JP3722226B1 - Waste oil stove - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a waste oil stove that is highly safe regardless of the oil type of waste oil, and is convenient with little odor and drought.
An outer pot 11 and an inner pot that is disposed in the outer pot 11 in a substantially hermetically sealed state, burns supplied waste oil, and discharges its smoke to the outside via a smoke exhaust duct 34. When the space between the combustion section 3 including the outer pot 11 and the outer pot 11 and the inner pot 12 is a heating space, the circulating air blowing section 4 circulates the air to be heated through the heating space, and the inner pot 12 has waste oil. A fuel supply unit 5 that supplies a predetermined amount of fuel and a combustion air supply unit 6 that blows combustion air necessary for burning waste oil are provided.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste oil stove that uses waste oil such as hydraulic oil for press machines and hydraulic devices, engine oil for automobiles, cutting oil, lubricating oil, and tempura oil used in machine tools as fuel.

  In press machines and hydraulic devices, hydraulic oil is discharged as waste oil, and engine oil extracted from automobiles is discharged as waste oil from a gas station. Further, cutting oil and lubricating oil are discharged from the machine tool as waste oil. Hereinafter, these various types of waste oil are collectively referred to as waste oil.

  Such waste oil increases year by year, and its treatment is based on paid processing by specialized processors. Therefore, waste oil treatment costs are high, and a stove using waste oil as fuel can be considered as a countermeasure.

Various types of stoves using waste oil as fuel have been proposed. For example, a waste oil stove having a configuration in which waste oil is vaporized and supplied to a combustion chamber for combustion is proposed (see Patent Document 1).
JP-A-10-267283

  However, such a conventional waste oil stove has several problems as described later, and has problems in economy and convenience.

  That is, when waste oil is used as fuel, it is necessary to control the amount of combustion air so that the waste oil is completely burned, thereby suppressing the amount of odor and soot. However, as described above, the waste oil includes various waste oils such as hydraulic oil, and the optimum air amount differs depending on the oil type. Therefore, when trying to control the oil amount to be always optimum, the oil type information Must be included in the control information, or the combustion state should be monitored and reflected in the control information. This complicates the control and causes a cost increase.

  As a technique for vaporizing waste oil, heating and spraying are generally used. However, foreign matters such as metal scraps are mixed in the waste oil, so the foreign matters must be removed in advance using a filter or the like. However, there is a problem that the additional device for that purpose is expensive.

  In addition, if various oil types are used as waste oil, the ignition temperature and combustion temperature will be different, so it must be set according to the oil type to ensure safety and ignitability, which is cumbersome and convenient. There was a problem lacking.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a waste oil stove that is highly safe regardless of the type of oil and that is highly convenient with little odor and soot.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an invention according to claim 1 is provided in an outer pot and a substantially sealed state in the outer pot to burn the supplied waste oil, and the flue gas passes through the flue duct. A combustion section having an inner pot that is discharged outdoors, a circulation blower section that circulates heated room air through the heating space when the space between the outer pot and the inner pot is a heating space, and an inner pot a predetermined amount tsuzuic supplies fuel supply waste oil, and a combustion air supply unit for blowing combustion air which is required when the combustion of waste oil possess a and the fuel supply unit, waste oil tank for storing the waste oil And a side wall made of a transparent member that is provided in the middle of the waste oil pipe and for confirming the waste oil supplied to the inner hook. And a part of the air from the combustion air supply section downstream of the waste oil trap. And allowed to flow into the oil pipe in which characterized in that a waste oil supply promotion mechanism that can adjust the feed rate of the waste oil.

As a result, the waste oil combustion space and the heating space air heating space are separate spaces, so there is no need to worry about odors and soot, and there is no need for advanced control of combustion air, reducing costs. Convenience of control and operation is improved.
Further, the amount of waste oil in the waste oil trap, the flow state thereof, and the like can be visually confirmed, and the amount of waste oil corresponding to the oil type can be supplied.
Furthermore, the amount of waste oil to be supplied can be easily adjusted by adjusting the amount of air supplied to the waste oil pipe according to the viscosity of the waste oil.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that a plurality of fins are provided on the outer wall surface of the inner hook.

