JP3719945B2 - Hot static pressure bonding method and first wall structure manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot hydrostatic bonding method, and more particularly to a method of manufacturing a first wall structure of a nuclear fusion reactor using the hot hydrostatic bonding method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The first blanket of the fusion reactor blanket is the innermost wall of the vacuum vessel for confining the plasma in the fusion reactor, and it is made of stainless steel or refractory metal and has a low atomic number such as carbon or beryllium on the surface. Is formed by coating.
Since the first wall is subjected to severe irradiation such as helium, hydrogen, and neutrons at a high temperature, effective cooling is essential. For this reason, a structure in which a copper layer having good heat transfer performance is provided between stainless steel as a base material and beryllium covering the surface and a cooling pipe is embedded therein is usually used. In order to suppress eddy currents generated in the first wall due to the electromagnetic field in the container, it is preferable to provide slits in the beryllium layer and the copper layer.
[0003]
Conventionally, a relatively long plate-like body having a large number of through-holes inside, such as the first wall, is formed by forming through-holes in the plate-like body formed first by machining or electrolytic processing, or by providing grooves. It was formed by placing a large number of plate-like bodies on a flat plate and performing electron beam welding.
However, these methods have a problem that they require extremely high processing techniques and are expensive, dimensional accuracy cannot be obtained due to deformation caused by welding, and welding of the entire contact surface is difficult.
[0004]
On the other hand, the contact surfaces can also be joined using a hot hydrostatic joining method in which a cooling pipe is sandwiched between two plate-like members and pressurized and heated under diffusion. In this method, as shown in a cross section in FIG. 8, the periphery of the contact surface is sealed and welded so that the fluid that transmits the pressure does not enter the joint surface, but diffusion bonding is not performed in the vicinity of the weld line. It was necessary to cut off the insufficient part.
[0005]
As a method for solving such a problem, a hot hydrostatic bonding method using canning is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-54688, which is filed by the present applicant. In the disclosed method, a groove for fitting a cooling pipe is formed in the plate-shaped member, and a member obtained by fitting a plurality of cooling pipes into the groove is combined as shown in an exploded view of FIG. As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 10, surrounded by a seal plate with a thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm, the entire circumference is sealed and coated (canning), the inside is evacuated, and a hot hydrostatic pressure treatment (HIP) apparatus The contact surface is diffusion bonded by processing. In this method, the static pressure acts on the member through a thin seal plate, the medium does not penetrate into the contact portion of the member, the design is easy, the cost is low, and the dimensional accuracy is high. A first wall having high safety against thermal load, internal pressure load, and electromagnetic force load can be manufactured.
[0006]
However, according to the disclosed invention as well, since the sealing material used for canning is diffusion bonded to the base material and fixed, it is necessary to cut and remove the sealing material by machining in order to ensure dimensional accuracy. . Even when the dimensional accuracy is not a problem, the sealing material cannot be matched with the base material when the base material is formed by joining different materials.
In addition, when a cut or groove is required as in the first wall, if hot-static pressure bonding is performed using a material that has been previously formed with a cut or the like, diffusion bonding occurs at the cut or the like and the cut or the like is blocked. Or deform. For this reason, there is a problem that slits and the like must be formed in the material joined after processing, which increases processing costs.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method capable of producing a product at a low cost by simplifying the machining necessary for finishing when applying the hot hydrostatic bonding method.
In particular, it is to provide a method of manufacturing the first wall of a fusion reactor more easily and at low cost by using a hot hydrostatic bonding method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the hot hydrostatic bonding method of the present invention brings the bonding surfaces of the materials to be bonded into contact with each other, surrounds the contacted bonding material with a thin canning material via a bonding prevention material, The canning material is sealed and sealed so that the pressurized medium does not enter the joint surface, and the joining material is diffusion bonded by applying static pressure through the pressurized medium under heating, and then the canning material is peeled off. And producing a product.
In the present invention, since the periphery of the bonding material is surrounded by the canning material via the bonding preventing material, the canning material and the bonding material are not bonded even after the hot hydrostatic bonding (HIP) is performed. Therefore, the canning material and the bonding preventing material can be easily peeled off from the product surface after the construction. For this reason, it is not necessary to perform cutting as in the prior art, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
[0009]
In addition, by drawing the vacuum after surrounding with the canning material, it is possible to prevent the surplus gas from remaining on the contact surface portion between the bonding materials, and to obtain good bonding.
