JP3743337B2 - Battery deterioration determination device and deterioration determination method - Google Patents

Battery deterioration determination device and deterioration determination method Download PDF

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JP3743337B2
JP3743337B2 JP2001293637A JP2001293637A JP3743337B2 JP 3743337 B2 JP3743337 B2 JP 3743337B2 JP 2001293637 A JP2001293637 A JP 2001293637A JP 2001293637 A JP2001293637 A JP 2001293637A JP 3743337 B2 JP3743337 B2 JP 3743337B2
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battery
voltage
detected
deterioration determination
temperature
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JP2003100356A (en
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智永 杉本
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電気自動車やハイブリッド車のバッテリの劣化を判定する装置および方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
電気自動車やハイブリッド車で用いられるバッテリは、充電・放電が繰り返し行われることにより劣化していく。このバッテリの劣化を判定する装置として、特開平１１−５２０３３号公報に記載されているバッテリの劣化判定装置がある。このバッテリの劣化判定装置では、一定電流にてバッテリの充電を行う際に、バッテリの端子電圧が第１の電圧から第２の電圧に達するまでの時間を検出し、検出した時間に基づいてバッテリの劣化度合いを判定している。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来のバッテリの劣化判定装置では、電気自動車と充電器を接続してバッテリの充電を行う際に劣化を判定している。従って、劣化の判定はバッテリの充電時に限定され、電気自動車の走行中にはバッテリの劣化を判定することができなかった。
【０００４】
本発明の目的は、バッテリの放電時、すなわち、バッテリを搭載した電気自動車の走行時に正確にバッテリの劣化判定を行うことができるバッテリの劣化判定装置および劣化判定方法を提供することにある。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
一実施の形態を示す図１を参照して本発明を説明する。
（１）請求項１の発明によるバッテリの劣化判定装置は、放電を行っている際のバッテリ１の第１の電圧と第２の電圧とを所定の時間間隔でそれぞれ検出する電圧検出装置３と、電圧検出装置３により検出した第１の電圧と第２の電圧とに基づいてバッテリ１の電圧特性を算出する電圧特性算出装置１２と、電圧特性算出装置１２により算出されたバッテリ１の電圧特性と、バッテリ１が新品時の電圧特性とに基づいてバッテリ１の劣化を判定する判定装置１２とを備えることにより、上記目的を達成する。
（２）請求項２の発明は、請求項１のバッテリの劣化判定装置において、第１の電圧と第２の電圧は、バッテリ１の放電電流値が所定値より小さいときに検出することを特徴とする。
（３）請求項３の発明は、請求項１または２のバッテリの劣化判定装置において、所定の時間間隔を、電圧検出装置３が第１の電圧を検出したときのバッテリ１のＳＯＣ（充電率）に基づいて定めることを特徴とする。
（４）請求項４の発明は、請求項１〜３のいずれかのバッテリの劣化判定装置において、バッテリ１の温度を検出する温度検出装置１３をさらに備え、温度検出装置１３により検出したバッテリ１の温度に基づいて、バッテリ１が新品時の電圧特性を補正することを特徴とする。
（５）請求項５の発明によるバッテリの劣化判定方法は、放電を行っている際のバッテリ１の第１の電圧と第２の電圧とを所定間隔でそれぞれ検出し、検出した第１の電圧と第２の電圧とに基づいてバッテリ１の電圧特性を算出し、算出したバッテリ１の電圧特性と、バッテリ１が新品時の電圧特性とに基づいてバッテリ１の劣化を判定することにより、上記目的を達成する。
【０００６】
なお、上記課題を解決するための手段の項では、本発明をわかりやすく説明するために実施の形態の図１と対応づけたが、これにより本発明が実施の形態に限定されるものではない。
【０００７】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、次のような効果を奏する。
（１）請求項１〜４の発明によれば、放電を行っている際のバッテリの第１の電圧と第２の電圧とを所定の時間間隔でそれぞれ検出する電圧検出装置と、検出した第１の電圧と第２の電圧とに基づいてバッテリの電圧特性を算出する電圧特性算出装置と、算出されたバッテリの電圧特性とバッテリが新品時の電圧特性とに基づいてバッテリの劣化を判定する判定装置とを備えることにより、バッテリが放電を行っているときに正確にバッテリの劣化を判定することができる。