  Thereby, the air to be heated can be efficiently heated by the inner pot through the fins.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a blow-off nozzle in which a combustion air supply section extends vertically along the central axis of the inner hook, and blows out combustion air toward the inner wall of the inner hook; And a plurality of spiral nozzles that are provided with an axis as a symmetrical axis, and that blows out combustion air toward the bottom surface of the inner hook and blows out the air so that the air rotates around the central axis. Is.

  As a result, combustion air can be supplied without generating saddle points in the inner hook, and complete combustion can be easily performed with a simple configuration.

According to the present invention, there is provided an outer pot and an inner pot that is disposed in a substantially sealed state in the outer pot, burns the supplied waste oil, and the flue gas is discharged to the outside through the smoke duct. A fuel supply section, a circulation air blowing section that circulates heated room air through the heating space when the space between the outer pot and the inner pot is a heating space, and a fuel that supplies a predetermined amount of waste oil to the inner pot Having a supply unit and a combustion air supply unit for blowing combustion air necessary for burning waste oil, and connecting a waste oil tank for storing waste oil and an inner hook to the fuel supply unit; A waste oil pipe for guiding the waste oil from the waste oil tank to the inner hook, a waste oil trap provided in the middle of the waste oil pipe and having a side wall made of a transparent member for confirming the waste oil supplied to the inner hook, and a combustion air supply Part of the air from the section flows into the waste oil pipe downstream from the waste oil trap to supply the waste oil It is provided with the waste oil feed accelerator mechanism to adjustable, since the combustion space and the heating space of the heating chamber air waste oil are separate spaces, there is no need to worry about odor and soot, a high degree of combustion air Control is not required, cost is reduced, convenience of control and operation is improved, and the amount of waste oil in the waste oil trap and its flow state can be visually checked. In addition, the amount of waste oil to be supplied can be easily adjusted by adjusting the amount of air supplied to the waste oil pipe according to the viscosity of the waste oil.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a waste oil stove according to the present invention. The waste oil stove 2 is disposed in the outer pot 11 and in the outer pot 11 in a substantially sealed state, burns the supplied waste oil, and the smoke exhausted is discharged to the outside through the smoke exhaust duct 34. When the space between the combustion section 3 provided with the pot 12 and the outer pot 11 and the inner pot 12 is a heating space, the circulating blower 21 is connected to the outer pot 11 and circulates the air to be heated through the heating space. A circulation air blower 4, a fuel supply unit 5 for supplying a predetermined amount of waste oil to the inner hook 12, a combustion air supply unit 6 for blowing combustion air necessary for burning the waste oil, a control device 18 and the like. .

A blower duct 23 and a hot air duct 19 are connected to the outer pot 11, and an inner pot 12 is disposed inside. And the space between the outer pot 11 and the inner pot 12 constitutes a heating space.
Thus, since the inner hook 12 is arranged in a telescopic manner with respect to the outer hook 11, there is an advantage that it is possible to prevent an accident such as being in contact with the hot inner pot 12 and causing burns.

  A hook temperature sensor 26 is provided on the inner wall of the outer hook 11 so that an emergency stop or the like can be performed by detecting this when an abnormality occurs in combustion or air blowing.

  The circulation blower 4 is formed by a circulation blower 21, a net 22 that prevents foreign matter from being sucked into the heating space by the suction force of the circulation blower 21, a blower duct 23 that connects the circulation blower 21 and the outer pot 11, and the like. Yes.

  The circulation blower 21 is a propeller fan and sucks heated room air through the net 22 and sends it to the outer pot 11. This is because when the net 22 is provided between the circulation blower 21 and the outer hook 11, the air in the heated room blows against the net 22 and a large wind noise is generated, and the net 22 is cleaned. This is to facilitate the work.

  The air duct 23 is provided with an air passage restriction 24 so that the air passage is reduced toward the outer hook 11. The air passage restriction 24 is also provided in order to reduce the blowing sound. That is, the blowing sound is also generated when the air flow is disturbed and turbulent flow is caused. Therefore, the air flow is throttled so that the pressure increases toward the outer hook 11 side, thereby suppressing the generation of turbulent flow and reducing the blowing sound.

