JP3741065B2 - How to pull out the blast furnace air tuyeres - Google Patents

How to pull out the blast furnace air tuyeres Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3741065B2
JP3741065B2 JP2002070591A JP2002070591A JP3741065B2 JP 3741065 B2 JP3741065 B2 JP 3741065B2 JP 2002070591 A JP2002070591 A JP 2002070591A JP 2002070591 A JP2002070591 A JP 2002070591A JP 3741065 B2 JP3741065 B2 JP 3741065B2
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Prior art keywords
tuyere
air
blower
temperature
blast furnace
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JP2003268427A (en
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功 高嶋
一成 村越
伸二 長谷川
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高炉の送風羽口を交換、補修、点検などのために、羽口フレーム部から引き抜く方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
高炉の送風羽口は、炉内に熱風を吹込むために、高炉の炉下部に設けられているものである。図1は、その送風羽口部の構造を示す略線図である。この送風羽口が配設されている高炉の炉内は、熱風の吹き込みに伴う炉内コークスの燃焼により、2000℃を超える温度になっている。そこで、送風羽口は一般的に、この温度(輻射熱)に接しても溶損したり損傷しないように、内部に冷却水を流通させる通路が設けてあり、銅製の水冷構造となっている。
しかし、この送風羽口よりも上方で生成した溶銑や溶融スラグが、炉下部に向って流下するので、こうした高温の溶銑、溶融スラグが該送風羽口と接触し、そのため該送風羽口の激しい溶損が起こることがあった。また、近年では、送風羽口からの微粉炭吹込み操業も行われており、そうした微粉炭の流れが送風羽口内壁に衝突することで、該送風羽口が早期に摩耗を生じる場合があった。
【0003】
このような状況下において、もし送風羽口が破損したり損傷すると、送風羽口内に形成された前記冷却水通路も損傷し、ひいてはその冷却水が炉内外に洩れ出すことがある。もし、その水が炉内に漏洩すると、炉内の熱が急激に奪われ、鉱石の還元、溶融に支障をきたすだけでなく、2000℃を超える羽口先空間に水が漏出することになるから、急激な水性ガス反応を招いて水蒸気爆発を起こす恐れもあった。従って、送風羽口の損傷による水の漏出が検知されると、直ちに高炉での送風を停止して休風状態とし、損傷した送風羽口の交換を行っているのが実情である。
【0004】
一般的な送風羽口の構造は、図1に示すように、炉下部の鉄皮1に設けられた開口部に、鋼製の羽口フレーム2が固定されており、この羽口フレーム2の先端には羽口冷却箱3と呼ばれる水冷却される銅製の筒状部材が装着され、さらに、この羽口冷却箱3の先端部に、炉内を臨むようにして送風羽口4が装着される。この送風羽口4と羽口冷却箱3との接合部分は鏡面加工されていて、密着による摩擦接合によって接合されて、気密構造(ガスシール)となっている。この場合において、送風羽口4を羽口冷却箱3の先端部に着装する場合、この羽口冷却箱3の先端部に該送風羽口を挿し込んで、炉外からこの送風羽口4の背面を叩くことにより接触面を密着させる方法がとられている。
【0005】
一方、補修や交換のために該送風羽口4を引き抜く必要が生じた場合、従来、該送風羽口4の炉内側端部に引抜き金具を差し込み、引っ掛けて引き抜くという作業を行っている。
このとき、送風羽口4は前述したように羽口冷却箱3と強固に密着しているため、単に引抜き金具の鉤部を引っ掛けて引き抜くというだけでは容易に取り外すことができず、場合によっては、羽口フレームが変形するといった事態まで招き、羽口フレーム2や羽口冷却箱3の交換までが必要となるという問題があった。
【0006】
これに対して、従来、前記送風羽口4を引き抜くにあたり、以下のような手順による方法を採用していた。
▲1▼ まず、送風羽口への冷却水の給水を停止し、それの冷却水通路内へ高圧空気を送って冷却水通路内の残留水を外部へ押し出す。
▲2▼ 次に、その状態でしばらく放置し、送風羽口の温度を上げる。
▲3▼ 送風羽口の温度が上昇した時点で、冷却通路内に再び冷却水を給水して、送風羽口の温度を急激に低下させる。
▲4▼ 送風羽口の温度がある程度低下した時点で、該送風羽口の炉内側端部に引抜き金具を差し込んでそれの鉤部を引掛け、送風羽口を引き抜く。
