JP3741468B2 - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator, and more particularly to a tunnel excavator for excavation of rock, which includes a cylindrical skin plate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a tunnel excavator for rock excavation, a so-called shielded tunnel excavator is known in which an excavator body is covered with a cylindrical skin plate (shield). When excavating natural ground using this type of tunnel excavator, the propulsive force is transmitted to the cutter head support by the thrust jack while the propulsive reaction force is applied to the tunnel pit wall by the main gripper, and the cutter head support Rock excavation is performed by rotating a supported cutter head.
[0003]
According to this shielded tunnel excavator, unlike the open type tunnel excavator, the provision of the skin plate can prevent intrusion of collapsed soil and the like into the excavator body. However, since the natural ground is exposed directly behind the excavator body, the operator is exposed to the risk of collapse of the natural ground. Therefore, when reaching a ground where there is a possibility of collapse during rock excavation by such a tunnel excavator, the inside of the pit wall formed behind the excavator body is covered with a segment. Preventing the collapse of natural ground is being carried out. In addition, in the case of a natural ground that does not reach the end of this segment or support lining by replacing it with a segment, measures to prevent collapse such as simply covering the top with a net are taken. ing.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there is a problem that the method using the segment or the support work as described above cannot cope with the sudden collapse of the natural ground until the lining with the segment or the like is performed. Also, with the method of covering with a net, especially when digging up a tilt shaft, the fall distance of fallen objects becomes long, so it cannot be received by the net, or a scaffold for stretching the net must be provided at an angle. Since there is a restriction on installation, there is a problem that it is difficult to set up the net itself.
[0005]
In order to solve such problems, the present invention provides a simple method for removing natural ground during the period until lining by a segment or the like, or in a ground that does not lead to lining by a segment or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavator that can cope with collapse and thereby ensure the safety of workers.
[0006]
[Means for solving the problems and actions / effects]
To achieve the foregoing objects, the tunnel boring machine according to the present invention, the first,
In a tunnel excavator comprising a cylindrical skin plate , a gripper frame provided inside the skin plate, and a main gripper supported by the gripper frame ,
The collapse prevention members for preventing the collapse of the natural ground, is characterized in providing a retractable from the rear end side said than main gripper rearwardly of the skin plate rearward.
[0007]
The collapse prevention body of the present invention prevents the collapse of the natural ground by being protruded from the rear end side of the skin plate to the rear depending on the state of the natural ground, for example, when the natural ground is cracked. Used to do. As another use mode, the collapse prevention body is always in a protruding state for safety, and the collapse prevention body is partially immersed in the skin plate at the time of refilling, and the state of the ground of the immersion portion The tunnel excavator is used to advance while confirming. When there is a part (floating stone) that is likely to collapse due to loosening of the natural ground at the time of confirming the natural ground, processing such as scraping (floating stone dropping), partial spraying, and placement of a rock bolt is performed.
[0008]
As described above, according to the present invention, it is easy for a sudden collapse of a natural ground before lining by a segment or the like, or a collapse in a natural ground that does not lead to lining by a segment or the like. Therefore, it is possible to respond appropriately and in a timely manner, and it is possible to reliably prevent a fallen object even when the inclined shaft is cut up and excavated, so that the safety of the operator can be ensured.
[0009]
The tunnel excavator according to the present invention is secondly,
A tunnel excavator provided with a cylindrical skin plate, and provided with a collapsible prevention body that prevents collapse of a natural ground from the rear end side of the skin plate toward the rear,
The collapsing prevention body is characterized in that it is operated by a shield jack used for propelling the tunnel excavator with the segment as a reaction force receiver .
According to such a configuration, since the shield jack is also used for operation of the collapse prevention member, device separately reduce the number of parts it is not necessary to install a special device for the operation of the collapse preventing members It is possible to simplify the configuration and avoid an increase in cost.
