JP3765483B2 - Meat color improving agent for livestock meat food and livestock meat food - Google Patents
Meat color improving agent for livestock meat food and livestock meat food Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、畜肉食品の肉色改善剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ハム・ソーセージをはじめとした畜肉製品においては、一般消費者,流通業者の購買意欲を高めるために、肉色が極めて重要な因子となっている。しかし、生産者レベルでの肉色コントロール技術は十分確立されていないため、肉に含まれる色素の化学変化に基づくものが主である。そこで従来から、亜硝酸ナトリウム等の亜硝酸塩が添加物として認可され、発色助剤としてアスコルビン酸が使用されている。
【0003】
しかし、この亜硝酸塩は、食品に含まれる第二級アミンと反応してニトロソアミンという発ガン性物質を生成する可能性があることが判明し、健康志向の高まりから亜硝酸塩に代わり得る安全な発色剤が求められている。
【0004】
これに対して、乳蛋白質から得られるペプチドを使用した発色助剤(特開平10−215818号)や、酵母エキスを限外濾過し濃縮した物を用いる発色剤(特開平11−123065号)が提案されている。
【0005】
一方、畜肉製品には特有の獣臭なるものが存在し、臭いに敏感な日本人の味覚にはそぐわないという問題があり、改善が求められている。しかし、上記の従来の発色剤やサイクロデキストリンを使用しても、獣臭を抑制(マスキング)する効果は得られない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように、安全性が高く、発色改善効果を有しなお且つ獣臭抑制効果を有する新しい素材の開発が熱望されていた。本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究した結果、特定の酵母エキスが発色改善効果並びに獣臭抑制効果が共に優れている事を見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち本発明は、5’−ヌクレオチド類として、5’−イノシン酸、5’−グアニル酸を対固形分当り各々1〜5%、β−グルカン及びマンナンを対固形分当たり5%以上含有し、かつペプチド含量が対固形分当たり20%以上である酵母エキスを有効成分とする畜肉食品の発色改善剤及びそれを含有する畜肉食品に関するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で使用する酵母は、可食性のものであれば特に制限はなく、ビール酵母,パン酵母,アルコール酵母,清酒用酵母など一般に食品工業で用いられているものを使用することが出来る。このような酵母としては、例えばサッカロマイセス(Saccharomyces)属、ピキア(Picia)属、ハンゼヌラ(Hansenula)属、デバリオマイセス(Debariomyces)属、キャンディダ(Candida)属、クリベロマイセス(Kluyveromyces)属、チゴサッカロマイセス(Zygosaccharomyces)属等に属する酵母が挙げられる。このような酵母の例としては、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 1954,IFO0309,IAM 4274)、ピキア・ステイピティス(Picia stipitis IFO 1720)、ハンゼヌラ・アノマラ(Hansenula anomala IFO 1150)、デバリオマイセス・ハンセニイ(Debariomyces hansenii IFO 0855、IFO 1752)、キャンディダ・ユーティリス(Candida utilis IFO 0619,ATCC 15239)、クリベロマイセス・ラクチス(Kluyveromyces ATCC 56498)、クリベロマイセス・マルキシアヌス(Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36534)、チゴサッカロマイセス・ルーキシー(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ATCC 28253、ATCC 13356)等に属する酵母が挙げられる。これらの酵母の中から1種若しくは2種以上の酵母を用いることができる。中でも、キャンディダ属酵母は菌体収率が高く、培養もしやすいので好ましい。
【0009】
本発明で使用する細胞壁溶解酵素としては、グルカナーゼ,マンナナーゼを含有し、酵母細胞壁を溶解するに十分な活性を有するものであればかまわない。市販の細胞壁溶解酵素としては、例えば、YL−15(天野製薬(株)製),ツニカーゼ(大和化成(株)製),キタラーゼ(クミアイ化学(株)製)などがあげられる。又、この際プロテアーゼを作用させ細胞壁中のタンパク質を分解し溶菌を容易にさすことはさしつかえない。
【0010】
本発明で使用するリボヌクレアーゼとしては、通常用いられるもので差し支えない。例えば、ヌクレアーゼ「アマノ」(天野製薬(株)製)などがあげられる。
【0011】
本発明で使用するデアミナーゼとしては、通常用いられるもので差し支えない。例えば、デアミザイム(天野製薬(株)製)などがあげられる。
【0012】
本発明の酵母エキスは、以下の製法で得られる。酵母を10〜15%程度の適当な濃度に懸濁させたのち、80〜120℃好ましくは90〜100℃で加熱し、菌体内酵素の失活を行う。加熱時間は10分程度で十分である。次に、細胞壁溶解酵素、リボヌクレアーゼ(例えば、5’−ホスホジエステラーゼ)、デアミナーゼ(例えば、5’−アデニル酸デアミナーゼ)を順次添加し、5’−ヌクレオチド類を生成さす。酵素添加量、酵素反応温度、pHは特に限定するものではなく、各々の酵素の最適条件下で行えばよい。反応液は、90℃に加熱し、酵素を失活させた後、遠心分離して上澄液を濃縮しエキス分として回収し、スプレードライ等の方法により乾燥させる。
【0013】
