JP3721652B2 - Keyboard instrument - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a keyboard instrument such as a practice piano or an electronic piano that can provide a realistic key touch feeling.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As such a keyboard instrument, for example, a practice piano proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-44665 is known. This keyboard instrument has a keyboard, a hammer that rotates when the key is pressed and hits the hit object, and an action that transmits the operation of the pressed key to the hammer. The vibration of the hit object is converted into an electric signal by a sensor and amplified by an amplifier. Therefore, the performer can perform the performance while obtaining a key touch feeling equivalent to that of an acoustic piano, and can listen to the performance through a speaker or headphones.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the hammer of the keyboard musical instrument is composed of a hammer shank and a hammer head, and the hammer head is configured by providing an elastic material such as rubber or felt on the outer periphery of the hammer wood. In other words, since the hammer head is configured in the same way as the hammer head of an acoustic piano, there is a disadvantage that the manufacturing cost is high.
Also, if the hammer head is not mounted in parallel to the surface including the rotation trajectory of the hammer shank, a torsional moment will act on the hammer shank when the hit object is hit, damaging the support structure of the hammer assembly, etc. There is a risk of doing. For this reason, since considerable attention is required for the mounting and adjustment work of the hammer, there is a drawback that it takes time.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a keyboard instrument that can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost. Another object of the present invention is to provide a keyboard instrument that requires almost no adjustment when the hammer is attached.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The keyboard instrument according to the present invention includes a key, a hammer that rotates when the key is pressed and hits the hit object, an action mechanism that transmits the operation of the pressed key to the hammer, and a key that is pressed In a keyboard instrument comprising a sensor for detecting the occurrence of a sound and a musical tone signal generating means for generating a musical tone signal based on the detection result of the sensor, the hammer is constituted by a hammer shank and a hammer head, and the hammer head is metal, as well as Rikatachi formed by the resin or rubber, cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the hammer head to the axis of the hammer shank, characterized in that was formed to have a circular shape.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a practice piano according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The practice piano shown in these drawings is rotated by a keyboard assembly 10 composed of a plurality of keys 11, an action (action mechanism) 20 that is driven when the key 11 is pressed, and the action 20. The hammer assembly 40 and the damper mechanism 50 are roughly configured, and each of these parts has a configuration equivalent to that of the upright piano. In this practice piano, the hammer assembly 40 strikes the hit portion 60 that does not have strings. The configuration of each part of the practice piano will be described below.
[0008]
A. 1 is a shelf board constituting a lower frame of a practice piano. On the top surface of the shelf board 1, the rear 2, the middle 3 and the front 4 extending over the entire width of the practice piano are attached in this order from the left side in the drawing. A balance pin 5 penetrating the key 11 in the vertical direction is attached to the upper surface of the collar 3, so that the key 11 is supported on the upper surface of the collar 3 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction. . Further, cushion members 6 and 7 with which the key 11 abuts are attached to the upper surfaces of the back 2 and the front 4, respectively. Is attached. When the key is depressed, the rear end portion (left end portion in FIG. 1) of the key 11 is raised, and the capstan 9 attached thereto pushes up the action 20 described below.
[0009]
B. In the configuration diagram of the action, reference numeral 16 denotes a center rail, and the center rail 16 extends over the entire width of the practice piano. Action brackets 15 are disposed at a plurality of positions at both ends and an intermediate portion of the center rail 16, and the action 20 provided for each key 11 is supported by the center rail 16 between the action brackets 15. At the lower end of the center rail 16, one pen pencil range 22 is attached to each key 11. At the lower end portion of the uipen frenzy 22, one end portion of the wipen 23 whose longitudinal direction is directed in the front-rear direction of the practice piano is rotatably supported by a pin 22a. The wiper 23 has a plate shape, and a wiper heel cross 24 is attached to the lower surface of the other end. Since the lower surface of the wipen heel cross 24 is supported by the capstan 9, the wipen 23 is kept substantially horizontal in a state where the key is not depressed (hereinafter, the position of each member at this time is referred to as a rest position).
