air into the pressurized water tank 11, and pressurized water in the pressurized water tank 11 for supplying the raw water. And a pressurized water supply control valve 15 provided in the pipe 14. In this embodiment, the pipe 14 is connected to the raw water supply pipe 3, but the pipe 14 may be connected to supply pressurized water directly to the concentrated water chamber 4 a of the membrane separation device 4. . The pressure in the pressurized water tank 11 is set higher than the discharge pressure of the raw water pump 2.
[0016]
In this embodiment, a pipe 20 for fractionation is connected to the permeate extraction pipe 6, and a part of the permeate is separated and led to the high sensitivity turbidimeter 21.
[0017]
In the membrane separation system configured as described above, as described above, the raw water is circulated to the raw water chamber 4a of the membrane separation device 4 via the pipes 3 and 5, and pressurized water is added to the raw water in the pipe 3. The
[0018]
Since the water pressure in the pipe 3 is lower than the pressure in the pressurized water tank 11, micro air is generated from the pressurized water added to the raw water in the pipe 3. The raw water containing the micro air is introduced into the concentrated water chamber 4a.
[0019]
When there is no breakage in the membrane 4b, the micro air does not flow out to the permeate water chamber 4c side but flows into the raw water tank 1 from the pipe 5 together with the concentrated water.
[0020]
If the membrane 4b is damaged, the microair-containing raw water leaks from the damaged portion to the permeate chamber 4c, and the turbidity measured by the high sensitivity turbidimeter 21 increases. Accordingly, the breakage of the membrane is detected by detecting that the turbidity of the high sensitivity turbidimeter 21 is not less than a predetermined value or that the turbidity increase rate is not less than the predetermined increase rate.
[0021]
The difference between the pressure in the pressurized water tank 11 and the water pressure at the inlet of the concentrated water chamber 4a of the membrane separation device 4 is preferably about 100 to 500 kPa. The amount of pressurized water added is preferably about 5 to 15% of the raw water flow rate. The high sensitivity turbidimeter 21 preferably has a sensitivity capable of sensing at least the number of fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an operation example of the apparatus of FIG. 1 will be described.
[0023]
Experimental example 1
In the apparatus of FIG. 1, an internal pressure hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane separator (rated treatment water amount 2.3 m 3 / Hr, number of hollow fiber membranes 4000) was used as the membrane separator 4.
[0024]
City water was passed through the membrane separator 4 as raw water at a rate of a water supply pressure of 40 kPa and a water supply amount of 1.2 m 3 / Hr. The pressurized water pressure was 370 kPa, and pressurized water in which 10% of the amount of raw water was dissolved was added to the raw water.
[0025]
The number of fine particles of 0.1 μm or more was measured with the high sensitivity turbidimeter 21. As a result, the average number of fine particles in the permeated water was 3 × 10 3 particles / cc.
[0026]
Experimental example 2
The membrane separator was operated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that pressurized water was not supplied, but the number of fine particles detected by the high sensitivity turbidimeter 21 was 3 × 10 3 / cc. There wasn't.
[0027]
Experimental example 3
In Experimental Example 1, one hollow fiber membrane was cut and operated, and the number of fine particles detected by the high sensitivity turbidimeter 21 was 2 × 10 5 particles / cc.
[0028]
Experimental Example 4
When the membrane separator was operated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 3 except that pressurized water was not supplied, the number of fine particles detected by the highly sensitive turbidimeter 21 was 5 × 10 3 particles / cc, It was significantly less than when pressurized water was added. For this reason, it has been found that unless pressurized water is added, the detection of the breakage of the membrane is remarkably delayed, or the breakage may not be detected when the degree of breakage is low.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect breakage of the membrane of the membrane separation apparatus without delay.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a membrane separation system according to an embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Raw Water Tank 2 Raw Water Pump 4 Membrane Separator 4a Concentrated Water Chamber 4b Membrane 4c Permeated Water Chamber 10 Pressurized Water Supply Device 11 Pressurized Water Tank 13 Compressor 21 High Sensitivity Turbidimeter

Claims (3)

原水を濃縮水と分離水とに分離する膜分離装置の膜破損を検知する方法において、
該膜分離装置の運転中に、空気を溶解させた加圧水を膜分離装置の原水に供給するとともに、該膜分離装置の透過水中の気泡を検出することにより、膜の破損を検知することを特徴とする膜分離装置の膜破損検知方法。
In a method for detecting membrane breakage of a membrane separation device that separates raw water into concentrated water and separated water,
During operation of the membrane separator, pressurized water in which air is dissolved is supplied to the raw water of the membrane separator, and the breakage of the membrane is detected by detecting bubbles in the permeated water of the membrane separator. A membrane breakage detection method for a membrane separator.
膜分離装置と、該膜分離装置に原水を供給する手段とを備えた膜分離システムにおいて、該原水に加圧水を供給する手段と、透過水中の気泡を検知する手段とを備えたことを特徴とする膜分離システム。A membrane separation system comprising a membrane separation device and means for supplying raw water to the membrane separation device, comprising means for supplying pressurized water to the raw water and means for detecting bubbles in the permeated water Membrane separation system. 請求項2において、前記透過水中の気泡を検知する手段は、透過水中の微粒子数を計測する手段を備えることを特徴とする膜分離システム。3. The membrane separation system according to claim 2, wherein the means for detecting bubbles in the permeated water includes means for measuring the number of fine particles in the permeated water.
JP2001305437A 2001-10-01 2001-10-01 Membrane breakage detection method and membrane separation system of membrane separation apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP3778042B2 (en)

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JP4591661B2 (en) * 2004-06-08 2010-12-01 栗田工業株式会社 Membrane treatment apparatus and membrane breakage detection method
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