（２）請求項２の発明によれば、第１の電圧と第２の電圧は、バッテリの放電電流値が所定値より小さいときに検出するので、電圧の検出精度を向上することができる。
（３）請求項３の発明によれば、所定の時間間隔を第１の電圧を検出したときのバッテリのＳＯＣに基づいて定めるので、正確にバッテリの電圧特性を算出することができる。
（４）請求項４の発明によれば、バッテリの温度を検出する温度検出装置をさらに備え、温度検出装置により検出したバッテリの温度に基づいて、バッテリが新品時の電圧特性を補正するので、さらに正確にバッテリの劣化を判定することができる。
（５）請求項５の発明によれば、放電を行っている際のバッテリの第１の電圧と第２の電圧とを所定の時間間隔でそれぞれ検出し、検出した第１の電圧と第２の電圧とに基づいてバッテリの電圧特性を算出し、算出したバッテリの電圧特性と、バッテリが新品時の電圧特性とに基づいてバッテリの劣化を判定することにより、バッテリの放電時に正確にバッテリの劣化を判定することができる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１は、本発明によるセルの劣化判定装置を電気自動車に適用した一実施の形態の構成を示す図である。この電気自動車は、バッテリ１の直流電力をインバータ４で交流電力に変換し、走行駆動源である三相同期モータ５へ交流電力を供給する。供給された交流電力により三相同期モータ５が回転駆動することにより、減速機６、ドライブシャフト７ａ，７ｂを介して左右の駆動輪８ａ，８ｂが回転して電気自動車が駆動することができる。
【０００９】
バッテリ１は、複数のセル（例えば９６個）が直列に接続されて構成され、完全に充電したときの端子電圧は403.2Ｖ（＝4.2×96）である。電流センサ２は、バッテリ１に流れる充放電電流、すなわち、バッテリ１を充電・放電する際に流れる電流を検出する。検出した電流値は、バッテリコントローラ１２に出力する。電圧センサ３は、バッテリ１の総電圧を検出して、バッテリコントローラ１２に出力する。温度センサ１３は、バッテリ１の温度を検出して、バッテリコントローラ１２に出力する。
【００１０】
バッテリーコントローラ１２は、不図示のＣＰＵ，ＲＯＭ，ＲＡＭ，送信端子，受信端子を備えている。バッテリコントローラ１２は、セルコントローラ（Ｃ／Ｃ）１１、電流センサ２、電圧センサ３、温度センサ１３等から得られる情報に基づいて、バッテリ１の各情報を演算し、バッテリ１の制御を行う。バッテリーコントローラ３とセルコントローラ１１とは通信線で接続されている。セルコントローラ１１は、各セルの電圧を検出するとともに、バッテリコントローラ１２から送信される信号に基づいて、不図示の容量調整回路等を制御して各セルの容量を調整することができる。
【００１１】
ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ９は、バッテリ１の高電圧を低電圧（例えば１２Ｖ）に変換する。変換された電圧は、不図示の１２Ｖバッテリやエアコンのコンプレッサ等の補機１０に用いられる。
【００１２】
図２は、バッテリ１の劣化を判定する一実施の形態の手順を示すフローチャートである。このフローチャートにおける処理は、不図示のイグニッションスイッチがオンされることにより始まり、所定時間ごとにバッテリコントローラ１２により行われる。以下、ステップＳ１００から順に説明する。
【００１３】
ステップＳ１００では、電流センサ２によりバッテリ１の充放電電流Ｉを検出する。なお、電流値は放電側、すなわち、バッテリ１を放電しているときに流れる電流をプラスとする。検出した電流Ｉは、バッテリコントローラ１２に送信される。次のステップＳ１１０では、ステップＳ１００で検出した電流Ｉが所定の範囲内（０＜Ｉ＜α）であるか否かを判定する。この判定は、以後の処理で行う電圧の検出を正確に行い、バッテリ１の劣化を正確に判定するために行われる。αは、電圧の検出精度を確保するためのしきい値であり、検出した電流Ｉが所定の範囲内の小さい値であるか、すなわち、バッテリ１が放電状態であり、かつ、ほぼ一定の電流であるか否かを判定している。所定の範囲内であると判定するとステップＳ１２０に進む。所定の範囲内ではないと判定するとステップ１００に戻り、再び電流を検出する。
【００１４】
ステップＳ１２０では、温度センサ１３によりバッテリ１の温度を検出する。検出した温度はバッテリコントローラ１２に送信される。ステップＳ１３０では、ステップＳ１２０で検出した温度に基づいて温度係数ＫCAPKを算出する。図３は、バッテリ１の温度と温度係数ＫCAPK（％）との関係を示す図である。２０℃を基準（ＫCAPK＝１００）として、バッテリ１の温度が高くなるほど温度係数も大きい値となる。温度係数ＫCAPKを算出するとステップＳ１４０に進む。ステップＳ１４０では、電圧センサ３によりバッテリ１の総電圧を検出する。検出した電圧値はバッテリコントローラ１２に送信される。
【００１５】
ステップＳ１５０では、バッテリ１のＳＯＣ（充電率：State of Charge）を算出する。具体的には、ステップＳ１４０で検出したバッテリ１の総電圧をバッテリ１を構成するセル数で割ることにより、セルの平均電圧を算出し、算出したセル電圧に基づいてＳＯＣを算出する。図４は、バッテリ１のＳＯＣとセル電圧との関係を示す一例である。予め、図４に示すようなバッテリ１のＳＯＣとセル電圧との関係を示すテーブルを用意しておき、このテーブルと算出したセル電圧とに基づいてＳＯＣを算出する。ＳＯＣを算出するとステップＳ１６０に進む。
