JP2006218372A - Membrane separation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a membrane separation apparatus which is equipped with a means for confirming the damage of a membrane module by a simple system in a short time with high precision and in which the safety of membrane separation is improved drastically. <P>SOLUTION: The membrane separation apparatus for obtaining permeated water or concentrated water by using the membrane module divided by a separation membrane into an original liquid chamber and a permeated liquid chamber is equipped with: a means for discharging an original liquid in the original liquid chamber or a permeated liquid in the permeated liquid chamber; a means for sucking/decompressing the permeated liquid in the permeated liquid chamber or the original liquid in the original liquid chamber or a means for supplying a compressed gas to the original liquid chamber or the permeated liquid chamber; and a means for detecting a sound wave generated in the membrane module. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a membrane separation apparatus that uses a separation membrane such as a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a reverse osmosis membrane to obtain permeated water that has permeated through the separation membrane and concentrated water blocked by the separation membrane. The present invention relates to a membrane separation apparatus capable of accurately detecting an abnormality in the water.

  Membrane separation devices using membrane modules such as microfiltration membranes and ultrafiltration membranes are used in various industries such as seawater desalination, pure water production, wastewater treatment, and other water treatment fields, and wine, fruit juice concentration, and other food fields. Widely adopted.

  In these membrane separation devices, malfunctions such as leakage of the undiluted solution into the permeate may occur due to damage to the separation membrane or malfunction of the sealing performance of the membrane module, and damage to the separation membrane or membrane module is detected. Many membrane separation apparatuses equipped with means have been devised.

  For example, in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, a membrane separation apparatus provided with a means for detecting a malfunction of a membrane module by filling a raw gas chamber of the membrane module with a pressure gas and measuring a change in the pressure or flow rate of the gas. Has been proposed.

Patent Document 3 proposes a method in which pressurized air is filled in the stock solution chamber of the membrane module, and bubbles appearing when air leaks into the permeate chamber are detected by an optical sensor.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-94105 JP-A-8-10590 JP 2000-342937 A

  The devices as shown in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3 determine the communication from the stock solution chamber to the permeate chamber due to the malfunction of the membrane module based on the hermeticity of the stock solution chamber. The pressure gas is filled into the stock solution chamber, and the fluctuation of the filled gas is to be detected.

However, these devices have the following problems in practical use.
First, in the method of detecting the pressure fluctuation of the pressure gas filled in the stock solution chamber, if the gas leakage from the stock solution chamber to the permeate chamber of the membrane module is very small, the volume filled with the pressure gas must be reduced. The pressure drop in the stock solution chamber cannot be detected in a short time. That is, when the membrane separation apparatus is large-scale, the number of membrane modules used in the apparatus increases, so the total volume of the stock solution chamber filled with the pressure gas also increases, and the membrane that detects the pressure fluctuation of the pressure gas Damage techniques are not applicable. In addition, it is possible to divide the membrane module used in a large-scale membrane separation device into a small number and carry out the above-described membrane breakage detection method. It takes a long time and a lot of incidental facilities to confirm this, which is not realistic.

  Second, in the method of detecting the filling flow rate of the pressure gas filling the stock solution chamber and the leak gas flow rate to the permeate chamber, gas leakage from the stock solution chamber of the membrane module to the permeate chamber is very small, and the stock solution chamber When the volume of the gas is large, it is necessary to supply pressurized gas instantaneously at a high pressure in order to detect a minute flow rate of the gas, and further to provide a flow rate measuring means capable of measuring a minute flow rate gas with high accuracy. Furthermore, when it is desired to confirm the damage of each installed module in the membrane filtration device, it is considered necessary to provide a piping / valve structure capable of cutting off each module and to provide a pressurized gas supply means for each module. As a result, the number of incidental facilities is greatly increased with respect to the membrane filtration apparatus main body. In this method, the gas supply pressure must be below the bubble point of the separation membrane being used, the difference between the gas supply flow rate and the leakage gas flow rate becomes very large, etc. Considering this, it is determined that it cannot be realized in an actual apparatus.

  Third, the means for detecting gas leaking from the membrane module using an optical sensor may cause the sensor to malfunction if the fluid to be measured is not clear. Is not preferable.

