JP3724668B2 - Machining center - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a machining center in which a column is horizontally movable with respect to a main body bed, a spindle head is provided on the column so as to be movable up and down, and a tool magazine and a tool changer are provided on the main body side. The present invention relates to a machining center configured to unclamp the spindle tool by a rotating cam of a tool changer on the main body bed side when changing the tool of the spindle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional machining centers are disclosed in (1) Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Nos. 60-113849 and 61-103747. In these machining centers, a tool changer including an exchange arm and a spindle for inserting a tool at the tip are provided on a moving column that can move horizontally with respect to the main body bed, and the tool changer rotates when the tool on the spindle is changed. Tool rotation was performed by rotating the cam with a swivel shaft having a tool change arm and reciprocating in the swivel axis direction, and pressing the pull rod of the main shaft to release the tool. Further, in the machining center disclosed in (2) Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Hei 5-20841, the moving column is provided with a spindle, the tool changer and the tool magazine are provided on the main body bed side, and the spindle, the tool magazine and the tool changer are separated. When the tool is changed, the moving column is moved to a position where the tool can be changed, and the tool is changed by the tool changing device.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional (1), the spindle and the tool changer are provided in the moving column, and the tool is unclamped by pressing the pull rod of the spindle via the unclamp mechanism by the rotating cam that operates the swivel axis. The unclamp cylinder for exclusive use of unclamping the spindle tool by pushing the spindle pull rod is not used, and the spindle unclamping can be performed with one drive source for the tool changer. However, since the tool changer is integrally provided on the moving column, there is a problem that the moving column is heavy and the moving speed of the moving column cannot be increased. In (2), since the tool changer is separated from the moving column and is provided on the main body bed side, there is the advantage that the column weight can be reduced and the moving column can be moved faster, but the tool is released from the spindle. There is no description about the unclamping mechanism.
An object of the present invention is to provide a machining center that can open a spindle tool on a moving column side by a rotating cam of a fixed side tool changing device even if the moving column and the tool changing device are separated from each other.
[0004]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present application, the rotation of the rotary cam of the tool changer on the main body bed side is used to resist the spindle pull rod on the moving column side against the spring force in the spindle that is drawing the tool. In this case, if the pull rod is simply pushed, a large pushing force is applied to the moving column toward the front of the main shaft, and a large reaction force toward the rear of the main shaft is applied to the main body bed. To do. Particularly in a moving column, the pushing force acts on the feed screw shaft in the front-rear direction, so that a thick feed screw shaft that can sufficiently withstand the large pushing force is required. If so, there is a problem that the inertia of the feed screw shaft becomes large, which is disadvantageous when trying to realize faster column movement. Another object of the present invention is to prevent the feed screw shaft on the moving column side from directly receiving the pressing force when the main shaft tool on the moving column side is unclamped by pushing the pull rod of the main shaft on the moving column side. It is to obtain the machining center.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, an unclamping device that opens the spindle tool when changing the tool is provided separately on the main body bed side (fixed side) and the moving column side, and both are made continuous when changing the tool. , The axial direction of the tool change arm of the tool changer on the main body bed side, the rotation of the rotating cam that controls the turning motion, and the column side by the main body side unclamp device at a predetermined timing when performing a series of tool changes The unclamp mechanism was operated to push the pull rod to release the spindle tool. Further, in the present invention, when the tool is changed, the main body and the moving column are engaged with the engaging portion provided on the other side with the force receiving member provided on the other side, and the moving column is integrated with the main body, and the pushing force for pushing the pull rod is applied. The force is received by the force receiving member so that the pushing force is not directly applied to the feed screw shaft of the moving column.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a moving column that horizontally moves in the left-right and back-and-forth directions with respect to the main body bed so that the main shaft head can be moved in the vertical direction, and a main shaft on which a tool is mounted is provided rotatably. A tool magazine is provided on an integral support base, and a swivel shaft having a tool change arm for exchanging the tool mounted on the spindle of the moving column at the tool change position and the tool of the tool magazine can be swung by a rotating cam in the swivel axis direction. In a machining center equipped with a movable tool changer, the main body side unclamping mechanism is connected to the column side unclamping mechanism that is continuous with the column side unclamping mechanism when the tool is changed, and separated from the column side unclamping mechanism when machining the workpiece. The unclamp mechanism on the main body side is unclamped on the column side by rotating the rotary cam when changing the tool. By operating the structure was to unclamp the spindle tool at a predetermined timing tool change. Thereby, since the moving column is not provided with a tool changer and a driving device for operating the unclamp mechanism, the moving column is lightened and the moving speed of the moving column can be increased. Even if the tool changer is on the fixed side, the unclamping mechanism is operated by the rotating cam of the tool changer, so that a drive source dedicated to unclamping is not required on the column side.