In addition, if a groove is required for the bonding material, the groove walls can be fused even by HIP if a groove is formed in the bonding material in advance and a bonding preventing material is inserted into the groove. However, the groove can be easily restored by removing the anti-bonding material after the treatment.
The bonding preventing material may be any material that does not cause bonding with the metal to be bonded and can withstand high temperatures, and carbon, boron nitride, and the like are suitable. Moreover, it can apply with shapes, such as a thin plate, a fiber, and a granule. However, when used for the treatment of stainless steel or copper, a cloth or cotton formed from alumina long fibers is suitable as a binding preventing material in consideration of peelability. In particular, when it is necessary to prepare in the groove, a cloth formed of alumina long fibers is suitable as a binding preventing material.
[0010]
In addition, the first wall structure manufacturing method of the present invention forms a block by sandwiching a stainless steel water pipe between copper or a copper alloy, and a stainless steel back plate is brought into contact with the back side of the block, and joined. Sealed with a thin stainless steel canning material through a preventive material, applied with static pressure under heat, diffusion bonded, peeled off the canning material to obtain an intermediate structure, and then the intermediate structure It is characterized in that beryllium is brought into contact with the copper surface side, sealed again with a thin canning material through a bonding preventing material, and subjected to diffusion bonding by applying a static pressure under heating.
[0011]
According to the first wall structure manufacturing method of the present invention, the first wall having a complicated configuration including a plurality of different materials and incorporating a large number of cooling pipes is combined through a joint surface in which members are mutually strong. As a result, it can be formed relatively easily, and the canning material and the joining prevention material can be easily peeled to form a product.
The first wall formed in this way conducts radiant heat received from the plasma of the fusion reactor and nuclear heat generated inside the wall to the cooling pipe with copper or copper alloy having good thermal conductivity, and to the outside with the refrigerant in the cooling pipe. Since it can be excreted, it has high heat resistance and long life.
[0012]
In addition, it is necessary to provide a slit in the first wall in the vertical direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the eddy current flowing through the structure in the vacuum vessel, to suppress the generation of eddy current. The slit can be formed by machining after the structure is formed by the hot hydrostatic bonding method.
In the present invention, a slit is previously formed in the member before joining, and a joining preventing material is inserted into the slit, and then canned and the hot hydrostatic joining method is applied. According to this method, the slit can be formed very easily by removing the bonding preventing material in the slit after the hot hydrostatic bonding method.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
【Example】
A present Example is a manufacturing method of the 1st wall using the hot hydrostatic bonding method of this invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first wall targeted in this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a vertical plane including a holder, and FIG. 3 is a substrate section cut along a plane perpendicular to the cut plane of FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view when the upper portion is cut by a horizontal plane, FIG. 5 is an exploded view for explaining the combination of members in the first step in the first wall manufacturing method of the present embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the upper end portion of the first wall, illustrating the assembly of the members in the process.
[0015]
The product to be manufactured in this embodiment is a first wall of a nuclear fusion reactor as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and a stainless steel substrate 1 with a copper-based metal layer 2 interposed as a heat conductor. The beryllium plate 3 is attached to the surface. A cooling pipe 4 passes through the copper base metal layer 2. In the substrate 1, for example, six pairs of water supply headers 11, water supply holes 12 connected to the water supply headers 11, and drainage headers 13 and water discharge holes 14 connected to the water supply headers 11 are provided. The end of the water supply hole 12 opposite to the header is connected to the water supply subheader 15, and the end of the drainage hole 14 opposite to the header is connected to the drainage subheader 16. The water supply subheader 15 and the drainage subheader 16 are connected by two cooling pipes 4 connected to each other.
Further, the water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13 are respectively connected to a water supply hole 51 and a drainage hole 52 provided in the support member 5.
[0016]
The first wall is provided with a slit 6 having a width of about 1 mm in the vertical direction in order to suppress the generation of eddy current. The slit 6 penetrates from the top to the bottom for the beryllium layer 3 and the copper metal layer 2 at the position separating the pair of the water supply hole 12 and the drainage hole 14, and the water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13 for the stainless steel substrate 1. It is provided leaving.
The cooling water supplied from the outside via the support member 5 is supplied from the water supply header 11 through the water supply hole 12 to the cooling pipe 4 and absorbs the heat generated in the first wall and on the surface so that the drain hole 14 is formed. It is discharged to the outside through the drainage header 13.