[0010]
Further, a jack flange 25 protruding upward is attached to the pen pen 23, and a jack 26 having a substantially L-shape is rotatable at the upper end of the jack flange 25 by a pin 26c in the vicinity of the bent portion. It is supported. The jack 26 includes a large jack 26a that extends obliquely upward, and a small jack 26b that is substantially orthogonal to the large jack 26a. The jack 26 is pushed up by the jack spring 27 attached to the wiper 23, whereby the jack 26 is urged counterclockwise. Further, a regulating rail 32 is attached to the center rail 16 via a regulating bracket 28, and the rotation range of the jack 26 is regulated by a jack stop felt 29 attached to the regulating rail 32. .
[0011]
In addition, a regulating rail 32 extending over the entire width of the practice piano is attached to the regulating bracket 28, and the regulating rail 32 can be adjusted in the vertical direction by a screw 33. A button 34 is attached. The lower end surface of the regulating button 34 is in contact with the tip of the small jack 26b when the wiper 23 is rotated to a predetermined position.
[0012]
C. Configuration of Hammer Assembly Next, reference numeral 41 in the drawing is a bat that forms the base of the hammer assembly 40. The butt 41 is rotatably attached to a butt flange 42 attached to the center rail 16 via a center pin 42a. A hammer 43 extending obliquely upward is attached to the bat 41. 2 (A) is a diagram showing the configuration of the hammer 43, as shown in this figure, the hole 43c is formed on one end surface of the hammer head 43b forming a cylindrical, plug the hammer shanks 43 a in the hole 43c The hammer 43 is formed by fixing with. Thus, the cross section of the hammer head 43b orthogonal to the axis of the hammer shank 43a is circular.
[0013]
The hammer head 43b is integrally formed by casting or forging a metal such as iron or by molding a resin or rubber. The resin used here may be either a synthetic resin or a natural resin, regardless of whether the resin is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin. The rubber may be either synthetic rubber or natural rubber. In order to use as a material for the hammerhead 43b, it is necessary to have one of the following characteristics.
(1) Even if the hammer 43 is operated at the maximum speed that can occur during performance, when the hammer head 43b hits the hit portion 60, the hammer head 43b is not deformed at that time or is extremely minute. . That is, the rigidity is sufficiently large.
(2) Similarly, even when the hammer head 43b is deformed when the hammer 43 having the maximum speed hits the hit portion 60, the hammer 43 is restored to its original shape when unloaded. That is, the hammer head 43b has sufficient elasticity.
The above characteristics are necessary because if the hammer head 43b is greatly plastically deformed, the hammer 43 will have a larger rotational stroke each time it is hit, and the key touch feeling will be different. In order to make the key touch feeling constant over a long period of time, it is also necessary that there is little deterioration over time.
[0014]
Further, the weight of the hammer head 43b is set so as to gradually become lighter as it moves from the bass side to the treble side by changing the outer diameter and length of the hammer head 43b in the same manner as the hammer head of an actual acoustic piano. It should be noted that the weight gradient as described above can be set by changing the material (specific gravity) of the hammer head 43b. Alternatively, the weight of each hammer head 43b can be changed by machining the surface of the hammer head 43b. For example, the hammer head 43b can be shaped like a spindle and the shape can be changed to change the weight, or the weight can be changed by forming a groove on the entire circumference. Further, instead of changing the weight for each hammer head 43b, three stages of weights may be set in the low, middle and high sound ranges of the keyboard assembly 10.
As a method for fixing the hammer shank 43a and the hammer head 43b, various methods such as welding, bonding with an adhesive, press-fitting, or shrink fitting can be employed. It is also possible to form a screw on the inner peripheral surface of the hole 43c of the hammer head 43b and the outer periphery of the tip of the hammer shank 43a and to fix both of them. By screwing in this way, the position of the hammer head 43b in the axial direction of the hammer shank 43a can be easily adjusted.
[0015]
Next, a catcher shank 45 that is substantially orthogonal to the hammer shank 43 is attached to the bat 41, and a catcher 46 is attached to the tip of the catcher shank 45. A butt spring 47 is attached to the upper left end of the bat 41 to urge it counterclockwise. Further, a butt under felt 41a and a butt under skin 41b covering the butt under felt 41a are attached to the lower surface of the bat 41, and the upper end surface of the large jack 26a is in contact with the butt under skin 41b.