[0007]
A force receiving member that receives a force applied to the moving column by the operation of the unclamping mechanism at the time of tool replacement is provided on one of the bed side and the column side, and an engaging portion on which the force receiving member is detachable is provided on the other side. As a result, the force applied to the moving column when the spindle tool is unclamped when changing the tool is substantially received on the bed side and is not directly applied to the feed screw shaft of the moving column.
[0008]
The bed side unclamp mechanism and the force receiving member are provided in the tool changer. Further, the rotary cam of the tool changer is a drum cam, and the drum cam is swiveled through a first cam element for reciprocating the swivel shaft in the axial direction and a first rack body moving back and forth in the direction orthogonal to the swivel axis. A second cam element that rotates the shaft and turns the tool change arm 90 degrees from the standby position and turns the tool change arm 90 degrees after the tool change to return to the standby position. There are provided a third cam element for rotating the swivel shaft through the two rack body and rotating the tool changing arm by 180 degrees, and a fourth cam element for operating the main body side unclamping mechanism including a link mechanism. A series of tool changing operations are performed by the rotation of the drum cam.
[0009]
Since the force receiving member is configured to be detachable from the engaging portion by the fifth cam element provided in the first rack body, the force receiving member is operated to be detachable from the engaging portion. There is no need for a separate drive device, and it is forcibly actuated by the rotation of the rotary cam, and an operation linked with the tool change operation is obtained.
[0010]
【Example】
Next, an embodiment of the machining center of the present application will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, a left and right guide (not shown) is provided on a main body bed 2 of a machining center 1, and a movable base 3 that can move horizontally on the guide in the left and right direction is provided via a front and rear guide. A moving column 4 is provided so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. A spindle head 5 is supported on the front surface of the moving column 4 so as to be movable up and down, and a horizontal spindle 6 is rotatably mounted on the spindle head 5. The spindle head 5 is guided by a linear guide 7 and can be moved in the vertical direction by a Z-axis feed motor 8 provided in the moving column 4. Further, a support column 9 is erected on the left and right sides of the bed 2, and a support base 10 is attached to the upper end portion of the support column 9. A plurality of tools 11 are provided radially on the vertical indexing axis on the upper surface of the support base 10 integrated with the bed 2, and one of the tools 11 is placed at a predetermined indexing position (directly above the swivel axis of the tool changing arm). A tool magazine 13 is provided for indexing to (position). A tool changer 14 is fixed to the lower surface of the support base 10 so as to be positioned above the moving column 4.
[0011]
Next, the tool changer 14 will be described. 2 to 5, the housing 15 is supported by bearing members 16 and 17 attached to the front and rear surface portions of the housing 15 so as to be rotatable and slidable in the direction of the turning axis. A turning pinion 19 is provided integrally with the turning shaft 18 at an intermediate portion of the turning shaft 18. A tool change arm 20 is fixed to the tip of the pivot shaft 18. A shifter 21 is fastened with a nut to the rear end of the pivot shaft 18. In the housing 15, a drum cam (rotary cam) 22 whose axis is orthogonal to the pivot shaft 18 is rotatably supported by bearings 23 attached to the left and right side portions of the housing 15. As shown in FIG. 4, a shaft portion 22a of the drum cam 22 and a rotating shaft 24a of a drum cam rotating drive unit 24 comprising an electric motor (not shown) attached to the housing 15 and a speed reducer are key-connected. On the outer periphery of the drum cam 22, a cam groove 25 for the forward / backward movement of the turning shaft 18 as a first cam element, a second cam element for turning the turning shaft 18, and first and second turning cam grooves 26 as third cam elements. , 27 and a cam groove 29 for unclamping as a fourth cam element for operating the body side unclamping mechanism 28 comprising a link mechanism. The drum cam 22 is rotated by a driving device including an electric motor and a speed reducer, and an unclamping operation described later is performed by the action of each cam groove, so that no hydraulic pressure is required.