【００１６】
ステップＳ１６０では、タイマ時間Ｔｘを設定してスタートさせる。設定するタイマ時間Ｔｘは、ステップＳ１５０で算出したバッテリ１のＳＯＣに基づいて定める。図５は、バッテリ１のＳＯＣとタイマ時間Ｔｘとの関係を示す一例である。予め、図５に示すようなバッテリ１のＳＯＣとタイマ時間Ｔｘとの関係を示すテーブルを用意しておき、このテーブルとステップＳ１５０で算出したＳＯＣとに基づいてタイマ時間Ｔｘを算出する。タイマ時間Ｔｘを算出するとステップＳ１７０に進む。
【００１７】
ステップＳ１７０では、電流センサ２により再びバッテリ１の充放電電流Ｉを検出する。検出した電流Ｉは、バッテリコントローラ１２に送信される。次のステップＳ１８０で行う処理は、ステップＳ１１０で行った処理と同じである。すなわち、ステップＳ１７０で検出した電流Ｉが所定の範囲内（０＜Ｉ＜α）であるか否かを判定する。所定の範囲内であると判定するとステップＳ１９０に進む。所定の範囲内ではないと判定するとステップ１００に戻り、再び電流を検出する。
【００１８】
ステップＳ１９０では、ステップＳ１６０で設定したタイマ時間Ｔｘを経過したか否かを判定する。経過したと判定するとステップＳ２００に進み、経過していないと判定するとステップＳ１７０に戻る。本実施の形態におけるバッテリの劣化判定では、ステップ１４０でバッテリ１の総電圧を検出した後も、タイマ時間Ｔｘを経過するまでは、何度もバッテリの充放電電流を検出して所定の範囲内にあるか否かを判定し、所定の範囲内にあると判定したときにステップＳ２００以降の処理が行われる。ステップＳ２００では、電圧センサ３により再びバッテリ１の総電圧を検出する。検出した電圧値はバッテリコントローラ１２に送信される。
【００１９】
ステップＳ２１０では、予め記憶しているバッテリ１の新品時の電圧特性を読み出し、ステップＳ１３０で算出した温度係数ＫCAPKを用いて温度補正を行う。バッテリ１の電圧特性とは、ある一定電流にてバッテリ１を放電させたときに、バッテリ１の電圧が第１の電圧から第２の電圧に達するまでの時間変化の特性である。図６は、バッテリ１が新品時の電圧特性と劣化時の電圧特性を示す図である。図の詳細については後述する。この電圧特性は、バッテリ１の温度により異なるので、温度補正を行う必要がある。すなわち、バッテリ１の温度が低いほどバッテリ１の内部抵抗は大きくなるので、放電時の時間変化に対する電圧変化も大きくなる。従って、図７に示すように、バッテリ１の温度が低いほど電圧特性の傾きが大きく（傾きの絶対値が大きく）なるように温度補正を行う必要がある。この温度補正をバッテリ１が新品時の電圧特性に対して行う。
【００２０】
バッテリ１が新品である時の電圧特性の温度補正を行うとステップＳ２２０に進む。ステップＳ２２０では、ステップＳ１４０で検出した電圧とステップＳ２００で検出した電圧との差をタイマ時間Ｔｘで割った傾きと、ステップＳ２１０で補正した新品時の電圧特性とに基づいて、バッテリ１の劣化演算を行う。ステップＳ１４０で検出した電圧とステップＳ２００で検出した電圧との差をタイマ時間Ｔｘで割った傾きを算出することにより、上述した電圧特性を算出することができる。
【００２１】
図６は、バッテリ１が新品時の電圧特性と劣化時の電圧特性を示す図である。バッテリ１の劣化が進行すると、バッテリ１の内部抵抗が大きくなるので、放電時の電圧の変動も大きくなる。すなわち、図６に示すように、ある電圧Ｖ０から所定時間Ｔｘだけ放電を行った場合、新品時の電圧Ｖ１は、バッテリ劣化時の電圧Ｖ１'より大きい値となる。従って、劣化時の電圧特性の傾きは新品時の電圧特性の傾きに対して大きくなる。この新品時と劣化時の電圧特性の傾きの差異に基づいて、バッテリ１の劣化係数を算出する。劣化係数は、図８に示すように、バッテリ１が新品であるときの劣化係数を基準（１００（％））とし、バッテリ１の劣化が進行するほど小さい値となる。
【００２２】
バッテリ１の劣化係数を算出するとステップＳ２３０に進む。ステップＳ２３０では、ステップＳ２２０で算出した劣化係数を不図示のメモリに記憶して本制御を終了する。
【００２３】
本実施の形態によるバッテリの劣化判定装置によれば、充放電電流を検出し（ステップＳ１００）、検出した電流が所定の範囲内であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１１０）。検出した電流が所定の範囲内であると判定するとバッテリ１の温度を検出して温度係数を算出する（ステップＳ１２０，Ｓ１３０）。その後、バッテリ１の総電圧（第１の電圧）を検出してバッテリ１のＳＯＣを算出し、算出したＳＯＣに基づいてタイマ時間Ｔｘを算出してタイマをスタートさせる（ステップＳ１４０〜Ｓ１６０）。再び充放電電流を検出して所定の範囲内であるか否かを判定し、所定の範囲内であると判定すると、タイマ時間Ｔｘを経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１７０〜Ｓ１９０）。タイマ時間Ｔｘを経過したと判定すると再びバッテリ１の総電圧（第２の電圧）を検出（ステップＳ２００）する。その後、算出した温度係数に基づいてバッテリ１が新品時の電圧特性に対して温度補正を行い（ステップＳ２１０）、放電中に検出した第１の電圧と第２の電圧との差異をタイマ時間Ｔｘで割った値（放電特性の傾き）と補正後の新品時の電圧特性の傾きとに基づいて、劣化係数を算出して記憶する（ステップＳ２２０，Ｓ２３０）。
【００２４】