  In view of such a situation, the problem of the present invention is that even in a large-scale membrane separation apparatus, it is provided with means for accurately confirming the damage of the membrane module in a short time with a simple system, and greatly improves the safety of membrane separation. It is to provide an apparatus that can be improved.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a membrane separation apparatus according to the present invention is a membrane separation apparatus that obtains permeated water or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a raw solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane. It comprises means for discharging the stock solution of the chamber, means for sucking and depressurizing the permeate in the permeate chamber, and means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module.

  In this membrane separation device, the sound wave detecting means detects the sound wave generated in the membrane module when the permeate chamber is sucked and decompressed after discharging the stock solution in the stock solution chamber, and detects the damage to the membrane module based on the value. It can comprise from the means to do.

  In addition, the stock solution in the stock solution chamber and the stock solution chamber collect tube is discharged from the stock solution chamber collecting tube that communicates the stock solution chamber of the membrane unit having a plurality of membrane modules, and the permeate collective that communicates the permeate chamber of each membrane module. It is also possible to detect the breakage of each membrane module by sucking and depressurizing the tube and using the measurement value of the sound wave detecting means installed for each membrane module.

  The membrane separation device according to the present invention is a membrane separation device that obtains permeate or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a stock solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane. It comprises means for discharging, means for sucking and decompressing the stock solution in the stock solution chamber, and means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module.

  In this membrane separation device, as the sound wave detection means, the sound wave generated in the membrane module is detected when the permeate chamber is discharged and the stock solution chamber is sucked and depressurized. It can comprise a means for detecting.

  Further, the permeate in the permeate chamber and the permeate chamber collective tube is discharged from the permeate chamber collecting tube that communicates with the permeate chamber of the membrane unit having a plurality of membrane modules, and the undiluted solution chamber of each membrane module communicates It is also possible to detect the breakage of each membrane module based on the measured value of the sound wave detecting means installed for each membrane module by sucking and decompressing the stock solution collecting tube.

  The membrane separation apparatus according to the present invention discharges the stock solution in the stock solution chamber in a membrane separation apparatus that obtains permeate or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a stock solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane. And a means for supplying a pressurized gas to the stock solution chamber and a means for detecting a sound wave generated in the membrane module.

  In this membrane separation device, as the sound wave detection means, when the pressurized gas is introduced into the stock solution chamber after discharging the stock solution in the stock solution chamber, the sound wave generated in the membrane module is detected, and the membrane module is damaged by the value. It can comprise from the means to detect.

  In addition, the stock solution in the stock solution chamber and the stock solution chamber collect tube are discharged from the stock solution chamber collecting tube that communicates the stock solution chamber of the membrane unit with multiple membrane modules, and pressurized gas is introduced into the stock solution chamber and the stock solution chamber collecting tube. Then, it is possible to detect the breakage of each membrane module based on the measurement value of the sound wave detecting means installed for each membrane module.

  The membrane separation device according to the present invention is a membrane separation device that obtains permeate or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a stock solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane. It comprises means for discharging, means for introducing pressurized gas into the permeate chamber, and means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module.

  In this membrane separation device, as the sound wave detection means, when the pressurized gas is introduced into the permeate chamber after the permeate in the permeate chamber is discharged, the sound wave generated in the membrane module is detected, and the value is used for the membrane. It can comprise a means for detecting module breakage.

  Further, the permeate chamber and the permeate chamber collective pipe are discharged from the permeate chamber collecting pipe communicating with the permeate chamber of the membrane unit having a plurality of membrane modules, and the permeate chamber and the permeate liquid chamber set are discharged. It is also possible to introduce a pressurized gas into the tube and detect the breakage of each membrane module based on the measurement value of the sound wave detecting means installed for each membrane module.

  In such a membrane separation apparatus according to the present invention, the sound wave detection range of the sound wave detection means is preferably in the range of 20 Hz to 22,000 Hz.

  In completing the present invention as described above, the inventor found that the most serious problem when the membrane module and other peripheral parts in the membrane separation apparatus are damaged is that the stock solution side and the permeate side are not separated, that is, It has been noted that the stock solution chamber and the permeate chamber communicate with each other, and the soundness of the membrane separation device can be determined by confirming the presence or absence of this communication. Furthermore, when there are multiple membrane modules used in the membrane separator, it is necessary to check the soundness of each membrane module being used, and it is simple and inexpensive that can be applied to large-scale devices. Various studies were attempted on the premise of the device configuration.