本発明における酵母エキスは、5’−ヌクレオチド類として、5’−イノシン酸、5’−グアニル酸を対固形分当り各々1〜5%、β−グルカン及びマンナンを対固形分当たり5%以上含有し、かつペプチド含量(全アミノ酸含量から遊離アミノ酸含量を差し引いたもの)が対固形分当たり20%以上であるため、畜肉食品における優れた発色改善並びに獣臭改善効果を有している。5’−イノシン酸、5’−グアニル酸含量が、対固形分1%を下回る場合は、発色効果が十分ではない。また、β−グルカン及びマンナン含量が対固形分当たり5%を下回る場合や、ペプチド含量が対固形分当たり20%を下回る場合は、獣臭改善効果が十分ではない。
【0014】
本発明の肉色改善剤は、公知の方法に従って畜肉食品に添加すればよい。本発明の畜肉食品は、本発明の肉色改善剤0.1〜10重量%含有することで、優れた発色を有し、並びに獣臭が抑制されたものである。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下に具体的な実施例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0016】
[実施例1]
キャンディダ・ユーティリス(IFO 0619)を5%糖密培地を用いて培養し、集菌洗浄後酵母スラリー(菌体濃度15%)1000mlを調製した。90℃、10分加熱し菌体内酵素を失活させた後、55℃に冷却し、pHを6に調製した後、細胞壁溶解酵素(商品名:YL−5(天野製薬(株)製)を1.5g添加し5時間反応させた。その後、70℃まで冷却し、5’−ホスホジエステラーゼ(商品名:ヌクレアーゼ「アマノ」(天野製薬(株)製)を0.3g添加し、pH5に調製後10時間反応させた。続いて5’−アデニル酸デアミナーゼ(商品名:デアミザイム(天野製薬(株)製)を0.2g添加し、pH5に調製後45℃で10時間反応させた。反応後常法により処理し、113gの酵母エキスを得た。
この酵母エキス中の5’−イノシン酸、5’−グアニル酸、ペプチド含量を高速液体クロマトグラフを用いて定量したところ、含量は各々3.3%、3.5%、40%であり、固形分収率は75.3%であった。又、β−グルカンとマンナンの含量は、試料を高速液体クロマトグラフを用いて加水分解前後の差から定量したところ、30%であった。
【0017】
[実施例2]
サッカロマイセス・セレビシェ(IFO 1954)を5%糖蜜培地を用いて培養し、集菌洗浄後酵母スラリー(菌体濃度15%)1000mlを調製した。90℃、10分加熱し、菌体内酵素を失活させた後、40℃に冷却し、pHを6に調製した後、細胞壁溶解酵素(商品名:ツニカーゼ(大和化成(株)製)を1.0g添加し5時間反応させた。その後70℃まで昇温し、5’−ホスホジエステラーゼ(商品名:ヌクレアーゼ「アマノ」(天野製薬(株)製)を0.3g添加し、pH5に調製後10時間反応させた。続いて5’−アデニル酸デアミナーゼ(商品名:デアミザイム(天野製薬(株)製)を0.2g添加し、pH5に調製後45℃で10時間反応させた。反応後常法により処理し、108gの酵母エキスを得た。
この酵母エキス中の5’−イノシン酸、5’−グアニル酸、ペプチド含量は各々2.1%、2.2%、45%であり、固形分収率は72.0%であった。又、β−グルカンとマンナンの含量は、20%であった。
【0018】
[比較例1]
ビール酵母を用い酵母スラリー(菌体濃度15%)1000mlを調製した。40℃に温調し、pHを6に調製した後に20時間自己消化を行わせた。反応後、常法により処理し、75gの酵母エキスを得た。この酵母エキス中の5’−イノシン酸、5’−グアニル酸、ペプチド含量は各々0.1%、0.1%、30%であった。又、β−グルカンとマンナンの含量は4%であった。
【0019】
[比較例2]
サッカロマイセス・セレビシェ(IFO 1954)を5%糖密培地を用いて培養し、集菌洗浄後酵母スラリー(菌体濃度15%)1000mlを調製した。55℃に温調し、pHを6に調製した後、細胞壁溶解酵素(商品名:YL−5(天野製薬(株)製)を1.5g、蛋白分解酵素(商品名:フレーバーザイム(ノボザイムズ・ジャパン(株)製)を0.8g添加し、12時間反応させた。その後、70℃まで昇温し、5’−ホスホジエステラーゼ(商品名:ヌクレアーゼ「アマノ」(天野製薬(株)製)を0.3g添加し、pH5に調製後10時間反応させた。続いて5’−アデニル酸デアミナーゼ(商品名:デアミザイム(天野製薬(株)製)を0.2g添加し、pH5に調製後45℃で10時間反応させた。反応後、常法により処理し、115gの酵母エキスを得た。
この酵母エキスを蒸留水に溶解し、分画分子量10000の限外濾過膜(アドバンテック製「ウルトラフィルター Q0100」)を用いた装置(ウルトラホルダー UHP−43K)で濾過を行い、その透過液を乾燥して再度酵母エキスを得た。
この酵母エキス中の5’−イノシン酸、5’−グアニル酸、ペプチド含量は各々0.8%、0.9%、20%であった。又、β−グルカンとマンナンの含量は1%であった。
【0020】
<発色、獣臭マスキングの官能試験>
豚挽肉100gに対し、アスコルビン酸0.02%、食塩2%、酵母エキス(比較例3として、亜硝酸ナトリウム)を添加して混合して袋詰した。7日間4℃にて保管後、80℃で20分加熱後に発色の度合いと、獣臭マスキング度合いを調べた。結果を表1に示す。
【0021】
【表1】
表1
表中の度合
− :無
+ :弱
++ :中
+++:強
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来にはない畜肉発色効果が強く獣臭マスキング効果も強い肉色改善剤を得ることができる。従来のタイプでは機能上利用に制限があったが、畜肉製品に広く安全に使用でき、肉色及び獣臭改善が可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a meat color improving agent for livestock meat foods.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In meat products such as hams and sausages, meat color is an extremely important factor in order to increase the purchasing motivation of general consumers and distributors. However, since the meat color control technology at the producer level has not been well established, it is mainly based on chemical changes in pigments contained in meat. Therefore, conventionally, nitrite such as sodium nitrite has been approved as an additive, and ascorbic acid has been used as a coloring aid.