上記の手順は、昇温した送風羽口を冷却することで収縮させ、羽口冷却箱3との接触面の摩擦を緩和させることで、送風羽口を引き抜きやすくする目的で採用されている。
【0007】
しかし、この方法では、送風羽口が損傷していないときには問題がないが、もし送風羽口が破損していたような場合には、送風羽口を昇温させた後に冷却水を再び給水すると、損傷部から冷却水が炉内へ漏れ出し、その水が炉内の赤熱コークスに接し、ひいては、水蒸気の急激な発生を導いて、赤熱コークスと反応し、水素、一酸化炭素を発生すると同時に、これが大気と反応することによって爆発的な燃焼が生じる。いわゆる水蒸気爆発に至るおそれがあった。
【0008】
このため、送風羽口の従来引き抜き作業時にあっては、送風羽口近辺での高炉鋳床作業を中断して退避する必要があり、そのために休風時間が長くかかるという問題があった。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、送風羽口の従来の引き抜き作業における水蒸気爆発のおそれを確実に回避することができる他、引き抜き作業時の周辺作業の中断といった不都合を避けることのできる、送風羽口の引き抜き方法を提案することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
従来技術が抱えている上述した課題を解決し、本発明の上記目的を実現するための方法について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、発明者らは、以下に述べる要旨構成に係る新規な方法を開発するに到った。すなわち、本発明は、高炉の羽口フレーム部に装着された水冷構造の送風羽口を引き抜くにあたり、その送風羽口への給水を停止すると共に、送風羽口内の冷却水を除去し、その後しばらくは放置することにより昇温させ、次いで、その昇温した送風羽口の冷却水通路中に低温空気を流通させてこれを急冷した後に、該送風羽口の引き抜きを行うことを特徴とする高炉の送風羽口の引き抜き方法である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
送風羽口の引き抜き準備のための送風羽口冷却手段(冷媒)として、本発明では、上述したように、冷却水に代えて低温空気を用いることとした。それは、水の代わりに空気を用いれば、たとえ送風羽口4が破損していたような場合でも、炉内に漏洩する冷媒が空気であれば、その空気が炉内の赤熱コークスに接触するようなことがあったとしても、急速な水性ガス反応を惹起して水蒸気爆発を起こすようなことがなくなるからである。
【0012】
そこで、本発明では、送風羽口の引き抜きに際してはまず、送風を停止した後、該送風羽口4への冷却水の給水を停止し、次いで、その送風羽口4の冷却水通路内へ高圧空気を送って該通路内の残留冷却水を外部に排出する。
【0013】
次に、この送風羽口4をそのまましばらく(30〜60分程度)放置して、約250℃程度まで昇温させる。この温度は羽口の炉外側の背面に接触式の表面温度計等を用いて簡便に測定することができる。なお、前記放置時間は、30分程度以上とするが、その時間を60分以上としても、羽口への炉内の赤熱コークスからの入熱と羽口を支持する羽口冷却箱への抜熱とがほぼ平衡に達するので、上記の時間保持すれば適当な温度に保持される。従って、放置時間を30分程度以上とることができれば、羽口の温度を測定する操作は必ずしも行う必要はない。そのため、引き抜く羽口が複数ある場合には、羽口の冷却水の水抜きを順次行って、それぞれ所定の時間放置をしておき、最初の羽口の水抜きを行った時点から30分程度経過したところで、順次に引き抜き作業を行うことで効率的に作業を進めることができる。
【0014】
その後、送風羽口冷却水通路内に低温(5℃から10℃)の空気を30秒〜5分間程度送り込み、該送風羽口4の温度を250℃程度から100℃程度にまで急激に低下させる。その温度低下によって、送風羽口4は収縮を起こし、ひいては羽口冷却箱3との擦り合わせ部分に生じた緩みもしくは隙間によって抜けやすくなる。そこで、送風羽口4の炉内側端部に引抜き金具の鉤部を引掛け、該送風羽口4の引き抜きを行う。
【0015】
なお、本発明では、ある程度昇温させた羽口を低温の空気を急冷して収縮させることで、羽口冷却箱3との摩擦を軽減する効果を利用するものであるから、低温の空気は温度が低い方が好ましい。しかし、以下に述べるような簡便な手段で5〜10℃程度の低温の空気を得ることができ、また、この程度の温度の空気による急冷で十分効果があることが判っている。
【0016】
本発明の上記実施形態において、冷却水に代えて用いる前記低温空気としては、専用の低温空気発生装置を用いて供給してもよい。図2は、その一例を示すものであって、この装置は、持ち運び可能な断熱構造を有する容器本体21に対し、空気導入口22と冷風排出口23とを設けると共に、気化促進用注水パイプ24を配設してなり、そしてその容器本体21内には、開閉蓋26を介してドライアイス25を収納できる構造としたものが好適に用いられる。なお、気化促進用注水パイプ24からは、ドライアイス25に向けて注水することにより、ドライアイスの気化の促進を図り、そこに圧縮空気を流して、空気を冷却し、温度降下した低温空気を冷風排出口23を介して羽口給水配管に供給し、送風羽口4内に送り込んでこれを冷却する。