[0012]
First, the longitudinal motion cam groove 25 is connected to the pivot shaft 18 by a pivot shaft longitudinal motion link 30. An L-shaped connecting lever 32 is swingably supported by a stud 32a on a lower surface of a bracket 31a formed integrally with the housing 15, and a cam follower 33 is attached to one end thereof. The cam follower 33 is connected to the cam groove 25 for longitudinal movement. It is inserted in freely to roll. One end of a link member 34 is pivotally connected to the other end of the connecting lever 32 by a pin 35a, and the other end of the link member 34 is intermediate between a swing lever 36 supported by a bracket 31b to be swingable by a stud 36a. It is connected to the part by a pin 35b so as to be rotatable. A cam follower 37 attached to the tip of the swing lever 36 is rotatably fitted in the groove portion 21a of the shifter 21. The link member 34 and the swing lever 36 rotate the connecting lever 32 by the cam groove 25 for forward and backward movement. It is made to convert into the back-and-forth movement of the turning axis 18 via.
[0013]
The cam groove 25 for back and forth movement causes the pivot shaft 18 to move backward when the tool change arm 20 turns 90 degrees from a standby position (position shown in FIG. 1) by a first rack body 38 described later during one rotation of the drum cam 22. Advancing from the position toward the forward end to hold the forward end position, and when the tool change arm 20 turns 180 degrees by a second rack body 39 described later at the forward end, it moves backward toward the backward end and maintains the backward end position. The cam shape is set.
[0014]
2 and 4, the first rack body 38 is disposed in the axial direction of the drum cam 22 by the bush 40 at a position corresponding to the pinion 19 when the tool changing arm 20 is at the retracted end position. It is supported so that it can reciprocate in parallel. The first rack body 38 is disposed between the outer periphery of the drum cam 22 and the pivot shaft 18, and a rack 41 that can mesh with the pinion 19 is formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. Further, a cam follower 42 is rotatably connected to one end (the lower end in FIG. 4) of the first rack body 38. The cam follower 42 is fitted into the first turning cam groove 26 so as to be able to roll, and is used for the first turning. When the first rack body 38 is moved back and forth in the drum cam shaft direction by the rotation of the cam groove 26 and the tool change arm 20 is at the retracted end position, the tool change arm 20 stands by at the beginning of the tool change operation. A 90-degree turn in the forward direction for gripping the tools 11 and 12 from the stand-by position, and a 90-degree turn in the reverse direction to return to the stand-by position after tool replacement are provided. The other end portion of the first rack body 38 penetrates the side surface of the housing 15, and the cam piece 43 is integrally fixed to the protruding end. The cam piece 43 is provided with a vertical movement cam groove 47 as a fifth cam element obliquely in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. A cam follower 46 integral with a force receiving member 45 provided on the side surface of the housing 15 so as to be movable up and down by a guide rail 44 is fitted in the vertical movement cam groove 47 so as to be freely rotatable. The receiving member 45 is moved up and down.
[0015]
Next, a second rack body 39 is reciprocally supported in the housing 15 in parallel with the first rack body 38 via a bush 48 at a position corresponding to the pinion 19 when the tool change arm 20 is in the forward movement position. is there. The second rack body 39 is disposed between the outer periphery of the drum cam 22 and the turning shaft 18 as described above, and a rack 49 is engraved on the outer peripheral surface thereof. The cam follower 50 at the front end is fitted into the second turning cam groove 27 so as to be freely rotatable, and the second rack body 39 is moved axially by the rotation of the second turning cam groove 27 so that the tool changing arm 20 is attached to the turning shaft 18. Is in the forward end position, the tool 11 of the main spindle 6 and the tool 12 of the tool magazine 13 are exchanged in a positive direction by 180 degrees.