Waste oil is stored in the waste oil tank 16, and a waste oil pipe 37 is inclined so that the waste oil flows to the inner hook 12 by gravity.
The waste oil pipe 37 is connected to a waste oil electromagnetic valve 41, a waste oil manual valve 48, and a waste oil trap 36 made of transparent glass that functions as a sight glass, and a combustion blower at a position downstream of the waste oil trap 36. A waste oil side air pipe 45 for supplying combustion air from 15 to the waste oil pipe 37 is connected. The waste oil side air pipe 45 is provided with an air manual valve 46.

  The kerosene tank 17 stores kerosene for ignition, and is connected to the inner hook 12 via a kerosene pipe 38. The kerosene pipe 38 is provided with a kerosene electromagnetic valve 47.

The electric heater 40 is used for ignition. As will be described later, when the waste oil is combusted, foreign matter contained in the waste oil or coke-in residue remains, which may adhere to the electric heater 40 and lower the ignition characteristics.
Therefore, in the present invention, the heater attachment 49 as shown in FIG. 2 is provided to allow the electric heater 40 to be replaced.
That is, a heater insertion hole 51 is formed in the inner hook 12, the electric heater 40 is inserted into the heater insertion hole 51, the heater attachment 49 is addressed from the outside of the inner hook 12, and bolted to tighten the electric heater 40. The configuration is fixed.

  The heater fixture 49 is formed with a recess 42 into which the head 44 of the electric heater 40 is inserted. A coil spring 43 is attached to the recess 42 and the heater fixture 49 is bolted to the inner pot 12. The coil spring 43 presses the electric heater 40, and the heater insertion hole 51 is sealed with the head 44 of the electric heater 40.

  The reason why the heater insertion hole 51 is sealed in this way is to prevent acceleration of deterioration of the electric heater 40 due to occurrence of hot air or flame from the gap if there is a gap.

  The upper part of the inner hook 12 is opened, and the bottom part 25 is formed in a cylindrical pan shape that forms an oil pan. An inner pot lid 27 is provided in the opening so as to be engageable with the inner pot 12. Hereinafter, the bottom portion 25 is referred to as an oil pan 25.

  A plurality of fins 53 are provided on the outer wall surface of the inner hook 12 and an opening / closing door 57 is provided so that the oil pan 25 can be seen. The open / close door 57 is of a simple locking type so that air does not enter the inner hook 12 when closed. The outer hook 11 is also provided with an opening / closing door 52 so as to include the opening / closing door 57. The open / close door 57 and the open / close door 52 open and close in order to clean the oil pan 25.

  The inner hook lid 27 is provided with an engaging portion 29, and an engaged portion 30 that engages with the engaging portion 29 is provided inside the upper end of the inner hook 12, so that the inner hook lid 27 is directed to the opening. When rotated, the engaging portion 29 is fitted and engaged with the engaged portion 30 so that air does not enter the inner hook 12 through the space between the inner lid 27 and the opening.

  A smoke exhaust port 33 is provided near the upper end of the inner hook 12, and a smoke exhaust duct 34 is connected to the smoke exhaust port 33. And this smoke exhaust duct 34 is extended to the outdoors, and the exhaust gas processing apparatus 14 is connected in the middle.

  Further, the inner hook 12 is provided with a combustion duct 35, one end of which is connected to the combustion blower 15, and the other end is a blowing nozzle 59 having a blowing hole 58 through which a large number of air is blown. It extends toward the side. A spiral nozzle 60 that is spirally curved is provided at the tip of the blowing nozzle 59.

  In addition, although a present Example demonstrates the case where the two spiral nozzles 60 are provided symmetrically, it is not limited to the number which concerns.

Then, the air from the combustion blower 15 is blown into the inner hook 12 from the blowing nozzle 59 and used for combustion of the waste oil stored in the oil pan 25. At this time, the direction of the air blown from the blowout nozzle 59 is a substantially radial direction, and since it is not the direction of the oil pan 25 that requires the most air in the combustion of the waste oil, incomplete combustion is likely to occur.
If the spiral nozzle 60 is provided asymmetrically or the spiral direction is set to a different direction, a saddle point of air is likely to be generated in the inner hook 12, and incomplete combustion due to lack of air is likely to occur at the saddle point.

