JP3730934B2 - Surgical microscope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surgical microscope capable of changing the magnification of an image to be observed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the demand for minimally invasive surgery, surgery using a surgical microscope has been frequently performed in order to enable fine treatment. Usually, a surgical microscope has an optical system with a function of changing the observation magnification. For this reason, for example, in neurosurgery, the removal of a tumor and the prevention of malformation of a deformed blood vessel are prevented. Various treatments, such as treatments and even vascular anastomoses, can be performed under observation at the optimum magnification.
[0003]
In addition, the surgical site is not limited to a flat surface, but is often located in a deep part where the surgical part has been dug down. Therefore, particularly in the case of a surgical part in which a deep hole is formed, the illumination light for illuminating the surgical part is easily blocked at the entrance of the hole. In order to allow sufficient illumination light to reach the deep part, the optical axis of the illumination light is preferably closer to the optical axis of the observation light for observing the surgical site.
[0004]
For this reason, the optical axis of the illumination light for illuminating the surgical site (hereinafter referred to as the illumination optical axis) is placed close to the optical axis of the observation light for observing the surgical site (hereinafter referred to as the observation optical axis). Various types have been proposed in the past in which the observation optical axis and the illumination optical axis are aligned.
[0005]
For example, in a surgical microscope disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-257037, a semi-transmissive semi-reflective member is disposed directly below the observation optical system (on the optical axis), and the semi-transmission member is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the observation optical system. The illumination light beam is incident on the transmissive semi-reflective member, and the observation optical axis and the illumination optical axis are made to coincide with each other, so that the illumination light is irradiated onto the surgical site from a direction completely coincident with the observation optical axis.
[0006]
In addition, the surgical microscope disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3,011,950 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-73769 irradiates a large amount of illumination light in the deep hole when the surgical part is located in the deep hole. The illumination light emitted from the light source incorporated in the surgical microscope is divided into two systems, and the illumination light illumination axes are fixedly arranged at positions symmetrical to the observation optical axis. The illumination light is emitted from two determined directions toward the observation target.
[0007]
In the surgical microscope disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-44101 and Japanese Patent No. 2891923, a pair of left and right eyes respectively corresponding to the left and right eyes of the observer from a portion located above the object facing surface of the objective lens. The illumination optical system is configured to guide the illumination light beam to the surgical site through the intermediate region of the observation light beam, and the surgical site is illuminated from between the pair of left and right observation light beams.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the surgical microscope disclosed in JP-A-8-257037 has a transflective member disposed on the optical axis of the observation optical system, so that only half of the illumination light emitted from the light source can be guided to the observation target. Further, the illumination light beam that is reflected by the observation target and travels toward the observation optical system also passes through the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective member and is incident on the observation optical system. Therefore, the brightness observed by the observer is further reduced, and the amount of light is reduced. Will be about one-fourth the amount of light. Therefore, the surgeon must operate under a dark observation image or use an expensive high-intensity light source capable of emitting a very bright light amount with respect to the light amount necessary for observation.
[0009]
In the surgical microscopes of Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-44101 and Japanese Patent No. 2891923, the left and right observation optical systems corresponding to the left and right eyes of the observer are arranged on the left and right sides avoiding the illumination optical system located at the center. Therefore, the distance between the left and right observation light beams is greatly separated. Therefore, even if the illumination light beam reaches the bottom of the deep hole, the observation light beam is blocked by the edge of the entrance of the hole, and the bottom of the hole cannot be observed. In addition, the distance between the left and right observation light beams is greatly separated, and the microscope itself is even larger.
[0010]
In addition, in the surgical microscope disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3011950 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-73769, the illumination light is irradiated from the position symmetrical with respect to the observation optical axis toward the observation target. It is possible to brightly illuminate the inner wall of the deep hole as compared with the case, but the angle made by the illumination optical axis with respect to the observation optical axis itself is the same as in conventional microscopes, so the surgical site at the bottom of the deep hole is still The illumination light has not reached enough.
[0011]
The present invention has been made with the above circumstances in mind, and the object of the present invention is in the case where an observer treats a deep surgical site without losing illumination light or enlarging the microscope. An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical microscope capable of performing satisfactory observation by allowing sufficient illumination light to reach the surgical site even during high-magnification observation.
[0012]
[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 includes an objective lens into which a light beam from an observation target is incident;
A variable power lens system that receives a light beam from the objective lens and changes an observation magnification of the observation target; and
Observation means for observing an optical image formed based on the light flux from the zoom lens system;
An illumination optical system that is disposed in a space between the objective lens and the observation target and that can irradiate the observation target with illumination light;
The relative position between the optical member for illumination closest to the optical axis of the objective lens and the optical axis of the objective lens among the optical members constituting the illumination optical system corresponding to the zooming operation of the variable magnification lens system Change means to change
Comprising
The movable range of the illumination optical member moved by the changing means includes a position where the illumination optical member retracts to a position where the illumination optical member does not interfere with an observation light beam at the low magnification observation, and the low magnification at the high magnification observation. The surgical microscope has a position closer to the observation light beam than a position at the time of observation.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 2 includes an objective lens into which a light beam from an observation target is incident;
A variable power lens system that receives a light beam from the objective lens and changes an observation magnification of the observation target; and
An observation optical system that forms two observation light beams having parallax to obtain a stereoscopic image;
Observation means for observing an optical image formed on the basis of the two observation light beams from the observation optical system;
An illumination optical system that is disposed in a space between the objective lens and the observation target and that can irradiate the observation target with illumination light;
Among the optical members constituting the illumination optical system corresponding to the magnification operation of the variable magnification lens system, the illumination optical member closest to the optical axis of the objective lens is between the two observation light beams of the objective lens. Change means that is freely removable, and changes a relative position between the optical member for illumination and the optical axis of the objective lens;
The movable range of the illumination optical member moved by the changing means includes a position where the illumination optical member retracts to a position where it does not interfere with the two observation light beams at low magnification observation, and the illumination optical member at the high magnification observation. A surgical microscope characterized by having a position that enters between the two observation light beams.