【0017】
即ち、上記の装置を利用すれば、元圧0.6MPa程度の常温の圧縮空気を、0.4Mpa程度の5〜10℃の低温空気(冷風)にできるから、その冷風を前記冷風排出口23から排出して、図示しない接続パイプ(ゴムホース)と冷却水供給パイプ5を接続して送風羽口4内に1 m3/min〜2 m3/min程度送り込み、羽口の急速な冷却を行うことができるようになる。
【0018】
その結果、送風羽口4は、短時間(30秒〜5分程度)のうちに冷却されて収縮を起こし、羽口フレーム2からの引き抜きが容易になる。
【0019】
【実施例】
この実施例は、高炉の送風羽口(520×460mm)の交換に当たって、この羽口を熱収縮させて引き抜く際に、従来の冷却水に代えて低温の空気を使って冷却することにより、該羽口の熱収縮を導いて引き抜いたときの結果を報告するものである。
なお、操業の条件は、使用する冷却空気は図2に示す低温空気発生装置にて、ドライアイス使用量3kg、冷却時間20〜60分間で約0.4MPaの10〜20℃の冷風を発生させ、これを冷却水供給パイプ5を通じて20〜60分間送風羽口に供給した。表1は、この実施例の下で水抜き放置時間、冷風送風時間、冷風温度を種々変化させたときの結果を示すものである。
ここで、引き抜き程度とは、送風羽口の炉内側端部に引き抜き金具の鉤部を引掛けてから、送風羽口が羽口冷却箱から外れるまでの時間が、3分以内の場合を「容易」、それ以上かかった場合を「難」として表に表わした。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0003741065
【0021】
上記表1に示すとおり、No.1,No.2,No.3の結果から水抜き放置時間は30分以上にすることが好ましく、低温空気(冷風)の通風時間はNo.4,No.5の結果からみて30秒以上が好ましく、そして、No.5,No.7,No.8から低温空気の温度は10℃程度以下であることが望ましいことがわかった。
それと同時に、本発明方法に従えば、送風羽口を支障なく引き抜くことができると共に、冷却水を通水するときのような鋳床作業員の退避や作業の中断の必要がなく、炉前作業能率の向上を図ることができる。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明は、送風羽口引き抜きのための羽口収縮を実現するのに低温の空気を用いることにしたので、水性ガス反応による爆発の危険がない状態の下で、送風羽口の補修、交換作業を能率よく安全に行うことができる。しかも、危険がなくなった分、他の高炉鋳床作業の継続が可能で作業ロスがなくなるという効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 高炉羽口まわりの略線図である。
【図2】 低温空気発生装置の一部切欠き断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 高炉鉄皮
2 羽口フレーム
3 羽口冷却箱
4 送風羽口
21 低温空気発生装置の容器本体[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of pulling out a blast furnace tuyere from a tuyere frame for replacement, repair, inspection, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The blast furnace tuyeres are provided at the lower part of the blast furnace in order to blow hot air into the furnace. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the blower tuyere. The inside of the furnace of the blast furnace in which the blower tuyere is disposed has a temperature exceeding 2000 ° C. due to combustion of the coke in the furnace accompanying the blowing of hot air. Therefore, the air blowing tuyere is generally provided with a passage through which cooling water flows so as not to be melted or damaged even in contact with this temperature (radiant heat), and has a copper water cooling structure.