[0016]
Next, an unclamp lever 53 is supported on a side surface of the housing 15 opposite to the driving device 24 by a stud 52 so as to be swingable in the front-rear direction by a bracket 51 provided integrally with the housing 15. Further, a substantially L-shaped link lever 54 is swingably supported by a stud 55 on the bracket on the rear surface of the housing 15. A cam follower 56 is attached to one end of the link lever 54, and the cam follower 56 rolls into the unclamping cam groove 29. It is freely inserted. The other end of the link lever 54 is connected to the upper end portion of the unclamp lever 53 via a spherical washer 57a of a rod end 57 provided at the upper end of the unclamp lever 53, and an unclamp bolt 58 is connected to the front surface of the lower end portion. The main body side unclamp mechanism 28 is screwed together, and the swing of the link lever 54 due to the rotation of the unclamp cam groove 29 is transmitted to the unclamp lever 53, and the unclamp lever 53 is swung back and forth. It is supposed to move. In addition, 59 and 60 are rotation stoppers that prevent the first and second rack bodies 38 and 39 from rotating.
[0017]
Next, the moving column 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. Linear guides 7 are provided on the left and right sides of the column main body 4a of the moving column 4, and a guide 61 provided on the spindle head 5 slides on the guide rail 62 so that the spindle head 5 can be moved in the vertical direction. . As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a circular engagement member 64 provided with an engagement hole 63 in which the force receiving member 45 of the tool changer 14 can be engaged and disengaged is secured to the upper surface of the column body 4a with a bolt. An engaging portion 65 is formed. Further, a cylinder 67 that operates a column side unclamping mechanism 66 described later when the tool 12 of the main shaft 6 is manually replaced is attached to the side surface of the column main body 4a. The rear end of a lever 71 that presses the pressing surface 70 on one end side of the pressing lever 69 of the column side unclamping mechanism 66 with a tip is pivotally connected to the tip of the piston rod 68 of the cylinder 67 via a connecting member 72. An intermediate portion of the lever 71 is swingably supported by a lever holder 73 provided on the side surface of the column main body 4a.
[0018]
A plate member 74 is integrally attached to the frame 5a of the spindle head 5 by bolts as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, and a lever holder 75 is fixed to the plate member 74 as shown in FIGS. ing. An intermediate portion of the pressing lever 69 is supported on the lever holder 75 by a pin 76 so as to be swingable in the main axis direction within a horizontal plane. A spring mounting member 77 is attached to the lever holder 75 by a bolt, and the pressing lever 69 is urged between the mounting member 77 and the pressing lever 69 except when the tool is changed to shift the rear end of the spindle. A spring (biasing member) 80 that separates the pressing portion 79 formed on the other end side of the pressing lever 69 from the member rear surface 78a is interposed. A sliding hole 81 is provided on one end side of the pressing lever 69, and a substantially spherical lower end side of the swing lever 82 is slidably fitted into the sliding hole 81. The swing lever 82 is supported by a lever holder 83 fixed to the upper end side of the plate member 74 so as to be swingable back and forth in the vertical plane by a pin 84, and the upper end is an unclamp lever provided in the tool changer 14. The unclamp bolts 58 and the moving column 4 are opposed to each other when they are in the tool change position, and are brought into contact with each other and pressed when changing the spindle tool.