[0014]
The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the changing means moves the illumination optical member in conjunction with a zooming operation from low magnification observation to high magnification observation based on the operation of the zoom lens system. The surgical microscope according to claim 1 or 2.
[0015]
According to the above configuration, when the magnification of the observation image is high, the illumination optical system can be brought closer to the objective lens without blocking the observation light beam, and closer to the observation optical axis than when the magnification is low. It is possible to irradiate the observation target with illumination light from the position.
In the invention according to claim 1, in addition to the above, since the illumination light does not pass through the objective lens, flare caused by the illumination light due to surface reflection of the objective lens does not occur.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(First embodiment)
A surgical microscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. 1 and 2 both show a schematic configuration of the surgical microscope viewed from the side, but FIG. 1 shows a state in which the observation object is observed at a low magnification, and FIG. 2 shows an observation object at a high magnification. The state of observing is shown.
[0017]
In the observation means of a stereoscopic microscope such as this surgical microscope, the optical system behind the objective lens forms a pair of left and right observation optical systems in order to give parallax corresponding to the left and right eyes of the observer. In FIG. 2 and FIG. 2, since the surgical microscope is viewed from the side, only one observation optical system is shown.
[0018]
Reference numeral 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an objective lens of an observation optical system (observation means), and this objective lens 1 has an observation target (operation part) 2 as a focal position. The objective lens 1 emits the incident light beam to the variable power lens system 3 as an afocal light beam. When the surgical microscope is viewed from the side as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the optical axis (observation optical axis L1) of the objective lens 1 and the variable power lens system 3 are aligned on the same straight line. appear.
[0019]
The angle of view of the light beam between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2 is different between when observing at a low magnification (FIG. 1) and when observing at a high magnification (FIG. 2). The angle of view in FIG. 1 observed at a low magnification is “A”, and the angle of view in FIG. 2 observed at a high magnification is “A ′”. In general, in a surgical microscope, the position of the pupil is away from the objective lens 1, so the image of the light beam when observing at a low magnification with respect to the field angle “A ′” of the light beam in a state of observing at a high magnification. The width of the corner “A” is wide.
[0020]
The magnifying lens system 3 of the observation optical system performs afocal magnifying on the light beam incident from the objective lens 1 and emits it again to the eyepiece optical system 4 as an afocal light beam.
[0021]
The eyepiece optical system 4 includes an imaging lens 5 and an eyepiece lens 6. The imaging lens 5 is disposed on the optical axis L1, and an afocal light beam emitted from the zoom lens system 3 is incident on the imaging lens 5. The light beam emitted from the imaging lens 5 is imaged at the imaging position 7 through the reflecting member 8 and the reflecting member 9. The eyepiece 6 enlarges the image connected to the imaging position 7 and allows the operator to observe it.
[0022]
The variable magnification lens system 3 includes three lenses 3a, 3b, and 3c. Particularly, the lenses 3a and 3c at both ends are fixed to the mirror housing 10 via a fixed lens frame (not shown), and the lens 3b positioned in the middle is It is fixed to a movable lens frame 11 that is movable along the observation optical axis L1. The moving lens frame 11 is guided by the guide shafts 12a and 12b to move along the observation optical axis L1. The moving lens frame 11 is provided with a fitting hole (not shown) through which the guide shafts 12a and 12b penetrate. The guide shafts 12a and 12b are disposed on the left and right of the observation optical axis L1 in the mirror housing 10, and are disposed in parallel with the observation optical axis L1. Both ends of the guide shafts 12 a and 12 b are supported by the mirror housing 10.
[0023]
A cam cylinder 13 is installed in the lens body housing 10 adjacent to one of the guide shafts 12a and having a rotation center axis disposed in parallel to the guide shaft 12a. The cam tube 13 is attached to the lens body housing 10 with an arrow in FIG. It is supported rotatably in the B direction. A cam groove 14 is formed on the outer periphery of the cam cylinder 13, and the other protruding end of a driven pin 15 having one end embedded and fixed to the moving lens frame 11 is fitted into and engaged with the cam groove 14. The cam cylinder 13 is rotationally driven by a motor 16 controlled by an external input means (not shown). The motor 16 has an output shaft 17 arranged coaxially with the cam cylinder 13, and the output shaft 17 is coaxially connected to the cam cylinder 13. The main body of the motor 16 is fixed to the mirror housing 10.
[0024]
On the other hand, a substantially cylindrical illumination housing 21 that houses an illumination light source of an illumination optical system, which will be described later, is attached to the front surface of the mirror housing 10 so that the inclination angle can be changed. In the illumination housing 21, an illumination light source 23 having a reflecting mirror 22, a condenser lens 24, a reflection member 25 for directing the emission direction of illumination light emitted from the illumination light source 23 toward the observation object 2, and the like are provided. ing. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optical axis (illumination optical axis) L2 of the illumination light beam emitted from the reflecting member 25 and directed toward the observation object 2 is a reflecting mirror 22 and an illumination light source arranged in the illumination housing 21. Compared with the optical axis L3 of the optical system by the lens 23 and the condenser lens 24, the lens housing 10 is adjacent to the mirror housing 10 with a partial deviation. The illumination optical system is disposed in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2, introduces illumination light from the side of the space, and irradiates the observation object 2 with the reflecting member 25. It is like that.