However, since the hot metal and molten slag generated above the blower tuyeres flow down toward the lower part of the furnace, such hot hot metal and molten slag come into contact with the blower tuyere, so Melting could occur. Further, in recent years, pulverized coal injection operation from the blower tuyere has also been performed, and the flow of the pulverized coal collides with the inner wall of the blower tuyere, so that the blower tuyere may be worn early. It was.
[0003]
Under such circumstances, if the blower tuyere is damaged or damaged, the cooling water passage formed in the blower tuyere may be damaged, and the cooling water may leak out of the furnace. If the water leaks into the furnace, the heat inside the furnace will be rapidly lost, which will not only hinder the reduction and melting of the ore, but will also leak into the tuyere space above 2000 ° C. There was also a risk of a water vapor explosion resulting in a rapid water gas reaction. Therefore, when leakage of water due to damage to the blower tuyere is detected, the actual situation is that air blown immediately in the blast furnace is stopped to bring the air to a rest state, and the damaged blower tuyere is replaced.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 1, a general blower tuyere structure has a steel tuyere frame 2 fixed to an opening provided in the iron skin 1 at the bottom of the furnace. A water-cooled copper tubular member called a tuyere cooling box 3 is attached to the tip, and a blower tuyere 4 is attached to the tip of the tuyere cooling box 3 so as to face the inside of the furnace. The joint portion between the blower tuyere 4 and the tuyere cooling box 3 is mirror-finished and joined by frictional joining by close contact to form an airtight structure (gas seal). In this case, when the blower tuyere 4 is attached to the tip of the tuyere cooling box 3, the blower tuyere is inserted into the tip of the tuyere cooling box 3 so that the blower tuyere 4 is out of the furnace. A method is used in which the contact surface is brought into close contact by hitting the back surface.
[0005]
On the other hand, when it becomes necessary to pull out the blower tuyere 4 for repair or replacement, conventionally, an operation of inserting a pull-out metal fitting into the furnace inner end of the blower tuyere 4 and hooking it out is performed.
At this time, since the ventilation tuyere 4 is firmly in close contact with the tuyere cooling box 3 as described above, it cannot be easily removed simply by hooking and pulling out the hook part of the extraction fitting. The tuyere frame was deformed, and there was a problem that the tuyere frame 2 and the tuyere cooling box 3 had to be replaced.
[0006]
On the other hand, conventionally, when pulling out the blower tuyere 4, a method according to the following procedure has been adopted.
{Circle around (1)} First, the supply of cooling water to the blower tuyere is stopped, and high pressure air is sent into the cooling water passage to push out the remaining water in the cooling water passage to the outside.
(2) Next, leave in that state for a while and raise the temperature of the air tuyeres.
(3) When the temperature of the blower tuyere rises, the cooling water is supplied again into the cooling passage to rapidly lower the temperature of the blower tuyere.
{Circle around (4)} When the temperature of the blower tuyere has decreased to a certain extent, a pull-out fitting is inserted into the furnace inner end of the blower tuyere and hooked at that end, and the blower tuyere is pulled out.
The above procedure is employed for the purpose of facilitating the extraction of the air blowing tuyere by contracting it by cooling the heated air blowing tuyere and reducing the friction on the contact surface with the tuyere cooling box 3.