  As a result, either the stock solution in the stock solution chamber or the permeate in the permeate chamber is discharged from the membrane module, the other liquid chamber is sucked and decompressed, and the bubbles leaking into the decompressed liquid chamber are monitored by sound, It was discovered that breakage of membrane modules can be detected easily and accurately. Furthermore, either the undiluted liquid in the undiluted liquid chamber or the permeated liquid in the permeated liquid chamber is discharged from the membrane module, pressurized gas is introduced into the liquid chamber from which the liquid has been discharged, and bubbles leaking into the other liquid chamber are monitored by sound As a result, it was found that breakage of the membrane module can be detected easily and accurately. As a result of various experiments, it has been found that the present invention can be most effectively used when the sound wave detection value of the bubble sound to be monitored is in the range of 20 Hz to 22,000 Hz.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
First, the leakage gas generated when the membrane module is abnormal moves in a short time from opening to depressurization or from pressurization to opening, and generates a relatively large plosive sound. Even if the accuracy is low, it can be detected sufficiently. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to perform a detection operation in a short time with a simple monitoring system using an inexpensive sound wave detection means.

  Second, even in a membrane separation device that uses multiple membrane modules, the entire membrane separation device can be drained and depressurized or pressurized once by sonic monitoring the leaking gas for each module. This makes it possible to identify a membrane module that is damaged.

  Third, by monitoring the leaking gas for each module, the soundness of the membrane separation device can be confirmed with the same sensitivity regardless of the device scale.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the following embodiment demonstrates the case where the undiluted | stock solution which is a to-be-processed liquid, and the process liquid is water.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a membrane separation apparatus showing a first embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a raw water tank 2 in which raw water 1 is stored, a raw water supply pump 3, membrane modules 5 and 6, a permeated water tank 11, a water trap 16, and a vacuum pump 17. The inside of the membrane modules 5 and 6 is partitioned into a raw water chamber 8 and a permeated water chamber 9 by a separation membrane 7. In addition, sound wave detectors 19 and 20 as sound wave detecting means are attached to the side surfaces of the membrane modules 5 and 6 so that electric signals from the sound wave detectors 19 and 20 are sent to the recorder 21 so that sound waves can be monitored. It has become.

  During normal operation of the apparatus, the raw water 1 is introduced into the raw water tank 2 and supplied to the membrane modules 5 and 6 using the raw water supply pump 3. The permeated water that has permeated through the separation membrane 7 passes through the permeated water chamber 9 and is stored in the permeated water tank 11. The raw water that has not passed through the separation membrane 7 passes through the raw water chamber 8 and is returned to the water conduit before the raw water supply pump 3. During normal operation, the valve 4, the valve 10, and the valve 12 are open, and the valve 13, the valve 14, and the valve 15 are closed.

  When detecting the breakage of the membrane module, the raw water supply pump 3 is stopped and the valves 4, 10 and 12 are closed. Next, the valves 13 and 14 are opened, and the raw water in the raw water chamber 8 is discharged. Next, the valve 13 is closed, the valve 15 is opened, the valve 14 is kept open, the vacuum pump 17 is started, and the pressure from the permeate chamber 9 to the water trap 16 is reduced. The permeated water chamber 9 to the water trap 16 are depressurized in vacuum, the depressurized state is confirmed by the vacuum pressure gauge 18, and the leakage gas sound in the membrane modules 5 and 6 is monitored by the sound wave detectors 19 and 20 and the recorder 21. . At this time, if there is no communication between the raw water chamber 8 and the permeated water chamber 9, only the baseline signal is transmitted from the sound wave detectors 19 and 20, and only the base data is recorded in the recorder 21. If the membrane module has a defect such as breakage of the separation membrane and the raw water chamber 7 and the permeated water chamber 8 communicate with each other, gas leaks into the permeated water chamber 9 in the membrane module, and the sound wave detector 19 or 20 Leakage sound is detected, and the recorder 21 can detect an abnormality.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a membrane separation apparatus showing a third embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus in FIG. 2 includes a raw water tank 2, a raw water supply pump 3, membrane modules 5 and 6, a permeated water tank 11, and a compressor 22. The inside of the membrane modules 5 and 6 is partitioned into a raw water chamber 8 and a permeated water chamber 9 by a separation membrane 7. In addition, sound wave detectors 19 and 20 are attached to the side surfaces of the membrane modules 5 and 6, and electrical signals from the sound wave detectors 19 and 20 are sent to a recorder 21 so that sound waves can be monitored.