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the main shaft 6 is rotatably supported by the main shaft head 5 by a bearing 85. The main shaft 6 has a hollow hole 86, and a pull rod 87 for holding the tool holder is inserted into the hollow hole 86 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and is urged rearward by a disc spring 88. A known chuck device 91 that engages with a pull stud 90 at the rear of the tool holder 89 is attached to the tip of the pull rod 87. A taper hole 92 for fitting a tool holder is formed at the tip of the main shaft 6. An axially elongated hole 93 communicating with the hollow hole 86 is cut off at the rear portion of the main shaft 6. An output shaft 95 of a drive motor 94 fixed to the frame 5a of the spindle head 5 is connected to the rear end of the spindle 6. The output shaft 95 is located coaxially with the main shaft 6. A shift member 78 is fitted to the rear portion of the main shaft in which the long hole 93 is formed so as to be movable in the axial direction, and both ends of a pressing member 96 penetrating the long hole 93 in the diameter direction of the main shaft 6 are integrally connected to the shift member 78. It is. In the pressing member 96, the inner part of the hollow hole 86 of the main shaft 6 is a pressing surface 96 a that can be pressed against the rear end surface 87 a of the pull rod 87. The swing lever 82, the pressing lever 69, and the shift member 78 constitute a column-side unclamping mechanism 66, and the main body-side unclamping mechanism 28 constitutes a link mechanism that unclamps the tool 12.
[0020]
The moving column 4 moves horizontally, and the spindle head 5 moves up and down to perform processing. At the time of tool change, the moving column 4 moves to the tool change position shown in FIG. 1 and stops. At this time, the tool change arm 20 is in the standby position shown in FIG. 1, and the cam groove 25 for the forward / backward movement of the drum cam 22 moves the tool change arm 20 to the retracted end position via the reciprocal movement link 30. The pinion 19 is engaged with the first rack body 38. Further, the first turning cam groove 26 brings the first rack body 38 into the retracted position (position shown in FIGS. 2 and 4), and the second turning cam groove 27 also brings the second rack body 39 into the retracted position. Further, the unclamping cam groove 29 swings the lower end of the unclamp lever 53 by the link lever 54 rearward in the swivel axis direction. When the column 4 comes to the tool change position, the column-side unclamp mechanism 66 swings. Opposite the upper end of the lever 82. The pressing lever 69 of the spindle head 5 is separated from the shift member rear surface 78a. In this state, the driving device 24 is driven to rotate the drum cam 22. The first turning cam groove 26 moves the first rack body 38 from the retracted position to the advanced position (downward from the position shown in FIG. 4), thereby rotating the pinion 19 in the forward direction and moving the tool changing arm 20 clockwise from the standby position. The tool changing arm 20 is rotated 90 degrees to grip the tool 12 on the spindle 6 and the tool 11 at the index position of the tool magazine 13. At the same time, the vertical movement cam groove 47 is moved forward (moved downward in FIG. 4 and moved left in FIG. 5) by the movement of the first rack body 38 from the retracted position to the advanced position, and the force receiving member 45 of the column 4 Engaging with the engaging portion 65, the column 4 is substantially integrated with the main body bed 2.
[0021]
Subsequently, the unclamping cam groove 29 operates the link lever 54 to swing the unclamping bolt 58 of the unclamping lever 53 in contact with the upper end of the oscillating lever 82 so as to press the column lever unclamping mechanism 66. The shift member 78 is pressed by the lever 69, whereby the pull rod 87 in the main shaft moves forward against the spring force of the disc spring 88. By this movement of the pull rod 87, the pull stud 90 is not pulled by the chuck device 91, and the tool holder 89 is unclamped. In this state, the forward / backward movement cam groove 25 operates the turning shaft forward / backward movement link 30 to advance the turning shaft 18 to move the tool changing arm 20 from the retracted end position to the advanced end position, and to move the pinion 19 to the second rack body 39. The main shaft 6 and the tools 12 and 11 of the tool magazine 13 are extracted by the tool changing arm 20 while being engaged.