本実施の形態によるバッテリの劣化判定装置によれば、バッテリ１を搭載した電気自動車の走行中においてもバッテリ１の劣化を判定することができるので、劣化判定を行う場面（状況）が増える。従って、走行中の車両の状況に応じたバッテリ１の劣化度合いを検出することができるので、例えば劣化度合いを用いてバッテリ１の残量表示を行う場合に、残量表示の精度を向上させることができる。また、劣化度合いを用いて車両制御を行う場合には、制御の精度を向上させることもできる。
【００２５】
また、第１の電圧と第２の電圧は、放電電流が所定の範囲以内にあるときに検出するので、バッテリ１の電圧特性を正確に算出することができる。第１の電圧を検出してから第２の電圧を検出するまでの時間は、バッテリ１のＳＯＣに基づいて算出しているので、さらに正確にバッテリ１の電圧特性を算出することができる。さらに、バッテリ１の温度に基づいて新品時の電圧特性を補正するので、バッテリ１の劣化を正確に判定することができる。
【００２６】
本発明は上述した実施の形態に限定されることはない。例えば、本発明によるバッテリの劣化判定装置をハイブリッド車に適用することもできるし、バッテリを搭載するものであれば、車両以外にも適用することができる。また、タイマ時間ＴｘをバッテリのＳＯＣに基づいて定めたが、ＤＯＤ（放電深度）に基づいて定めることもできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明によるバッテリの劣化判定装置を電気自動車に適用した一実施の形態の構成を示す図
【図２】バッテリの劣化を判定する手順を示す一実施の形態のフローチャート
【図３】バッテリの温度と温度係数との関係を示す図
【図４】バッテリのＳＯＣとセル電圧との関係を示す図
【図５】バッテリのＳＯＣとタイマ時間Ｔｘとの関係を示す図
【図６】バッテリが新品時の電圧特性と劣化時の電圧特性を示す図
【図７】バッテリの温度と電圧特性の傾きの絶対値との関係を示す図
【図８】バッテリの劣化の進行度と劣化係数との関係を示す図
【符号の説明】
１…バッテリ、２…電流センサ、３…電圧センサ、４…インバータ、５…モータ、６…減速機、７ａ，７ｂ…ドライブシャフト、８ａ，８ｂ…車輪、９…ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ、１０…補機、１１…セルコントローラ、１２…バッテリコントローラ、１３…温度センサ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for determining deterioration of a battery of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A battery used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle is deteriorated by repeated charging and discharging. As an apparatus for determining the deterioration of the battery, there is a battery deterioration determining apparatus described in JP-A-11-52033. In this battery deterioration determination device, when charging the battery with a constant current, the battery voltage is detected based on the detected time until the terminal voltage of the battery reaches the second voltage from the first voltage. The degree of deterioration is judged.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional battery deterioration determination device, the deterioration is determined when the battery is charged by connecting the electric vehicle and the charger. Therefore, the determination of deterioration is limited to the time of charging the battery, and the deterioration of the battery cannot be determined while the electric vehicle is running.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a battery deterioration determination device and a deterioration determination method capable of accurately determining battery deterioration when the battery is discharged, that is, when an electric vehicle equipped with the battery is running.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 showing an embodiment.