Therefore, in the present invention, a pair of spiral nozzles 60 whose spiral directions are set in the same direction are provided, and air is blown out in the inner hook 12.
As a result, air is supplied into the inner hook 12 substantially uniformly (at least uniformly on the surface of the oil pan 25), so that the occurrence of incomplete combustion can be suppressed and the odor and soot amount can be reduced. Become.

The side surface of the inner hook 12 on the bottom 25 side is ignited with a waste oil pipe 37, a kerosene pipe 38, asbestos 39 provided at a position where kerosene from the kerosene pipe 38 drips, and kerosene soaked in the asbestos 39. An electric heater 40 is provided.
The flue gas treatment device 14 removes soot and the like contained in the flue gas, and is provided in the exterior body 63 with a plurality of holes formed in the exterior body 63 connected to the smoke exhaust duct 34. A porous cylindrical body 64, a plurality of triangular pieces 65 disposed in the porous cylindrical body 64, a pumice 66 provided in a space between the triangular piece 65 and the porous cylindrical body 64, and a number of A wire provided inside the triangular piece body 65, a randomly collected needle-like body 68, a side surface of the exterior body 63 is opened, and a smoke treatment apparatus door 69 provided so as to be able to open and close this opening is provided. I have.

The smoke exhausting device door 69 is opened and closed when the porous cylindrical body 64, the triangular piece 65, the pumice 66, and the needle 68 are cleaned or replaced.
And when the smoke is passing between the needle-like bodies 68 such as wire scourers and between the pumice stones 66, the soot contained therein is cleaned by adhering to them and discharged outside. Is done.

The smoke exhaust duct 34 is connected to the heating space between the inner hook 12 and the outer hook 11 by a smoke exhaust forced pipe 55, and an air volume adjusting valve 56 capable of adjusting the opening degree is provided in the smoke exhaust forced pipe 55. Yes.
The forced smoke exhaust pipe 55 opens the air volume adjustment valve 56 when, for example, soot accumulates in the needle-like body 68, the pumice 66, etc., and the smoke exhaust capability decreases, and a part of the air from the circulation blower 21 is exhausted to the smoke exhaust duct. 34 is forcibly flowed to 34 so as to forcibly recover the smoke emission performance.

  The combustion blower 15 pressure-feeds air for burning the waste oil to the inner hook 12 through the blowing nozzle 59. A part of the air from the combustion blower is connected to a waste oil pipe 37 via a waste oil side air pipe 45 and an air manual valve 46. This air is provided to accelerate the flow rate of waste oil having low viscosity.

  Waste oil varies in fluidity depending on the type, temperature, and the degree of contamination. However, as will be described later, temperature control is performed with one cycle of waste oil supply → ignition → combustion. The supply of waste oil at this time is controlled only by the time for opening the waste oil electromagnetic valve 41, and is not controlled by the amount of waste oil supplied to the oil pan. This is because, if the amount of waste oil is a control target, a configuration for measuring the amount of waste oil is required, and the configuration is complicated to avoid an increase in cost.

However, with such a simple configuration, for example, in the case of waste oil having a high viscosity, there is a case where only a small amount of waste oil is supplied to the oil pan, resulting in a disadvantage that the room temperature rise is delayed.
On the other hand, when the viscosity of the waste oil is low, a large amount of waste oil is supplied to the oil pan. Therefore, there is a problem that the waste oil remains unburned in the oil pan at the end of one cycle.

  Therefore, in the present invention, the viscosity of the waste oil is taken into consideration so that the amount of waste oil supplied to the oil pan at a predetermined time becomes a desired amount. When the viscosity is high, the opening of the manual valve is increased. The flow of waste oil is assisted by the air from the combustion blower, and when the viscosity is low, the opening degree of the manual valve is reduced so that the flow assist of the waste oil can be suppressed.

As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 18 inputs a control unit 31 that executes various arithmetic control processes, a control panel 28 that is set by a user, a timer 32 that measures time during control, and a set temperature of room temperature. And a temperature setting device 50.
And the control part 31 is based on the signal from the room temperature sensor 20, the pot temperature sensor 26, and the temperature setting device 50, and according to the time-measurement by the timer 32, starting / stopping of the circulation air blower 21 and the combustion air blower 15, waste oil electromagnetic valve 41, Controls such as opening and closing of the kerosene electromagnetic valve 47 and stopping energization of the electric heater 40 are performed.