[0003]
However, this nitrite has been found to react with secondary amines in foods to produce a carcinogenic substance called nitrosamine, which is a safe color that can replace nitrite due to increased health consciousness. There is a need for agents.
[0004]
On the other hand, there are coloring agents using peptides obtained from milk proteins (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-215818), and coloring agents using a product obtained by ultrafiltration and concentration of yeast extract (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-123065). Proposed.
[0005]
On the other hand, livestock meat products have a peculiar animal odor, and there is a problem that they do not match the taste of Japanese who are sensitive to odors, and improvements are required. However, even if the above conventional color former or cyclodextrin is used, an effect of suppressing (masking) animal odor cannot be obtained.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, development of a new material having high safety, color development improving effect, and animal odor control effect has been eagerly desired. As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that a specific yeast extract is excellent in both the coloring improvement effect and the animal odor suppression effect, and the present invention has been completed.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention contains, as 5′-nucleotides, 5′-inosinic acid, 5′-guanylic acid 1 to 5% per solid, and β-glucan and mannan 5% or more per solid, In addition, the present invention relates to a coloring improving agent for livestock meat foods comprising a yeast extract having a peptide content of 20% or more per solid as an active ingredient, and a livestock meat food containing the same.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The yeast used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is edible, and those generally used in the food industry such as beer yeast, baker's yeast, alcohol yeast, and sake yeast can be used. Examples of such yeast include genus Saccharomyces, Picia, Hansenula, Debariomyces, Candida, Kluyveromyces, and Zygosaccharomyces. Examples include yeast belonging to the genus and the like. Examples of such yeasts include Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 1954, IFO 0309, IAM 4274, Pichia stipitis IFO 1720, Hansenula anomala Iio 1 IFO 0855, IFO 1752), Candida utilis IFO 0619, ATCC 15239, Kluyveromyces ATCC 56498, Kluyveromyces marxianus AT CC 3628 , ATCC 13356) and the like. Among these yeasts, one or more yeasts can be used. Among these, Candida yeast is preferable because it has a high cell yield and is easy to culture.