(1) A battery deterioration determination device according to the invention of claim 1 includes a voltage detection device 3 for detecting a first voltage and a second voltage of the battery 1 during discharge at predetermined time intervals, respectively. The voltage characteristic calculation device 12 that calculates the voltage characteristic of the battery 1 based on the first voltage and the second voltage detected by the voltage detection device 3, and the voltage characteristic of the battery 1 calculated by the voltage characteristic calculation device 12 And the determination device 12 that determines the deterioration of the battery 1 based on the voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is new.
(2) The invention of claim 2 is the battery deterioration determination device of claim 1, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are detected when the discharge current value of the battery 1 is smaller than a predetermined value. And
(3) The invention according to claim 3 is the battery degradation determination device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the SOC (charge rate) of the battery 1 when the voltage detection device 3 detects the first voltage is detected at a predetermined time interval. ) .
(4) The invention of claim 4 is the battery deterioration determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a temperature detection device 13 for detecting the temperature of the battery 1 , and the battery 1 detected by the temperature detection device 13. Based on the temperature of the battery 1, the voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is new are corrected .
(5) In the battery deterioration determination method according to the invention of claim 5, the first voltage and the second voltage of the battery 1 during discharging are detected at predetermined intervals, respectively, and the detected first voltage is detected. And determining the deterioration of the battery 1 based on the calculated voltage characteristic of the battery 1 and the voltage characteristic when the battery 1 is new. Achieve the goal.
[0006]
In the section of means for solving the above problems, the present invention is associated with FIG. 1 of the embodiment for easy understanding. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. .
[0007]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the following effects.
(1) According to the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, the voltage detection device that detects the first voltage and the second voltage of the battery at the time of discharging at predetermined time intervals, and the detected first voltage A voltage characteristic calculation device that calculates a voltage characteristic of a battery based on the first voltage and the second voltage, and determines deterioration of the battery based on the calculated voltage characteristic of the battery and a voltage characteristic when the battery is new. By providing the determination device, it is possible to accurately determine the deterioration of the battery when the battery is discharging.
(2) According to the invention of claim 2, since the first voltage and the second voltage are detected when the discharge current value of the battery is smaller than the predetermined value, the voltage detection accuracy can be improved.
(3) According to the invention of claim 3, since the predetermined time interval is determined based on the SOC of the battery when the first voltage is detected, the voltage characteristics of the battery can be accurately calculated.
(4) According to the invention of claim 4, further comprising a temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the battery, and based on the temperature of the battery detected by the temperature detection device, the voltage characteristic when the battery is new is corrected. Further, it is possible to accurately determine the deterioration of the battery.
(5) According to the invention of claim 5, the first voltage and the second voltage of the battery during discharging are detected at predetermined time intervals, respectively, and the detected first voltage and second voltage are detected. The battery voltage characteristic is calculated based on the voltage of the battery, and the deterioration of the battery is determined based on the calculated battery voltage characteristic and the voltage characteristic when the battery is new. Degradation can be determined.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment in which a cell deterioration determination apparatus according to the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle. This electric vehicle converts the direct current power of the battery 1 into alternating current power by the inverter 4 and supplies the alternating current power to the three-phase synchronous motor 5 that is a traveling drive source. When the three-phase synchronous motor 5 is rotationally driven by the supplied AC power, the left and right drive wheels 8a and 8b are rotated via the speed reducer 6 and the drive shafts 7a and 7b, so that the electric vehicle can be driven.