[0007]
However, in this method, there is no problem when the blower tuyere is not damaged. However, if the blower tuyere is damaged, the temperature of the blower tuyere is raised and then the cooling water is supplied again. Cooling water leaks from the damaged part into the furnace, and the water comes into contact with red hot coke in the furnace, leading to rapid generation of water vapor and reacting with red hot coke to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This reacts with the atmosphere, causing explosive combustion. There was a risk of a so-called steam explosion.
[0008]
For this reason, in the conventional pulling out operation of the blower tuyere, it is necessary to interrupt and evacuate the blast furnace casting floor work in the vicinity of the blower tuyere.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to reliably remove the danger of a steam explosion in the conventional extraction operation of the blower tuyere and to avoid the inconvenience of interruption of the peripheral work during the pullout operation. To propose a method.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on methods for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and realizing the above object of the present invention, the inventors have developed a new method according to the gist configuration described below. It reached. That is, the present invention stops the water supply to the blower tuyere and pulls out the cooling water in the blower tuyere when pulling out the water-cooled blower tuyere attached to the tuyere frame part of the blast furnace. The blast furnace is characterized in that the temperature is raised by allowing to stand, and then the low temperature air is circulated in the cooling water passage of the heated blower tuyere and rapidly cooled, and then the blower tuyere is pulled out. This is a method of pulling out the ventilation tuyere.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, as described above, low-temperature air is used in place of cooling water as the cooling air cooling means (refrigerant) for preparing the air blowing tuyere. That is, if air is used instead of water, even if the ventilation tuyere 4 is damaged, if the refrigerant leaking into the furnace is air, the air will contact the red hot coke in the furnace. This is because even if there is nothing, a rapid water gas reaction is not caused to cause a steam explosion.
[0012]
Therefore, in the present invention, when pulling out the blower tuyere, after stopping the blowing, the cooling water supply to the blower tuyere 4 is stopped, and then the high pressure into the cooling water passage of the blower tuyere 4 Air is sent to discharge the remaining cooling water in the passage to the outside.
[0013]
Next, the ventilation tuyere 4 is left as it is for a while (about 30 to 60 minutes) and is heated to about 250 ° C. This temperature can be easily measured using a contact-type surface thermometer or the like on the back of the tuyeres outside the furnace. The standing time is about 30 minutes or more, but even if the time is 60 minutes or more, the heat input from the red hot coke in the furnace to the tuyere and the removal to the tuyere cooling box that supports the tuyere. Since the heat reaches almost equilibrium, the temperature can be maintained at an appropriate temperature if the above time is maintained. Therefore, the operation for measuring the tuyere temperature does not necessarily have to be performed if the standing time can be set to about 30 minutes or more. Therefore, if there are multiple tuyere to be pulled out, drain the cooling water from the tuyere sequentially, leave each for a predetermined time, and about 30 minutes from the time of draining the first tuyere When the time has elapsed, the work can be efficiently performed by sequentially performing the drawing work.
[0014]
After that, low temperature (5 ° C to 10 ° C) air is fed into the ventilation tuyere cooling water passage for about 30 seconds to 5 minutes, and the temperature of the ventilation tuyere 4 is rapidly lowered from about 250 ° C to about 100 ° C. . Due to the temperature drop, the blower tuyere 4 contracts, and as a result, it becomes easy to come off due to the looseness or gap generated in the rubbing part with the tuyere cooling box 3. Therefore, a hook portion of a pull-out metal fitting is hooked on the furnace inner end of the blower tuyere 4, and the blower tuyere 4 is pulled out.
[0015]
In the present invention, since the tuyere heated to a certain degree is cooled and contracted by quenching low-temperature air, the effect of reducing friction with the tuyere cooling box 3 is utilized. A lower temperature is preferred. However, it has been found that air having a low temperature of about 5 to 10 ° C. can be obtained by simple means as described below, and that quenching with air of this temperature is sufficiently effective.
[0016]
In the said embodiment of this invention, you may supply using the low temperature air generator for exclusive use as said low temperature air used instead of cooling water. FIG. 2 shows an example of this. This apparatus is provided with an air inlet 22 and a cold air outlet 23 for a container body 21 having a portable heat insulating structure, and a water injection pipe 24 for promoting vaporization. In the container main body 21, a structure that can store the dry ice 25 via the opening / closing lid 26 is preferably used. In addition, from the water injection pipe 24 for promoting vaporization, water is injected toward the dry ice 25 to promote the vaporization of the dry ice. It is supplied to the tuyere water supply pipe through the cold air discharge port 23 and sent into the air blowing tuyere 4 to cool it.