[0025]
The front end portion 21a of the illumination housing 21 incorporating the reflecting member 25 is bent so as to protrude toward the mirror housing 10 with respect to the other housing portions, and the front end portion 21a is formed with the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2. Projecting toward the observation optical axis L1. Optical axes L2 and L3 related to the illumination optical system are parallel. The reflecting member 25 may be a mirror or a prism.
[0026]
Next, an illumination light irradiation angle changing unit that changes the relative position of the objective lens 1 with respect to the observation optical axis L1 by changing the tilt angle of the illumination housing 21 and changing the illumination angle X will be described. Driven pins 31 a and 31 b are provided on the upper end side and the lower end side of the illumination housing 21, and the driven pins 31 a and 31 b are elongated holes 33 a and 32 a formed in wing-like portions 32 a and 32 b protruding from the lens body housing 10. Those corresponding to 33b are fitted separately. Each of the long holes 33a and 33b formed in the wing-like portions 32a and 32b is formed in an arc shape whose center coincides with one point of the observation object 2. The corresponding follower pins 31a and 31b are slidably fitted in the elongated holes 33a and 33b, respectively, so that the illumination housing 21 is supported by the mirror housing 10 and at the same time the observation object 2 is mounted. Can be tilted around the position.
[0027]
The spring housing portions 35 and 36 are disposed on the mirror housing 10 and the illumination housing 21 so as to face each other. A tension spring 37 is installed on the spring hooks 35 and 36. That is, one end of the tension spring 37 is hung on the spring hook 35 of the mirror housing 10, and the other end of the tension spring 37 is hung on the spring hook 36 of the illumination housing 21. The tension spring 37 always pulls and urges the illumination housing 21 toward the mirror housing 10.
[0028]
A restricting protrusion 38 is integrally formed on the movable lens frame 11 of the variable magnification lens system 3, and the restricting protrusion 38 protrudes toward the illumination housing 21. The restricting protrusion 38 passes through the window 39 opened in the side wall of the mirror housing 10, is exposed to the outside of the mirror housing 10, and its tip abuts against and contacts the side surface of the illumination housing 21. Although the length of the restricting protrusion 38 is not changed per se, the illumination housing 21 is appropriately tilted by moving up and down together with the moving lens frame 11. In addition, the observation light beam having the width of the angle of view “A” when observing at a low magnification and the observation light beam having a width of the angle of view “A ′” when observing at a high magnification are not overlapped. The length to be regulated is always set so that the tip 21a of the illumination housing 21 is as close as possible to the observation light beam. That is, in the state of FIG. 1 in which observation is performed at a low magnification, the movable lens frame 11 is lowered, and the amount of push of the illumination housing 21 is changed, so that the front end portion 21a of the illumination housing 21 has an angle of view “A”. 2 in the state of FIG. 2 where the observation light beam is as close as possible to the observation light beam region and is observed at a high magnification, even if it does not overlap the observation light beam region of “A ′”. It is located as close as possible to the area of the observation beam.
[0029]
Next, the operation of the surgical microscope of this embodiment will be described. The light emitted from the illumination light source 23 illuminates the observation object 2 obliquely from the side of the observation optical axis L1 between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2 via the condenser lens 24 and the reflection member 25. The illumination light reflected from the observation object 2 enters the objective lens 1, passes through the variable power lens system 3 and the imaging lens 5, and an image is formed with parallax at the imaging position 7 by the eyepiece 6. The surgeon 40 magnifies and observes the image.
[0030]
Incidentally, in the observation state at a low magnification shown in FIG. 1, the angle X formed by the observation optical axis L1 and the illumination optical axis L2 is relatively large according to the width of the field angle A of the observation light beam. When converting from this state to a state in which observation is performed at a high magnification, the motor 16 is driven by an external input means (not shown). Then, the cam cylinder 13 connected to the motor 16 rotates. When the cam cylinder 13 rotates, the movable lens frame 11 fitted to the guide shafts 12a and 12b moves upward along the observation optical axis L1 through the driven pin 15 engaged with the cam groove 14. As a result, the moving lens frame 11 is located at the upper position shown in FIG. As the moving lens frame 11 moves, the protrusion 38 integrated with the moving lens frame 11 is also displaced, so that the illumination housing 21 in contact with the protrusion 38 is also tilted and displaced.
[0031]
The operation of tilting and displacing the illumination housing 21 is performed as follows. First, since the protruding portion 38 moves upward in parallel with the observation optical axis L1, the protruding portion 38 is disposed at an angle with respect to the observation optical axis L1, as shown in FIG. Further away from the side surface of the lighting housing 21. However, since the illumination housing 21 is urged so as to be pulled toward the mirror housing 10 by the tension spring 37, the illumination housing 21 always tends to be displaced in contact with the tip of the protruding portion 38. Further, since the driven pins 31a and 31b are engaged with the arc-shaped elongated holes 33a and 33b, the driven pins 31a and 31b are elongated holes 33a formed so as to be centered on the position of the observation object 2. , 33b. As a result, the illumination housing 21 tilts so that the illumination optical axis L2 always passes through the center of the observation object 2.
[0032]
Then, the illumination housing 21 is displaced from the state of FIG. 1 to the state of FIG. Then, the angle formed by the illumination optical axis L2 and the observation optical axis L1 becomes small, and the angle is indicated by the symbol Y in FIG. In this case, the most protruding tip 21a, which is a part of the illumination housing 21, approaches the observation optical axis L1. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the field angle A ′ of the observation light beam in the high magnification observation state is smaller than the field angle A of the observation light beam in the low magnification observation state shown in FIG. It does not interfere with observation. Therefore, the operator 40 can clearly observe the observation object 2 at a high magnification.