[0009]
The battery 1 is configured by connecting a plurality of cells (for example, 96) in series, and the terminal voltage when fully charged is 403.2 V (= 4.2 × 96). The current sensor 2 detects a charge / discharge current flowing through the battery 1, that is, a current flowing when the battery 1 is charged / discharged. The detected current value is output to the battery controller 12. The voltage sensor 3 detects the total voltage of the battery 1 and outputs it to the battery controller 12. The temperature sensor 13 detects the temperature of the battery 1 and outputs it to the battery controller 12.
[0010]
The battery controller 12 includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, transmission terminal, and reception terminal (not shown). The battery controller 12 calculates each information of the battery 1 based on information obtained from the cell controller (C / C) 11, the current sensor 2, the voltage sensor 3, the temperature sensor 13, etc., and controls the battery 1. The battery controller 3 and the cell controller 11 are connected by a communication line. The cell controller 11 can detect the voltage of each cell and adjust the capacity of each cell by controlling a capacity adjustment circuit (not shown) based on a signal transmitted from the battery controller 12.
[0011]
The DC / DC converter 9 converts the high voltage of the battery 1 into a low voltage (for example, 12V). The converted voltage is used in an auxiliary machine 10 such as a 12V battery (not shown) or an air conditioner compressor.
[0012]
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of an embodiment for determining the deterioration of the battery 1. The processing in this flowchart starts when an ignition switch (not shown) is turned on, and is performed by the battery controller 12 every predetermined time. Hereinafter, description will be made in order from step S100.
[0013]
In step S100, the current sensor 2 detects the charge / discharge current I of the battery 1. The current value is positive on the discharge side, that is, when the battery 1 is discharged. The detected current I is transmitted to the battery controller 12. In the next step S110, it is determined whether or not the current I detected in step S100 is within a predetermined range (0 <I <α). This determination is performed in order to accurately detect the voltage performed in the subsequent processing and accurately determine the deterioration of the battery 1. α is a threshold value for ensuring the voltage detection accuracy, and whether the detected current I is a small value within a predetermined range, that is, the battery 1 is in a discharged state and is a substantially constant current. It is determined whether or not. If it determines with it being in the predetermined range, it will progress to step S120. If it is determined that the current value is not within the predetermined range, the process returns to step 100 to detect the current again.
[0014]
In step S120, the temperature of the battery 1 is detected by the temperature sensor 13. The detected temperature is transmitted to the battery controller 12. In step S130, a temperature coefficient K CAPK is calculated based on the temperature detected in step S120. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature of the battery 1 and the temperature coefficient K CAPK (%). With 20 ° C. as a reference (K CAPK = 100), the temperature coefficient increases as the temperature of the battery 1 increases. When the temperature coefficient K CAPK is calculated, the process proceeds to step S140. In step S140, the voltage sensor 3 detects the total voltage of the battery 1. The detected voltage value is transmitted to the battery controller 12.
[0015]
In step S150, the SOC (state of charge) of the battery 1 is calculated. Specifically, the average voltage of the cell is calculated by dividing the total voltage of the battery 1 detected in step S140 by the number of cells constituting the battery 1, and the SOC is calculated based on the calculated cell voltage. FIG. 4 is an example showing the relationship between the SOC of the battery 1 and the cell voltage. A table showing the relationship between the SOC of the battery 1 and the cell voltage as shown in FIG. 4 is prepared in advance, and the SOC is calculated based on this table and the calculated cell voltage. When the SOC is calculated, the process proceeds to step S160.
[0016]
In step S160, the timer time Tx is set and started. The timer time Tx to be set is determined based on the SOC of the battery 1 calculated in step S150. FIG. 5 is an example showing the relationship between the SOC of the battery 1 and the timer time Tx. A table showing the relationship between the SOC of the battery 1 and the timer time Tx as shown in FIG. 5 is prepared in advance, and the timer time Tx is calculated based on this table and the SOC calculated in step S150. When the timer time Tx is calculated, the process proceeds to step S170.
[0017]
In step S170, the current sensor 2 detects the charge / discharge current I of the battery 1 again. The detected current I is transmitted to the battery controller 12. The process performed in the next step S180 is the same as the process performed in step S110. That is, it is determined whether or not the current I detected in step S170 is within a predetermined range (0 <I <α). If it determines with it being in the predetermined range, it will progress to step S190. If it is determined that it is not within the predetermined range, the process returns to step 100 and the current is detected again.