The control panel 28 shown in FIG. 3 is provided with eight setting devices VR0 to VR7.
VR1 is a setter for setting a time from when a start switch (not shown) is turned on to when the electric heater is energized. The maximum value is, for example, 102 seconds, and can be set within this time. This set time is assumed to be t1.
VR2 is a setter for setting the energization time of the electric heater, and its maximum value is 15 seconds, for example, and the set time is t2.
VR3 is a setter for setting a time from when the start switch is turned on until the combustion blower is started. The maximum value is, for example, 15 minutes, and the set time is t3.
VR4 is a setter that sets a time from when the start switch is turned on until the start of waste oil supply. The maximum value is, for example, 10 minutes, and the set time is t4.
VR5 is a setter for setting a time from when the start switch is turned on until the circulation blower 21 is started. The maximum value is, for example, 15 minutes, and the set time is t5.
VR6 is a setter for setting a time from when the start switch is turned off or when an emergency stop is performed by the control device until the combustion blower stops, and its maximum value is, for example, 10 minutes. The set time is t6.
VR7 is a setter for setting the time from when the start switch is turned off or when an emergency stop is performed by the control device until the circulation blower 21 stops. The maximum value is, for example, 10 minutes. The set time is t7.
VR8 is a spare setting device.

  With such a configuration, the vehicle is operated according to the control procedure shown in FIG. During operation, the user opens the waste oil manual valve 48, and the control unit 31 determines whether or not operation is stopped (step S1).

  If the system is started with the start switch turned on, the operation is continued.If the start switch is turned off to end the operation or an abnormal situation such as a temperature abnormality is detected, an emergency stop will occur. Operation is stopped. The temperature abnormality determination is performed by comparing the abnormal temperature determination value preset and stored by the control unit with the temperature value indicated by the signal from the hook temperature sensor 26.

  In the case of continuing operation, it is determined whether or not the room temperature is higher than the set temperature (step S2). This set temperature is a temperature set by the user using the temperature setter 50. If the room temperature is higher than the set temperature, the process returns to step S1 to enter a monitoring state for stopping operation and a monitoring state for lowering the room temperature.

  If the room temperature is lower than the set temperature, the control unit resets the timer (step S3). The timer counts the time elapsed since this reset.

  Next, the control unit controls the kerosene electromagnetic valve 47 to open (step S4). As a result, kerosene is supplied from the kerosene tank 17 to the inner hook 12 through the kerosene pipe 38. Since asbestos 39 is provided at the tip of the kerosene tube 38, kerosene is dyed into this asbestos.

  Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the timer has timed t1, and when this time is reached, the electric heater is energized for a predetermined time to ignite, and the electric heater is de-energized. Supply is also stopped (steps S5 to S9). In FIG. 4, the time T indicates the time after the timer 32 is reset.

  Next, the control unit waits for the time t3, and when this time is counted, the combustion blower is started (steps S10 and S11). The reason why the combustion blower is not started immediately after ignition is to prevent at least the temperature of asbestos from rising and the seed fire from being extinguished by the wind from the combustion blower, and the time t3 is set in consideration of such factors It is preferable.

  When the operation of the combustion blower is started, the control unit monitors whether or not the timer has timed t4, and if so, controls to open the waste oil electromagnetic valve 41 (steps S12 and S13). As a result, the waste oil is supplied to the oil pan through the waste oil pipe. Since the oil pan is heated by the combustion heat of the kerosene by the time from the start of the combustion blower to the start of the supply of the waste oil, the temperature of the waste oil rises by this heat and it is easy to ignite.

  At this time, since there is a difference in viscosity depending on the type of waste oil, the user confirms the viscosity of the waste oil with the waste oil trap 36 and adjusts the opening of the waste oil manual valve 48 based on the viscosity. In other words, the waste oil from the waste oil tank is dropped into the transparent waste oil trap 36 as if it was instilled, and supplied to the oil pan while being stored. Since this dripping situation depends on the viscosity of the waste oil, the opening degree of the waste oil manual valve 48 is adjusted so that the amount stored in the waste oil trap 36 is substantially constant.