  During normal operation of the apparatus, the raw water 1 is introduced into the raw water tank 2 and supplied to the membrane modules 5 and 6 using the raw water supply pump 3. The permeated water that has permeated through the separation membrane 7 passes through the permeated water chamber 9 and is stored in the permeated water tank 11. The raw water that has not permeated the separation membrane is returned to the water conduit before the raw water supply pump 3 through the raw water chamber 8. During normal operation, the valve 4, the valve 10, and the valve 12 are open, and the valve 13, the valve 14, the valve 15, and the valve 23 are closed.

  When detecting the breakage of the membrane module, the raw water supply pump 3 is stopped and the valves 4, 10 and 12 are closed. Next, the valves 13 and 14 are opened, and the raw water in the raw water chamber 8 is discharged. Next, the valve 13 and the valve 14 are closed, the valve 15 and the valve 23 are opened, the compressor 22 is started, and the raw water chamber 8 is pressurized with air. The pressure state is confirmed by the pressure gauge 18, and the leakage gas sound in the membrane modules 5 and 6 is monitored by the sound wave detectors 19 and 20 and the recorder 21. At this time, if there is no communication between the raw water chamber 8 and the permeated water chamber 9, only the baseline signal is transmitted from the sound wave detectors 19 and 20, and only the base data is recorded in the recorder 21. If the membrane module has a defect such as breakage of the separation membrane and the raw water chamber 7 and the permeated water chamber 8 communicate with each other, gas leaks into the permeated water chamber 9 in the membrane module, and the sound wave detector 19 or 20 Leakage sound is detected, and the recorder 21 can detect an abnormality.

  The second embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by changing the configuration shown in FIG. 1 to a configuration in which the permeate water chamber side is drained and the stock solution chamber side is sucked and depressurized. The configuration can be implemented by changing the configuration shown in FIG. 2 to a configuration in which the permeated water chamber is drained and the permeated water chamber is pressurized with air.

  1 and 2 show examples of embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the illustrated ones as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded.

  Although not shown in the above embodiment, the present invention can also be applied to an apparatus provided with a backwash pump in the membrane separation apparatus so that the membrane module can be backwashed.

  In the apparatus of the above embodiment, the vacuum pump is shown as the pressure reducing means of the permeated water chamber. However, the pressure reducing means can generate any vacuum as long as it does not exceed the gist of the present invention, such as a water pump or aspirator other than the vacuum pump. Means and suction means are applicable.

  In the above embodiment, the compressed air by the compressor is shown as the gas pressurizing means. However, any pressurized gas introducing means such as a pure air cylinder and a nitrogen cylinder can be applied as long as the gist of the present invention is not exceeded. It is.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the apparatus of two membrane modules was illustrated, this invention is applicable also to the apparatus which uses multiple numbers and multiple units more than illustration.

  The shape of the membrane module or element includes a hollow fiber membrane, a tubular membrane, a flat membrane, a spiral, etc., and the present invention can be applied to any shape, but in particular, a hollow fiber type, a tubular type, and a monolith type. It is preferably applied to a module.

  Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the installation position of the sound wave detector is the side of the membrane module, but it can be installed at any location as long as it can detect bubble noise leaking in the membrane module. For example, the membrane module It can also be installed in permeate water outlet pipes and circulating water outlet pipes that communicate more closely.

  The sound wave detector used in the present invention is not limited as long as it can pick up sound, such as a general-purpose microphone or a sound collector, and any device that can cover a part or all of a sound wave length of 20 to 22,000 Hz. Is applicable.

  Separation membrane materials include polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, ceramics, various metals, and other materials used for separation membranes. Applicable to modules.

  The type of separation membrane can be applied to various membrane types used for liquid processing such as microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis membranes. It is suitably applied to a separation membrane.

  The liquid to be treated in the present invention, in particular, the water to be treated is not particularly limited, and the present invention includes river water, lake water, ground water, industrial water, tap water, various wastewater treatments, fruit juice concentration and other valuable materials recovery, etc. It is applicable to.