[0018]
In step S190, it is determined whether the timer time Tx set in step S160 has elapsed. If it is determined that it has elapsed, the process proceeds to step S200, and if it is determined that it has not elapsed, the process returns to step S170. In the battery deterioration determination in the present embodiment, even after the total voltage of the battery 1 is detected in step 140, the battery charge / discharge current is detected many times until the timer time Tx elapses, and within a predetermined range. If it is determined whether or not it is within the predetermined range, the processing after step S200 is performed. In step S200, the voltage sensor 3 detects the total voltage of the battery 1 again. The detected voltage value is transmitted to the battery controller 12.
[0019]
In step S210, the pre-stored voltage characteristics of the battery 1 when new are read out, and temperature correction is performed using the temperature coefficient K CAPK calculated in step S130. The voltage characteristic of the battery 1 is a characteristic of time change until the voltage of the battery 1 reaches the second voltage from the first voltage when the battery 1 is discharged at a certain constant current. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is new and voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is deteriorated. Details of the figure will be described later. Since this voltage characteristic varies depending on the temperature of the battery 1, it is necessary to perform temperature correction. That is, since the internal resistance of the battery 1 increases as the temperature of the battery 1 decreases, the voltage change with respect to the time change during discharge also increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, it is necessary to perform temperature correction so that the slope of the voltage characteristic becomes larger (the absolute value of the slope becomes larger) as the temperature of the battery 1 is lower. This temperature correction is performed on the voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is new.
[0020]
If the temperature correction of the voltage characteristic when the battery 1 is new is performed, the process proceeds to step S220. In step S220, the deterioration calculation of the battery 1 is performed based on the slope obtained by dividing the difference between the voltage detected in step S140 and the voltage detected in step S200 by the timer time Tx and the voltage characteristics of the new product corrected in step S210. I do. By calculating the slope obtained by dividing the difference between the voltage detected in step S140 and the voltage detected in step S200 by the timer time Tx, the voltage characteristics described above can be calculated.
[0021]
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is new and voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is deteriorated. As the deterioration of the battery 1 proceeds, the internal resistance of the battery 1 increases, so that the voltage fluctuation during discharging also increases. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when discharging is performed for a predetermined time Tx from a certain voltage V0, the new voltage V1 is larger than the voltage V1 ′ when the battery is deteriorated. Therefore, the slope of the voltage characteristic at the time of deterioration becomes larger than the slope of the voltage characteristic at the time of a new product. The deterioration coefficient of the battery 1 is calculated based on the difference in the slope of the voltage characteristics between the new time and the deterioration. As shown in FIG. 8, the deterioration coefficient is a value that becomes smaller as the deterioration of the battery 1 progresses with the deterioration coefficient when the battery 1 is new as a reference (100 (%)).
[0022]
When the deterioration coefficient of the battery 1 is calculated, the process proceeds to step S230. In step S230, the deterioration coefficient calculated in step S220 is stored in a memory (not shown), and this control is terminated.
[0023]
According to the battery deterioration determination apparatus according to the present embodiment, charge / discharge current is detected (step S100), and it is determined whether or not the detected current is within a predetermined range (step S110). If it is determined that the detected current is within a predetermined range, the temperature of the battery 1 is detected and a temperature coefficient is calculated (steps S120 and S130). Thereafter, the total voltage (first voltage) of the battery 1 is detected, the SOC of the battery 1 is calculated, the timer time Tx is calculated based on the calculated SOC, and the timer is started (steps S140 to S160). The charge / discharge current is detected again to determine whether it is within a predetermined range. When it is determined to be within the predetermined range, it is determined whether the timer time Tx has elapsed (steps S170 to S190). If it is determined that the timer time Tx has elapsed, the total voltage (second voltage) of the battery 1 is detected again (step S200). Thereafter, based on the calculated temperature coefficient, temperature correction is performed on the voltage characteristics when the battery 1 is new (step S210), and the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage detected during the discharge is determined by the timer time Tx. The degradation coefficient is calculated and stored based on the value divided by (the slope of the discharge characteristics) and the slope of the new voltage characteristics after correction (steps S220 and S230).
[0024]
According to the battery deterioration determination device according to the present embodiment, it is possible to determine the deterioration of the battery 1 even while the electric vehicle equipped with the battery 1 is traveling, so that the scenes (situations) for performing the deterioration determination increase. Accordingly, the degree of deterioration of the battery 1 can be detected in accordance with the state of the traveling vehicle. For example, when displaying the remaining amount of the battery 1 using the degree of deterioration, the accuracy of the remaining amount display is improved. Can do. In addition, when vehicle control is performed using the degree of deterioration, control accuracy can be improved.