[0009]
The cell wall lytic enzyme used in the present invention may be any as long as it contains glucanase and mannanase and has sufficient activity to lyse the yeast cell wall. Examples of commercially available cell wall lytic enzymes include YL-15 (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), tunicase (manufactured by Yamato Kasei Co., Ltd.), and kitalase (manufactured by Kumiai Chemical Co., Ltd.). At this time, proteases are allowed to act to decompose proteins in the cell wall to facilitate lysis.
[0010]
The ribonuclease used in the present invention may be any commonly used ribonuclease. For example, nuclease “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
[0011]
The deaminase used in the present invention may be a commonly used one. For example, deamizyme (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
[0012]
The yeast extract of this invention is obtained with the following manufacturing methods. After suspending yeast at an appropriate concentration of about 10 to 15%, heating at 80 to 120 ° C., preferably 90 to 100 ° C., inactivates the intracellular enzymes. A heating time of about 10 minutes is sufficient. Next, cell wall lytic enzyme, ribonuclease (for example, 5′-phosphodiesterase), and deaminase (for example, 5′-adenylate deaminase) are sequentially added to generate 5′-nucleotides. The amount of enzyme added, enzyme reaction temperature, and pH are not particularly limited, and may be performed under the optimum conditions for each enzyme. The reaction solution is heated to 90 ° C. to inactivate the enzyme, and then centrifuged to concentrate the supernatant, collect it as an extract, and dry it by a method such as spray drying.
[0013]
The yeast extract according to the present invention contains 5′-nucleotides such as 5′-inosinic acid and 5′-guanylic acid in an amount of 1 to 5% per solid, and β-glucan and mannan in an amount of 5% or more per solid. In addition, since the peptide content (subtracting the free amino acid content from the total amino acid content) is 20% or more per solid, it has excellent color development and animal odor improvement effects in livestock meat foods. When the content of 5′-inosinic acid and 5′-guanylic acid is less than 1% of the solid content, the coloring effect is not sufficient. Further, when the β-glucan and mannan content is less than 5% per solid content, or when the peptide content is less than 20% per solid content, the effect of improving animal odor is not sufficient.
[0014]
What is necessary is just to add the meat color improving agent of this invention to livestock meat food according to a well-known method. By containing 0.1 to 10% by weight of the meat color improving agent of the present invention, the livestock meat food of the present invention has excellent color development, and animal odor is suppressed.
[0015]
【Example】
Specific examples are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0016]
[Example 1]
Candida utilis (IFO 0619) was cultured using a 5% sugar-tight medium, and after washing and collecting, 1000 ml of yeast slurry (cell concentration 15%) was prepared. After inactivating the intracellular enzyme by heating at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, cooling to 55 ° C. and adjusting the pH to 6, cell wall lytic enzyme (trade name: YL-5 (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)) 1.5 g was added and allowed to react for 5 hours, then cooled to 70 ° C., and 0.3 g of 5′-phosphodiesterase (trade name: Nuclease “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added to adjust the pH to 5. Subsequently, 0.2 g of 5′-adenylate deaminase (trade name: Deamizyme (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)) was added, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 5 and reacted at 45 ° C. for 10 hours. Processed by the method, 113 g yeast extract was obtained.
When 5'-inosinic acid, 5'-guanylic acid and peptide content in this yeast extract were quantified using a high performance liquid chromatograph, the content was 3.3%, 3.5% and 40%, respectively. The fractional yield was 75.3%. The content of β-glucan and mannan was 30% when the sample was quantified from the difference before and after hydrolysis using a high performance liquid chromatograph.