[0010]
In this case, it is preferable that the collapsing prevention body is integrally attached to the cylinder tube of the shield jack. In this way, the allowable load supported by the collapsing prevention body can be increased as compared with a structure in which the collapsing prevention body is integrally attached to the rod portion of the shield jack, and the collapsing prevention effect can be further enhanced.
[0011]
Furthermore, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention is thirdly,
A tunnel excavator provided with a cylindrical skin plate, and provided with a collapsible prevention body that prevents collapse of a natural ground from the rear end side of the skin plate toward the rear,
The collapsing prevention body is divided into a plurality of members that are arranged adjacent to each other and are individually operated .
According to such a configuration, when the collapse prevention body is immersed in the skin plate and the state of the natural ground is confirmed, each member can be individually immersed, so that the confirmation work can be performed more safely.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, specific examples of the tunnel excavator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0013]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the tunnel excavator.
[0014]
A tunnel excavator (TBM) 1 according to the present embodiment is used for excavating an inclined tunnel for water conveyance in a power plant, for example. In this tunnel excavator 1, a cylindrical skin plate 2 is provided in the excavator body, and a cutter head 4 is rotatably supported via a cutter head support 3 inside the front side of the skin plate 2. A large number of disc cutters 5 are mounted on the front surface of the face plate 4 a of the cutter head 4, and a plurality of shear inlets 6 are arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the face plate 4 a. A scraper 7 is disposed on the rear side of the cutter head in the direction of rotation to scrape excavation scraps. Thus, the excavated shear excavated by the rotation of the cutter head 4 is guided to the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 4 and is scraped by the scraper 7 at the outer peripheral portion and taken into the machine from the shear intake port 6. Thereafter, the excavation shear taken into the machine is guided from the hopper 8 disposed in the cutter head 4 to the rear shear chute 9, and is dropped and conveyed by the shear chute 9 to the rear bottom base. .
[0015]
A main gripper 10a is supported by a gripper frame 10 behind the cutter head support 3, and a large number of thrust jacks (lattices) for propelling the excavator body are provided between the cutter head support 3 and the gripper frame 10. Jack) 11 is arranged. Further, the cutter head support 3 is provided with a front gripper 12 used for stabilization during excavation and for supporting the cutter head support 3 against the tunnel wall when excavation is completed.
[0016]
Further, a large number of first shield jacks 13 and second shield jacks 14 are attached to the gripper frame 10 in the rearward direction, and the front ends of the segments 15 or the reaction force steel material 16 are respectively connected to the tips of the jacks 13 and 14. The weight and propulsion reaction force of the excavator main body are also supported by fixing it. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the reaction steel 16 is assembled only at the lower position of the tunnel pit wall, and the excavator main body in excavation is excavated by fixing the second shield jack 14 to the reaction steel 16 together with excavation. The load of is supported.
[0017]
In such a configuration, when excavating a good ground, in addition to the second shield jack 14 described above, a thrust force is applied to the cutter head support 3 by the thrust jack 11 while a reaction force is applied to the tunnel well wall by the main gripper 10a. Excavation is carried out by transmitting and rotating the cutter head 4. On the other hand, when excavating soft ground that requires assembly of the segments 15, excavation is performed by operating the first shield jack 13 while further applying reaction force to the segments 15.
[0018]
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the first shield jack 13 is composed of a rod port jack, the cylinder tube 13a is arranged on the rear side, and the rear portion of the cylinder tube 13a is the rear end surface of the gripper frame 10. It is configured such that the rod portion 13 b is pivotally supported by the front portion of the gripper frame 10 while being supported by the support base 17 protruding rearward from the tube guides 18 and 18.