[0033]
As described above, according to the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of this embodiment, the angle of the illumination optical axis L2 with respect to the observation optical axis L1 is reduced in conjunction with the operator changing the observation magnification from the low magnification to the high magnification. Thus, since the illumination optical axis L2 approaches the observation optical axis L1, even when observing the inside of a surgical site that has become a deep hole that is often observed at a high magnification, It can be observed by irradiating with sufficient illumination light. Further, since the illumination optical system member is retracted to a position where the observation light beam is not displaced in observation at each magnification, observation is not hindered. Furthermore, since an illumination optical system is disposed in the space between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2, the illumination light beam is directed to the observation object 2 by the reflecting member 25 disposed under the objective lens 1, and the objective Since the lens 1 does not pass, there is no adverse effect on the observation system due to surface reflection of the objective lens 1 such as flare.
[0034]
(Second Embodiment)
A surgical microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 is a side view of the surgical microscope when the observation target is observed at a low magnification, FIG. 4 is a view of a part shown in FIG. 3 from above, and FIG. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an observation optical system when observing an observation target at a high magnification. In the present embodiment, the same components as those of the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0035]
In the present embodiment, both the observation optical system and the illumination optical system are built in the mirror housing 41. Unlike the moving lens frame 11 described in the first embodiment, the lens frame 42 that supports the lens 3b of the variable magnification lens system 3 does not have the protruding portion 38. The cam cylinder 13 is provided with a first gear 43 at one end thereof. A second gear 47 fixed to the output shaft 46 of the first motor 45 is engaged with the first gear 43. When the first motor 45 is controlled and driven by an external input means (not shown), the cam cylinder 13 is rotated via the first gear 43 and the second gear 47. An input shaft 49 of an encoder 48 is connected to one end of the cam cylinder 13, and the rotation angle of the cam cylinder 13 is detected by the encoder 48.
[0036]
The illumination optical system can irradiate the observation target with illumination light, and is disposed in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2. The illumination optical system is provided with a reflecting member 51 made of a prism for deflecting the illumination light emitted from the condenser lens 24 toward the observation object 2, and the reflecting member 51 is supported by the prism frame 52. Near the objective lens 1 and below the objective lens 1, the objective lens 1 is disposed in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2.
[0037]
The prism frame 52 has a rotation shaft 53 that extends in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and a third gear 54 is formed at the rotating end of the prism frame 52. A fitting hole 56 for fitting the rotation shaft 53 of the prism frame 52 is provided in the illumination housing 55 containing the illumination optical system. The illumination housing 55 is provided with a fitting hole 57 different from the fitting hole 56, and the rotation shaft 59 of the fourth gear 58 is fitted into the fitting hole 57. The fourth gear 58 is in meshing relation with the third gear 54, and the output shaft of the second motor 61 disposed on the same axis as the shaft center is connected to the rotation shaft 59 of the fourth gear 58. The second motor 61 is controlled by the first control circuit 62 at a rotation angle corresponding to the counter value of the encoder 48.
[0038]
The mirror housing 41 is provided with two guide shafts 64a and 64b supported so as to be arranged in parallel to the illumination optical axis 63. The guide shafts 64a and 64b are respectively connected to the illumination housing 55 and the illumination optical axis 63. Are slidably fitted to fitting holes 65a and 65b formed in parallel with the fitting holes 65a and 65b. Accordingly, the entire illumination housing 55 is slidable in the direction of the illumination optical axis 63 along the guide shafts 64a and 64b.
[0039]
A rack 71 is provided on the outer surface of the illumination housing 55, and the rack 71 is engaged with a pinion 72 provided in the mirror housing 41. The rotation shaft 73 of the pinion 72 is connected to the output shaft of the third motor 67. The rotation angle of the third motor 67 is controlled by the second control circuit 75 according to the counter value of the encoder 48. This constitutes a changing means for moving the illumination optical system and changing the relative position of the objective lens 1 with respect to the optical axis.
[0040]
Next, the operation of the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of this embodiment will be described. When the first motor 45 is driven by external input means, the second gear 47 fixed to the output shaft 46 of the first motor 45 rotates. The rotation of the second gear 47 is transmitted to the first gear 43, and the cam cylinder 13 rotates. When the cam cylinder 13 rotates, the lens frame 42 supporting the lens 3b of the variable magnification lens system 3 is moved, so that the observation magnification is changed. At this time, the rotation angle of the cam cylinder 13 is detected by the encoder 48, and the information is transmitted to the first control circuit 62 and the second control circuit 75. The first control circuit 62 and the second control circuit 75 each perform a predetermined calculation to be described later based on the information sent from the encoder 48, and the second motor 61 and the third motor by an angle based on the obtained calculation result. 67 is rotated.
[0041]
First, when the second motor 61 rotates, the fourth gear 58 rotates, and the rotation is transmitted to the third gear 54. As a result, the prism frame 52 rotates around the rotation axis 53, and the reflecting member 51 supported by the prism frame 52 also rotates simultaneously. Therefore, the angle of the illumination light 76 emitted from the reflecting member 51 is changed in the direction of arrow C in FIG.
[0042]
Further, when the third motor 67 rotates, the pinion 72 that meshes with the rack 71 of the illumination housing 55 rotates, whereby the illumination housing 55 moves in the horizontal direction along the guide shafts 64a and 64b. Further, since the reflection member 51 is supported by the illumination housing 55 via the prism frame 52, the reflection member 51 moves together with the illumination housing 55. Therefore, the direction of the illumination light 76 emitted from the reflecting member 51 is changed to the arrow D direction as shown in FIG.