[0017]
The manufacturing method in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing a method for assembling members in the process of fixing the copper metal layer 2 through the cooling pipe 4 onto the stainless steel substrate 1.
The cooling pipe 4 is a stainless steel pipe and extends along the surface of the copper metal layer 2 and has a shape bent at the upper end and the lower end toward the stainless steel substrate 1 side. The copper metal layer 2 is divided into a surface member 21 on the front surface side and an inner surface member 22 on the stainless steel substrate 1 side, and grooves for guiding and guiding the cooling pipes 4 are arranged in parallel on the opposing faces as many as the number of cooling pipes. Is provided. The stainless steel substrate 1 is a flat plate member made of stainless steel, and is provided with grooves that fit into the cooling pipe 4 at the upper and lower ends. Further, the cover member 17 is brought into contact with the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the stainless steel substrate 1. The cover member 17 is provided with a groove that fits into the end of the cooling pipe 4.
[0018]
After these members are combined, the sealing material 75, 76, 77, 78 is applied to the entire circumference of the sealing material 75, 76, 77, 78 through the joining prevention materials 71, 72, 73, 74 made of alumina fiber, and the sealing material Seal each other by seal welding. As the sealing material, a thin steel plate having a thickness of about 1 mm can be used.
Holes 79 and 80 through which the cooling pipe 4 passes are formed in the joining preventing material 71 and the sealing material 75 applied to the back surface of the members to be joined, and the sealing material 75 is joined to the outer wall of the cooling pipe 4 by welding. The part surrounded by the materials 75, 76, 77, 78 is made airtight. Further, an appropriate hole is provided in the bonding preventing material 72 and the sealing material 76 applied to one side surface of the bonding member, and the sealing material 76 is provided with a vacuum nozzle 81 connected to a vacuum pipe.
[0019]
After the seal welding of each part is completed, the internal space surrounded by the sealing materials 75, 76, 77, 78 is evacuated by suction from the vacuum nozzle 81. After the vacuum in the internal space is confirmed, the vacuum nozzle 81 is sealed to perform an airtight seal. In the joining member block surrounded by the sealing material thus obtained and maintained in vacuum, the pressure medium does not penetrate into the contact surface of the member, so that the static pressure acts on the member via the flexible sealing material and joins. To the surface. The assembled joining member block is set in a hot hydrostatic joining apparatus, and processed by applying an argon pressure or a helium pressure of 150 MPa to 200 MPa in a state of being heated from 1000 ° C. to 1100 ° C., for example. Then, diffusion of substances occurs while the contact surfaces of the joining members are pressed at high temperature, and they are metallurgically joined to each other, so that an extremely strong integrated structure can be obtained.
[0020]
Thereafter, it is removed from the apparatus, and the sealing materials 75, 76, 77, 78 are peeled off from the joining member, and the intermediate tube is formed by scraping off the portion where the cooling pipe 4 protrudes from the back surface of the stainless steel substrate 1 to form a flat surface. . The anti-bonding material interposed between the sealing material and the bonding member is not compatible with both the bonding material and the sealing material, and performance degradation is small even when subjected to high temperature treatment. It can be easily peeled from the member. Therefore, even if the shape is not adjusted by grinding the sealing material layer fused to the surface of the structure as in the case of the conventional hot hydrostatic bonding method, it is designed as it is if the anti-bonding material and the sealing material are peeled off. Since the intermediate structure has a street shape, there is an advantage that the surface treatment process is simplified.
[0021]
Next, a beryllium layer is formed on the surface of the intermediate structure by assembling as shown in FIG.
The beryllium layer 3 is brought into contact with the entire surface of the intermediate structure 7, and the sealing material 86, 87, 88, 89 is applied to the periphery of the intermediate structure 7 via alumina fiber bonding prevention materials 82, 83, 84, 85. The seal material is sealed and sealed. Further, an appropriate hole is provided in the bonding preventing material 83 applied to one side surface of the intermediate structure 7, and a vacuum nozzle 90 is provided in the corresponding sealing material 87.
[0022]
After the seal welding of each part is completed, the internal space surrounded by the sealing materials 86, 87, 88, 89 is evacuated by suction from the vacuum nozzle 90, and the vacuum nozzle 90 is sealed to perform an airtight seal. When the intermediate structure that surrounds the sealing material and maintains the vacuum is set in a hot hydrostatic bonding apparatus, for example, heated at 550 ° C. to 625 ° C. and applied with an argon pressure of 150 MPa to 200 MPa, the beryllium layer 3 and A structure in which the copper metal surface of the intermediate structure 7 is diffusion-bonded and firmly integrated can be obtained.