[0016]
Next, a hammer rail 36 that extends over the entire width of the practice piano is attached to the action bracket 15, and a hammer pad 37 that receives the hammer shank 43 a and prevents rebound is attached to the hammer rail 36. . At the rest position, the hammer assembly 40 is held in a state where the hammer shank 43 is in contact with the hammer pad 37 by the urging force of the butt spring 47.
[0017]
Further, a back check 38 that elastically receives the catcher 46 of the hammer assembly 40 that returns to the rest position is attached to the free end of the wiper 23. Further, a bridle wire 39a is attached next to the back check 38, and the upper end portion of the bridle wire 39a and the catcher 46 are connected by a bridle tape 39b. The bridle tape 39b is for preventing double hitting of the hit portion 60 caused by the bounce of the hammer assembly 40 by causing the rotation return of the hammer assembly 40 to follow the rotation return of the wiper 23.
[0018]
D. Configuration of Damper Mechanism This practice piano does not require a damper mechanism because there is no string, but a damper mechanism 50 that interlocks with key depression is provided in order to make the key touch feel equivalent to an acoustic piano. In the figure, reference numeral 51 denotes a damper lever, and the damper lever 51 is rotatably supported by a damper lever flange 52 attached to the center rail 16. The damper lever 51 is urged counterclockwise by a damper lever spring 54 attached to the damper lever flange 52. A damper spoon 55 having an upper end in contact with the lower end of the damper lever 51 is attached to the end of the wiper 23. When the key is depressed, the damper spoon 55 pushes the damper lever 51 into the biasing force of the damper lever spring 54. It is designed to rotate clockwise against this.
Reference numeral 56 in the figure denotes a damper rod, which is connected to a loud pedal (not shown). The damper rod 56 is rotated when the performer depresses the loud pedal, and all the damper levers 51 provided for the respective keys 11 are rotated clockwise in the figure. When the lever 57 is rotated clockwise, the damper spoon 55 does not reach the damper lever 51 even if the key is pressed.
[0019]
E. Next, the configuration of the hit portion 60 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the action bracket 1 5, the bracket 61 which extends over the entire width of the practice piano is attached. The bracket 61 may be made of a highly attenuating material such as cast iron. A damping member 62 made of synthetic resin such as rubber or urethane is attached to one surface of the bracket 61, and the surface of the damping member 62 is made of rubber, synthetic resin, leather, cloth, felt, or the like. A cushioning material 63 is attached. A piezoelectric element (sensor, not shown) that generates an electrical signal corresponding to the striking force when hit with the hammer head 43b is attached to the surface of the cushioning material 63.
[0020]
The output signal of the piezoelectric element is output to a musical tone waveform generating circuit (musical tone signal generating means), not shown, and the musical tone waveform generating circuit generates a musical tone waveform having a tone color and a pitch assigned to the piezoelectric element. Output to speakers and headphones. At that time, the musical sound waveform generating circuit sets the volume according to the strength of the output signal output from the piezoelectric element.
[0021]
F. Next, the operation of the practice piano having the above-described configuration will be described.
First, when the key is depressed, the capstan 9 pushes up the wiper 23 and rotates it counterclockwise around the pin 22a. As a result, the large jack 26 a pushes up the bat 41 to rotate the hammer assembly 40 counterclockwise, and the hammer 43 strikes the hit portion 60. At that time, the piezoelectric element corresponding to the depressed key 11 is struck by the hammer 43, so that a musical tone having a tone color and pitch corresponding to the key 11 and a volume corresponding to the striking strength is output from the speaker or the headphones. Be emitted.
[0022]
Here, while the large jack 26 a rotates the hammer assembly 40, the small jack 26 b comes into contact with the regulating button 34. As a result, the jack 26 pivots clockwise around the pin 26c with the contact portion with the regulating button 34 as the operating point, so that the upper end surface of the large jack 26a extends from the lower surface of the bat 41 to the right in the figure. Escape in the direction and move to a non-contact position with the bat 41. Then, the operation of rotating the return of the hammer assembly 40 after the hammer 43 has string-striking the struck portion 60, catcher 4 6 is temporarily stopped by coming into contact with the back check 38. Then, the jack 26 is interlocked with the rotation return of the wiper 23 accompanying the return operation of the key 11, and the upper end portion of the large jack 26a enters the lower portion of the bat 41 again to enable the next hitting operation.