[0043]
As described above, the relative position between the illumination optical system and the optical axis of the objective lens 1 is changed by the rotation of the second motor 61 and the third motor 67, and at the same time, the illumination optical axis L2 achieves rotation and horizontal movement. However, the first control circuit 62 and the second control circuit 75 rotate the second motor 61 and the third motor 67 so that the illumination optical axis L2 is always directed to the observation object 2 in any state. Control the angle. Therefore, the angle X ′ formed by the observation optical axis L1 and the illumination optical axis L2 shown in FIG. 3 showing the low magnification observation state is larger than the angle X ′ in the high magnification observation state shown in FIG. Thus, a small angle Y ′ is obtained.
[0044]
As described above, according to the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of the present embodiment, the observation optical axis L1 is interlocked with the operation of the surgeon 40 changing the observation magnification from the low magnification to the high magnification as in the first embodiment. The angle of the illumination optical axis L2 with respect to becomes closer. For this reason, even when observing a surgical site in a deep hole that is often observed at a high magnification, observation can be performed with the illumination light sufficiently irradiated to the site to be observed, and observation at a low magnification. In, the passage of the observation light beam is not hindered by the members of the illumination optical system. Furthermore, since the illumination light beam is directed to the observation target by the reflecting member 51 of the illumination optical system disposed under the objective lens 1 and does not pass through the objective lens 1, the illumination light flux is directed to the observation system by surface reflection of the objective lens 1 such as flare. There is no adverse effect. Since the illumination housing 55 is built in the mirror housing 41, the entire apparatus becomes compact.
[0045]
(Third embodiment)
A surgical microscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the surgical microscope in a state where the observation target part is observed at a low magnification, and FIG. 8 is a side view of the surgical microscope in a state where the observation target part is observed at a high magnification. It is explanatory drawing seen from. In the present embodiment, components common to the first embodiment and the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
[0046]
In the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment, the fitting member 56 that supports the rotating shaft 53 of the prism frame 52 that supports the reflecting member 51 is provided in the moving member 81. The moving member 81 is supported by a ball screw 82 disposed horizontally. Both ends of the ball screw 82 are supported by bearing portions 83 a and 83 b provided in the mirror housing 10. The ball screw 82 is parallel to the illumination optical axis 63 of the illumination optical system.
[0047]
An output shaft of a motor 84 is connected to one end of the ball screw 82, and the rotation angle of the motor 84 is controlled by information from the encoder 48. The moving member 81 is formed with a screw hole 85 screwed into the ball screw 82 and a flat portion 86. The plane portion 86 is surface-bonded to a guide plane 87 provided in the lens body housing 10, thereby preventing the moving member 81 itself from rotating. Since both surface portions 86 and 87 are parallel to the axis of the ball screw 82, the movement of the moving member 81 is not prevented. By rotating the ball screw 82 by the motor 84, the moving member 81 only moves in a direction parallel to the illumination optical axis 63 of the illumination optical system, and the plane portion 86 and the guide plane 87 are in contact with each other. 81 does not rotate with respect to the ball screw 82.
[0048]
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a tension spring 88 is installed on one end of the prism frame 52 that supports the reflecting member 51 and the moving member 81. One end of the prism frame 52 and the moving member 81 are provided with spring hook portions 91 and 92 for hooking a tension spring 88, respectively. One end of the tension spring 88 is hooked on the spring hooking portion 91 of the prism frame 52, and the other end of the tension spring 88 is hooked on the spring hooking portion 92 of the moving member 81. Therefore, the prism frame 52 is pulled toward the moving member 81 and is urged so as to rotate in the direction indicated by F in FIG.
[0049]
A restricting piece 93 is integrally projected at the other lower end of the prism frame 52. The restricting piece 93 hits the positioning pin 94 provided on the mirror housing 41, and the restricting piece 93 always abuts against the positioning pin 94 by the urging action of the tension spring 88. The rotation angle of the prism frame 52 in the direction of rotation about the rotation shaft 53 is regulated by the contact action with the positioning pin 94. Here, the position of the positioning pin 94 is a position where the illumination light beam emitted from the reflecting member 51 is always directed to the observation object 2 regardless of the position at which the moving member 81 is moved by the rotation of the ball screw 82. It is arranged at a specific place to be regulated so as to become. The illumination optical system is disposed in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2 and can irradiate the observation target 2 with illumination light.
[0050]
Next, the operation of the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of this embodiment will be described. When the motor 84 is rotated by the information from the encoder 48, the ball screw 82 is fixed to the output shaft of the motor 84, and thus rotates by the same angle. When the ball screw 82 rotates, the moving member 81 having the screw portion 95 screwed with the ball screw 82 moves in the direction of arrow E shown in FIG.
[0051]
When the moving member 81 moves in this way, the prism frame 52 supported by the moving member 81 also tries to move together. However, since the restricting piece 93 is in contact with the positioning pin 94, the prism frame 52 is moved. Simultaneously with the movement, rotation occurs in the direction of arrow F about the rotation axis 53. As a result, the low magnification observation state shown in FIG. 7 is changed to the high magnification observation state shown in FIG. Be made.
[0052]
As described above, according to the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of the present embodiment, the observation magnification is changed from the low magnification to the high magnification in the same manner as the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above. As the illumination optical axis approaches the observation optical axis, even when observing inside a deep hole that is often observed at high magnification, the illumination light can be sufficiently irradiated to the observation target part, and bright illumination In addition to being able to observe in a state, even in observation at a low magnification, the observation optical flux is cast by the member of the illumination optical system and observation is not hindered. Further, since the illumination light beam is directed to the observation target by the reflecting member 51 disposed below the objective lens 1 and does not pass through the objective lens 1, there is an adverse effect on the observation system due to surface reflection of the objective lens 1 such as flare. Absent. Further, the illumination light irradiation angle changing means can be configured at low cost, for example, only one motor is required to move the illumination system.