[0017]
That is, if the above-mentioned apparatus is used, normal temperature compressed air having an original pressure of about 0.6 MPa can be converted to low temperature air (cold air) of about 5 to 10 ° C. of about 0.4 MPa, and the cold air is discharged from the cold air outlet 23. to, fed about 1 m 3 / min~2 m 3 / min to connect the cooling water supply pipe 5 and the connecting pipe (not shown) (rubber hose) blowing tuyeres 4, can make a rapid cooling of the tuyere become able to.
[0018]
As a result, the air blowing tuyere 4 is cooled and contracted in a short time (about 30 seconds to 5 minutes), and can be easily pulled out from the tuyere frame 2.
[0019]
【Example】
In this embodiment, when replacing the blast furnace tuyere (520 x 460 mm), when the tuyere is thermally contracted and pulled out, it is cooled by using low-temperature air instead of the conventional cooling water. We report the result when the tuyere is pulled out by heat contraction.
The operating condition is that the cooling air to be used is a low-temperature air generator shown in FIG. 2 and uses 3 kg of dry ice, and cool air of 10 to 20 ° C. of about 0.4 MPa is generated in a cooling time of 20 to 60 minutes. This was supplied to the ventilation tuyere through the cooling water supply pipe 5 for 20 to 60 minutes. Table 1 shows the results when the drainage leaving time, the cold air blowing time, and the cold air temperature are variously changed under this example.
Here, the degree of extraction refers to the case where the time from when the flange part of the extraction fitting is hooked to the furnace inner end of the ventilation tuyere until the ventilation tuyer is detached from the tuyere cooling box is within 3 minutes. “Easy” and more than that are shown as “difficult” in the table.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003741065
[0021]
As shown in Table 1 above, from the results of No.1, No.2, and No.3, it is preferable that the water draining time is 30 minutes or longer, and the ventilation time of low-temperature air (cold air) is No.4, From the result of No. 5, it was found that 30 seconds or more is preferable, and from No. 5, No. 7, and No. 8, it was found that the temperature of the low temperature air is desirably about 10 ° C. or less.
At the same time, according to the method of the present invention, the blower tuyere can be pulled out without hindrance, and there is no need for evacuation of the cast floor worker or interruption of the work as in the case of passing cooling water. Efficiency can be improved.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention uses low temperature air to realize tuyere contraction for air blower tuyere pulling, so that there is no danger of explosion due to water gas reaction. The repair and replacement of tuyere can be performed efficiently and safely. In addition, since there is no danger, it is possible to continue other blast furnace cast floor operations and to eliminate work loss.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram around a blast furnace tuyere.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway cross-sectional view of a low-temperature air generator.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Blast furnace iron skin
2 tuyere frame
3 tuyere cooling box
4 Fan tuyere
21 Container body of low-temperature air generator

Claims (1)

高炉の羽口フレーム部に装着された水冷構造の送風羽口を引き抜くにあたり、その送風羽口への給水を停止すると共に、送風羽口内の冷却水を除去し、その後しばらくは放置することにより昇温させ、次いで、その昇温した送風羽口の冷却水通路中に低温空気を流通させてこれを急冷した後に、該送風羽口の引き抜きを行うことを特徴とする高炉の送風羽口の引き抜き方法。When pulling out the water-cooled blower tuyere installed in the blast furnace tuyere frame, the water supply to the blower tuyere is stopped, the cooling water in the blower tuyere is removed, and then left for a while. Extracting the blast furnace air tuyeres, wherein the blast air tuyeres are withdrawn after the temperature is lowered and then the low temperature air is circulated in the cooling water passage of the heated air tuyeres to rapidly cool the air. Method.
JP2002070591A 2002-03-14 2002-03-14 How to pull out the blast furnace air tuyeres Expired - Fee Related JP3741065B2 (en)

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