The structure after the treatment is removed from the hot hydrostatic bonding apparatus, the bonding preventing materials 82, 83, 84, 85 and the sealing materials 86, 87, 88, 89 are peeled off, and the first wall having the shape as designed. Get a structure.
[0023]
In the first wall structure thus obtained, the cooling water channels 11, 13, 12 and 14 are formed in the stainless steel substrate 1, and the subheaders 15 and 16 connected to the cooling pipe 4 in the copper metal layer 2 are formed. Then, simple machining is performed on the central portion, the upper end portion, and the lower end portion of the stainless steel substrate 1.
First, holes serving as the water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13 are penetrated from the side of the stainless steel substrate 1. This hole is later sealed by welding with plugs at both ends.
[0024]
Further, as shown in the enlarged perspective view of FIG. 7, the upper end and the lower end of the stainless steel substrate 1 are notched leaving the partition 18 to expose the end face of the cooling pipe 4, and the water supply provided at the center of the stainless steel substrate 1. A water supply hole 12 communicating with the header 11 and a drain hole 14 communicating with the drain header 13 are bored. The notch 19 is covered with a cover 20 having a notch on the inside and fixed by welding, and a water supply subheader 15 or drainage for communicating the water supply hole 12 or drainage hole 14 with, for example, two cooling pipes 4. A sub-header 16 is formed.
[0025]
At the position of the partition 18, a slit 6 of about 1 mm is inserted. The slit 6 is stopped at a position where it does not reach the water supply header 11 or the drainage header 13 in the stainless steel substrate 1 and is formed so as to penetrate from the upper end to the lower end in the copper metal layer 2 and the beryllium layer 3. The slit 6 can be processed by, for example, a water jet.
Finally, the support member 5 is fixed to the back surface of the stainless steel substrate 1 by electron beam welding so that the water supply hole 51 and the drainage hole 52 communicate with the water supply header 11 and the drainage header 13, respectively.
[0026]
Instead of forming the slit 6 after forming the structure by the hot hydrostatic bonding method, a stainless steel material having a slit formed in advance, and a copper metal plate and a beryllium plate cut into pieces at the slit position are combined. The first wall can be manufactured by being processed and integrated by a hot hydrostatic bonding method.
In this case, press the anti-bonding material into the slit formed in the stainless steel material, or insert the anti-bonding material into the slit position of the copper metal plate or beryllium plate, then combine these members and bond them all around A sealant is applied through a preventive material, enclosed, sealed and sealed, and processed by hot hydrostatic bonding.
In this way, by installing a bonding preventive material in the slit portion, the slit portion will not be diffusion bonded even if the hot static pressure bonding method is applied, and the slit can be easily removed by peeling off the bonding preventive material after application. Restored.
Therefore, the first wall can be manufactured very easily as compared with the case where the slit is formed by performing mechanical processing after forming the structure.
[0027]
Since the first wall manufactured by the hot hydrostatic bonding method of the present invention is formed of a circular tube with an independent cooling pipe, the stress concentration is reduced as compared with the cooling duct having a deformed cross section, and the thermal load and the internal pressure load are reduced. The sound performance as a pressure-resistant boundary is strengthened against an asymmetric electromagnetic force load. In addition, by using a cooling pipe having a circular cross section, if the required cooling amount is given, then only the arrangement interval and the pipe diameter need be determined, and the design is simplified.
Furthermore, since the joining member does not require complicated work as joining pretreatment, the number of processing steps is reduced as compared with the conventional method, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
[0028]
In addition, the cooling effect is increased because the cooling pipe is surrounded by copper or copper alloy whose thermal conductivity is several tens of times higher than that of stainless steel. Therefore, plasma disruption occurs and extreme temperature peaks occur on the outermost surface of the first wall. Even when this occurs, cooling can be performed uniformly in a short time.
In addition, since the 1st wall manufactured with the manufacturing method of this invention has the structure which pinches | interposes a cooling pipe with the same copper metal from both sides, it is excellent in the homogeneity in a joint surface by mutual diffusion. Therefore, even when subjected to a shear load or bending load due to a large electromagnetic force, cracks are unlikely to occur at the joint interface, and the design reliability is high.