[0053]
(Fourth embodiment)
A surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a view of the surgical microscope as viewed from the side, and FIG. 10 is a view of the operation microscope as viewed from below. In the present embodiment, components common to those in the first to third embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. Here, an explanation will be given focusing on an illumination optical system that is arranged in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2 and that irradiates illumination light toward the observation object.
[0054]
In FIG. 9, L1 ′ and L1 ″ indicate the central axes of the left and right observation light beams each having a parallax for stereoscopic viewing, and reference numerals 100 and 101 shown in FIG. The diameters of these observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ at the time are respectively shown. Further, reference numerals 102 and 103 shown in FIG. 9B represent the diameters of these observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ at the time of high magnification observation.
[0055]
Reference numeral 104 shown in FIG. 9 denotes a reflecting member for bending the traveling direction of light emitted from the illumination light source 23 of the illumination means toward the observation object 2. The reflecting member 104 is fixedly held on the prism frame 105 by adhesion or the like. The prism frame 105 is supported by a horizontal movement mechanism such as a guide shaft (not shown), and constitutes changing means that can move in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the observation light beam L1. A lever 106 is formed at a part of the prism frame 105, for example, at the rear end. The lever 106 protrudes outside the microscope main body (not shown), and the prism frame 105 can be moved by using the lever 106. It is like that. In addition, the observation system is interlocked with the operation of the lever 106, and control to change between high magnification and low magnification is performed.
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 9B, the reflecting member 104 is integrally formed with a protrusion 120 protruding toward the intermediate position between the left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″, and this protrusion 120 is also an illumination optical system. The shape of the protrusion 120 protrudes between the center positions of the left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″, and the width on the tip side is narrow, for example, FIG. 9B shows a triangular shape. The protrusion 120 constitutes an optical element that can be inserted between the two observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″.
[0057]
Next, when the observer observes the observation object 2 at a low magnification, the reflecting member 104 is arranged at a position represented by a solid line in FIG. The left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ for forming a stereoscopic view are larger than those at the time of high magnification, but the reflection member 104 is at a position retracted from the observation optical axis L1, so that the reflection member 104 is the observation light beam. L1 ′ and L1 ″ are not blocked.
[0058]
Further, when it is desired to control the variable power lens system 3 to observe the observation object 2 at a high magnification, the observer moves the lever 106 in the direction of arrow G in the figure. As a result, the arrangement of the reflecting member 104 is changed to the position indicated by the broken line in FIG. 9, and the reflecting member 104 has its observation optical axis L1 ′ and the position where it does not block the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″. It approaches L1 ". However, at the time of high magnification, the left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ for forming a stereoscopic view are smaller than those at the time of low magnification, so that the reflecting member 104 comes closer to the observation optical axes L1 ′ and L1 ″. be able to.
[0059]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, a part of the reflecting member 104 of the illumination optical system close to the objective lens 1 enters between the two observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″, and the two observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ′ and Since the shape is effective to avoid L1 ″, when the operator changes the observation magnification from the low magnification to the high magnification, the position of the illumination light beam is made closer to the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ by the changing means. Therefore, even when observing inside a deep hole that is often observed at a high magnification, it is possible to observe the portion to be observed with sufficient illumination light and to observe at a low magnification. In FIG. 5, the illumination optical system members do not hinder the passage of the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″.
[0060]
Further, since the protrusion 120 of the reflecting member 104 enters between the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ within a range that does not block the left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″, the projection light beam L1 ′ and L1 ″ do not occupy the region. The protrusion 120 can be positioned, and the dead space between the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ can be effectively used to improve the reflection efficiency and at the same time the center of the illumination light beam can be observed compared to the case without the protrusion 120. It can be brought close to the light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″.
[0061]
As in the embodiment described above, the illumination optical axis approaches the observation optical axis in conjunction with the observation magnification being changed from a low magnification to a high magnification. Therefore, even when observing a deep hole that is often observed at a high magnification, it is possible to sufficiently irradiate the observation target site with illumination light. Further, even in observation at a low magnification, the observation light beam is scattered by the member of the illumination optical system, and observation is not hindered.
[0062]
(Fifth embodiment)
A surgical microscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG. 10A is a schematic view of the surgical microscope in a state where the observation object 2 is being observed at a low magnification, as viewed from the side, and FIG. 10B is a schematic view of the microscope viewed from below. is there. FIG. 11A is a schematic view of the surgical microscope in a state where the observation target is being observed at a high magnification, as viewed from the side, and FIG. 11B is a view of the microscope from below. In addition, in this embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the component which is common in the thing of the 1st-4th embodiment mentioned above, and the description is abbreviate | omitted. Here, an explanation will be given focusing on an illumination optical system that is disposed in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2 and that can irradiate the observation object with illumination light.
[0063]
In the figure, reference numeral 107 denotes a reflecting member for bending the light emitted from the illumination light source 23 in the illuminating means toward the observation object 2, and the reflecting member 107 is the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 during the low magnification observation. ”Is fixedly disposed so as to be close to the diameters 100 and 101. Here, an optical axis of a light beam that is emitted from the reflecting member 107 and travels toward the observation object 2 is denoted by L3.
[0064]
Below the reflecting member 107, a prism 108 having a parallelogram shape as viewed from above is disposed. The parallelogram prism 108 is attached and held to the prism frame 109 by bonding or the like. The prism frame 109 is movable in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the observation light beam L1, and is moved in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the observation light beam L1 by a changing unit described later. As shown in FIG. 10B, the horizontal width of the parallelogram prism 108 is such that the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ can enter without observing the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ during high magnification observation. . The parallelogram prism 108 constitutes an optical element of the illumination optical system that can be inserted between the two observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″.