[0017]
[Example 2]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (IFO 1954) was cultured using a 5% molasses medium, and 1000 ml of yeast slurry (bacterial cell concentration 15%) was prepared after washing the cells. After heating at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to inactivate intracellular enzymes, cooling to 40 ° C. and adjusting the pH to 6, then cell wall lytic enzyme (trade name: Tunicase (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.) 1 0.0 g was added and allowed to react for 5 hours, after which the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. and 0.3 g of 5′-phosphodiesterase (trade name: Nuclease “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added. Subsequently, 0.2 g of 5′-adenylate deaminase (trade name: Deamizyme (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)) was added, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 5 and reacted at 45 ° C. for 10 hours. To obtain 108 g of yeast extract.
The 5'-inosinic acid, 5'-guanylic acid, and peptide content in this yeast extract were 2.1%, 2.2%, and 45%, respectively, and the solid content yield was 72.0%. The content of β-glucan and mannan was 20%.
[0018]
[Comparative Example 1]
1000 ml of yeast slurry (bacterial cell concentration 15%) was prepared using beer yeast. After adjusting the temperature to 40 ° C. and adjusting the pH to 6, autolysis was performed for 20 hours. After the reaction, it was treated by a conventional method to obtain 75 g of yeast extract. The 5'-inosinic acid, 5'-guanylic acid and peptide contents in this yeast extract were 0.1%, 0.1% and 30%, respectively. The content of β-glucan and mannan was 4%.
[0019]
[Comparative Example 2]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (IFO 1954) was cultured using a 5% sugar-tight medium, and 1000 ml of yeast slurry (bacterial cell concentration 15%) was prepared after the collection and washing. After adjusting the temperature to 55 ° C. and adjusting the pH to 6, 1.5 g of cell wall lytic enzyme (trade name: YL-5 (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)) and proteolytic enzyme (trade name: Flavorzyme (Novozymes 0.8 g of Japan Co., Ltd. was added and allowed to react for 12 hours, after which the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. and 5′-phosphodiesterase (trade name: Nuclease “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was reduced to 0. 3 g was added and reacted for 10 hours after adjusting to pH 5. Subsequently, 0.2 g of 5′-adenylate deaminase (trade name: Deamizyme (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added and adjusted to pH 5 at 45 ° C. The reaction was carried out for 10 hours, and the mixture was treated by a conventional method to obtain 115 g of yeast extract.
This yeast extract is dissolved in distilled water, filtered with a device (ultra holder UHP-43K) using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 10,000 (“Ultrafilter Q0100” manufactured by Advantech), and the permeate is dried. The yeast extract was obtained again.
The 5'-inosinic acid, 5'-guanylic acid and peptide contents in this yeast extract were 0.8%, 0.9% and 20%, respectively. Further, the content of β-glucan and mannan was 1%.
[0020]
<Sensory test for coloring and animal odor masking>
To 100 g of minced pork, 0.02% ascorbic acid, 2% sodium chloride, and yeast extract (comparative example 3, sodium nitrite) were added, mixed and packaged. After storing at 4 ° C. for 7 days and heating at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, the degree of color development and the degree of animal odor masking were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Table 1
Degree in table-: None +: Weak ++: Medium ++: Strong
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a meat color improving agent that has an unprecedented livestock coloring effect and a strong animal odor masking effect. In the conventional type, there was a limitation in use in terms of function, but it can be widely used safely for livestock meat products, and the meat color and animal odor can be improved.
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WO2006062174A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-15 | San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc. | Masking agent for livestock meat odor |
JPWO2006085523A1 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2008-08-07 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | Composition for inhibiting increase in blood glucose level |
JP4543010B2 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2010-09-15 | 日本製紙ケミカル株式会社 | Method for producing yeast extract |
JP4543018B2 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2010-09-15 | 日本製紙ケミカル株式会社 | Method for producing yeast extract |
JP4579848B2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2010-11-10 | キリンフードテック株式会社 | Composition for improving food quality, production method and use thereof |
JP4295341B1 (en) * | 2008-01-21 | 2009-07-15 | 貴博 保立 | Process for producing processed meat products that do not use food additives |
JP2009171862A (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-08-06 | Uha Mikakuto Co Ltd | Collagen peptide-containing gumi candy, and method for producing the same |
US10285421B2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2019-05-14 | KOHJIN Life Sciences Co., Ltd. | Anthocyanin-pigment color developer |
WO2021066130A1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-08 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | Method for producing yeast extract |
JPWO2023281779A1 (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-01-12 | ||
CN114657077A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-06-24 | 河南农业大学 | Yeast for degrading N-nitrosamine precursor and application thereof |
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