  The operation of the membrane separation apparatus includes constant flow filtration and constant pressure filtration, and any of these operations can be adopted, but a constant flow filtration operation is common.

  The greater the number of abnormality detection operations of the membrane separation device, the higher the safety of the device. However, the frequency range from about one day to one month is reasonable, and preferably from one day to one. It may be applied at a frequency of once a week.

  In the membrane separation apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to use a flocculant. As the flocculant, in addition to inorganic flocculants such as polyaluminum chloride, sulfate, iron chloride and iron sulfate, organic substances such as acrylamide are used. Polymer flocculants can also be used, and various flocculating aids and pH adjusting chemicals such as acids and alkalis can be used as additive chemicals.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Using the same apparatus as that of FIG. 1 described in the embodiment of the present invention, the operation was performed for the purpose of confirming the sensitivity when the membrane module was broken. As the membrane module, an FE-10 module (manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems) was used. As the sound wave detector, a sound collector that obtains a 12V power source and transmits a detection sound as an electric signal of 0 to 2V was used. A vacuum pump was used as the pressure reducing means of the permeated water chamber.

  A membrane module breakage detection test was conducted using a module in which one hollow fiber of an FE-10 module was intentionally cut in the membrane module 5 of FIG. 1 and a new module of FE-10 in the membrane module 6.

  In the case of detecting film breakage, the following steps were performed. The raw water supply pump 3 is stopped and normal operation is stopped. Next, the valves 13 and 14 are opened, the valves 4, 10, and 15 are closed, and the raw water in the raw water chamber 8 is discharged. Next, the valve 15 is opened, the valves 4, 10, 12, and 13 are closed, the vacuum pump 17 is started, and the pressure from the permeate chamber 9 to the water trap 16 is reduced by suction. Simultaneously with the start of suction depressurization, the sound wave detectors 19 and 20 and the recorder 21 monitor the leakage sound of gas generated in the module. The ultimate vacuum at the time of depressurization was −40 to −80 kPa. FIG. 3 shows the results of Example 1.

  No sound is detected from the new membrane module 6, and gas leakage sound indicating abnormality of the membrane module is detected from the membrane module 5 in which one hollow fiber in the membrane module is cut. It was confirmed that there was a sufficient difference in values, and it was confirmed that the apparatus of the present invention can detect abnormality of the membrane module with high sensitivity.

  Using the same apparatus as that of FIG. 2 described in the embodiment of the present invention, the operation was performed for the purpose of confirming the sensitivity when the membrane module was broken. As the membrane module, an FE-10 module (manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems) was used. As the sound wave detector, a sound collector that obtains a 12V power source and transmits a detection sound as an electric signal of 0 to 2V was used. A compressor was used as a pressurizing means for the raw water chamber.

  A membrane module breakage detection test was conducted using a module in which one hollow fiber of an FE-10 module was intentionally cut in the membrane module 5 in FIG. 2 and a new FE-10 module in the membrane module 6.

  In the case of detecting film breakage, the following steps were performed. The raw water supply pump 3 is stopped and normal operation is stopped. Next, the valves 13 and 14 are opened, the valves 4, 10, 12, 15, and 23 are closed, and the raw water in the raw water chamber 8 is discharged. Next, the valves 23 and 15 are opened, the valves 4, 10, 12, 13, and 14 are closed, the compressor 17 is started, and pressurized air is introduced into the raw water chamber 8. Simultaneously with the start of pressurization, the sound leaking sound generated in the module is monitored by the sound wave detectors 19 and 20 and the recorder 21. The pressurized air pressure was 200 kPa. FIG. 4 shows the results of Example 2.

  No sound is detected from the new membrane module 6, and a gas leakage sound indicating abnormality of the membrane module is detected from the membrane module 5 in which one hollow fiber in the membrane module is cut. It was confirmed that there was a sufficient difference in values, and it was confirmed that the apparatus of the present invention can detect abnormality of the membrane module with high sensitivity.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect breakage of a membrane module or a membrane element with high sensitivity in a short time with an inexpensive device and simple operation, and even in a large-scale membrane filtration apparatus using a plurality of membrane modules. Without increasing the number of incidental facilities, it is possible to detect breakage of the membrane module and provide a highly safe membrane separation apparatus.