[0065]
A rack 110 is formed on the bottom surface of the prism frame 109. A pinion 111 that meshes with the rack 110 is disposed below the prism frame 109. The rotation shaft 112 of the pinion 111 is rotatably supported by a microscope body (not shown). The rotating shaft 112 protrudes to the outside of the microscope main body, and a rotation operation knob (not shown) is fixed to the protruding end portion.
[0066]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When the observer observes the observation object 2 at a low magnification, the parallelogram prism 108 is at the position shown in FIG. 11, that is, the position not overlapping the emission surface 121 of the reflecting member 107. Therefore, the light emitted from the illumination light source 23 is not incident on the parallelogram prism 108, and as a result, is an angle X ′ formed by the observation optical axis L1 and the illumination optical axis L3.
[0067]
When the observer controls the zoom lens system 3 and observes the observation object 2 at a high magnification, the observer rotates the operation knob (not shown) in the direction of arrow H in FIG. Since the pinion 111 is rotated by the rotation given to the operation knob, the prism frame 109 having the rack 110 that meshes with the pinion 111 moves in the direction of arrow J in FIG. As a result, the parallelogram prism 108 enters the lower region of the objective lens 1, and the state shown in FIG. 10, that is, the incident surface 113 of the parallelogram prism 108 is located below the reflecting member 107 and the parallelogram. The second reflecting surface 114 formed at the tip of the shaped prism 108 is placed on the observation optical axis L1.
[0068]
When the observation object 2 is observed at a high magnification, the light beam diameters 102 and 103 are smaller than the light beam diameters 100 and 101 when observed at a low magnification, and the parallelogram prism 108 reflects these light beams. It can be placed between the luminous fluxes without blocking. Therefore, a part of the illumination light beam emitted from the reflecting member 107 is incident on the parallelogram prism 108, and the incident light beam is reflected twice by the parallelogram prism 108 and then the observation optical axis. It emits toward the observation object 2 as a light beam having the same axis as L1.
[0069]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the operator changes the observation magnification to a low magnification, the position of the illumination light beam with respect to the observation light beam can be brought close, so that a deep hole often observed at a high magnification can be obtained. In the case of observing the inside, it is possible to observe with the illumination light sufficiently irradiated to the observation target portion, and also in the observation at a low magnification, the passage of the observation light beam is not hindered by the member of the illumination optical system. In particular, in this embodiment, when observing at a high magnification, the illumination light can be directed to the observation target from between a pair of left and right optical systems constituting the observation optical system of the actual microscope, so that observation is performed in a deep hole. The lighting effect is greatly improved.
[0070]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be applied to other forms. According to the above description, the items listed below and items obtained by arbitrarily combining the items listed below can be obtained.
[0071]
(Appendix 1) an objective lens into which a light beam from an observation target is incident;
A variable power lens system that receives a light beam from the objective lens and changes an observation magnification of the observation target; and
Observation means for observing an optical image formed based on the light flux from the zoom lens system;
An illumination optical system that is disposed in a space between the objective lens and the observation target and that can irradiate the observation target with illumination light;
A surgical microscope comprising: changing means for changing a relative position between at least a part of the illumination optical system and the optical axis of the objective lens.
[0072]
(Appendix 2) an objective lens into which a light beam from an observation target is incident;
An illumination optical system for illuminating the observation object with illumination light;
A variable power lens system that receives a light beam from the objective lens and changes an observation magnification of the observation target; and
An observation optical system that forms two observation light beams having parallax to obtain a stereoscopic image;
Observation means for observing an optical image formed on the basis of the two observation light beams from the observation optical system;
At least one optical element of the illumination optical system is inserted between the two observation light beams in accordance with a magnification operation for the observation target of the magnification lens system, and a relative position between the optical element and the optical axis of the objective lens And a changing means for changing the operating microscope.
[0073]
(Supplementary Note 3) The changing means moves at least a part of the illumination optical system to the light of the objective lens in conjunction with a zooming operation from low magnification observation to high magnification observation based on the operation of the zoom lens system. The surgical microscope according to appendix 1 or appendix 2, wherein the surgical microscope is displaced so as to approach the axis.
[0074]
(Additional remark 4) The said change means changes the relative angle and relative distance of the illumination optical axis which goes to the observation object with respect to the optical axis of the said objective lens, The surgical microscope of Additional remark 1 or Additional remark 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0075]
(Supplementary Note 5) The changing unit is configured so that the entire illumination optical system is based on the approximate center of the observation target so that the illumination light emitted from the illumination optical system is tilted with respect to the approximate center position of the observation target. The surgical microscope according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the surgical microscope moves in a circular arc shape.
[0076]
(Additional remark 6) The said change means changes the relative angle of the optical axis of the illumination light which irradiates the reflective member which the said illumination optical system has from this reflective member toward the said observation object, and the said objective lens And the whole or a part of the illumination optical system is moved in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the objective lens, and the rotation and movement of the optical axis of the illumination light is performed on the object to be observed. The surgical microscope according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, which is inclined with respect to a substantially center.
[0077]
(Supplementary note 7) The width of the member constituting the illumination optical system inserted between the two observation optical axes having the parallax is smaller than the interval between the light beam diameters of the two observation light beams. 2. The surgical microscope according to 2.
[0078]
(Supplementary note 8) The member constituting the illumination optical system inserted between the two observation light beams having the parallax has a shape that becomes thinner toward the tip so as to avoid the two observation light beams. The surgical microscope described.