[0029]
In addition, although the said Example is an example which applied the hot hydrostatic joining method of this invention to manufacture of the nuclear fusion reactor 1st wall, the object of this invention is not restricted to a 1st wall, The heat which uses the conventional canning Needless to say, the method can be applied to all those to which the hydrostatic bonding method can be applied.
Moreover, although the cotton or cloth made of alumina fiber is used as the bonding preventing material in the above embodiment, an appropriate material can be selected according to the material and shape of the target bonding member. Hard-sintering ceramics such as carbon and boron nitride can also be used, and powder may be applied to the surface.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the conventional method requires post-processing because the sealing material adheres to the product surface, but the hot hydrostatic bonding method of the present invention can easily peel off the sealing material. High-precision products can be obtained through simple finishing. In addition, even when there is a slit portion, it is possible to form a highly accurate slit by assembling a member that has been slit in advance and performing hot hydrostatic bonding.
In particular, a composite structure such as a fusion reactor first wall can also be manufactured easily and at low cost by using the hot hydrostatic bonding method of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first wall which is a target in an embodiment of a hot hydrostatic bonding method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first wall of FIG. 1 taken along a vertical plane.
3 is a cross-sectional view of the first wall of FIG. 1 taken along a plane perpendicular to the cut surface of FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the first wall in FIG. 1 cut along a horizontal plane. FIG.
FIG. 5 is an exploded view illustrating the combination of members in the first step in the first wall manufacturing method of the present embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an exploded view illustrating a combination of members in a later step in the first wall manufacturing method of the present embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged perspective view of an upper end portion of a first wall manufactured in the present embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a member manufactured by a conventional hot hydrostatic bonding method.
FIG. 9 is an exploded view illustrating an initial process in a conventional hot hydrostatic bonding method.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an intermediate structure in a conventional hot hydrostatic bonding method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stainless steel board | substrate 2 Copper metal layer 3 Beryllium layer 4 Cooling pipe 5 Support member 6 Slit 7 Intermediate structure 11 Water supply header 12 Water supply hole 13 Drainage header 14 Drainage hole 15 Water supply subheader 16 Drainage subheader 17 Cover member 21 Surface member 22 Inner surface member 51 Water supply hole 52 Drain hole 71, 72, 73, 74 Joining prevention material 75, 76, 77, 78 Sealing material 79, 80 Cooling tube hole 81 Vacuum nozzle 82, 83, 84, 85 Joining prevention material 86, 87 , 88, 89 Sealing material 90 Vacuum nozzle

Claims (5)

The joining surfaces of the materials to be joined are brought into contact with each other, and the surrounding joining materials are surrounded by a thin canning material via a joining prevention material, and the canning material is sealed so that the pressurized medium does not enter the joining surface. It is a hot hydrostatic joining method in which a product is produced by welding and sealing, diffusion bonding between the joining materials by applying a static pressure through a pressurized medium under heating, and then peeling the canning material. In addition, the hot static pressure bonding method is performed by sandwiching the anti-bonding material in advance in the slit provided in the bonding material itself and the position of the slit to be provided at the abutting position between the bonding materials. removed to hot hydrostatic pressure bonding, characterized in that to produce the product by forming a slit in restoring the slit provided in the bonding material itself also butted position between the bonding material .   The hot hydrostatic bonding method according to claim 1, wherein after sealing the canning material, a vacuum is applied to a portion surrounded by the canning material.   The hot static pressure bonding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bonding preventing material is an alumina fiber cloth. A stainless steel water tube is sandwiched between copper or copper alloy to form a block, a stainless steel back plate is brought into contact with the back side of the block, and sealed with a thin stainless steel canning material via a joint prevention material Then, after applying static pressure under heating and diffusion bonding, peeling off the canning material to obtain an intermediate structure, a beryllium plate is further brought into contact with the copper side surface of the intermediate structure, and bonded In the manufacturing method of a first wall structure of a nuclear fusion reactor, which is sealed with a thin canning material through a preventive material and is subjected to diffusion bonding by applying a static pressure under heating, the block is provided with the block after applying the hot static pressing legal sandwich the stop-off material at a position to be a slit provided on the beryllium plate with sandwich the advance stop-off material within the slit, in the slit and the beryllium plate Manufacturing method of the first wall structure, characterized in that to remove the stop-off material produced by forming a slit of a slit was restored and the beryllium plate of the block. The method for producing a first wall structure according to claim 4, wherein the bonding prevention material is an alumina fiber cloth.

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