  However, when the waste oil has a high viscosity and the waste oil trap 36 becomes full immediately after the waste oil manual valve 48 is fully opened, the opening of the air manual valve 46 is adjusted and the waste oil is discharged by the air from the combustion blower. The amount of oil stored in the waste oil trap 36 is made substantially constant by assisting the flow of oil.

  Next, the control unit monitors whether or not the timer has timed time t5, and when it has timed, starts the circulating blower and stops the supply of waste oil (steps S14 to S16). The time monitoring at the time t5 is for waiting for the ignition of the waste oil to be stabilized during that time, and is the time required for supplying the amount of waste oil necessary for one heating cycle to the oil pan.

  Thereafter, the system waits for a predetermined time (step S17), returns to step S1 after the lapse of the time, and repeats the above-described procedure.

  As described above, the waste oil stove according to the present invention is configured to operate using steps S1 to S17 as one heating cycle. And since it is the structure which supplies only the quantity of waste oil required for each 1 heating cycle, it is possible to improve safety.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S1 that the operation is stopped, the timer is reset in step S18, and the time t6 is monitored from that time (steps S18 and S19). When this time is counted, the combustion blower is stopped (step S20).

Then, it waits for the time t7, and when the time t7 is timed, the circulating fan is stopped (steps S21 and S22).
The reason for waiting for the time t7 is to prevent the influence of the heat of the inner hook (for example, the temperature rise of the circulating fan) by operating the circulating fan until the temperature of the inner pot decreases.

  As described above, it is possible to provide a waste oil stove that is highly safe regardless of the type of oil and that is highly convenient with little odor and drought.

  In the above description, the air heated in the inner pot 12 is directly blown into the heated room. However, for example, a hot water pipe 54 through which water flows is wound around the inner pot 12 as shown in FIG. You may make it hot water and can utilize for snow melting etc.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the waste oil stove applied to description of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of a heater fixture, and the support structure of the electric heater by this. It is a figure of a control panel. It is a flowchart which shows a control procedure. It is a figure which shows the structure of the waste oil stove replaced with FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Waste oil stove 3 Combustion part 4 Circulation ventilation part 5 Fuel supply part 6 Combustion air supply part 11 Outer hook 12 Inner hook 14 Smoke treatment apparatus 15 Combustion blower 16 Waste oil tank 17 Kerosene tank 18 Control apparatus 21 Circulation fan 36 Waste oil trap 37 Waste oil Pipe 40 Electric heater 45 Waste oil side air pipe 58 Blow hole 59 Blow nozzle 60 Spiral nozzle

Claims (3)

A combustion section provided with an outer pot and an inner pot that is disposed in a substantially hermetically sealed state in the outer pot, burns the supplied waste oil, and the flue gas is discharged to the outside through the smoke duct;
When the space between the outer pot and the inner pot is a heating space, a circulating air blowing unit that circulates heated room air through the heating space;
A fuel supply unit for supplying a predetermined amount of waste oil to the inner pot;
Have a combustion air supply unit for blowing combustion air which is required when the combustion of the waste oil, and,
A waste oil pipe for connecting the waste oil tank for storing waste oil and the inner hook to the fuel supply unit, and leading the waste oil from the waste oil tank to the inner hook;
A waste oil trap provided in the middle of the waste oil pipe and provided with a side wall made of a transparent member for confirming the waste oil supplied to the inner pot;
A waste oil stove provided with a waste oil supply promotion mechanism that allows a part of air from the combustion air supply unit to flow into the waste oil pipe downstream from the waste oil trap to adjust a supply speed of the waste oil.   The waste oil stove according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of fins are provided on an outer wall surface of the inner hook. The combustion air supply section is extended in the vertical direction along the central axis of the inner hook, and a blowout nozzle for blowing the combustion air toward the inner wall of the inner hook;
A plurality of spiral nozzles provided with the central axis as a symmetric axis, and blowing out combustion air toward the bottom surface of the inner hook and blowing out the air so as to rotate about the central axis as a rotation center; The waste oil stove according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that.

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