[0079]
(Additional remark 9) It consists of the objective lens which forms the afocal light beam by the light beam from the observation object and a plurality of lens groups, the light beam from the objective lens is incident, and the movement included in the plurality of lens groups A variable power lens system that performs variable power by displacing the lens, an imaging lens that forms an image by entering a light beam from the variable power lens system, and an eyepiece that expands the formed image An observation optical system including an eyepiece optical system included,
An illumination optical system for illuminating the observation object with illumination light;
Along with the displacement of the moving lens of the zoom lens system, the relative angle of the illumination optical axis of the illumination optical system with respect to the observation optical axis of the observation optical system is changed, and the high magnification is higher than that at the time of low magnification observation. An operating microscope comprising illumination light irradiation angle changing means for bringing an illumination optical axis closer to an observation optical axis during observation.
[0080]
(Supplementary Note 10) The illumination light irradiation angle changing means displaces the member of the illumination optical system so that the distance from the optical axis of the observation optical system changes in accordance with the displacement of the moving lens of the variable power lens system. The operating microscope according to appendix 9.
[0081]
(Supplementary Note 11) The illumination light irradiation angle changing means is configured so that the illumination optical system as a whole is substantially the same as the observation target so that the illumination light emitted from the illumination optical system is tilted with reference to the approximate center position of the observation target. The surgical microscope according to appendices 9 and 10, which moves in an arc shape with respect to the center.
[0082]
(Additional remark 12) The illumination light irradiation angle changing means is configured such that the reflection member of the illumination optical system has a relative relationship between an optical axis of illumination light irradiated from the reflection member and directed to the observation target and an optical axis of the objective lens. A member of the illumination optical system that is rotated to change the angle and does not include the reflecting member is moved in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective lens, and the optical axis of the illumination light is rotated and moved. The surgical microscope according to appendices 9, 10, and 11, wherein the angle is tilted with respect to the approximate center of the observation target.
[0083]
(Additional remark 13) The said illumination optical system has a reflection member arrange | positioned below the said objective lens, and the illumination light radiate | emitted from the said illumination light source is deflected so that it may go to an observation object by the said reflection member, The operating microscope according to appendices 9, 10, 11, 12.
[0084]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, illumination light can reach the surgical site sufficiently even in deep and narrow holes that are often observed at high magnification, and illumination is possible at low magnification. Since the optical system does not hinder the passage of the observation light beam, the operator can always perform the operation while ensuring a bright field of view. Therefore, the surgical efficiency can be significantly improved as compared with the conventional case.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view seen from the side when observing an observation target of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention at a low magnification.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view seen from the side when observing the observation target of the surgical microscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention at a high magnification.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view seen from the side when observing an observation target of a surgical microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention at a low magnification.
FIG. 4 is a view of a part of a surgical microscope according to the second embodiment of the present invention as viewed from above.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a control system of a surgical microscope according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an observation optical system when an observation target of a surgical microscope according to the second embodiment of the present invention is observed at a high magnification.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view seen from the side when observing an observation target of a surgical microscope according to the third embodiment of the present invention at a low magnification.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view seen from the side when observing an observation target of a surgical microscope according to the third embodiment of the present invention at a high magnification.
9A is an explanatory view of a surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention viewed from the side, and FIG. 9B is an explanatory view of the surgical microscope viewed from below.
10A is an explanatory view of a surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention viewed from the side, and FIG. 10B is an explanatory view of the surgical microscope viewed from below.
11A is an explanatory view of a surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the side, and FIG. 11B is an explanatory view of the microscope as viewed from below.
[Explanation of symbols]
L1 ... Observation optical axis
L2: Illumination optical axis
A ... Angle of view
Y ... Angle
1 ... Objective lens
2 ... Observation target
3 ... Variable lens system
4 ... Eyepiece optical system
8 ... Reflection member
10 ... Mirror housing
11 ... Moving lens frame
13 ... Cam cylinder
15 ... Follower pin
16 ... Motor
21 ... Lighting housing
23. Illumination light source
24 ... Condenser lens
25 ... Reflection member

Claims (3)

An objective lens into which the light beam from the observation target is incident;
A variable power lens system that receives a light beam from the objective lens and changes an observation magnification of the observation target; and
Observation means for observing an optical image formed based on the light flux from the zoom lens system;
An illumination optical system that is disposed in a space between the objective lens and the observation target and that can irradiate the observation target with illumination light;
The relative position between the optical member for illumination closest to the optical axis of the objective lens and the optical axis of the objective lens among the optical members constituting the illumination optical system corresponding to the zooming operation of the variable magnification lens system Change means to change
Comprising
The changing means retracts the illuminating optical member to a position where it does not interfere with the observation light beam during low-magnification observation, and causes the illumination optical member to move to the observation light beam more than the position during low-magnification observation during high-magnification observation. A surgical microscope characterized by being moved to an approaching position. An objective lens into which the light beam from the observation target is incident;
A variable power lens system that receives a light beam from the objective lens and changes an observation magnification of the observation target; and
An observation optical system that forms two observation light beams having parallax to obtain a stereoscopic image;
Observation means for observing an optical image formed on the basis of the two observation light beams from the observation optical system;
An illumination optical system that is disposed in a space between the objective lens and the observation target and that can irradiate the observation target with illumination light;
Among the optical members constituting the illumination optical system corresponding to the magnification operation of the variable magnification lens system, the illumination optical member closest to the optical axis of the objective lens is between the two observation light beams of the objective lens. Change means that is freely removable, and changes a relative position between the optical member for illumination and the optical axis of the objective lens;
Comprising
The changing means moves the illumination optical member to a position where it does not interfere with the two observation light beams during low magnification observation, and moves the illumination optical member to a position where the illumination optical member enters between the two observation light beams during high magnification observation. A surgical microscope characterized by being caused to cause.   2. The illumination optical member according to claim 1, wherein the changing unit moves the illumination optical member in conjunction with a zooming operation from low magnification observation to high magnification observation based on an operation of the zoom lens system. 2. The surgical microscope according to 2.

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