[0022]
While maintaining this forward end position, the second turning cam groove 27 moves the second rack body 39 from the backward position to the forward position (from the upper end position to the lower end position in FIG. 4), and rotates the pinion 19 of the turning shaft 18. The tool change arm 20 is turned 180 degrees clockwise. Next, the tool exchanging arm 20 is retracted to the retracted end position by the longitudinal movement cam groove 25 and the pivot axis longitudinal movement link 30, and the pinion 19 is again engaged with the first rack body 38, and the gripped tools 11 and 12 are held in the spindle 6 and the tool magazine. Insert 13 and replace. Next, when the unclamping cam groove 29 swings the unclamping lever 53 in the opposite direction and the pressing lever 69 swings in the opposite direction, the pull rod 87 moves backward by the spring force of the disc spring 88, and the chuck device 91 pulls in the pull stud 90 and the tool 11 is clamped to the tip of the main shaft. Next, the first rack body 38 in the forward position is moved to the retracted position by the first turning cam groove 26, the pinion 19 is rotated in the reverse direction, the tool changing arm 20 is turned in the counterclockwise direction, and the gripping of the tools 11, 12 is released. As a result, the cam piece 43 moves backward and the force receiving member 45 is removed from the engaging portion 65 of the column 4, and the tool change is completed.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is a machining center in which the moving column and the tool changer are separated, and the unclamp mechanism for opening the spindle tool is provided separately on both, and the two are made continuous at the time of tool change. The spindle tool on the moving column side can be replaced by the rotating cam that controls the operation of the tool change arm, and a drive source dedicated to unclamping is not required. Further, by receiving the pressing force when unclamping the spindle tool by the force receiving member provided on one side and the engaging portion provided on the other side, it is not directly received by the feed screw shaft. Furthermore, the weight of the moving column is reduced by these, and the column can be moved at high speed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a machining center.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tool changer as viewed from below.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken along the line III in FIG. 1;
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
5 is a V view of FIG.
6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG.
7 is a left side view in FIG. 1 of a column top portion. FIG.
8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a main shaft.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machining center 2 Body bed 4 Moving column 5 Spindle head 6 Spindle 10 Support base 11,12 Tool 13 Tool magazine 18 Rotating shaft 20 Tool change arm 22 Rotating cam 25 First cam element 26 Second cam element 27 Third cam element 28 Main body Side unclamp mechanism 29 Fourth cam element 38 First rack body 39 Second rack body 45 Force receiving member 47 Fifth cam element 65 Engaging portion 66 Column side unclamp mechanism

Claims (4)

A main column head is mounted on a moving column that moves horizontally in the horizontal and horizontal directions with respect to the main body bed. A tool magazine is provided in the tool, and a swivel shaft having a tool change arm for exchanging the tool mounted on the spindle of the moving column at the tool change position and the tool in the tool magazine is turnable by a rotating cam and can be moved in the swivel axis direction. In a machining center equipped with a tool changer, the main body side unclamping mechanism is provided on the bed side so that it is continuous with the column side unclamping mechanism provided on the spindle head when changing tools and is separated from the column side unclamping mechanism when machining workpieces. , the force receiving member to receive the force applied to the movable column by the operation of the unclamp mechanism at the time of tool change bed side or Is provided on one column side and the other to provided the engagement portion force receiving member can be freely engaged and disengaged, the body-side unclamping mechanism by rotation of the rotary cam during tool change by operating the column side unclamping mechanism A machining center characterized in that a spindle tool is unclamped at a predetermined timing of tool change, and a pressing force at the time of unclamping is received by a force receiving member provided on one side and an engaging portion provided on the other side. . 2. The machining center according to claim 1, wherein the bed-side unclamp mechanism and the force receiving member are provided in the tool changer. The rotary cam of the tool changer is a drum cam. The drum cam is provided with a first cam element for reciprocating the swivel axis in the axial direction, and a swivel axis via a first rack body that moves back and forth in the direction orthogonal to the swivel axis. A second gripping element that rotates and rotates the tool changing arm 90 degrees from the standby position, a second cam element that rotates 90 degrees after the tool change and returns to the standby position, and a second rack that moves back and forth in the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis There are provided a third cam element for turning the turning shaft through the body and turning the tool changing arm by 180 degrees, and a fourth cam element for operating the main body side unclamping mechanism including a link mechanism. 3. The machining center according to claim 1 , wherein a series of tool changing operations are performed by rotating the tool. 4. The machining center according to claim 3, wherein the force receiving member is configured to be engageable with and disengageable from the engaging portion by a fifth cam element provided in the first rack body.

Images