[0019]
Further, the rear end portion of the collapse preventing body 19 is fixed to the rear end surface of the cylinder tube 13a of the first shield jack 13 by welding or fixing means such as bolts and nuts or attached with a certain degree of freedom. The collapse prevention body 19 is a portion of the first shield jack 13 that protrudes from the rear edge of the skin plate 2 when the first shield jack 13 is at the most projected position (the two-dot chain line position in FIG. 4). A cover plate 19a that covers at least the upper part, a connecting plate 19b that connects the cover plate 19a to the rear end surface of the cylinder tube 13a, and reinforcing plates 19c and 19c that are suspended downward on both sides of the cover plate 19a. Has been. Here, the connecting plate 19b also serves as a spreader that abuts the end face of the segment 15 when the first shield jack 13 is used for propulsion of the excavator body.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of the collapse prevention bodies 19 are provided over a predetermined angle (240 ° in this embodiment) in the circumferential direction of the space inside the skin plate 2 and surrounded by the skin plate 2. 19 in this embodiment) are arranged so as to be adjacent to each other, and the collapse prevention bodies 19 are individually moved in and out by the operation of the first shield jacks 13 provided corresponding to the collapse prevention bodies 19. ing.
[0021]
Next, a usage mode of the collapse prevention body 19 will be described.
[0022]
When the second shield jack 14 supports the airframe against the reaction force steel material 16 and excavates while taking the reaction force against the tunnel well wall by the main gripper 10a, for example, cracks or floats in the ground When the ground is in a state that does not reach the lining by the segment 15, for example, the required number of collapse prevention bodies 19 are protruded, and the collapse prevention bodies 19 cause the cracks to collapse. Is blocked. Thereafter, a part of the collapse prevention body 19 corresponding to a crack or the like is immersed, and the ground where the immersion operation is performed is performed (dropping stone), partial spraying, rock bolting, etc. The required processing is done and the excavation work proceeds.
[0023]
Further, when the ground is changed to soft ground and it is necessary to perform the lining by the segment 15, the collapse preventing body 19 is protruded until the lining by the segment 15 is carried out. The prevention body 19 prevents the collapse of the natural ground.
[0024]
Further, as another usage mode of the fall prevention body 19, all the fall prevention bodies 19 are always in a protruding state for safety, and the fall prevention bodies 19 are partially placed in the skin plate 2 when the body is changed. There is also a usage mode in which the tunnel excavator is replaced while immersing it in, and confirming the state of the ground of this immersive portion. Even in the case of this usage mode, when there is a portion where the natural ground is likely to loosen when the natural ground is confirmed, various processes similar to those described above are performed.
[0025]
In the present embodiment, the first shield jack 13 is used as the intrusion operation means of the collapse prevention body 19, but an operation jack separate from the first shield jack 13 may be provided. Moreover, although the 1st shield jack 13 and the 2nd shield jack 14 were used as separate things, of course, you may provide the same thing.
[0026]
In the present embodiment, the application to the uphill excavation of the inclined tunnel has been described. However, it goes without saying that the present invention can also be applied to a tunnel excavator for downfalling excavation of a inclined tunnel or horizontal excavation. Yes.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1;
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel excavator 2 Skin plate 13 1st shield jack 13a Cylinder tube 14 2nd shield jack 15 Segment 17 Support stand 18 Tube guide 19 Collapse prevention body 19a Cover plate 19b Connection plate 19c Reinforcement plate

Claims (4)

In a tunnel excavator comprising a cylindrical skin plate , a gripper frame provided inside the skin plate, and a main gripper supported by the gripper frame ,
The collapse prevention members for preventing the collapse of the natural ground, tunneling machine, characterized in that provided so retractably from the rear end side said than main gripper rearwardly of the skin plate rearward. A tunnel excavator provided with a cylindrical skin plate, and provided with a collapsible prevention body that prevents collapse of a natural ground from the rear end side of the skin plate toward the rear,
The collapse prevention body, tunnel excavator according to claim shield jacks used by being infested operated for the segment as a reaction force receiver of the propulsion of the tunneling machine.   The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein the collapsing prevention body is integrally attached to a cylinder tube of the shield jack. A tunnel excavator provided with a cylindrical skin plate, and provided with a collapsible prevention body that prevents collapse of a natural ground from the rear end side of the skin plate toward the rear,
The collapse prevention body, tunnel excavator, characterized in that it is divided form into a plurality of members to be operated separately disposed adjacent to each other.

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