[0023]
When the key 11 is pressed in this way, it is possible to obtain a key touch feeling equivalent to that of an acoustic piano that separates so that the jack 26 comes out of the bat 41. When the wiper 23 rotates counterclockwise, the damper spoon 55 rotates the damper lever 51 in the clockwise direction against the urging force of the damper lever spring 54, so that the urging force is transmitted to the performer. Realistic key touch feeling can be obtained.
[0024]
In the practice piano having the above configuration, the configuration other than the hammer head 43b is the same as that of the conventional acoustic piano, and the hammer head 43b has the same weight as that of the conventional acoustic piano. The key touch feeling equivalent to can be obtained. Further, since the hammer head 43b is made of a single component of metal, resin or rubber, the manufacturing cost of the hammer 43 can be reduced.
In particular, in the above embodiment, the hammer head 43b is formed so that the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis of the hammer shank 43a is circular. Therefore, when the hammer 43 is attached to the bat 41, the position around the axis is There is no need to consider it. Therefore, not only the mounting operation is extremely simple and can be completed in a short time, but also the manufacturing cost can be further reduced because the manufacturing of the hammer head 43b and the assembly of the hammer head 43a are also simple. .
[0025]
G. Modified example
(1) and a hammer shank 43a and the hammer head 43b can be integrally formed, in addition to them butt 41 further can catcher 4 6 also integrally constructed.
(2) The shape of the hammer head 43b is not limited to the above, and is arbitrary. For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the hammer head 43d can be formed in a cylindrical shape, and the hammer shank 43a can be inserted and fixed in the hollow portion. Further, as shown in FIG. 2C, the hammer head 43e can be formed in a spherical shape, and the hammer shank 43a can be screwed and fixed. Further, the hammer head can be formed in a plate shape.
(3) A sensor for detecting a key press may be arranged below the keyboard assembly 10 and an output signal of the sensor may be supplied to the musical tone waveform generating circuit. The sensor in this case may be a piezoelectric element that is struck by the key 11. An optical sensor such as a photo interrupter is disposed on the upper surface of the shelf 1, and a shutter that shields the optical axis of the optical sensor is attached to the lower surface of the key 11. It may be configured. In the case of using an optical sensor, the key pressing speed is measured from the time until the shutter enters the light receiving state after blocking the optical axis, and the volume of the generated musical sound is made to correspond to the measured key pressing speed. Also good.
(4) In the above embodiment, the configuration of the action 20 and the like is equivalent to that of the upright piano, but the same effect can be obtained even when the configuration is equivalent to that of the grand piano. Further, the present invention can be applied to any keyboard instrument other than the piano, for example, any keyboard instrument such as a harpsichord, Celesta, and organ, and their practice instruments.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
In keyboard instruments of the invention, as described above, the hammer head metal, while Rikatachi formed by the resin or rubber, cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the hammer head to the axis of the hammer shanks are formed to have a circular because there, the position of its axis when mounting the hammer may not be considered, therefore, not only can the mounting operation is completed and in a short time very simple, the manufacture of the hammer head be easy can be reduced the production costs low because there.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a practice piano according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hammer.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 ... key, 20 ... action (action mechanism), 43 ... hammer, 43a ... hammer shank, 43b ... hammer head.

Claims (1)

A key, a hammer that rotates when the key is pressed to hit the hit object, an action mechanism that transmits the operation of the pressed key to the hammer, and a sensor that detects that the key is pressed In a keyboard instrument comprising a tone signal generating means for generating a tone signal based on the detection result of the sensor,
The hammer is constituted by hammer shank and a hammer head, formed such that the metal of the hammer head, while Rikatachi formed by the resin or rubber, cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the hammer head to the axis of the hammer shank is circular A keyboard instrument characterized by that.

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