It is a schematic block diagram of the membrane separator which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the membrane separator which shows the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a related figure of the elapsed time which shows the result of Example 1 using the apparatus of FIG. 1, and a sound wave signal. It is a related figure of the elapsed time and the sound wave signal which show the result of Example 2 using the apparatus of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Raw water 2 Raw water tank 3 Raw water supply pump 4, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23 Valve 5, 6 Membrane module 7 Separation membrane 8 Raw water chamber 9 Permeate water chamber 11 Permeate water tank 16 Water trap 17 Vacuum pump 18 Pressure gauge 19, 20 Sound wave detector 21 as sound wave detecting means 21 Recorder 22 Compressor

Claims (13)

  In a membrane separation device that obtains permeated water or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a stock solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane, means for discharging the stock solution in the stock solution chamber, and suctioning the permeate in the permeate chamber And a means for detecting pressure and a means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module.   The sound wave detecting means comprises means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module when the permeate chamber is sucked and decompressed after discharging the stock solution in the stock solution chamber, and detecting breakage of the membrane module based on the value. 2. The membrane separation apparatus according to 1.   The stock solution in the stock solution chamber and the stock solution chamber collect tube are discharged from the stock solution chamber collective tube that communicates the stock solution chamber of the membrane unit with a plurality of membrane modules, and the permeate collective tube that communicates the permeate chamber of each membrane module. The membrane separation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane module is detected to be damaged by a measurement value of a sound wave detection means installed for each membrane module by suction and pressure reduction.   In a membrane separation device that obtains permeated water or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a stock solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane, means for discharging the permeate in the permeate chamber, and aspirating the stock solution in the stock solution chamber And a means for detecting pressure and a means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module.   The sound wave detection means comprises means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module when the stock solution chamber is sucked and decompressed after discharging the permeate from the permeate chamber and detecting breakage of the membrane module based on the value. Item 5. The membrane separator according to Item 4.   The permeated liquid in the permeated liquid chamber and the permeated liquid chamber collecting pipe is discharged from the permeated liquid chamber collecting pipe communicating with the permeated liquid chamber of the membrane unit in which a plurality of membrane modules are arranged, and the stock solution is connected to the raw liquid chamber of each membrane module. 6. The membrane separation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein breakage of each membrane module is detected based on a measurement value of a sound wave detecting means installed for each membrane module by sucking and decompressing the collecting tube.   In a membrane separator that obtains permeated water or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a stock solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane, means for discharging the stock solution in the stock solution chamber, and supplying pressurized gas to the stock solution chamber And a means for detecting sound waves generated in the membrane module.   The sound wave detecting means comprises a means for detecting a sound wave generated in the membrane module when the pressurized gas is introduced into the stock solution chamber after discharging the stock solution in the stock solution chamber, and detecting a breakage of the membrane module based on the value. The membrane separator according to claim 7.   The stock solution in the stock solution chamber and the stock solution chamber collect tube are discharged from the stock solution chamber collecting tube communicating with the stock solution chamber of the membrane unit in which a plurality of membrane modules are arranged, and pressurized gas is introduced into the stock solution chamber and the stock solution chamber collecting tube. The membrane separation device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein breakage of each membrane module is detected based on a measurement value of a sound wave detecting means installed for each membrane module.   In a membrane separation apparatus that obtains permeate or concentrated water using a membrane module partitioned into a stock solution chamber and a permeate chamber by a separation membrane, means for discharging the permeate in the permeate chamber, and pressurizing the permeate chamber A membrane separation apparatus comprising means for introducing a gas and means for detecting a sound wave generated in the membrane module.   When the sound wave detecting means discharges the permeate from the permeate chamber and then introduces a pressurized gas into the permeate chamber, the sound wave detecting means detects a sound wave generated in the membrane module and detects a breakage of the membrane module based on the value. The membrane separator according to claim 10, comprising:   The permeated liquid in the permeated liquid chamber and the permeated liquid chamber collected pipe is discharged from the permeated liquid chamber collecting pipe communicating with the permeated liquid chamber of the membrane unit having a plurality of membrane modules, and the permeated liquid chamber and the permeated liquid chamber collecting pipe 12. The membrane separation device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein a pressurized gas is introduced and breakage of each membrane module is detected based on a measurement value of a sound wave detecting means installed for each membrane module.   The membrane separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a sound wave detection range of the sound wave detection means is in a range of 20 Hz to 22,000 Hz.

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