[0025]
Further, since the first voltage and the second voltage are detected when the discharge current is within a predetermined range, the voltage characteristics of the battery 1 can be accurately calculated. Since the time from detection of the first voltage to detection of the second voltage is calculated based on the SOC of the battery 1, the voltage characteristics of the battery 1 can be calculated more accurately. Furthermore, since the voltage characteristics at the time of a new article are correct | amended based on the temperature of the battery 1, the deterioration of the battery 1 can be determined correctly.
[0026]
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. For example, the battery deterioration determination device according to the present invention can be applied to a hybrid vehicle, and can be applied to other vehicles as long as the battery is mounted. Further, although the timer time Tx is determined based on the SOC of the battery, it can be determined based on DOD (depth of discharge).
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment in which a battery deterioration determination device according to the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment showing a procedure for determining battery deterioration. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between battery temperature and temperature coefficient. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between battery SOC and cell voltage. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between battery SOC and timer time Tx. Fig. 7 is a graph showing the voltage characteristics of a new battery and the voltage characteristics at the time of deterioration. Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the battery temperature and the absolute value of the slope of the voltage characteristics. That shows the relationship
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery, 2 ... Current sensor, 3 ... Voltage sensor, 4 ... Inverter, 5 ... Motor, 6 ... Reduction gear, 7a, 7b ... Drive shaft, 8a, 8b ... Wheel, 9 ... DC / DC converter, 10 ... Supplementary 11 ... cell controller, 12 ... battery controller, 13 ... temperature sensor

Claims (5)

放電を行っている際のバッテリの第１の電圧と第２の電圧とを所定の時間間隔でそれぞれ検出する電圧検出装置と、
前記電圧検出装置により検出した前記第１の電圧と前記第２の電圧とに基づいてバッテリの電圧特性を算出する電圧特性算出装置と、
前記電圧特性算出装置により算出された前記バッテリの電圧特性と、バッテリが新品時の電圧特性とに基づいてバッテリの劣化を判定する判定装置とを備えることを特徴とするバッテリの劣化判定装置。A voltage detection device for respectively detecting a first voltage and a second voltage of the battery at the time of discharging at a predetermined time interval;
A voltage characteristic calculation device for calculating a voltage characteristic of a battery based on the first voltage and the second voltage detected by the voltage detection device;
A battery deterioration determination device, comprising: a determination device that determines battery deterioration based on a voltage characteristic of the battery calculated by the voltage characteristic calculation device and a voltage characteristic when the battery is new. 請求項１に記載のバッテリの劣化判定装置において、
前記第１の電圧と前記第２の電圧は、前記バッテリの放電電流値が所定値より小さいときに検出することを特徴とするバッテリの劣化判定装置。In the battery deterioration determination device according to claim 1,
The battery deterioration determination device, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are detected when a discharge current value of the battery is smaller than a predetermined value. 請求項１または２に記載のバッテリの劣化判定装置において、
前記所定の時間間隔を、前記電圧検出装置が前記第１の電圧を検出したときの前記バッテリのＳＯＣ（充電率）に基づいて定めることを特徴とするバッテリの劣化判定装置。In the battery deterioration determination device according to claim 1 or 2 ,
The battery deterioration determination device characterized in that the predetermined time interval is determined based on an SOC (charge rate) of the battery when the voltage detection device detects the first voltage . 請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載のバッテリの劣化判定装置において、
バッテリの温度を検出する温度検出装置をさらに備え、
前記温度検出装置により検出した前記バッテリの温度に基づいて、前記バッテリが新品時の電圧特性を補正することを特徴とするバッテリの劣化判定装置。In the battery deterioration determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A temperature detecting device for detecting the temperature of the battery;
A battery deterioration determination device , wherein a voltage characteristic when the battery is new is corrected based on the temperature of the battery detected by the temperature detection device. 放電を行っている際のバッテリの第１の電圧と第２の電圧とを所定の時間間隔でそれぞれ検出し、Detecting a first voltage and a second voltage of the battery during discharging at predetermined time intervals, respectively;
検出した前記第１の電圧と前記第２の電圧とに基づいてバッテリの電圧特性を算出し、Calculating a voltage characteristic of the battery based on the detected first voltage and the second voltage;
算出した前記バッテリの電圧特性と、バッテリが新品時の電圧特性とに基づいてバッテリの劣化を判定することを特徴とするバッテリの劣化判定方法。A battery deterioration determination method, wherein battery deterioration is determined based on the calculated voltage characteristics of the battery and voltage characteristics when the battery is new.
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JP2021072819A (en) * 2021-01-21 2021-05-13 日本たばこ産業株式会社 Suction ingredient generation device, method for controlling suction ingredient generation device, and program

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